Agenda 05/27/2008 Item #16E10
Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Page 1 of 85
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Recommendation to approve a Final Management Plan for the Wet Woods
Preserve under the Conservation Collier Land Acquisition Program
OBJECTIVE: To obtain approval from the Board of County Commissioners (Board) for the
Final Management Plan (FMP) for the Wet Woods Preserve and for the Board to give direction
to the County Manager, or his designee, for its implementation.
CONSIDERATIONS: The Conservation Collier Ordinance, No. 2002-63, as amended, Section
14(2), requires that a Final Management Plan shall be prepared for each property, with review
and input by the Land Acquisition Advisory Committee. This plan shall identify management
activities as are necessary to preserve, enhance, restore, maintain and monitor the property,
and estimate the costs of the project. Additionally, the Plan shall identify how public use
compatible to the parcel shall be accomplished,
Wet Woods Preserve (f.k.a. the Watkins/Jones parcel), comprised of 27 acres located along
U.S. 41 north, just south of Wiggins Pass Road, was purchased by Collier County in 2005.
The Interim Management Plan was approved by the Board in 2006. The Lands Evaluation and
Management Subcommittee of the Conservation Collier Land Acquisition Advisory Committee
(CCLAAC) have reviewed the draft Final Management Plan and on March 20, 2008, a public
meeting was held, inviting all neighbors within 1,500 feet of the Preserve to attend and provide
comments. The final draft was presented to the CCLAAC on May 12, 2008. The CCLAAC
~ unanimously recommended approval with one suggested change. This change was made with
the addition of action item 7.2 under Goal 7 (Page 55 of the Plan).
FISCAL IMPACT: The costs of land management activities for the first year of implementation
have been estimated to be $23,700 mainly to plan and permit a raised boardwalk. The cost
associated with the construction of the boardwalk and other amenities are estimated to cost
$368,000 in fiscal year 2009-2010. Staff will seek grant funding to assist in reducing these
costs. The annual costs will lessen following initial site development to between $2,350 to
$4,416 per year. Funds are budgeted within the Conservation Collier Land Management Fund
to accomplish these activities.
GROWTH MANAGEMENT IMPACT: Management of Conservation Collier lands to support
appropriate public access is consistent with and supports Policy 1.1.6 and Objective 1.3 in the
Recreation and Open Space Element of the Collier County Growth Management Plan.
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS: The Conservation Collier Ordinance (No. 2002-63, as
amended), in Section 14, provides a legal framework for development of management plans
and for use of environmentally sensitive lands. The Office of the County Attorney has reviewed
and approved the Final Management Plan for form and legal sufficiency. - JAB
RECOMMENDATION: That the Board of County Commissioners approve the attached Final
Management Plan and directs the County Manager, or his designee, to implement it for the Wet
Woods Preserve.
/"""
PREPARED BY: Christal Segura, Environmental Specialist, Conservation Collier Program,
Department of Facilities Management
Page I of 1
Agenda Item No, 16E 10
May 27,2008
Page 2 of 85
COLLIER COUNTY
BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
Item Number:
Item Summary:
16E10
Recommendation to approve a Final Management Plan for the Wet Woods Preserve under
the Conservation Collier Land Acquisition Program.
Meeting Date:
5/27/20089:00:00 AM
Approved By
Melissa Hennig
Environmental Specialist
Date
Administrative Services
Facilities Management
5/13/200810:33 AM
Approved By
Jennifer A. Belpedio
Assistant County Attorney
Date
County Attorney
County Attorney Office
5/14/20084:29 PM
Approved By
Skip Camp, C.F.M.
Facilities Management Director
Date
Administrative Services
Facilities Management
5/14/20085:00 PM
Approved By
Len Golden Price
Administrative Services Administrator
Date
Administrative Services
Administrative Services Admin.
5/15/20083:49 PM
Approved By
OMS Coordinator
OMS Coordinator
Date
County Manager's Office
Office of Management & Budget
5/16/20088:27 AM
Approved By
Laura Davisson
Management & Budget Analyst
Date
County Manager's Office
Office of Management & Budget
5/19/2008 9:30 AM
Approved By
James V. Mudd
County Manager
Date
Board of County
Commissioners
County Manager's Office
5/19/200810:26 AM
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file:/IC:\AgendaTest\Export\ I 08-May%2027,%202008\16.%20CONSENT%20AGENDA \ I... 512112008
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manazeme'ii!l1flitinof 85
Wet Woods Preserve
Land Management Plan
Managed by:
Conservation Collier Program
Collier County
May 2008 -May 2018 (10 yr plan)
Prepared by:
Collier County Facilities Management Department
Conservation Collier Staff
Conservation Collier Program
Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land ManaJ!emeFlI'j1Jdnof 85
Wet Woods Preserve
Land Management Plan Executive Summary
Lead Agency: Collier County Board of County Commissioners, Conservation Collier
Program
Property included in this Plan: Wet Woods Preserve (Folio #: 00154880008)
Acreage Breakdown:
Gcneral Vegctativc Communities Acreage
15.53
11.24
26.77
Management Responsibilities:
Agencv: Collier County - Conservation Collier Program
Designated Land Use: Conservation and natural resource based recreation
Unique Features: saltwater and freshwater marshes, mangrove forests, pine flatwoods,
active bald eagle nest, seven listed plant and two listed animal species detected to date
Management Goals:
Goal!: Eliminate or significantly reduce human impacts to indigenous flora and
fauna
Goal 2: Develop a baseline monitoring report
Goal 3: Remove or control populations of invasive, exotic or problematic flora and
fauna to restore and maintain natural habitats
Goal 4: Determine if prescribed fire and/or mechanical treatments are feasible to
decrease woody invasion resulting from past fire exclusion; if so proceed
Goal 5: Restore native vegetation
Goal 6: Develop a plan for public use
Goal 7: Facilitate uses of the site for educational purposes
Goal 8: Provide a plan for security and disaster preparedness
Public Involvement: Public meeting(s) to be held in early spring of 2008 with residents
and businesses from surrounding lands including Future Citizens Inc., Germain,
Cocohatchee Nature Center and the North Naples Civic Association.
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Conservation Co/iier Program
2
Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land ManazemeFlfl0llanof 85
Table of Contents
Land Management Plan Executive Summary................................................................ 2
List of Tables ......................................................................................................................4
List of Figures ....................................................................................................................4
List of Appendices .............................................................................................................5
1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 6
1.1 Conservation Collier: Land Acqnisition Program and Management Anthority.............. 7
1.2 Purpose and Scope of Plan ..................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Location of the Wet Woods Preserve.................................................................................... 7
1.4 Regional Significance of the Wet Woods Preserve .............................................................. 9
1.5 Nearby Pnblic Lands and Designated Water Resources..................................................... 9
1.6 Public Involvement ............................................................................................................... 12
2.0 Natural Resources......................................................................................................12
2.1 Physiography ......................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.1 Topography and ('jeomorphology;...:.-.....................:;;:.:.::;.;:.;;~-.~;...... - ..;;:;~';;;::.7.:.:;=i-2::
2.1.2 Geology......... ............... ....... .~.~.~ .:..~.-:::........ ...:::::~~~::::::::..:........... ...~-::::::::::. :::~... :=-:::~-12-
2.1.3 Soils .................................................................................................................................. 13
2.1.4 HydrologylWater Management ........................................................................................ 16
2.2 Climate...............................................................................m~n............._............._ 16
2.3 Natural Plant Communities .................................................................................................16
2.3.1 Wetlands: Mangrove Swamps .........................................................................~.,.~..~~~~.~l~___ _
2.3.2 Wetlands: Tidal Marsh ....................................;.:........................................;.~:=,,-;:;;;-;;~;;,20---
2.3.3 Wetlands: Freshwater Marsh........... ....................:: .~;..;.;-..:;;; .7.c;.;...;;;..~. .-.;;'.;;;. ;"';.;;..-.;~.;;..-20--,
2.3.4 Uplands: Mesic Pine Flatwoods ....................................................................................... 21
2.4 Native Plant and Animal Species......................................................................................... 22
2.4.1 Plant Species..................................................................................................................... 22
2.4.2 Animal Species.............. .............. ........................... ............ .............................................. 22
2.5 Listed Species ........................................................................................................................ 25
2.5.1 Listed Plant Species.......................................................................................................... 25
2.5.2 Listed Animal Species......................................................................................................28
2.6 Invasive, Non-native and Problem Species......................................................................... 30
2.6.1 Invasive and Problem Plant Species................................................................................. 30
2.6.2 Invasive and Problem Animal Species............................................................................. 32
3.0 Previous and Current Use of the Preserve; Adjacent Land Uses .........................36
3.1 Previous and Current Use.................................................................................................... 36
3.2 Cultural, Historical and Archeological Resource Protection ...........................................36
Conservation Collier Program
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Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27,2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manai!emeFifJilIitfnof 85
3.3 Adjacent Land Uses ..............................................................................................................36
3.4 Major Accomplishments during Previous years............................................................... 39
4.0 Future Use of the Wet Woods Preserve including Management Issnes, Goals
and Objectives ..................................................................................................................41
4.1 Management Plan Framework............................................................................................ 41
4.1.1 Preserve Manager: Contact Information ........................................................................ 41
4.2 Planned Uses and Assessment of their Impacts ................................................................. 41
4.2.1 Identification of Public Uses Consistent with Preservation, Enhancement, Restoration,
Conservation and Maintenance of the Resources .............................................................41
4.3 Desired Future Conditions ................................................................................................... 42
4.4 Goals for the 10 year period 2008-2018.............................................................................. 43
4.5 Establish an Operational Plan for the Wet Woods Preserve............................................ 57
4.5.1 Maintenance................ ............... ........................... .............. ............. ................ ................. 57
4.5.2 Estimated Annual Costs and Funding Sources................................................................. 57
4.5.3 Potential for Contracting Restoration and Management Activities by Private Vendors.. 60
5.0 Literature Cited .........................................................................................................61
List of Tables
Table I: Acquisition History and Status of Wet Woods Preserve.................................................. 6
Table 2: Public Lands Located near the Wet Woods Preserve....................................................... 9
Table 3: Summary of Natural Communities in the Wet Woods Preserve .................................... 17
Table 4: Bird Species Recorded at the Wet Woods Preserve .......................................................23
Table 5: Breeding Bird Species Recorded in the Bonita Springs Quadrangle in the Vicinity ofthe
Wet Woods Preserve .............................................................................................................. 24
Table 6: Listed Plant Species Detected at the Wet Woods Preserve ............................................ 25
Table 7: Invasive Plant Species at Wet Woods Preserve.............................................................. 31
Table 8: Major Accomplishments Since the Acquisition of the Wet Woods Preserve ............... 39
Table 9: Invasive, Exotic Plant Species Control Plan for the Wet Woods Preserve Category I
species....... .............. ..... ..... ...................... ...................... .............................. ........................... 46
Table 10: Estimated Annual Land Management Budget............................................................. 58
Table 11: Potential Contracting for Restoration and Management Activities.............................. 60
List of Figures
Figure I: General Location of and Directions to Wet Woods Preserve. ........................................ 8
Figure 2: Conservation Collier Preserves and Designated State and Federal Land or
Conservation Easements Existing in Collier County............................................................. 10
Figure 3: Preserves and Protected Lands in the Vicinity of Wet Woods Preserve....................... I I
Figure 4: General View of the Wet Woods Preserve - Existing Conditions ...............................14
Figure 5: Soil Units at the Wet Woods Preserve ..........................................................................16
Conservation Collier Program
4
Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manazeme'FifJrjlJilnof 85
Figure 6: Distribution of Main Natural Communities in the Wet Woods Preserve...................... 18
Figure 7: Historical Aerial Photographs courtesy of the State of Florida University System of
Florida website......... ..... .......... ......................................... ............. .............. ........................... 37
Figure 8: Areas Contiguous to the Wet Woods Preserve ............................................................ 38
Figure 9: Exotic Removal Partnership Areas............................................................................... 40
Figure 10: Photo Point Locations Within Wet Woods Preserve.................................................. 46
Figure I I: Soils and FLUCCS Designations for the Wet Woods Preserve................................. 51
List of Appendices
Appendix 1: Legal Description of the Wet Woods Preserve
Appendix 2: Preliminary Floristic Inventory of the Wet Woods Preserve
Appendix 3: Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI) Managed Area Tracking Record and
Element Occurrence Summary; FNAI ranking system explanation
Appendix 4: Bald Eagle Protection Acts
Consel1lation Collier Program
5
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land ManazemeFtfll/i!ltfnof 85
1.0 Introduction
The Wet Woods Preserve is a 26.77-acre natural area within the urban boundary of Collier
County, Florida. The preserve contains various native plant communities, including pine
flatwoods, mangrove forests, and both saltwater and freshwater marshes.
A site assessment to determine compliance with the Conservation Collier initial screening
criteria was conducted in July 2004 and the Conservation Collier Program purchased the
property on August 19, 2005. Previously known as the "Watkins-Jones" property, for the
previous owners, it was renamed Wet Woods Preserve by local school children in Novernber
2006. The County holds fee simple title to the Wet Woods Preserve. The Conservation Collier
program manages these lands under authority granted by the Conservation Collier Ordinance
2002-63 as amended (2007-65) (available from www.municode.com).Initial acquisition
activities are summarized in Table I.
Table 1: Acquisition History and Status of Wet Woods Preserve
Year
2003
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
2007
2008
The preserve consists of approximately 58% (olcI5.53 acres) wetland habitats and approximately
42% (olcl1.24 acres) upland habitat. Conservation, restoration and natural resource-based
recreation are the designated uses of this property. Management activities allowed include those
necessary to preserve, restore, secure and maintain this environmentally sensitive land for the
benefit of present and future generations. Public use of the site must be consistent with these
management goals.
This is the Final Management Plan for the Wet Woods Preserve. This 10-year management plan
will be submitted to the Collier County Board of County Commissioners (BCe) for its approval.
When approved, this plan will replace the Interim Management Plan.
6
Conservation Collier Program
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27,2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land ManazemeFl/'ltfitihof 85
1.1 Conservation Collier: Land Acquisition Program and Management Authority
The Conservation Collier program was originally approved by voters in November 2002 and
subsequently confirmed in the Novernber 2006 ballot referendurn. Both voter-approved
referendums enable the program to acquire environmentally sensitive conservation lands within
Collier County, Florida (Ordinance 2002-63, as amended). Properties must support at least two
of the following qualities to qualify for further consideration: rare habitat, aquifer recharge, flood
control, water quality protection, and listed species habitat. The Collier County Board of County
Commissioners (BCe) appointed a Land Acquisition Advisory Committee to consider any
selected or nominated properties that an owner has indicated a willingness to sell. The committee
recommends property purchases for final approval by the BCe.
Lands acquired with Conservation Collier funds are titled to "COLLIER COUNTY, a political
subdivision of the State of Florida, by and through its Conservation Collier program." The
Board of County Commissioners of Collier County established the Conservation Collier program
to implernent the program and to manage acquired lands. As such, Conservation Collier holds
management authority for the Wet Woods Preserve.
1.2 Purpose and Scope of Plan
The purpose of the plan is to provide management direction for Wet Woods Preserve by
identifying the goals and objectives necessary to eliminate or minimize any threats to the
resources and integrity of the preserve. This text is a working document that establishes the
foundation of the ten-year plan by identifying the appropriate management techniques necessary
to preserve andlor restore the resource.
This plan will balance resource restoration and protection with natural resource-based
recreational and educational use while looking at restoration needs, listed species protection and
maintenance of the site free of invasive, exotic plant and animal species. This plan is divided
into sections that incorporate an introduction, descriptions of the natural and cultural resources,
projected uses of the property, management issues, and goals and objectives.
1.3 Location of the Wet Woods Preserve
Wet Woods Preserve is located at 12815 Tamiami Trail N. in Naples, Florida (See Figure I;
legal description in Appendix 1). It is in Collier County's northwest comer, immediately west of
U.S. Highway 41, south of Wiggins Pass Road in Section 16 Township 48 Range 25.
Conservation Collier Program
7
Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manai!ernf!ng{?Mi1of 85
Conservation Collier Wet Woods Preserve Location Map
12815 Tamiami Trail. North
Folio # 00154880008
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Directions: 1.75 to Naples Immokalee Road
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Turn north on US41 Property is on the west
side of the road in between EncoreWay and
Imperial Golf Course Blvd,
Figure 1: Geueral Location of and Directions to Wet Woods Preserve.
/-
Conservation Collier Program
8
Agenda Item No. 16E 1 0
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manaf!emf?/!lg~l'tmof 85
1.4 Regional Significance ofthe Wet Woods Preserve
To date, approximately 64% (more than 867,000 acres) of Collier County is protected in
conservation areas (Figure 2) and managed by private organizations and by local, state and
federal agencies. Collier County's Conservation Collier Program manages the 26.77-acre Wet
Woods Preserve. This natural area contains saltwater and freshwater marshes, mangrove forests,
and pine flatwoods. The wetlands buffer and protect the Wiggins Pass Estuarine System,
designated as an Outstanding Florida Water, and support two listed plant and animal species. The
uplands support an active Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nest and five listed plant and
animal species. Specific information on the wetlands and uplands found on the Wet Woods
Preserve may be found in section 2.3 (Natural Plant Communities) of this document.
1.5 Nearby Public Lands and Designated Water Resources
Currently, the closest preserved, natural area to Wet Woods Preserve is Railhead Scrub Preserve,
another Conservation Collier Program property approximately 0.69 miles to the northeast. Other
preserves, in order of increasing distance, are provided in Table 2. Figure 3 shows the locations
of these preserves.
Table 2: I)ublic Lands Located near the \Vet \Voods Preserve
'lame DistallCl' Direction Typ('
(miles)
Railhead Scrub Preserve 0.69 NE Conservation Collier
Delnor-Wiggins State Park 1.28 W State
Barefoot Beach Preserve 1.36 W/NW County
Cocohatchee Creek Preserve 1.70 SE Conservation Collier
Milano Property 5.81 SE Conservation Collier
Corkscrew Regional Ecosystem Watershed 9.00 N/NW State
ConsenJation Collier Program
9
Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Mana>!em'f!ngt'M'nof 85
Conservation Collier Preserves and Designated State
and Federal Land or Easements in Collier County
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ocohatchee Creek Prnerve
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Collier County Boundary
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Figure 2: Conservation Collier Preserves and Designated State and Federal Land or
Conservation Easements Existing in Collier County
Conservation Collier Program
10
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Aaenda Item No. 16E10
- May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manaf!em'fltllW!flnof 85
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Figure 3: Preserves and Protected Lands in the Vicinity of Wet Woods Preserve
Conservation Collier Program
11
Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manazem'flfltJt'Mnof 85
1.6 Public Involvement
Neighborhood involvernent will be sought through direct mailing notices for public meetings to
residents and businesses within the surrounding area and to owners of properties that border the
preserve; official public notices will be posted on the County website. Staff will seek to
coordinate management actions, such as exotic rernoval and prescribed fires with owners of
adjoining lands. Staff will also involve the North Naples Civic Association and the Boy and Girl
Scout groups from within the County. Additionally, volunteers will be sought from all contacts
listed above.
2.0 Natural Resources
2.1 Physiography
Wet Woods Preserve lies within the Floridian section of the Coastal Plain. The Coastal Plain
extends from New Jersey to Texas and was formed mainly from sedimentary rocks deposited in
marine environments (USGS 2004).
2.1.1 Topography and Geomorphology
The site is located in the Southwestern Slope region of the South Florida Water Management
District. According to the Bonita Springs, Florida USGS Topographic Map, the topography of
the area is relatively level with an average elevation of five feet above sea level and slopes gently
westward toward the Gulf of Mexico. Surface water percolates directly into the uncovered
ground or it collects in natural depressions and man made ponds on adjacent properties.
2.1.2 Geology
The geology of northern Collier County, where the Wet Woods Preserve is located, is
characterized by cornplex sequences of interbeded sands, clays, and limestone. Closest to the
surface is the Holocene aged Pamlico Sand Formation, approximately ten feet thick and
composed prirnarily of unconsolidated quartz sand and some silt. The Pamlico Sand
unconformably overlies the Pleistocene aged Fort Thompson and Caloosahatchee Formations,
which vary from a few feet to more than twenty feet in thickness and are characterized by shelly
and sandy limestone with vugs and solution cavities (Miller 1986).
Below the Fort Thompson and Caloosahatchee Formations are the Ochopee and Buckingham
Members of the Pliocene aged Tamiami Formation, which are at least 200 feet thick in the
surrounding areas (Oaks & Dunbar 1974). The Ochopee Limestone unconfOlmably overlies the
Buckingham Limestone and/or the equivalent Cape Coral Clay. This unconformity marks the
bottom of the surficial aquifer separating it from the brackish underlying aquifer below. Then
the Hawthorn Formation, rich in phosphate and other heavy minerals (Scott 1988), overlies the
Oligocene age Suwannee Limestone and Eocene age Ocala Limestone that form the Floridan
Aquifer System in Southwestern Florida. Figure 4 provides a current aerial view of the Wet
Woods Preserve.
~,
Conservation Collier Program
12
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manazem'flflfJ'FMnof 85
2.1.3 Soils
According to Liudahl et al. (1990), soils mapped at the Wet Woods Preserve include (in
descending order by extent) Durbin and Wulfert Mucks, Basinger Fine Sand, and Irnmokalee
Fine Sand (Figure 5).
Durbin and Wulfert Mucks are level, very poorly drained hydric soils that are found in tidal
mangrove swamps. They are very permeable and have a water capacity availability that is
moderate to high. The water table beneath the soils fluctuates with the tide and is within a depth
oftwelve inches for most of the year (Liudahl et al. 1990).
Basinger Fine Sand is a nearly level and poorly drained hydric soil. It is found in sloughs and
poorly defined drainage ways. Under natural conditions, the seasonal high water table is within
a depth of twelve inches for 3-6 months during most years. During the other months, the water
table is below a depth of twelve inches, and it recedes to a depth of more than forty inches during
extended dry periods. During periods of high rainfall, this soil is typically covered by shallow,
slow-moving water (Liudahl et al. 1990).
Immokalee Fine Sand is non-hydric, nearly level and poorly drained. It is typically found in pine
flatwoods. Under natural conditions, the seasonal high water table is at a depth of 6-18 inches
for 1-6 months during most years. During the other months, the water table is below a depth of
eighteen inches, and it recedes to a depth of more than forty inches during extended dry periods
(Liudahl et al. 1990).
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Agenda Item No. 16E10
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Wet Woods Preserve Land Manaf!em'f!flfJt'Mnof 85
'Vet\Voods Preserve 00154880008
Future Citizens Inc.
Figure 4: General View of the Wet Woods Preserve - Existing Conditions
~
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Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manal!emf!flfJ'1'frlnof 85
Conservation Collier:
Soils in Wet Woods Preserve
N 0 125 250 500 Feet
~! I I
-r
Data Source: Parcels. Collier County Property Appraiser ~
Soils: NftCS via SFWMD ~\... L-
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Wet Woods Preserve Soils
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Soils
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_ Hydric
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Agenda Item No, 16E 10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manarremf!ilfJ"Mnof 85
Figure 5: Soil Units at the Wet Woods Preserve
2.1.4 Hydrology/Water Management
Near the surface, the aquifer is highly permeable and the groundwater flows toward the west.
However, permeability decreases downward from a porous limestone into poorly indurated
sandstone cemented by micrite. The aquifer grades from freshwater downward into brackish
water due to the proxirnity of the Gulf of Mexico to the west and the brackish water in the
intermediate aquifer made prirnarily of Miocene aged sediments. Below that, the Hawthorne
formation typically marks the upper boundary of the Floridian aquifer, which is contained within
the underlying Oligocene age Suwannee Lirnestone (Lodge 2005).
Groundwater levels have gone down during the recent decades due to drainage on a regional
scale and water rnanagement for development purposes. This trend may be very difficult to
control and will gradually reduce the extent of the preserve that floods during the summer
months and reduce the period oftirne the preserve wetlands are flooded during the year.
2.2 Climate
The Wet Woods Preserve is located in an area of Florida where humid,subtropical and tropical
savanna climatic patterns overlap, with temperatures moderated by winds from the' Gulf of
Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Sharply delineated wet and dry seasons and average monthly
temperatures greater than 640 Fahrenheit characterize a tropicaL$avanna climate. Monthly
rainfalls may exceed ten inches during the wet season._ OnJhe other hand, humid subtropical
climates typically show less extreme rainfall fluctuations between wet and dry seasons and
average montWy temperatures is less t11an 64' Fahrenheit in some months.
The average annual temperature for the coastal portion of Collier County is approximately 750
Fahrenheit. The wannest months are usually July and August. The hurnidity is high during
these months but frequent afternoon thunderstorms prevent excessively high temperatures.
Two-thirds of the annual rainfall occurs in the wet season from May to October. Thunderstorms
are frequent during the wet season, occurring every two out of three days between June and
September. Rainfall records for the area indicate that there is'not significant variation in the
annual rainfall throughout much of the county; however, large variations often occur during a
single year. The hurricane season extends from June through November with peak activity
occurring in September and October when ocean temperatures are highest.
2.3 Natural Plant Communities
A plant community refers to the suite of plant species that form the natural vegetation of any
place. In addition to anthropogenic influence, the combination of factors such as geology,
topography, hydrology, underlying soils and climate determine the types of plants found in an
area. These plants, in turn deternline the animal species that may be found in an area.
The Florida Land Use, Land Cover Classification System (FLUCCS) notes two plant
communities on the preserve: mangrove swamps and pine flatwoods (Figure 6). A site visit by
Southern Biornes in September of 2003 revealed that the Wet Woods Preserve consists of
approximately 58% (c!o15.53 acres) wetland habitat and approximately 42% (c!ol1.24 acres)
Consel<'ation Collier Program 16
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May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manazemf!#fJ9Ntl1Jof 85
upland habitat. Collier County Staff noted that freshwater marshes and tidal marshes made up
portions of the wetland habitat. Therefore, the wetland habitats extant on the Wet Woods
Preserve consist of mangrove swamps, tidal marshes and freshwater marshes. The upland
habitat may be characterized as mesic pine flatwoods. Some of the transition zones between the
wetlands and uplands on the site have been invaded by non-indigenous species discussed in
section 2.6.
The vegetation classification scheme of the Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI) and the
Florida Department of Natural Resources (FDNR) (1990) are presented in table 3. This table is
based on the plant communities observed and mapped on the Wet Woods Preserve.
Table 3: Summary of :\atural Communities in the Wet Woods Preserve
FNAI Natural Glubal Stak Commcnts
Cummunit~ Typc Rank Rank
ManQ;rove Swarnos G3 S3 Also called Tidal Swamo
Tidal Marsh G4 S4 Also called Saltwater Marsh
Freshwater Marsh G4 S4
Pine Flatwood G4 S4 Also called Mesic Flatwood
G3: Either very rare and local throughout its range (21-100 occurrences or less than 10,000 individuals) or found
locally in a restricted range or vulnerable to extinction from other factors;
G4: Apparently secure globally (may be rare in part' ofrarge);
53: Imperlled in Florida;
54: Apparently secure in Florida (may be rare in parts ofrange).
COl1sen!ation Collier Program
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Agenda Item No. 16E 1 0
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manal!emfltltJ'FRfnof 85
Conservation Collier:
Land Cover! Land Use in Wet Woods Preserve
N
_l_,
1:
0.18 Source: Parcels and ZOOS Aerials - com.,. County Property Appraiser
PLUCCS: S(IlWMD Via Wilson MOl... (01) ~
Created By: AK..r1m\Conservatlon Collier rJ .. . L---,
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Created 11.05.07 \.-____------1
o
I
125
250
I
500 Feet
r
Land Coverl Land Use
D Wet Woods Preserve 00154880008
_ Upland Forest
c:J Wetlands E~l~{~I:S~!:.'!~
/-
Figure 6: Distribution of Main Natural Communities (based on SFWMD FLUCCS Codes)
in the Wet Woods Preserve
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Agenda Item No. 16E10
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Wet Woods Preserve Land Manai!em'flf1fJt'fdnof 85
2.3.1 Wetlands: Mangrove Swamps
Mangrove Swamps are also called tidal forests, tidal swamp forests, rnangrove communities, and
mangrove ecosysterns (FNAI & FDNR 1990). This plant community occurs in the central and
southern portions of the Wet Woods Preserve (Figure 6) and contains small areas of tidal marsh.
The mangrove swamps on the preserve are dominated by native canopy species including: red
mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) white mangrove
(Laguncularia racemosa) and buttonwood (Conocmpus erectus). Native midstory species
include: saltbush (Baccharis angustifolia) and indigo berry (Randia aculeata) while ground
cover species include: giant leather fern (Acrostichum danaeifolium) and black needle rush
(Juncus roemerianus). Durbin and Wulfert Mucks comprise the majority of the substrate for this
community on the Wet Woods Preserve.
True mangrove species are viviparous (i.e., "live birth" - in the case of mangroves, the seed
germinates within the fruit, producing within the plant an established seedling that then falls into
the sediments) and have some physiological degree of root modification (such as aerial roots) to
deal with saturated, saline soils (Tomlinson 1986). Based on these definitions, three species of
true rnangroves exist within the Wet Woods Preserve: red mangrove, black mangrove and white
mangrove. The buttonwood is often referred to as a "mangrove associate" because it is
associated with these species along the upland fringe of the mangrove ecosystem but it lacks root
rnodification and viviparity.
Mangroves are facultative
halophytes; they are able to grow in
freshwater environments but
because of their inability to compete
well with other flora found in
freshwater systems, they grow in
brackish waters. In addition to the
saline environments in which they
are found, the tidal fluctuation
enables mangroves to dominate
shorelines. Not only do the roots of
these tropical species protect
shorelines from erosion, they trap
sediments and recycle nutrients
from upland areas and tidal import.
This is part of the succession
process of island formation in south
Florida (FNAI & FDNR 1990).
Mangrove Swamp Just south of the Wet Woods Preserve,
Photo by Christal Segura,
Mangroves are valued for their high productivity and serve as important nursery and refuge areas
for a wide variety of terrestrial and aquatic organisms including: mammals, birds, reptiles, fish,
and invertebrates. Consequently, these forests are extremely important to the nutrient budgets of
adjoining estuaries and other coastal waters (Rey & Rutledge 2006). In fact, mangrove species
shed so many leaves and other plant parts that they can produce up to 80% of the total organic
material available in the aquatic food web (FNAI & FDNR 1990).
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2.3.2 Wetlands: Tidal Marsh
Tidal Marshes are interspersed
within the mangrove swamps of
the Wet Woods Preserve. Also
known as a saltmarsh, brackish
marsh, coastal wetland, coastal
marsh and tidal wetland (FNAI &
FDNR 1990), this plant community
thrives in areas of low wave energy
that are at least occasionally
inundated with salt water.
Herbaceous, salt-tolerant plants
characterize these rnarshes. The
saltmarshes within the Wet Woods
Preserve are dominated by sea oxy
daisy (Borrichia frutcscens),
Christmas berry (Lycium
carolinianum), black needle rush Tidal Marsh found in the Wet Woods Preserve, Photo by Christal Segura.
(Juncus roemerianus) and
cordgrass (Spartina spp.). Buttonwood is scattered among the herbaceous plants. Durbin and
Wulfert Mucks comprise the substrate for this community on the Wet Woods Preserve.
Just as in mangrove swamps, tidal fluctuation in tidal marsh communities is an extrernely
important ecological factor and makes this community one of the most biologically productive
systems on earth. A wide array of invertebrates and fish rely on these areas for parts or all of
their lives. A number of mammals, reptiles and avian species also rely on this plant community.
Additionally, tidal marshes are valued by humans for their ability to buffer storms and to filter
pollutants within them. While tidal marshes do not compose a large portion of the Wet Woods
Preserve, their pres~s an essential component to the landscape.
2.3.3 Wetlands: Freshwater Marsh
The freshwater marsh is the third type of wetland plant community found within the Wet Woods
Preserve. These marshes are scattered among the upland, pine flatwoods cornrnunity and may
therefore be referred to as flatwoods marshes. Saw grass (Cladium jamaicense), swamp lily
(Crinum americanum), giant leather fern (Acrostichum danaeifolium), and native wetland grasses
dominate the freshwater marshes; Basinger Fine Sand cornprises the substrate of these marshes
in the preserve. Pond apple (Annona glabra) was also detected within these marshes.
Like tidal rnarshes, freshwater marshes are wetlands dominated by herbaceous flora. In Florida,
these marshes are influenced by their subtropical location, fluctuating water levels, frequency
and intensity of fire, organic matter accumulation and hard water (Kushlan 1990). These factors,
combined with the dominant species found within a marsh, dictate the category within which the
marsh is placed. Six rnajor categories of freshwater marshes are recognized in Florida. The
marshes in the Wet Woods Preserve are within the "saw grass rnarsh" category. These marshes
usually have a moderate (flooded for 6-9 months) hydroperiod, a moderate (about once in ten
,,....-
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years) frequency of fire and moderate to high (< 1 meter to> I meter) accurnulation of organic
material (Kushlan 1990).
Many anirnal species may be found within or around the perimeter of marshes. Invertebrates
make up an important part of the food web and many avian species, especially wading birds, rely
on the invertebrates as a primary source of food. The freshwater marshes within the preserve
make-up a small portion of the total area but are valuable for the suite of species found there.
2.3.4 Uplands: Mesic Pine Flatwoods
Pine flatwoods are one of the rnost wide-ranging terrestrial plant communities in Florida and
consequently one of the most influenced by anthropogenic activities (Abrahamson & Hartnett
1990). Fire strongly influences the community structure and composition of these cornmunities.
The term pine flatwoods is a
general categorization of areas that
are dominated by various species of
pine (Pinus spp.) trees. Pine
flatwoods may be found in mesic
flatlands where the landscape is
rnade up of flat, moderately well
drained sandy substrates with a
mixture of organic material, often
with an underlying hard pan layer.
An open canopy forest of widely
spaced pine trees with little or no
understory but a dense ground
cover of herbs and shrubs
characterize natural, mesic
_,f1ill~90ds that havebeenDul'l1~.a--u _
regularly (FNAI & FDNR 1990).
The USDA Soil Conservation
Service classification system refers
to these areas as South Florida flatwoods. South Florida flatwoods are typically savannas, a type
of plant community intermediate between forest and grassland.
Mesic pine ftatwoods in the Wet Woods Preserve, Photo by Christal
Segura.
Mesic pine flatwoods are also called mesic flatwoods, pine savanna, cabbage palm savanna, and
pine barrens. On the Wet Woods Preserve, mesic pine flatwoods occupy the northern and
eastern portions of the property (Figure 6) and contain small areas of freshwater marshes.
Immokalee Fine Sand complises the majority of the substrate and Basinger Fine Sand is a minor
component of the flatwood areas on the preserve. Native canopy species in the mesic pine
flatwoods areas of the preserve are dominated by South Florida slash pine (Pinus elliotti val'.
densa) and cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto); native midstory species include: saw palmetto
(Serenoa repens), galberry (flex glabra), sumac (Rhus copa/linum), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera)
and rusty lyonia (Lyonia fruticosa.). Native grasses and herbaceous plants dominate the
understory.
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Agenda Item No. 16E10
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Wet Woods Preserve Land Manai!emf!fJtJt'Pdnof 85
Mesic f1atwoods provide essential forested habitat for a variety of wildlife species including
Neotropical rnigratory birds, wide-ranging large carnivores, mid-sized carnivores, ground-
nesting vertebrates, tree-cavity dependent species, tree-nesting species and non-aquatic plant life.
"At the current rate of habitat conversion, the mesic pine flatwoods, once the most abundant
upland habitat in South Florida, is in danger of becoming one of the rarest habitats in South
Florida" (USFWS 1999).
2.4 Native Plant and Animal Species
Mangrove swamps and rnesic flatwoods comprise the majority of the 26.77 acre Wet Woods
Preserve. Small pockets of tidal marshes and freshwater marshes are also located within the
preserve. This section discusses the flora and fauna found within and close to the preserve. The
next section (2.5) discusses all listed species in more detail.
2.4.1 Plant Species
To date, 132 plant species have been recorded at the preserve (Appendix 2). A comprehensive
plant survey was conducted in January 2008 by botanist Keith A. Bradley of the Institute of
Regional Conservation. Another will be conducted in late sumrner of 2008 and the final list will
be added to this plan. Of these 132 species, 110 (83%) are native to the site and 22 are exotic
(17%). Of the 22 exotic species, 13 are listed by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (12
Category I and I Category II).
2.4.2 Animal Species
Due to the dearth of specific surveys for the occurrence of animal species (in contrast to plants)
and the lack of on-site staffing, little is recorded for actual occurrences of animals at the Wet
Woods Preserve. Occurrences of fauna at the preserve are based on direct visual and aural
observations by staff during site visits or evidence of activity such as spoor, scat, or burrows, and
from the site information available in documents such as:
. the site's initial criteria screening report;
. the property's interim management plan;
. anecdotal information from persons with knowledge of the site.
Mamrnal species known to occur or individuals andlor evidence of activity directly observed
within the preserve include: Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), nine-banded armadillo
(Dasypus novemcinctus), marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris), and raccoon (Procyon lotor).
Reptile and amphibian species observed at the preserve include: brown anole (Anolis sagrei),
southern black racer (Coluber constrictor priapus), ring-necked snake (Diadophis punctatus),
box turtle (Terrapene carolina) and the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea).
Invertebrates observed include the following butterfly species: the gulf fritillary (Agraulis
vanillae), the white peacock (Anartia jatrophae), the zebra long wing (Helicon ius chari/onius),
and the cloudless sulphur (Phoebis sennae).
Several different bird species have been observed perching, foraging, or exhibiting nesting
behavior at the preserve (See Table 4).
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Tabl~ 4: Bird Sp~ci~s Rc~orded at th~ \\ ct Woods I'r~s~n ~
Common Nam~ Scicntific Namc Common Namc Scicntific Nam~
Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucul/atus Reddish Egret Ef!.retta ru{escens
Double-crested Phalacrocorax auritus Yellow-crowned Nyctanassa violacea
Cormorant NiQht Heron
Brown Pelican Pelecanus Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius
occidentalis
Red-shouldered Buteo lineatus Mourning Dove Zenaidura macroura
Hawk
Osprey Pandion heliaetus Red-bellied Melanelpes carolinus
W oodnecker
I Haliaeetus ,
I Bald Eagle leucocephalus Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor I
I
Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Gray Catbird : Dumetel/a
carolinensis
White Ibis Eudocimus albus Northern Mimus polyglottos
MockinQbird I
Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata
Great Egret Ardea alba Blue-gray Polioptila caerulea
Gnatcatcher
Snowy Egret Egretta thula Yellow-rumped Dendroica coronata
Warbler
! Little Blue Heron Ezretta caerulea Palm Warbler Dendroica valmarum I
Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis
Green Heron , Butorides striatus
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Agenda Item No. 16E 1 0
May 27, 2008
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The Florida Breeding Bird Atlas lists 44 bird species that have been recorded as confirmed,
probable, or possible breeding in the vicinity of the site (in the Bonita Springs USGS quadrangle;
Table 5). The Breeding Bird Atlas documents breeding distributions of all bird species in
Florida between 1986 and 1991. Some of these species may breed at the Wet Woods Preserve.
Table 5: Breeding Bird Species Recorded in the Bonita Springs Qnadrangle
in the Vicinit) ofthe Wet" oods Preserve
Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name
Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis Great Crested Myiarchus crinitus
Flycatcher
Green Heron Butorides virescens Gray Kingbird Tyrannus
dominicensis
Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata White-eyed Vireo Vireo zriseus
Osprey Pandion haliaetus Black-whiskered Vireo altiloquus
Vireo
Bald Eagle Haliaeetus Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata
leucocevhalus
Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii Florida Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma
coerulescens
Northern Bobwhite Colinus virzinianus Fish Crow Corvus ossifrazus
Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Purple Mm1in ProJ!.ne subis
Limpkin Aramus zuarauna Tufted Titmouse Baeolovhis bicolor
Killdeer Charadrius vociferus Carolina Wren Thryothorus
ludovicianus
Least Tern Sternula antillanan Blue-gray Polioptilia caerulea
Gnatcatcher
Rock Pigeon (Rock Columba livia Northern Mimus polyglottos
Dove) Mockingbird
Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufilm
Comrnon Ground- Columbina passerina European Starling Sturn us vulgaris
Dove
Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Common Geothlypis trichas
Yellowthroat
Barred Owl Strix varia Eastern Towhee Pipilo
ervthrovhthalmus
Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis
Chuck-will's-widow Caprimulgus Red-winged Agelaius phoeniceus
carolinensis Blackbird
Red-bellied Melanerpes carolinus Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna
Woodpecker
Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens Cornrnon Grackle Ouiscalus quiscula
Northern Flicker Colavtes auratus Boat-tailed Grackle Quiscalus major
Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus House Sparrow Passer domesticus
Source: Florida Breeding Bird Atlas, www.\vildflorida.org'bba
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Other wildlife species that have not yet been recorded undoubtedly occur at the Wet Woods
Preserve. During migration periods, transient bird species would be expected to utilize this area
for short periods of time. The developed character of the adjacent areas may inhibit transient use
by many mammal, reptile, and amphibian species, thus limiting the utilization of the preserve to
resident individuals or inhibiting the dispersal of many species to and from the preserve.
2.5 Listed Species
Official lists ofrare and endangered species are produced at the federal level by the United States
Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service and at the State level by the
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the Florida Department of Agriculture
and Consumer Services. FNAl produces a list of rare and endangered species, and maintains a
database of occurrences of these species in Florida. The Institute for Regional Conservation
(IRC) also ranks native plant species by conservation status in the IO-county area of South
Florida. The following subsections (2.5.1 and 2.5.2) discuss the listed, rare and protected plant
and animal species found within and close to the Wet Woods Preserve in detail.
2.5.1 Listed Plant Species
There are seven (7) listed plant species at Wet Woods Preserve that are listed by the Florida
Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), two (2) as Endangered, four (4) as
Threatened, and one (I) as Comrnercially Exploited. There are no species listed as Endangered
or Threatened by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service within Wet Woods. In total there
are seven (7) plant species listed by FDACS at Wet Woods Preserve (Table 6). A brief
description of these species and their status is included in the following paragraphs.
Table 6: U.ted Plant Species Detected at the Wet Woods Preserve
Scientific Name Common Name(s) State
Acrostichum aureum
LiUum catesbaei
Osmunda re aUs var. s ectabilis
Tillandsia balbisiana
Tillandsia fasciculata var. densis ica
Tillandsia flexuosa
Tillandsia utriculata
T
T
C
T
E
T
E
E: Endangered, T: Threatened, C: Commercially Exploited
Conservation Collier Program
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Cardinal Airplant
Photo by Rodger L. Hammer
Courtesy of the InsUtute for
Regional ConservaUon
Reflexed Wild Pine
Photo by Melissa E. Abdo
Courtesy of the Institute for
Regional Conservation
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
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Giant Wild Pine
Photo by Rodger Hammer
courtesy of Ihe Institute for
Regional Conservation website
The Reflexed wild pine (Tillandsia balbisiana) and the Banded
wild-pine (Tillandsia flexuosa) are also fairly cornmon epiphytes in
South Florida. Both species prefer moist forests and swamps and are
state listed as threatened. The reflexed wild pine
is equally well-adjusted to deep shade where
leaves grow long or to bright sunlight where they
are contorted and highly colored from gray-green
to blue-bronze or red. The banded wild pine
usually grows in the tops of trees in fairy sunny
situations. They can grow up to sixteen inches in
length, and are strongly recurved and twisted
( www,corkscrew.audubon.org),
Banded wild-pine
Photo courtesy of
www,corkscrew.auduboll,org
Even though the four species listed above are fairly common in the state they are listed due to
illegal collecting and the destruction of the habitats in which they are found. Additionally,
infestation by the introduced Mexican bromeliad weevil (Metamasius callizona) has been
implicated in the decline of many air plant populations around the state. Currently, there are no
control measures in place however, close research and monitoring is taking place.
The Cardinal Airplant, also known as the Common Wild Pine or
Stiff-leaved Wild Pine (Tillandsia fasciculata), is an epiphytic
bromeliad recognized by many common names and is listed as an
endangered plant by the State of Florida.
Wunderlin and Hansen reported this species
in 24 counties throughout Florida as of 2004
(Wunderlin & Hansen 2004). Like most of
the other bromeliads in Florida, this species
is often referred to as a "tank" bromeliad
because the leafaxils and central stems form
a "tank" or reservoir at the base of the plant.
These reservoirs capture and hold water,
dead and decaying plant matter (leaves,
seeds twigs, etc.), and dead and drowning
non-aquatic insects; these trapped items
provide nutrients for the plant (Larson et al.
2006). The Giant wild pine (Tillandsia
utriculata) is the largest epiphyte and is
relatively cornmon in hammocks and swamps in South Florida. It can
reach 12-30 inches in height and its flower spike rnay be more than six
feet in height. It is also listed by the State of Florida as endangered.
~-
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Golden Leather Fern (Acrostichum aureum)
This large fern grows in wet areas along the coast of Florida
in tidal swamps and marshes. The fronds can reach about six
feet long and can be as broad as it is tall. It prefers wet to
moist, poorly drained to inundated organic brackish soils. It
can be found in the wet, marshy areas in the Wet Woods
Preserve that surround the mangrove swamps.
Golden Leather Fern
Photo by Shirley Denton courtesy of the
Institute of Regional Conservation
Catesby's Lily (Lilium catesbael)
This herb is endemic to the U.S. southeastern coastal plain and is listed
as a threatened species in the State of Florida. It is found nearly
throughout Florida and has been recorded in 50 counties (Wunderlin &
Hansen 2004). In Collier County, it has only been recorded at Wet
Woods Preserve, Railhead Scrub Preserve, Big Cypress National
Preserve, Collier Seminole State Park, Florida Panther National
Wildlife Refuge, and Picayune Strand State Forest. Christal Segura and
Annisa Karim found it on the preserve on September 13, 2007. Christal
Segura also detected this species in two different locations on the
property in late September of 2007. All specimens were sighted in
mesic pine flatwoods areas of the Wet Woods Preserve.
Lilium catesbaei, an endemic lily
detected on the Wet Woods
Preserve,
- Photo by Christal Segura.
Royal Fern (Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis)
The royal fern can be found in the eastern US and throughout
Florida. It grows in swamps and similar moist to wet sites. It can
reach heights of up to six feet and grows with a thick creeping
rhizome. The roots can form a mass up to 60 cm tall. It is listed by
the State of Florida due to its commercial exploitation.
Photo by George D. Gann courtesy of
the Institute for Regional Conservation
Website
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Agenda Item No. 16E10
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Wet Woods Preserve Land Manal!emFlnfJ"Mhof 85
FNAI maintains a database of occurrences of rare, threatened, and endangered species in Florida.
An element is any exernplary or rare component of the natural environment, such as a species,
natural community, bird rookery, spring, sinkhole, cave, or other ecological feature. An element
occurrence is a single, extant habitat that sustains or otherwise contributes to the survival of a
population or a distinct, self-sustaining example of a particular element.
These elernent occurrence data are built into biodiversity matrices. Each matrix encompasses
one (1) square mile and includes all species and natural communities tracked by FNAI, including
all federal listed species. None of the plant species reported by FNAI have been detected within
the preserve. The golden leather fern (Acrostichum aureum) was documented within FNAI's
Biodiversity Matrix Unit 38350 and four (4) species were reported within FNAI's Biodiversity
Matrices 38350 and 38351 as likely (rare species likely to occur on the site based on suitable
habitat and/or known occurrences in the vicinity) including the nodding pineweed (Lechea
cemua) and pine-woods bluestem (Andropogon arctatus). Twelve (12) species were reported
within FNAI's Biodiversity Matrices 38350 and 38351 as potential occurrences (site lies within
the known or predicted raoge of species) including the many-flowered grass-pink (Calopogon
multiflorus) and the Celestial lily (Nemastylis floridana). Appendix 3 provides the FNAI
Managed Area Tracking Record and Element Occurrence Summary as well as the Biodiversity
Matrix Report. Global and state rankings are provided for each species as well as their federal
and state status.
2.5.2 Listed Animal Species
Listed wildlife species observed onsite or immediately adjacent include: wood stork (Mycteria
Americana), bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephaluo), brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) and
gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus).
The Wood stork (Mycteria americana)
This bird species, sighted on the property by Southern Biomes, Inc. in 2003 and by staff in 2007,
is listed as endangered by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and by the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Also known as the wood ibis or flint head, this species
is one of the largest wading birds found in Florida and the only stork in the United States. The
wood stork is a tactile feeder and rnay be found in fresh, brackish, and saltwater habitats.
Because of its dependence on naturally functioning hydrologic systems, the National Audubon
Society refers to this wading bird as the "barometer of the Everglades". For this reason, the
wood stork is an excellent environmental indicator of wetland health (Mazziotti 2002).
-,
The Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Currently, there is an active bald eagle nest in the northwest corner of the property. According
to Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, it has been active for many years
including 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2008. The nest is designated by the agencies as nest Co-
0001. In the 2006-2007 nesting season, the eagle pair built a new nest on the adjacent property to
the northeast and fledged three young. In late 2007, a pair was observed back on the Wet Woods
Preserve nest tree building up the nest; and the active nest was verified in February 2008. The
eagles were indeed nesting in the same nest tree again and two fledglings were observed. It is
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unknown if the new parking lot that was built on the adjacent lot had an
impact on where the pair chose to nest this year.
This species was reported within FNAJ's Biodiversity Matrices 38350
and 38351. On June 29, 2007, the Bald Eagle was officially delisted and
removed from the Endangered Species List in the lower 48 states.
However, according to the USFWS Division of Migratory Bird
Management, this bird of prey will continue to be protected by the Bald
and Golden Eagle Protection Act, the Lacey Act and the Migratory Bird
Treaty Act (See Appendix 4 for a fact sheet on remaining levels of
protection).
Juvenile Bald Eagle on the
Wet Woods Preserve Nest
Photo taken by:
R. L Caron on 3~23"08
Brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)
This bird - a species of Special Concern in Florida -
is a permanent resident of the coastal marine
environment from central North America southward
to northern South America. Brown Pelicans are
found in shallow, warm coastal marine and estuarine
waters, particularly on sheltered bays (Shields 2002).
These birds were observed just south of tbe site along
the mangrove edge and most likely frequent the canal
along the western boundary of the preserve.
Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)
Photo by Christal Segura
Gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) This
medium-sized, native land turtle is listed by the State
as a Threatened Species. Gopher tortoises are
typically found in dry, upland habitats including
scrub, xeric oak hammock, sandhills, and dry pine
flatwoods. Burrows are created for protection from
weather, fire, and predators; they also provide refugia
for more than 300 other species of animals. Active
burrows exist on the adjacent property to the north.
One burrow was observed in the pinel and in the
northwest corner of the preserve; however, it is
unknown if it is active or not. Now that the dense
Gopher tortoise (Gopherus po~vphemus)
exotics have been cut and treated on site, Photo by Valerie Chanier, URS
it is likely that tortoises may start to increase in numbers in the preserve and at least use the
preserve for foraging. In order to increase the use of the site by the tortoises, a prescribed burn
needs to be conducted to reduce the understory and to increase the amount of grasses and forbs.
Staff will work with the Division of Forestry staffto determine ifit would be safe to burn the site
due to its close proximity to the urban area and US 41. Additionally, staff will coordinate with
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the Future Citizens property owners to include them in any possible controlled burns and gopher
tortoise management.
Nine (9) species were reported within FNAI's Biodiversity Matrices 38350 and 38351 as likely
(rare species likely to occur on the site based on suitable habitat and/or known occurrences in the
vicinity) including: black-whiskered vireo (Vireo altiloquus) - a bird of conservation concern,
the mangrove fox squirrel (Sciurus niger avice/mia), and the gopher tortoise (Gopherus
polyphemus). Seventeen (17) species were reported within FNAI's Biodiversity Matrices 38350
and 38351 as potential occurrences (site lies within the known or predicted range of species)
including: the eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon couperi), the gopher frog (Rana capito), the
red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis), and the Florida bonneted bat (Eumpos
jloridanus). Appendix 3 provides the FNAI Managed Area Tracking Record and Element
Occurrence Summary as well as the Biodiversity Matrix Report. Global and state rankings are
provided for each species as well as their federal and state status.
2.6 Invasive, Non-native and Problem Species
In an ecological context, an invasive species is one that is aggressive in growth and expansion of
range and tends to dominate others; its establishment and dominance can cause widespread harm
to an ecological system by altering the species composition, susceptibility to fire and hydrology
of an area. Non-indigenous species (a.k.a. non-native species, exotic species) are those that have
been purposefully or accidentally introduced to an area outside their normal range. The
characteristics of some of these species (high rate of growth/reproduction, no natural predators,
easily dispersed, able to out-compete native species) make thern invasive. Some indigenous
species (a species whose natural range included Florida at the time of European contact circa
1500 AD or a species which has naturally expanded or changed its range to include Florida) may
also become invasive. Invasions by native and non-native species often follow an alteration to
ecosystern function, disruption of the food web, large scale fragmentation of an ecosystem and/or
disturbance (e.g., clearing, fire, drought, etc) of an area. While some native species may become
invasive, the establishment and dominance of non-native species is of particular concern.
The Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC) maintains a list of exotic plants that have been
documented to (I) have adverse effects on Florida's biodiversity and plant communities, (2)
cause habitat loss due to infestations and (3) impact endangered species via habitat loss and
alteration. To date, twenty-two invasive, non-indigenous plant species are known to occur
within Wet Woods Preserve. Although Florida does not have an official exotic, invasive animal
species list, at least 400 exotic fish and wildlife animal species have been reported in Florida, and
approximately 125 species are established. While only two invasive, non-indigenous animal
species have been documented within the preserve, other species also have a potential to occur in
Wet Woods and will be discussed in section 2.6.2.
2.6.11nvasive and Problem Plant Species
To date, twenty-two (22) introduced plant species have been found at the Wet Woods Preserve,
accounting for 17% of the plant species recorded there (Table 7). Twelve (12) of the twenty-two
exotic, invasive species are considered Category I exotic, invasive species by FLEPPC and one
,- (I) is listed as Category II. FLEPPC defines Category I plants as those that alter native plant
Conservation Collier Program 30
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communities by displacing native species, change community structures or ecological functions,
or hybridize with natives. Category II plants have increased in abundance or frequency but have
not yet altered Florida plant communities to the extent shown by Category I species. These
definitions do not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the
documented ecological damage caused (FLEPPC 2007).
Table 7: lmasive Plant Species at 'Vet Woods Preserve
H~EPPC
Scicntilic 1\amc Common Namcs Cate~or~
am
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
II
The most problematic exotic, invasive plant species at Wet Woods Preserve are melaleuca
(Melaleuca quinquenervia), Brazilian-pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius), downy rose myrtle
(Rhodomyrtus tomentosa ) and old world climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum). Downy rose
mYl1le is the most prevalent in the upland area in the northwest quadrant. Melaleuca and old
world climbing fern are the most dense in the southwestern quadrant, and Brazilian pepper is
present in all areas excluding the southwest quadrant. Approximately 15 acres of uplands and
non-mangrove wetlands are affected to a significant degree by exotic vegetation infestation.
In September 2007, all invasive species received initial treatment. The dense exotic vegetation
along the eastern boundary that is visible from U.S. 41 was cut, stumps treated and the debris
was removed. Because the remainder of the site is difficult to access, the remaining exotic
vegetation throughout the property was treated in place using foliar, basal bark or frill and girdle
herbicide treatment techniques. The majority of the exotics in the upland area in the northwest
quadrant were cut up into small pieces and the bases were treated with herbicide. The entire
removal project was funded by the DEP Bureau of Invasive Plant Management ($57,000).
Following initial treatment, contractors retumed to the site twice to retrcat the remaining exotics.
A contract will also be set up with a County approved contractor to start a maintenance treatment
program bi-annually. This will begin in late Spring 2008 or as soon as the bald eagle chicks
fledge and treatment will continue every six months for two years. Treatrnent will then occur
once a year in perpetuity.
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Under certain conditions, especially following soil disturbance or drainage, sorne native plant
species can become invasive. There are no native plant species at Wet Woods Preserve that are
currently a management problem on the site. Managernent actions may cause some species to
become problematic (see section 4.5.7).
2.6.2 Invasive and Problem Animal Species
Two (2) non-indigenous, invasive animal species have been documented on the preserve: red
imported fire ants and brown anoles. Based on the natural communities found within the
preserve, proximity to residential areas and geographic location, several more species (native and
non-native) have the potential to impact the Wet Woods Preserve to varying degrees. Brief
descriptions of documented and undocumented but potentially problernatic species are provided
in the following paragraphs.
Red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta): documented
within the Wet Woods Preserve
These social insects were introduced into the U.S. frorn Brazil
into either Mobile, Alabama or Pensacola, Florida between 1933
and 1945 (Collins & Scheffi'alm 2005) and have been detected in
the Wet Woods Preserve. Red imported fire ants (RIFA) have
been documented to cause harm to humans and wildlife as well
as economic harm (Stirnac & Alves 1994; Collins & Scheffrahn
2005; Willcox & Giuliano, 2006). RIFAs are omnivorous, but
they prefer insects as their prirnary food source (Willcox &
Guiliano 2006). RIF As have a number of impacts on wildlife; in
many areas, they have eliminated native ant populations through
competition and predation and have eradicated food sources
utilized by some wildlife species. Ground-nesting wildlife is especially susceptible to RIF As.
Within the Wet Woods Preserve, RIFAs have the potential to affect ground-nesting birds; small
marnmals; reptiles such as gopher tortoise, native lizard and snake species, and native
invertebrates (Willcox & Giuliano 2006). Additionally, members of the public that come into
contact with RIFAs may be harmed if stung. Many people have anaphylactic reactions to the
toxins released from RIF A stings.
~
Brown Anole (AnoUs sagrel): documented within the Wet Woods
Preserve
Also known as the Cuban anole, the brown anole is native to Cuba,
the Bahamas, and neighboring islands (Schwartz & Henderson 1991).
Like other anoles from the islands, this species is a small, tropical,
diurnal, arboreal, territorial, and insectivorous lizard (Campbell 2001).
The brown anole was first documented in the Florida Keys in the late
1800s (Lee 1985) and has since spread throughout Florida, into
Georgia and into two other southeastern states (Campbell 1996). The
brown anole is a habitat generalist and generally prefers the fairly
open areas of disturbed sites. In Florida; it feeds on a wide variety of
Solenopsis invicta, an invasive, non-
indigenous arthropod documented within the
Wet Woods Preserve. Photo courtesy of
the USDA,
Anolis sagrei, an invasive, exotic
reptiledocumenledinlheWetWoods
Preserve Photo courtesy of the
USGS.
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insects, amphipods, and isopods. Brown anoles also prey on other
small vertebrates including the hatchlings of the native green anole
(Anolis carolinensiis; Campbell 2000). Campbell (2000) showed
that, in the absence of the exotic brown anoles, native green anoles
occupy perches from ground to the canopy of vegetation. However,
in the presence of the exotic anole, native anoles move higher in
trees, occupying only the trunk and crown of trees. Dietary overlap
is high between both species, but the overall affects of the brown
anole on the green anole are still undetermined.
Anofis carolinensiis, an
indigenous reptile documented
in the Wet Woods Preserve
Photo courtesy of the USGS,
Coyote (Canis latrans): undocumented within the Wet Woods Preserve
Coyotes were introduced in very small numbers to Florida during the 1920's for sport hunting
with domestic dogs. This introduction did not lead to the establishment of coyote populations in
Florida. Concurrently, these canids expanded their range eastward across the United States and
Canada as a result of nonspecific needs in habitat and food, decreased competition from other
predators, large litter sizes and anthropogenic changes to the landscape. Since many species
naturally expand or change their horne ranges in response to climate and resource availability,
the coyote may be considered native to Florida. This crepuscular (active mostly at dawn and
dusk) species is elusive and may travel individually or in groups of two or three (Coates et al.
1998). Evidence of the presence of coyotes has been observed at the nearby Railhead Scrub
Preserve. Coyotes commonly enlarge burrows made by other animals such as armadillos or
gopher tortoises to use as dens or use dense vegetation for cover. Coyotes may have a negative
influence on indigenous wildlife as direct predators or as potential competitors with predators
that may occur at the preserve such as foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) or bobcats (lynx ru/us
floridanus); however, this species may prove beneficial in controlling potential problem species
such as feral cats.
Like the Cuban anole, the Cuban tree frog is native to Cuba, the
Bahamas, and neighboring islands. The first Cuban tree frogs
probably arrived in the Florida Keys as stowaways in shipping
crates originating from the Caribbean in the 1920's. Today, they
have established breeding populations as far north as Cedar Key on
Florida's Gulf Coast, Jacksonville on the Atlantic Coast, and
Gainesville in north-central Florida. These hylids are the largest
tree frog found in Florida and because of their ability to invade
natural areas and prey on native invertebrates and small vertebrates
(including native tree frogs) they are considered an invasive
species. Additionally, the tadpoles of this species inhibit the growth and development of the
tadpoles of the native southern toad (Bu(o terrestris) and green tree frog (Hyla cinerea). Cuban
tree frogs thrive in residential and natural areas such as pine forests, hardwood hammocks, and
swamps. In residential settings, they are most commonly found on and around homes and
buildings, and in gardens and landscape plants. They are known to get into transformer boxes
Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis): nndocumented within
the Wet Woods Preserve
Osteopilus septentrionalis, an invasive,
exotic reptile that has the potential to
occur at the Wet Woods Preserve.
Photocourlesy of the USGS.
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and electrical switches causing power outages (Johnson 2007). Due to the natural communities
that are found within the Wet Woods Preserve and its proximity to residential areas, this species
has the potential of occurring in the preserve.
Giant Marine Toad or Cane Toad (Bufo marillus): undocumented within the Preserve
The cane toad is a tropical species native to the Amazon basin in South America, and its range
extends through Central America to extreme southern Texas along the Rio Grande River. They
are used as a as a control agent for insects that damage sugarcane and consequently, are one of
the most introduced amphibian species in the world. In 1936, an attempt was made to introduce
this species into Palm Beach County, FL. This attempt failed as did two subsequent efforts.
Ironically, in 1955, an accidental release by an importer at the Miami International Airport in
Miami-Dade County, FL proved successful. They have since been deemed an invasive species
in Florida and are currently found in urban areas of south and central Florida, and are rapidly
expanding northward (Brandt & Mazziotti 2005). Many of this species' characteristics enable it
to do well in south Florida. Beetles, bees, ants, winged termites, crickets and bugs are a large
part of the diet of the adult marine toad. Additionally, they consume arthropods, mollusks, srnall
vertebrates, plant matter, pet food, carrion, household scraps, marine snails, smaller toads and
native frogs, small snakes, and even small mammals. Marine toads are prolific breeders and
females can lay tens of thousands of eggs in a single breeding season. They prefer forested areas
with semi permanent water
nearby (Churchill 2003).
The cane toad looks very
similar to the native,
southern toad, but there are
some distinct differences.
The most obvious
distinction is adult body
size (length of body not
counting the'legs):--AdulC
marine toads can reath--~. BufOmar[fJus, an invasive, exotic amphibian
I th f 6 9. 'h ----h'l'- -tnafnasllie potential to occur at the Wet Woods
eng S 0 - Inc es W 1 e Preserve. Photo courtesy of the USGS
the native southern toads
only reach a length of 3.6 inches. Like other true toads, both possess poisonous, parotid glands.
The parotid glands of the cane toad are angled downward behind their head to their shoulders.
The southern toad has a kidney-shaped parotid gland behind each eye positioned close to the
spine. The southern toad also possesses cranial crests that start between tile eyes and often end
in big knobs. While the parotid glands of all toads contain bufotoxins (poisonous, milky fluids
exuded as a defense mechanism), the chemicals released by the exotic, cane toad are much more
harmful to wildlife, pets and people (Brandt & Mazziotti 2005). Due to the natural communities
that are found within the Wet Woods Preserve and its proximity to residential areas, this species
has the potential of occurring within the preserve. Adjoining residents of the preserve should be
encouraged to keep pet food and water containers indoors or empty at night.
Buto terrestris, a native toad that looks similar
to the exotic, invasive cane toad. Photo
courtesy of the USGS.
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Feral domestic cat (Felis catus): undocumented within the Wet Woods Preserve
Domestic cats originated frorn an ancestral wild species, the European and African wildcat (Felis
silvestris). Hurnans facilitated the global distribution of cats due to their highly efficient
predatory skills. Egyptians took cats with them on shipping vessels to keep rodent populations
down, and they likely introduced domestic cats to Europe. Subsequently the expansion of the
Roman Empire and European missionary missions facilitated the spread of domestic cats into
Asia and beyond (Masterson 2007). Today, the impact of feral cats on wildlife is difficult to
quantify; however, literature (FFWCC 2001; Karim 2007; Masterson 2007) strongly indicates
that they are a significant factor in the mortality of srnall mammals, birds (including migratory
birds), reptiles, and amphibians in Florida. Because free-ranging cats often receive food from
humans, they may reach abnormally high numbers. An increase in the population of feral cats
may lead to increased predation rates on native wildlife. While no cats have yet been observed
on the Wet Woods Preserve, there exists a high probability of their future presence on the
preserve due to the proximity of Wet Woods to human residential areas. Adjoining residents of
the preserve should be encouraged to keep their cats indoors and staff should monitor the
preserve for the presence of feral cats.
Feral pig (Sus scrofa): undocumented within the Wet Woods Preserve
Hogs were first brought to Florida in the mid 1500's to provision settlements of early explorers.
Over the next four centuries, these animals were raised in semi-wild conditions and rounded up
only when needed. Their high rate of reproduction and their ability to adapt to Florida's natural
areas has led them to populate every county in the state. Today, Florida is second only to Texas
in its feral hog population (Giuliano & Tanner 2005a; 2005b). While feral pigs are able to
survive in a variety of habitats, they prefer large forested areas interspersed with marshes,
hammocks, ponds, and drainages; cover in the form of dense brush; and limited human
disturbance (Giuliano & Tanner 2005b). Dense cover is used as bedding areas and provides
protection from predators and hunters. Feral pigs are omnivorous, opportunistic feeders
consuming grasses, forbs, and woody plant sterns, roots, tubers, leaves, seeds, fruits, fungi, and a
variety of animals including worms, insects, crustaceans, mollusks, fish, small birds, mammals,
reptiles, amphibians, and carrion. Their propensity for digging for foods below the surface of the
ground (rooting) destabilizes the soil surface, resulting in erosion and exotic plant establishment.
Additionally, this behavior uproots or weakens native vegetation (Giuliano & Tanner 2005a;
2005b). Due to the natural communities that are found within the Wet Woods Preserve, this
species has the potential of occurring within the boundaries. As these animals are highly visible
outside of natural plant communities, adjoining residents of the preserve may be useful in the
early detection of this nuisance animal. Given the location of the preserve and its proximity to
residential areas, trapping would be the only viable solution if feral hogs were to invade Wet
Woods.
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3.0 Previous and Current Use of the Preserve; Adjacent Land Uses
3.1 Previous and Current Use
Aerial photography taken in 1944, 1953, 1962, 1975, 1985, 1994 and recent physical visits to the
site show that development has never occurred on the site. The photographs are available in the
public records and available at the Collier County Property Appraisers Office and online from
the State University System of Florida website (see Figure 7). A Phase I Environmental Site
Assessment was conducted on the site by ASCgeosciences dated May 25, 2005, before the
property was purchased by the Conservation Collier Program. This report revealed that no
evidence of recognized adverse environmental conditions exist on the property and is this report
is available as public county record.
Currently, there is no sanctioned public use of the site. The closest public road to the property is
US Hwy 41 (Tamiami Trail North). A drainage ditch running north and south is located on the
eastern edge of the property and separates the preserve from US H wy 41. This ditch makes the
preserve virtually inaccessible at this time from US 41.
3.2 Cultural, Historical and Archeological Resource Protection
The Wet Woods Preserve is not within an area of historical and archaeological probability, and
no historical or archaeological sites appear to be present on the property. The County will notify
the Division of Historical Resources irnmediately if evidence is found to suggest any
archaeological or historic resources are discovered. If such resources are identified on-site, staff
shall cordon off the area, and a professional survey and assessment shall be instituted. The
archaeologist shall prepare a report outlining results of the assessments and issue
recomrnendations to County staff about management of any sites discovered, per provisions of
the Land Development Code Section 2.2.25. This report shall be sent to the Division of
Historical Resources. The County shall cooperate fully with direction from the Division of
Historical Resources on the protection and managernent of archaeological and historical
resources. The rnanagement of these resources will cornply with the provisions of Chapter 267,
Florida Statutes, specifically Sections 267.0612 (a) and (h).
3.3 Adjacent Land Uses
The Wet Woods Preserve is adjacent to residential areas, undeveloped areas, commercial lands,
conservation easement lands, a canal, and a major thoroughfare- U.S. Highway 41 (Figure 8).
Two parcels are located along the northern boundary of the preserve. The Future Citizens, Inc.
parcel is located along the western portion of the northern border, while the Germain car
dealership lot is located along the eastern portion of the northern border. Both of these parcels
are mapped as pine flatwood areas. Currently, the Future Citizens, Inc. parcel is largely
undeveloped land used as a camping area for a number of youth organizations including girl
scouts and boy scouts. The most recent aerial images of the area show the Germain parcel as
undeveloped; however, this parcel was developed in 2007 into a paved parking lot and a small
conservation easement was preserved along the western boundary of the Germain property. A
drainage ditch running north and south is located along the eastern edge of the preserve property
/' and separates it frorn US H wy 41. Mangrove swamps, under conservation easements, are
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Agenda Item No, 16E1 0
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located along the southern border of the preserve and are owned by the Old Collier Golf Club.
The Cocohatchee Nature Center is located just south of the conservation easement lands. The
Gulf Harbor canal runs north and south is located along the western boundary of the property and
separates the preserve from the Gulf Harbor Moorings subdivision.
Figure 7: Historical Aerial Photographs courtesy of the State of Florida University System
of Florida web site
1944 aerial-
Land remained natural
wooded & undeveloped
1962 aerial -
Development started to occur
on the land surrounding the
preserve. Canal to the west
was constructed.
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Agenda Item No. 16E10
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'r~djacent Land Uses as ofDecel1lber 2007
Wet Woods Preserve 001S4880008
Future Citizens Inc.
Germain - parking lot
Cocohatchee Nature Centel'
Figure 8: Areas Contiguous to the Wet Woods Preserve
~
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3.4 Major Accomplishments during Previous Years
Since the acquisition of the Wet Woods Preserve in August 2005, key accomplishments have
been achieved (Table 8). The facilitation of a partnership between the Partners for Wildlife
Program (USFWS) and Future Citizens, Inc. for the rernoval and treatment of invasive, exotic
plant species on the Future Citizens, Inc. parcel furthered the relationship between Collier
County and the owners of this parcel while taking steps to eradicate the potential seed sources of
invasive, exotics frorn adjacent lands. Staff also facilitated a relationship between USFWS and
the Fire Department to help fund the exotic removal on a one-acre piece ofland embedded in the
northern portion of the Future Citizens Property. Staff will also work with the County
Stormwater Department to assist them in exotic removal on their properties that exist along
Wiggins-Pass Road including removal of exotics along a small creek flowing into the Future
Citizens Property (Figure 9).
Table 8: Ma.ior Accomplishments Since the Acquisition
of the 'Vet Woods Preserve
Accumplishmcnt
Ycar(s)
It. It
Oevelo ed an Informal Partnershi with Future Citizens, Inc.
Acquired grant from the Bureau ofInvasive Plant Management (BIPM)(FDEP)
for the initial rernoval and treatment of invasive exotic lant s ecies
Removed and treated the invasive exotic plants species from 14 acres of the
site- im lemented the BlPM Grant)
Facilitated a Partnership Between U. S. Fish and Wildlife, Future Citizens,
Inc., and the Collier County Fire Department for the Removal and Treatment
of Exotic Invasive Plant S ecies on ad'acenl ro erties to the north
Contracted Services of Keith Bradley for a Complete Plant Inventory
(First half of invento conducted Janua 2008)
2006
2007
2007
2008
Conservation Collier Program
39
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manal!ern~fitJt'Prmof 85
Exotic Removal Project Area
-::-,o..__.f.'
_~~!.?,i~!..~~_~
Figure 9: Exotic Removal Partnership Areas
Conservation Collier Program
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Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manai!ernr!flfJt'rtlnof 85
4.0 Future Use of the Wet Woods Preserve including
Management Issues, Goals and Objectives
This section describes the main management issues, goals, and objectives for Wet Woods
Preserve as well as the overall management framework. Central to the management of the
Preserve is the rnission of the Conservation Collier Program, and the goals and objectives set
forth in this managernent plan.
4.1 Management Plan Framework
Each property purchased by Conservation Collier shall have its own management plan. The
Conservation Collier Ordinance at the time the property was purchased required that an
"Interim" Management Plan be developed within 60 days of closing. Interim plans include basic
items such as removal of invasive exotics and trash, establishing site security, developing
management partnerships and planning for public access. The interim plan for this site was
officially approved in January 2006. The ordinance then requires a "Final" management plan
covering 10 years be developed within two years. Subsequently, the property management plan
must then be reviewed every five years. Final management plans, however, are considered living
documents and can be updated at any time. Review of all management plans start in the Lands
Evaluation and Management subcommittee and must be approved by both the Conservation
Collier Land Acquisition Advisory Committee (CCLAAC) and the Board of County
Commissioners (BCC).
4.1.1 Preserve Manager: Contact Information
The Site Manager for Wet Woods Preserve will be a designated Collier County Environmental
Specialist who may be contacted through electronic mail: ConservationCollier(roColliergov.net.
4.2 Planned Uses and Assessment of their Impacts
Future planned use will be consistent with the primary goals of conservation, preservation,
restoration and maintenance of the resource. Official public use of the site will not be possible
until safe public access trails can be created. However, citizens that desire to visit the site prior
to opening, can do so by signing a waiver which will allow them access at their own risk and
releases the liability of the County until safe access is established. Details of planned uses for
the Wet Woods Preserve and an assessment of their potential impacts are provided in the
following sections.
4.2.1 Identification of Public Uses Consistent with Preservation, Enhancement, Restoration,
Conservation and Maintenance of the Resources
The Conservation Collier Ordinance 2002-63 constrains the use of this property to "primary
objectives of managing and preserving natural resource values and providing appropriate natural
resource-based recreational & educational opportunities." Natural resource-based
recreation shall mean all forms of uses, which are consistent with the goals of this program, and
are compatible with the specific parcel. Such uses may include, but are not limited to: hiking,
nature photography, bird watching, kayaking, canoeing, swimming, hunting and fishing (Ord.
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Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land ManalZemfliltJ1'Mnof 85
No. 02-63, as amended~ 5, 12-3-02). Additionally, no dumping, use of unauthorized vehicles, or
removal or destruction of natural or historicallarchaeological resources will be permitted within
the preserve. The goal is to allow limited, non-destructive public access to native plant
communities and animal species. Currently, the preserve rules are those identified in Collier
County Ordinance 76-48 (available from www.rnunicode.com). as amended. An ordinance
specifically for "Preserves" is in the process of being drafted and is expected to be completed
and presented to the Board of County Commissioners for approval during 2008.
The following are consistent uses for this particular site: hiking, nature photography, bird
watching, kayaking I canoeing and fishing. Inconsistent uses include swimming, hunting and
off road vehicle use (ORY).
In addition, there are no existing easements, concessions, or leases at the Wet Woods Preserve.
In accordance with the management goals of the preserve, no future easements, concessions, or
leases are appropriate in association with this site, other than conservation related easements.
4.3 Desired Future Conditions
This section includes a description of the proposed future conditions for the site's natural areas.
Managernent techniques to achieve these conditions are outlined in section 4.4.
After managers complete recommended management actions, Wet Woods Preserve will consist
of mangrove forests interspersed with tidal marshes and mesic pine flatwood habitats
interspersed with freshwater marshes; these communities will have a sirnilar structure and
composition to those that existed before non-indigenous people settled the region and before the
exclusion of fire. With the exception of a hiking trail and possible boardwalk, the site will be
vegetated with appropriate native flora that will provide suitable cover for a variety of wildlife
specIes.
. Mangrove forests interspersed with tidal marshes will be comprised of native
canopy species such as red mangrove, black mangrove, white mangrove, and
buttonwood. Native rnidstory will include: saltbush while ground cover species will
include marsh elder, sea oxy daisy, Christmas berry, black needle rush, cordgrass,
giant leather fern, and swamp fern.
. Mesic pine flatwood habitats interspersed with freshwater marshes will be
comprised of native canopy species such as slash pine and cabbage palm. Native
midstory species will include: saw palmetto, galberry, surnac, wax myrtle, rusty
lyonia, and tarflower (Be[aria racemosa). The understory will be comprised of saw
grass, swamp lily, giant leather fern, umbrella sedge (Fuirena spp.), a wide variety of
grasses (Agrostis, Andropogon, Aristida, Dichanthelium, Eragrastis, and Panicum
spp., etc.), pawpaws (Asimina spp.), gopher apple (Licania michauxii), legumes
(Cassia, Crata/aria, Ga/actia, Rhynchosia, Tephrosia spp., etc.), rnilkworts (Po/yga/a
spp.), bluebenies (Vaccinium spp.), milkweeds (Asclepias spp.), composites (Aster,
Chrysopsis, Emilia, Eupatorium, Liatris, and Solidago spp., etc.) and native wetland
grasses that dominate the freshwater marshes (Distich lis spp. & Paspa/um spp.).
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'._--,..-~ -,
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manai!em'f!flfJ'I'Mnof 85
4.4 Goals for the 10 year period 2008-2018
A set of goals and objectives for Wet Woods Preserve were developed in conjunction with the
drafting of this Management Plan. The goals and objectives in this plan are tailored specifically
for Wet Woods Preserve based on the purposes for which the lands were acquired, the condition
of the resources present, and the management issues for the property. On-site managers should
be familiar with this entire Management Plan. Goals and objectives from the interim
management plan for the Wet Woods Preserve were reviewed to determine whether they should
be included in this plan. The goals and objectives presented here reflect programmatic goals and
ideas of Conservation Collier personnel in charge of managing and protecting the area. These
goals shall not be modified, but specific application of management techniques may take into
consideration input by user groups and other stakeholders from outside the program,
accommodating user needs and desires where practicable and where overarching management
goals are not violated.
Management issues are discussed below in separate sections. Within each section, approaches for
dealing with these issues are described. The ability to implement the specific goals and
objectives identified in this plan is dependent upon the availability of funding sources. The
following goals have been identified for Wet Woods Preserve:
Goal 1: Eliminate or significantly reduce human impacts to indigenous flora and fauna
Goal 2: Develop a baseline monitoring report
Goal 3: Remove or control populations of invasive, exotic or problematic flora and fauna to
restore and maintain natural habitats
Goal 4: Determine if prescribed fire andlor mechanical treatments are feasible to decrease
woody invasion resulting from past fire exclusion if so proceed
Goal 5: Restore native vegetation
Goal 6: Develop a plan for public use
Goal 7: Facilitate uses of the site for educational purposes and
Goal 8: Provide a plan for security and disaster preparedness
GOAL 1: ELIMINATE OR SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE HUMAN IMPACTS TO INDIGENOUS
FLORA AND FAUNA
Action Item 1.1 Develop a Memorandum of Understanding with Future Citizens, Inc.
organization for access to Wet Woods Preserve by groups visiting the Future Citizens,
Inc. parcel.
The Future Citizens, Inc. parcel is located along the western portion of the northern border of
the Wet Woods Preserve (Figure 8). Groups including children's groups often visit and camp
on their parcel. Under the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), access to the Wet
Woods Preserve could be granted to these groups after they have signed a land access request
and release form. This form will serve as a liability waiver and will specifically include
Conservation Collier Program
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Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manai!ernFlflfWM'nof 85
verbage to indemnify, release and discharge the CCLAAC, the Collier County Facilities
Managernent Department and the BCC, their officers, agents, and employees against and from
any and all liability, clairns, and right of action for the death, or injury to the signator or their
property. This MOD will also indemnify, release and discharge the above rnentioned parties
for any other type of damage, which may occur at any time arising out of the granting of this
request whether or not any such damages are due to alleged negligence of any agent,
employee or other worker ofthe Conservation Collier Land Acquisition Advisory Committee,
the Collier County Facilities Management Department or the Collier County Board of County
Commissioners and the County of Collier. Furthermore, the rules and regulations of the Wet
Woods Preserve will be included in the MOU. Finally, the MOD will contain information on
general preserve rules and regulations and information about specific listed or protected
species docurnented on the preserve. County legal staff will be involved in the approval of the
documents.
The Future Citizens property owners have also offered the program the use of their on site
bathroom facilities for school group and summer camper tours. They have also asked our
program to pursue the purchase of the one-acre fire department property to prevent it from
being developed. This would also open up more opportWlities for public access.
-
Action Item 1.2 Install a fence and access gate between Future Citizens, Inc. parcel and
Wet Woods Preserve.
A field fence, four feet in height, will be installed along this boundary. Additionally, a gate,
12 feet in width and four feet in height will be installed along the fence-line to allow access to
the Wet Woods Preserve by authorized County staff, groups visiting the Future Citizens, Inc.
parcel and the fire department.
Action Item 1.3 Install signs encouraging people to stay on any future public access
trails situated on the Wet Wood Preserve.
Action Item 1.4 Identify locations of rare and listed native plant species.
The location of these species will be identified using a global positioning system (GPS)
device and mapped to allow staff to monitor them. Public trails will be constructed to avoid
areas where rare and listed species exist.
Action Item 1.5 Enforce regulations prohibiting trash in or near the preserve.
Staff will monitor the trails on a regular basis and if excessive dumping or littering start to
occur, enforcement actions will be sought through the County Sheriff s Department.
Action Item 1.6 Identify actual and potential locations of resident animal life and take
steps such as locating visitor amenities away from animal nesting sites.
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Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Presen'e Land Manaf!em'f!fj[Jt'ltlnof 85
Action Item 1.7 Avoid non-target damage to native plants and animals, especially rare
species, during invasive exotic plant treatments.
From 2008 on, staff will prohibit the use of Imazapyr containing herbicides such as Arsenal.
This type of herbicide has potentially caused a great deal of non-target damage throughout the
state. Licensed County or State contractors will be monitored closely to ensure the proper
herbicide applications are being utilized while treating the site. Also, close attention will be
taken to look for Tillandsia sp. (listed in Table 6) that may be attached to invasive trees being
cut down or removed. Plants of these species should be relocated prior to removal. It may
also be desirable to relocate these species to a wetland area before a prescribed fire.
Action Item 1.8 Note and research all site development occurring adjacent to Wet
Woods Preserve to determine that the proper site development permits have been
obtained and that the site development complies with the permits.
Activities on adjacent lands may have an impact on the indigenous plant and animal life on
the Wet Woods Preserve. As such, all existing local, state, and federal regulations should be
strictly followed and enforced during any site development adjacent to the Preserve. It shall
be the responsibility of the developer to establish erosion control measures and vegetation
protection measures (i.e., protective fencing or barriers). If any site developer working in
areas adjacent to the preserve does not take the necessary control measures, construction shall
be immediately halted until control measures are put into place and mitigation and/or
remediation will be the sole responsibility of the developer.
GOAL 2: DEVELOP A BASELINE MONITORING REPORT
Action Item 2.1 Establish a long-term biological monitoring program and conduct
additional wildlife surveys.
Long-term management of the preserve should be based on biological data. Changes
following baseline conditions should be assessed as negative or positive, and management
strategies changed appropriately. This section discusses information needs and long-term
monitoring needs.
Keith Bradley from the Institute for Regional Conservation (IRe) has been contracted to
conduct a thorough floristic inventory of the Wet Woods Preserve. His findings along with
those of Conservation Collier staff will comprise the baseline floristic data on which future
actions will be based. The site should be inspected by Conservation Collier Staff at least twice
a year and thoroughly inventoried at regular intervals (ca. 5-10 years) to detect new invasions
(by natives or exotics) and extinctions. Areas undergoing extreme restoration should be
assessed more frequently. While some wildlife data has been collected, additional baseline
data should be collected, especially on invertebrates, small mammals, reptiles, and
amphibians. The site manager may contract this work out or enlist the assistance of local
educators to coordinate student research projects. Wildlife sampling, like plant sampling,
should take place at regular intervals (ca. 5-10 years) to detect long-term trends.
Currently, four (4) photo points have been established within upland portions of the preserve
(Figure 10). Locations of photo points have been recorded with a GPS and all photographs
Conservation Collier Program
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Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manaf!emfJfltJ~lIfnof 85
Photo Poil1t LI)CCl\ions Wet Woods ProselV1!
taken at these locations have been
taken at a standard height and angle
of view. During photo
documentations, one photo is taken
in each of the cardinal directions
(north, east, south and west) and a
360-degree panoramic photo is
taken. These photos will help to
monitor exotic removal and native
plant recruitment over time. If
necessary, more photo points will be
established to aid in management
decision activities.
Figure 10: Photo Point Locations Within Wet Woods Preserve
Staff will also attempt to work with the Florida Audubon and Florida Fish and Wildlife on
setting up an Eagle Camera. This will allow the County, all interested agencies, and Collier
County school children to remotely view the eagles nest. Grants could be sought to help to
cover the costs of the project as an educational and research based tool.
GOAL 3: REMOVE OR CONTROL POPULATIONS OF INVASIVE, EXOTIC OR
PROBLEMATIC FLORA AND FAUNA TO RESTORE AND MAINTAIN NATURAL HABITATS
Action Item 3.1 Acquire services of licensed and qualified contractor(s) for the removal
of invasive, exotic or problematic plant species.
The following (Table 9) describes recommended controls of the rnajority of the Category I,
invasive, exotics by Langeland and Stocker (200 I) as well as staffrecommendations. These
recommended control methods may be altered by site managers dependent on new
information and products available on the control of these species.
Table 9: Invasive, Exotic I'lant Species Control Plan
for the Wet Woods Preserve Categ{)r~ I species
Scientific Name Common Name(s) Description and Recommcndcd ControJ(s)"
Acacia Earleaf acacia Basal bark application of 10% Garlon 4 or cut-stump treatment
auricu/iformis with 50% Garlon 3A,
Ardisia elliptica Shoebutton ardesia Basal bark treatment with 10% Garlon 4 or cut stump
aoolieation of 50% Garlon 3A. Hand Dull seedlinos.
Basal bark treatment with 10% Garlon 4 is very effective, as is
a cut-stump treatment with 50% Garlon 3A Of 10% Garlon 4.
Casuarina When basal bark treatment is used on trees greater than 1 foot
equisetifo/ia Australian pine in diameter it may be necessalY to slough off loose bark in the
application area to prevent the bark from trapping the
herbicide. Broadcut or 4-6 Ib Velpar UL W may be used when
annronriate,
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Agenda Item No. 16E 10
May 27,2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manai!em'f!~fJ"Mhof 85
Usually found in aquatic habitats where only aquatic herbicides
should be used, Large corms make control really difficult.
Colocasia Wild taro Less than 2 feet tall resembles alligator flag and elephant ear.
esculenta Has a large tuberous root. Can manually dig up root and
remove from site or treat with foliar application 1-1.5% aquatic
elvohsate (Rodeo) with an aauatic aooroved surfactant
A basal stem application of Garlon 4 is recommended although
cut-stem treatments with 50% Garlon 3A or 10% Garlon 4 are
also effective. If bulbils are present on vines, a basal bark
treatment should be used because it will translocate into the
Dioscorea Air-potato bulbils. Collect bulbils from the ground and remove from site,
bulbifera Apply 10% Garlon 4 to stems emerging from tubers. Hand
pulling followed by treatment of re-sprouts has also been
effective. For foliar applications, use Garlon 1 %-2% 3A.
Several applications throughout the growing season may be
necessarY .
Ficus Basal bark application of 10% Garlon 4. Invade the interior
Laurel Fig and ensure herbicide doesn't come into contact with host tree
microcarpa or nlant.
The most senous natural area weed in Florida. Control
immediately upon sighting. Thoroughly spray foliage to wet
with 1.25% Garlon 4 (4 pt per acre), 0.6% Roundup Pro
Lygodium Old world climbing (maximum 5 pt/acre), 1.0%-3.0% Rodeo (maximum 7 pt per
microphyl/llm fern acre). Only Rodeo can be used if plants are growing in aquatic
site. Plants growing high into trees cut vines and treat lower
I portions. Do not apply when plants are under environmental
i stress. The Doodle cut method may also be used.
I For seedlings and saplings: (1) hand pull, being sure not to
break plant off of root system and remove or place in piles to
i help reduce ~1e chance that they will re-root or: (2) Treat with
foliar, 10"'-' volume spot application of 5% Rodeo. For mature
Melaleuca Melaleuca, Punk trees: (1) Fell large trees with chain saw leaving a level
quinquenervia tree, Paper bark surface, or fell small trees with machete and treat with triclopyr
or glyphosate products according to frill and girdle directions
! on SLN. Use aquatic versions where standing water is present.
i I Monitor for resprouting and retreat as necessm)'. (3) Mature
i , trees are verY difficult to control with foliar aoolications.
Rhodomyrtus Downy rose myrtle Basal bark application of I 0%~20% Garlon 4. i
tomentosa i
Cut-stump treatment with 50% Garlon 3A, 10% Garlon 4 or a
basal bark application of 10% Garlon 4. Foliar application of
Schinus Garlan 4, Garlan 3A, Roundup Pro, Roundup Super
terebinthifolius Brazilian pepper Concentrate, or Rodeo, according label directions may be used
where appropriate. Glyphosate products are less effective when
used alone in spring and early summer. Use Rodeo where
olants are grov.'inp in aquatic sites.
Java plum, i Mature trees may take up to 9 months to die. Cut-stump
Syzygium cumini I treatment with 50% Garlon 3A or 10% Garlon 4, or use a basal
Jambolan bark treatment with 10% Garlon 4.
In mesic pine f1atwoods, vines - particularly muscadine (Vi tis rotllndifolia) - may become
abundant after burns, mechanical treatments or exotic plant removal. This native vine, already
present in mesic f1atwoods in low densities, can become invasive after disturbances - forming
Conservation Collier Program
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Agenda Item No. 16E1 0
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manal!emf!f1fJt'flihof 85
dense colonies, killing hardwoods and palms, clirnbing into pines, and persisting for years.
Vilis sp. should be controlled with herbicides if its populations start to grow.
Action Item 3.2 Acquire services oflicensed or qualified contractor(s) for the removal of
invasive, exotic or problematic animal species.
To date, two (2) introduced animal species have been documented on the Wet Woods
Preserve, the RIF A and the brown anole. It is doubtful that the total eradication of these
species can be achieved. However, staff and/or contractors should take measures to remove
RIF A populations close to or on public access trails.
If feral cat colonies are found near the preserve, the elements that sustain the undesirable
population( s) should be identified and efforts made to ask property owners to eliminate them
(i.e., refuse bins, durnpsters, and supplementary feeding by humans). If any feral cats remain,
they will be trapped and taken to Collier County Domestic Animal Services.
If feral hog populations are found on the preserve, services of licensed or qualified
contractor( s) will be acquired to trap and remove these populations.
GOAL 4: UTILIZE PRESCRIBED FIRE AND/OR MECHANICAL TREATMENTS TO
DECREASE WOODY INVASION RESULTING FROM PAST FIRE EXCLUSION
Action Item 4.1 Develop a prescribed fire or mechanical treatment plan to mimic
natural fires within the Preserve.
Much of Collier County is comprised of plants that are dependent on fire to maintain species
composition and diversity. These species are the same ones that are prone to lightning strike
wildfires, and the controlled reduction of those fuels will prevent catastrophic wildfire
damage. Prescribed fires: reduce fuel loads and consequently decrease the threat of wildfires;
create open areas for wildlife to travel within; stimulate food and seed production; recycle
nutrients; alter the composition and density of forested areas; and aid in the control of invasive
plant species.
The structure and composition of the mesic pine jlatwood community is dependent on
periodic fires. Fire probably occurred every I to 8 years during pre-Columbian times. A
majority of the flora and fauna found within this cornmunity are adapted to periodic fires;
several species depend on fire for their continued existence. Without relatively frequent fires,
rnesic pine flatwoods succeed into hardwood-dominated forests whose closed canopy can
essentially eliminate herbaceous groundcover and shrubs. Additionally, the dense layer of
litter that accumulates on unburned sites can eliminate the reproduction of pine trees that
require a mineral soil substrate for proper germination (FFWCC 2002).
A partnership will be formed with the Department of Forestry's Region 4 Urban Fire
Mitigation Team to address the need for fire in Wet Woods Preserve. This team has been
integral in the development of ongoing bum plans at the nearby Railhead Scrub Preserve.
Fire is the ideal ecological tool for achieving a sustainable mesic pine flatwood community.
However, due to the proximity of the Wet Woods Preserve to residential and commercial
areas and the size of the parcel, alternate manual or mechanical treatments will be investigated
in lieu of rnanaging the lands through the use of fire.
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Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manai!emf!tlfJ~fdnof 85
As this land management plan is a working document, plans developed by Conservation
Collier Staff in partnership with the Region 4 Urban Fire Mitigation Team will be presented to
the Lands Evaluation and Management Subcommittee, as they are prepared.
Action Item 4.2 Delineate fire management and rescue access routes, and provide this
information to the police department and ernergency services.
Once a fire plan has been prepared, access routes to and within the preserve will be provided
to the police department and emergency services.
Action Item 4.3 Establish a system for notifying neighboring landowners in advance of
prescribed burns (via email, phone trees, etc.) and use this system before each possible
prescribed fire.
GOAL 5: RESTORE NATIVE VEGETATION
Action Item 5.1 Maintain a revised GIS map and description ofFNAI natnral
commnnities and disturbed areas on the property.
Maintaining updated maps will help to guide restoration efforts
Action Item 5.2 Plant native plaut species in their appropriate habitats
Periods following exotic removal and prescribed fire are essential to the recruitment of native
plants. If native plant recruitment is not sufficient from the surrounding, intact seed source,
efforts will be made to plant indigenous flora in appropriate habitats. Natural area restoration
of Wet Woods Preserve should include only site-specific native plant material that has been
determined to be non-problematic at the site and whenever possible, site-specific seed sources
should be utilized. In addition, hardwoods that may invade the natural areas (unforested
wetlands: freshwater marsh, tidal marsh) should not be planted.
GOAL 6: DEVELOP A PLAN FOR PUBLIC USE
Action Item 6.1 Develop access and required facilities for intended public uses
Staff will work closely with adjoining property owners to negotiate areas for the general
public to access the preserve. A parking lot is not planned to be constructed on the site due to
the amount of wetlands present. Three options are listed below that would facilitate public
access and use.
Option 1: A trail network access point could be created off of U.S. 41.
A trailhead into the preserve off of US 41 could be created. A few options have potential to
facilitate access from this area. The first is a footbridge connecting the sidewalk from US 41,
across the drainage ditch and into the preserve. This of access into the preserve would lead
citizens into a trail network that would start with an information kiosk and a raised boardwalk
Conservation Collier Program
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Agenda Item No. 16E1 0
May 27,2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manaf!emf!~[Jt'fli'nof 85
leading to a hiking trail through the upland area in the northwest comer. A bike rack will be
placed at the entrance to the trail-head off of US 41.
Figure II is based on FLUCCS and soil information from the South Florida Water
Management District. While this information is generally reliable, a site-specific wetland
survey will need to be done before the installation of any trail system. Permits from the
County, State and Federal Government would have to be obtained. The Wet Woods Preserve
contains uplands, jurisdictional wetlands, hydric soils and non-hydric soils (See Figure II).
The upland areas with non-hydric soils would be the first choice for a trail or a boardwalk.
Upland areas with hydric soils may accommodate a walking trail to provide visitors a view of
the wetland areas. A raised boardwalk over some wetland areas similar to the Corkscrew
Swamp Sanctuary may be appealing to many; however, this would also be the most
ecologically irnpactful and costly.
Potential access features are depicted in the conceptual level rnaster plan (Figure 12). The site
shall adhere to guidelines and standards set forth by the Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA) for the footbridge and the raised boardwalk. As permitting for each component of the
preserve goes forward, a review of ADA compliance should be done by the County. The
proposed raised boardwalk in the conceptual plan is approximately 550 ft-long and it would
follow existing trails and cleared areas previously infested with exotics to the extent possible.
The elevation of the boardwalk would allow for fluctuation of water levels within the upland
marshes and the movement of small anirnals. Additionally, the end of the boardwalk and the
beginning of the walking trail will include benches for wildlife viewing.
The proposed walking trail is approximately I, I 00 ft-long. Portions of this upland hiking trail
may have to be closed to public access during times of high water. The property also contains
one bald eagle nest, and any future trail system would have to take associated rules and
regulations (buffer zone, etc.) into account when designing and installing any public access
system. USFWS and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FFWCC) would
have to be consulted in regard to the bald eagle nest tree(s) in the vicinity. Any and all trails
must comply with the National Bald Eagle Management Guidelines. The following has been
taken from these guidelines:
"Category F. Non-motorized recreation and human entry (e.g., hiking, camping, fishing,
hunting, birdwatching, kayaking, canoeing). No buffer is necessary around nest sites
outside the breeding season. If the activity will be visible or highly audible from the nest,
maintain a 330-foot buffer during the breeding season, particularly where eagles are
unaccustomed to such activity. " (USFWS 2007)
To date, one bald eagle nest has been documented on the preserve; a 330-ft buffer will be
maintained around this nest. As the nest continues to be active, portions of the trail system
within a 330-ft buffer of the nest(s) will be cordoned off during breeding season. The
breeding season for these raptors in Florida is defined by the USFWS (2007) as September
through May.
An engineering firm would be contracted to plan the design and would be requested to do so
in the least irnpactful way possible. The consulting, planning and permitting would be very
expensive as well as the costs to build a boardwalk. This process will also be very time
consuming. It is estirnated that at least a year will be needed to complete the planning and
Conservation Collier Program 50
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manazern~ilfJt'kinof 85
permitting process. Grants will be applied for in the lag time to assist in the costs associated
with this option.
Attempts were made to possibly lease a few parking spots from the Germain dealership or
frorn a parking lot across of U.S. 41 however, the Collier County Planning Department had
confirmed that his would not be a legal option per County Land Development Code.
Conservation Collier: Soil and FLUCCS Designations - Wet Woods Preserve
Soils FLUCCS
.-----
r -
Soil Designations FLUCCS Designations
012"5250
I I
500 Feet
,
0125250
I I
500 Feet
,
.....\;...........Ji.t-...*
PP4 ~ ~ .. 4 t . l4 .
,i .. ;t. i .t ... ~_'J.i .t
. J:,.jJ..)~.,J:_~'~j,,',.1
~~:"l-'.!'- --, j.1-_~'. ,j;
I . .
J, .. ,4; * .ol;
. ~ 4 _.
.\:.t.t
"
Non-hydric SoilS
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Option 2: Develop a partnership with the Cocohatchee Nature Center for Canoe and
Kayak Access
The Cocohatchee Nature Center has expressed interest in partnering with the Conservation
Collier Program. The Nature Center is located immediately to the west of US 41, south of the
Wet Woods Preserve at 12345 Tamiami Trail N. (See Figure 8). Their lot has 22 parking spaces,
and the Nature Center has a parking agreement with the Pewter Mug Restaurant located directly
to the east of U.S. 41. The Pewter Mug property can accommodate parking for approximately 84
vehicles and allows Nature Center patrons to utilize their lot anytime before 4 prn everyday. A
walkway exists under the adjacent U.S. 41 bridge which connects the Pewter Mug property to
Conservation Collier Program
51
Agenda Item No. 16E 10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manazemf}flfJt'kfI1Pf 85
the Nature Center. The Nature Center rents out canoes and kayaks to citizens and tourists. Staff
will develop a working agreement with the Nature Center to assist citizens who wish to access
the preserve via canoe or kayak. The Nature Center would facilitate them by renting equipment,
and they would receive information about the preserve and the program and a brochure and map
on how to access the site from the center. The Nature Center is currently for sale however, so
the future owners will have to agree with the partnership as well.
There is one access point to the Wet Woods Preserve from the Nature Center (See Figure 13).
This area is only easily accessible at high tide. This access point would lead people into the
mangrove wetland area. Due to the sensitivity of the mangrove wetlands, no trailheads will be
constructed, people will be able to view the property from their kayaks or canoes only. There is a
great opportunity for bird-watching and nature photography while using this access option.
The public would also have the option of walking from the Nature Center to the boardwalk area
via the sidewalk on the west side of U.S. 41; however, this highway is very busy and this may
not be the safest option. There would be an approximate 0.4 mile walk to the boardwalk.
A kayak trail was initially proposed that would allow citizens to paddle up into the canal system
that exists around the Gulf Harbor Moorings Community, which would lead paddlers along the
western border of the preserve property. A public rneeting was held on March 20, 2008, and a
nurnber of citizens from the Gulf Harbor Moorings Community attended to give their concerns
with this option. The concerns expressed included safety issues such as there is only one way
out of their canal system and paddlers have almost been hit by boats on several occasions. The
canal is also very narrow and it is hard for them to navigate around paddlers who already use
their canal. Also, the amount of crime has already increased in their neighborhood and
encouraging additional paddlers to come in would increase the amount of people who would be
able to see into the back of their homes. One other legal issue discussed at this meeting that was
also verified by County staff is that the canal is tidally influenced which means that the State has
legal control over the water itself; however, because both banks are owned by the Gulf Harbor
Moorings Community, if anyone were to step off their watercraft onto either bank that the water
touches, they would be trespassing. The County may need to obtain an easement in order to
pursue any type of dock or haul out area off of this canal. The Lands Evaluation and
Management Subcommittee rnet on March 26, 2008 to discuss the results of the public meeting
and voted unanirnously not to pursue the paddling trail into the canal systern or for any type of
haul out area.
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Conservation Collier Program
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Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manai!em'@fifJf'flfnof 85
Wet Woods Preserve Canoe and Kayak Access Map
Figure 13: Wet Woods Canoe and Kayak Access Points
Conservation Collier Program
54
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manal!emr!flfJt'fiinof 85
Option 3: Create a partnership agreement to schedule tourslnature walks
An agreement could be created between Collier County and the Future Citizens Inc. property
owners that would allow Collier County staff to utilize their property to facilitate tours of the
Wet Woods Preserve. Citizens or school groups scheduled for tours could park on the Future
Citizens Property and could be lead by Collier County staff or designated volunteers to the
established trails on the preserve property. All tours would be scheduled to avoid any conflicts
with the Scout Program schedules. Tours would be scheduled during the week or during non-
camping season. Access waivers may be required in advance to eliminate any liability issues
concerning the Future Citizens Property use. The County Attorney's office will be consulted as
to the legality of this option. If access option #1 is developed then this option could be utilized
mainly for school groups. Staff will continue to maintain a working relationship with the owners
of the Future Citizens Property to keep all possible access options open.
Option 4: Acquire property from the County Stormwater Department to the northwest of
the Future Citizens property to facilitate additional public access or to build a parking lot.
Conservation Collier Staff will work together with the County Storm water Department to pursue
possibly purchasing a small single family lot (0.3 ac) at the south end of West Lane on the
western side. A small parking lot could be built here to facilitate access to the Wet Woods
Preserve and also possibly to the adjacent I3-acre Stormwater property that runs north and west
from there south of Wiggins-Pass Road (see Figure 9). If this were to occur, an access easernent
would have to be granted to Conservation Collier to traverse though a small portion of the
western side of the Future Citizens Property to access the Wet Woods Preserve.
GOAL 7: FACILITATE USES OF THE SITE FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES
Actions Item 7.1 Develop interpretive signage to educate preserve visitors.
Once a trail system is complete, site-specific signage will be developed to educate visitors on
plant identification and ecosystem information. Kiosks or large signs with a map of the trails
will be installed at each trailhead.
Action Item 7.2 Coordinate with Future Citizens Inc. to allow the children camping on
their site to access the Wet Woods Preserve for educational opportunities.
Conservation Collier staff will coordinate with the Future Citizens property owners to
encourage use of the preserve by children's groups that come to camp on their site such as
boy scouts, girl scouts and church groups. A fence will be installed by Conservation Collier
along the southern boundary of the Future Citizen's property to define the boundaries, to
protect the eagle's nest tree and to keep the public from entering the Future Citizens
Property. However, a gate will be placed in the middle to allow access into the preserve. A
small sign and brochures will be placed at the gate that will direct the children's groups to the
trail system and preserve rules will also be posted.
Conservation Collier Program
55
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27,2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manaf!emf!fltJf'fl:?nof 85
Action Item 7.3 Provide preserve brochures in rainproof box on site.
A brochure outlining the native plant cornmunities and wildlife present at the preserve will be
created by County staff and kept in rainproof boxes near the preserve entrances and also at
the Cochatchee Nature Center. These boxes will be inspected monthly by the Preserve
Manager and refilled as necessary.
GOAL 8: PROVIDE A PLAN FOR SECURiTY AND DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
Action Item 8.1 Discourage visitation to the park at night.
A sign designating park hours as dawn to dusk will be installed at the entrance to the
preserve and adjacent landowners will be given an emergency phone number if they detect
human activity on the preserve after hours. If problems arise, the Collier County Sheriffs
Office will be contacted to patrol the area and site on a routine basis.
Action Item 8.2 Enforce regulations prohibiting trash and landscape debris dumping in
or near the preserve.
Currently, there is no vehicular access and dumping is not a problem. Monthly inspections
will determine if dumping becomes a problem. Staff will work with the Collier County
Sheriffs Office to address dumping if it becomes a problem.
Action Item 8.3 Survey trees along the trail and the perimeter of the property annually
for damage
Staff will utilize the services of a certified arborist to determine diseased, weak, or damaged
treesllimbs surrounding the trails and kiosks that should be removed for safety reasons and
prior to hurricane season. This activity is intended to reduce the risk of visitor injury.
Action Item 8.4 Visit preserve within 48 hours after a storm event to assess damage.
Staff will take photos of damage and fill out appropriate Collier County Risk Management
Department forms. If damage is extensive, the preserve will be closed until public safety
hazards are cleared.
Action Item 8.5 Promptly clear storm debris from preserve.
If necessary, a Collier County emergency debris removal contractor will be contracted as soon
as possible after the storm to schedule clean-up. Removal of debris and damaged or downed
trees along the trail system may be needed. Downed trees and limbs that do not appear to be a
public safety hazard will be cleared at the discretion of the Preserve Manager. As much
hurricane debris as possible will be chipped and retained on-site - to be used as mulch for the
trail.
Conservation Collier Program
56
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27,2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manazem'fJRfJfPf/fnof 85
4.5 Establish an Operational Plan for the Wet Woods Preserve
This section provides management recommendations for operation of the Wet Woods Preserve.
It discusses maintenance and budgeting needs, the possibilities for contracting the restoration
activities, coordination, and other management issues.
4.5.1 Maintenance
The primary maintenance activities for the preserve will include control of dumping and littering
within and around the preserve and trail. Particularly important are the security rneasures to keep
intruders out and the fencing and signage in good conditions. Signs that effectively convey the
desired message provide an opportunity for increasing environmental education and awareness.
4.5.2 Estimated Annual Costs and Funding Sources
Preliminary budget estimates for Wet Woods Preserve include cost breakdowns associated with
resource restoration and management. The funding source identified for the restoration and
management activities is the Conservation Collier Program Management Trust Fund. Table 10
shows the activities planned for the next ten years and the initial and annual cost estimate of each
activity. Private conservation organizations may also provide funding for specific projects.
Funding already secured for management activities at Wet Woods Preserve includes a grant from
the state FDEP Bureau of Invasive Plant Management ($57,500) to conduct the initial exotic
removal and/or treatment. Additional grants will be sought to supplement existing management
funding to possibly fund trail and/or boardwalk construction and signage. Staff will also utilize
the Collier County Sheriffs Department weekenders program for certain labor projects and may
also separately involve the County Scout programs for trail creation and enhancement. Sheriffs
workers will be limited to the eastern two-thirds of the property along the trail system and right-
of-way, and will be kept out of the bald eagle nesting buffer area and especially in areas where
children may be present.
The budget in Table 10 represents the actual and unmet budgetary needs for managing the lands
and resources of the preserve. This budget was developed using data from Conservation Collier
and other cooperating entities, and is based on actual costs for land management activities,
equipment purchase and maintenance, and for development of fixed capital facilities. The
budget below considers available funding and is consistent with the direction necessary to
achieve the goals and objectives for Wet Woods Preserve.
Conservation Collier Program
57
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Agenda Item No. 16E 10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manai!emf!fjfJf'filnof 85
4.5.3 Potential for Contracting Restoration and Management Activities by Private Vendors
A significant number of Wet Woods Preserve management operations and restoration activities
can be considered for outsourcing. Restoration and management activities that can be considered
for outsourcing to private entities are listed in Table 11.
Table 11: Potential Contl'acting for Restoration and Management Activities
,\cth it~ Approved Conditional Re.iected
Prescribed fire and/ or mechanical treatment aoolication X
Minor fireline installation X
Fireline, fence, and trail maintenance X
Fence installation ,~"- , X
Plant and wildlife inventorv and monitoring X
Listed species maooing and needs assessrnent X
Restorelenhance encroachment and ruderal areas X
Reduce exotic species X
Literature develooment and orinting X
Interoretive signs develooment and installation X
Trail and boardwalk iristallation X
Law enforcement and oatrol X
Conservation Collier Program
60
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manal!emf!f1/'Jf'fdnof 85
5.0 Literature Cited
Abrahamson, W. G., and D. C Hartnett. 1990. Pine flatwoods and dry prairies. Pages 103-149
in R. L. Myers and 1. J. Ewel editors. Ecosystems of Florida. University of Central Florida
Press; Orlando, Florida.
Brandt, L. A. and F. 1. Mazziotti. 2005. Marine toads (Bufo marinus). University of Florida
Cooperative Extension Service Document WECI1. 4pp. University of Florida, UFIIFAS
Extension Digital Information Source (EDIS) Database. Available from
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/UW/UW04600.pdf (accessed November 2007).
Campbell, T. 2001. The brown anole. Institute for Biological Invaders: Invader of the Month.
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. Available from
http://invasions.bio.utk.edu/invaders/sagrei.html (accessed November 2007).
Campbell, T. S. 1996. Northern range expansion of the brown anole, Anolis sagrei, in Florida
and Georgia. Herp. Review 27:155-157.
Campbell, T. S. 2000. Analyses of the effects of an exotic lizard (Anolis sagrei) on a native
lizard (Anolis carolinensis) in Florida, using islands as experimental units. Ph.D.
Dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
Churchill, M. 2003. Giant marine toad (Bufo marin us) - Introduced Species Summary Project.
Columbia University, New York, NY. Available from
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/cerc/danoff-
burg/invasion _ bio/inv _spp _summlBufo _ marinus.html (accessed December 2007).
Coates, S. F., M. B. Main, J. J. Mullahey, 1. M. Schaefer, G. W. Tanner, M. E. Sunquist, and M.
D. Fanning. 1998. The coyote (Canis latrans): Florida's newest predator. University of
Florida Cooperative Extension Service Document WECI24. 5pp. University of Florida,
UFIIFAS Extension Digital Information Source (EDIS) Database. Available from
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/UW/UWl2700.pdf (accessed November 2007).
Collier County Environmental Services Department. January, 2006. Conservation Collier
Watkins-Jones Interim Management Plan
Collins, L. and R. H. Scheffrahn. 2005. Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren
(Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). 9pp. Featured Creatures from the
Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service
Document EENY -195. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
Available from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN352
Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC). 2007. List of Florida's invasive plant species.
Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Available from
http://www.fleppc.org/list/07list_ctrfld.pdf (accessed October 2007).
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FFWCC). 2001. Impacts of feral and free-
ranging domestic cats on wildlife in Florida. Tallahassee, FL. Available from
http://www.floridaconservation.org/viewing/articles/cat.pdf (accessed October 2007)
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FFWCC). 2002. A conceptual management
plan for Caravelle Ranch Wildlife Management Area: 2002 - 2007. Tallahassee, FL. 218
ConsenJation Collier Program
61
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Mana!i!emf!f#tJf'Rfnof 85
pp. Available frorn http://myfwc.comlwrna-
planningICMPICaravelle%20Ranch%20WMA/Caravelle%20Ranch%20CMP%202002-
2007.pdf (accessed Decernber 2007)
Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI) and Florida Department of Natural Resources (FDNR)
1990. Guide to the Natural Communities of Florida. Florida Natural Areas Inventory and
Florida Department of Natural Resources.
Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI). 2006. Managed Area Tracking Record and Element
Occurrence Summary for Trailhead Scrub Preserve. FNAI, Tallahassee, Florida.
Gann, G. D., K. A. Bradley, and S. W. Woodmansee. 2002. Rare Plants of South Florida: Their
History, Conservation, and Restoration. The Institute for Regional Conservation, Miami,
Florida.
Giuliano, W. M., and G. W. Tanner. 2005. Control and rnanagement of wild hogs in Florida,
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Publication WEC 192. 7pp. Florida
Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS),
University of Florida. Available from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/UW221 (accessed December
2007).
Giuliano, W. M., and G. W. Tanner. 2005. Ecology of wild hogs in Florida, Department of
Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Publication WEC 191. 7pp. Florida Cooperative
Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of
Florida. Available from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/UW220 (accessed December 2007).
Johnson, S. 2007. The Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) in Florida" Department of
Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Publication WEC218. 8pp. Florida Cooperative
Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IF AS), University of
Florida. Available from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edulUW259 (accessed December 2007)
Karim, A. 2007. Status and use of tropical hardwood hammocks and forested residential areas as
habitat for resident and Neotropical migratory birds in the Florida Keys. Master of Science
Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. 61 pp.
Kline, W. N. and J. G. Duquesne!. 1996. Management of invasive exotic plants with
herbicides in Florida. Down to Earth 51(2):22-28. http://www.fleppc.org/Misc/trtguide.pdf
Kushlan, J. A. 1990. Freshwater marshes. Pages 324-363 in R. L. Myers and J. J. Ewel editors.
Ecosystems of Florida. University of Central Florida Press; Orlando, Florida.
Langeland, K. A., and R. K. Stocker. 2001. Control of non-native plants in natural areas of
Florida. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service Document SP 242. 34pp.
University of Florida, UF/IFAS Extension Digital Information Source (EDIS) Database.
Available from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffilesIWGIWG20900.pdf (accessed December
2007).
Larson, B. C., J. H. Frank, G. M. Allen, M. B. Main. 2006. Florida's native bromeliads.
University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service Circular 1466. 10pp. University of
Florida, UFIIFAS Extension Digital Information Source (EDIS) Database. Available from
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/UW205 (accessed November 2007).
Conservation Collier Program
62
Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Mana!Zem~illl<Pmnof 85
Lee, 1. C. 1985. Anolis sagrei in Florida: Phenetics of a colonizing species 1. Meristic characters.
Copeia 1985:182-194.
Lodge, T. E. 2005. The Everglades handbook - Understanding the Ecosystem. 2nd edition.
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Luidahl, K., DJ. Belz, 1. Carey, R.W. Drew, S. Fisher, and R. Pate. 1990. Soil survey of Collier
County area Florida. USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service; Washington, D.C.
Masterson, 1. 2007. Felis catus. Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. Fort Pierce,
Florida. Available from http://www.sms.si.edu/IRLspec/Felis_catus.htm (accessed
November 2007).
Mazziotti, F. J. 2002. Wood Storks (Mvcteria americana). Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service document SSWISI2. 2pp. University
of Florida, UFIIFAS Extension Digital Information Source (EDlS) Database. Available
from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/UW065 (accessed Novernber 2007).
Miller J. A. 1986. Hydrogeologic Framework of the Floridan Aquifer System in Florida and in
parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina. United States Geological Survey
Professional Paper l403-B. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Oaks, R. Q. and 1. R. Dunbar. 1974. Post Miocene Stratigraphy of the Central and Southern
Atlantic Coastal Plain. Utah State University Press, Logan, Utah.
Odum, W. E. and C. C. Mcivor. 1990. Mangroves. Pages 517-548 in R. 1. Myers and J. 1. Ewel
editors. Ecosystems of Florida. University of Central Florida Press; Orlando, Florida.
Odum, W. E., C. C. Mcivor, and T. 1. Smith 111. 1982. The ecology of mangroves of South
Florida: a community profile. United States Fish and Wildlife Service Off. BioI. Servo
Technical Report OBS 81-24.
Rey,1. R., and C. R. Rutledge. 2006. Mangroves. Entomology and Nematology Department,
Florida Cooperative Extension Service document ENY-660 (INI95). 5pp. University of
Florida/IF AS, Extension Digital Information Source (EDlS) Database. Available frorn
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/inI95 (accessed October 2007).
Schwartz, A. and R. W. Henderson. 1991. Amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies:
descriptions, distributions, and natural history. University of Florida Press, Gainesville.
Scott, T. M. 1988. Lithostratigraphy of the Hawthorne Group (Miocene). Florida Geological
Survey Bulletin No. 59, Tallallassee, Florida.
Shields, M. 2002. Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis). The Birds of North America, No.
609 in A. Poole and F. Gill editors The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
Stimac J. 1., and S. B. Alves. 1994. Pest Management in the Subtropics: Biological Control A
Florida Perspective. (Rosen D, Bennett FD, Capinera JL, Ed.) pp. 353-380. Intercept
Limited, Andover, Hants SPlO I YG, UK.
State University System of Florida. 2004 Publication of Archival Library and Museum
materials. Aerial Photography of Florida. http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/digitallcollections/flap/
accesed January 2008.
Tomlinson, P. B. 1986. The botany of mangroves. Cambridge University Press, London.
Conservation Collier Program
63
Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manal!emf1~tJ~fiinof 85
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1999. Mesic pine flatwoods. South Florida
multi-species recovery plan - a species plan...an ecosystem approach. USFWS Southeast
Region, Cornpact Disk.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2007. National Bald Eagle Management
Guidelines. 23pp. Available from
http://www.fws.gov/pacific/eaglelNationalBaldEagleManagementGuidelines. pdf
United States Geological Survey (USGS). 1958. Bonita Springs, Florida 7.5Minute Series
Topographic Quadrangle.
URS. 2007. Railhead Scrub Preserve Land Management Plan: managed by Conservation
Collier Program Collier County, FL. June 2007 - March 2017.
Willcox, E. and W. M. Giuliano. 2006. Red Imported Fire Ants and Their Impacts on Wildlife.
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Publication WEC 207. Florida
Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IF AS),
University of Florida . Available http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/UW242
Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2004. Atlas of Florida vascular plants. [S.M. Landry and
K.N. Campbell (application development), Floirda Center for Community Design and
Research]. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa. Available
from http.ilwww.plantatlas.usf.edu/.
Conservation Collier Program
64
Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Presel1Je Land Manaf!ernf!iltJf'lUnof 85
Appendix 1. Legal Description of the Property
i~
~: 3871 PG: 3156
EXHIBIT "A"
PROPERTY IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: 00154880008
LEGAL DESCRIPTION:
COMMENCING AT THE EAST 1/4 CORNER OF SECTION 16,
TOWNSHIP 48 SOUTH, RANGE 25 EAST, COLLIER COUNTY,
FLORIDA: THENCE ALONG THE EAST AND WEST 1/4 LINE OF
SAID SECTION 16, SOUTH 88007'17" WEST, 3,14 FEET TO THE
INTERSECTION OF SAlb 1/4 LINE WITH THE TANGENT TO
THE CURVE OF THE EAST RIGHT-OF-WAY LINE OF U.S. 41
(SR-90-TAMAIMI TRAIL): THENCE ALONG SAID TANGENT AND
ALONG SAID EAST RIGHT-OF.WAY LINE, SOUTH 01000'30"
EAST, 1744.3 FEET; THENCE SOUTH 88059'30" WEST. 150 .0
FEET TO THE WEST RIGHT-OF-WAY LINE OF SAID U,S, 41
FOR A PLACE OF BEGINNING:
THENCE ALONG SAID WEST RIGHT-OF-WAY LINE
SOUTH 01000'30" EAST, 945.85 FEET TO THE SOUTH
LINE OF SAID SECTION 16; THENCE ALONG SAID
SOUTH LINE SOUTH 89013'26" WEST, 1238'.41 FEET TO
THE SOUTHEAST CORNER OF GULF HARBOR AS
RECORDED IN PLAT BOOK 4, PAGE 31 OF THE PUBLIC
RECORDS OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA: THENCE
ALONG THE EAST LINE OF SAID GULF HARBOR NORTH
00042'36" WEST, 940.84 FEET; THENCE NORTH 88059'30"
EAST, 1233.52 FEET TO THE PLACE OF BEGINNING
BEING PART OF THE SOUTHEAST 1/4 OF THE
SOUTHEAST 1/4 OF SAID SECTION 16, CONTAINING
26,77 ACRES MORE OR LESS
Conservation Collier Program
65
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land Manal!emFJfitJt'Rfnof 85
Appendix 2. Preliminary Floristic Inventory Conducted by Keith Bradley, Institute for
Regional Conservation January 29, 2008*
Sd,*.!i4i'$tL:;,?~i' ,":!:,J '$:, i! '" '4.
Acacia auricu/iformis
Acrostichum aureum
Acrostichum danae/folium
Aletris/utea
Andro n lomeratus var. fauco sis
Andre on lomeratus var urn/Ius
Annons labra
Ardisia emntlca
Arist/de be rich/ana
Asterbracai
Avicennis enninans
Baccharis anaustifolia
Baccharis lomeruliflora
Baco a mannieri
B/echnum serrulatum
Boehmeria cvlindrica
Sorrichia frutescens
Callies a americana
Geneva/is rosea
Ca he crus co bosus
Cess he filiformis
Casuarina eauisatifo/ie
ChiocoCC8 alba
Chiococca arvifo/ia
Clad/urn "amalcensa
Co/ccBsIs esculenta
Canoea s eree/us
Crinum americanum
Codon dsetvion
C rus odora/us
C rusretrorsus
Dae locten/um a8 tlum
Dalberrna eeasta lIum
Dichanthelium ens/folium var unciohvllum
Dichanfhelium orforicense
Dlchanfhelium striaosum var. labrescens
Dloscorea bulbifera
Drosera ca '/Jaris
Ecli ta rostrata
Eleocheris baldwinii
Era restls elliottii
Erechtites hieracifolia
Eri €Iron vemus
Euaenia axil/aris
Eu atorium C8 '/lifo/ium
Eustach s traea
Eufhamia caroliniaM
Ficus aurea
Ficus microca 8
Fimbris lis c mosa
Fimbris is snadicea
Had otis un/flora
H dmcot Ie verticil/ata
H ericum tetranetalum
J/ex cassine
/lex /abra
Juncus roemerianus
Lachnocaulon ance
Laauncularia racemosa
Li/ium catesbaei .
Limonium caro/inianum
LudwIDia ,.:eMns
L um caro/inianum
L odium micro hilum
L oniafruticosa
Ma nolia vi iniana
Men ifers. indica
Meis.leuca~enervia
Cdml'hOtt_tiame. ",-,,,, ';Ji!;.!f~:;
Earteaf acacia
Golden leather fern
Giant leather fem
Yellow colicroot
Purole bluestem
Common bush bluestem
Pond-a Ie
Shoe-button ardisia
Southern wire rass
Brace's aster
Black man rove
NarrowleavedMoundsel, Saltwater Falsewillow
SilverHn
Water h sso ,Herb-of- race
Swam fern, Toothed midsorus fern
Button.hem ,False nettle, Bo hem
Silver sea-oxe e-dals ,Bush seaside oxeve
American beau be
Beach-bean, BaVbean, Seaside 'ackbesn
Florida aintbrusn, Coastal lain chaffhead
Lovevine, Devil's ut
Australian-cine, Horsetail casuarina
Common snowbe ,Milkber
Pineland snOVllber
Saw rass. Jamaica swam saw rass
Wild taro, Dasheen. Coco- am
Buttonwood
Swam Ii! , Seven-sisters, Strine-lily
Bermuda rass
Fraorant f1atsed €I
Pinebarren f1atsed e
CrOVll's-foot rass. Durban crowfoot rass
Coinvlne
Cress witch rass
Hemlock witch rass
Glabrescent rounhhair witch rass
Common air-ootato
Pink sundew
False-dais
Baldwin's snikerush. road rass
E1Iiott's lnve rass
Fireweed, American burnweed
Earl whiteto fleabane
WI1 ite atooner
Do -fennel
Common fin e rass, Pinewoods finaerarass
Slender oidenrod
Stranaler fio, Golden fia
Laurelfi ,Indian laurel
Hurricane sed e, Hurricaneorass
Marshfimb
Clustered mille rSlne
Whorled marsh nn ort
Fou etal St John's-wort
Dahoon holl , Dahoon
Gallberrv, Inkber
Black needle rush, Needle rush, Black rush
Whitehead bo button
White mana rove
Catesb 's Lil
Saltmarsh-rosema ,Carolina sealavender
Cree in rimrosewillow
ChristmasbenV,'Carolina desertthom
Small-leaf c1imbin fern
Coastal lain sta erbush
Sweet-bav
Man 0
Punktree
Native
Introduced
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Introduced
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Introduced
Native
Native
Native
Introduced
Native
Native
lntroduced
Native
Native
Introduced
Native
Native
Native
Native
Introduced
Native
Nati'Je
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Introduced
Introduced
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Introduced
Native
Native
Introduced
Introduced
~t~.M,~,;~~(~11
laLfEPPC
I
Threatened
S3
Threatened
Conservation Collier Program
66
ScIei1tlfic'Name
Mikania scandans
Mollu 0 verticil/ata
Mvrica carifera
Na hrola is multiflora
OecaocJedas maculata
Osmunda ra aUs var. >Dactabilis
Panicum hemitomon
Panicum vir atum
Parthenocissus um uefolia
Persea alustris
Phlabodium aureum
Ph salis an ustifolia
Piloble his ri ida
Pinus elliottii vaL dense
Pluchea odorata
Pluchea rosea
Psi/otum nudum
Pleroeaulon ovcnostachvum
Plilimnium C8 IlIacaum
Quercus laurifolia
Quercus minima
Quercus umlla
Quercus vir in/ana
Randia aculeata
Raoanea ounctata
Rhabdadenia bifiora
Rhizo hora man Ie
Rhodom us tomentosa
Rhus cQIJa/linum
Rh ncho ora fascicularis
Sabal Imatto
Saliearnia oerenn/s
Sarcostemma clausum
Schinus terebinthifolius
Scleria ciliata
Serenoa reoans
S/dero Ion celastrinum
Siderox Ion salic/folium
Smilax auricuiata
Smilax bona-nox
Solida 0 stricta
SDartina oatens
$oermacoca veriicillata
S irodela 01 hiza
S ium cumin/
ThelvDteris kunthii
Tillands/a balbis/ana
Tillandsia fasciculata var. dens/s ica
Til/endsia flaxuosa
Tillendsia recurvata
Tillands/a usneoides
Tillands/a utriculata
Toxicodendron radicans
Trialochln striata
Urena lobata
Vaccinium m slnites
Varbesina virainica
Vilis rotundifolia
Vittaria lineata
X is ambi ua
Xvris brevifolia
X isellioNi!
X ris'u ical
Zauxina strataumatica
. observed by Conservation Collier staff in 2007
Agenda Item No, 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land ManalZemr!f1fJ;>fifhof 85
Common Names .<;;';" j;:;'-';>~.'i" :.j~:;05r;:,;
Climbin hem weed, Climbin hem vine
Indian-chickweed, Green ca etweed
Wax mvrtle, Southern Ba
Asian sword fern
African round orchid, Monk orchid
Ro Ifem
Maidencane
Switch rass
Vi inia-cree er, Woodbine
Swam ba
Golden pOlvoodv
Coastal roundche
Wild ann al
South Florida slash rne
Sweetscent
Ros cam horwaed
Whisk-fern
Blackroot
Mock bisho sweed, Herbwilliam
Laurel oak, Diamond oak
Dwarf live oak
Runnin oak
Vi inia live oak
White indi abe
Mvrsine, Colicwood
Man rove rubbervine, Man rovevine
Red man rove
Downv mvrtle, Rose m Ie
WinQed sumac
Fascicled Beaksed e
Cabba e aim
Perennialolasswort
Whitevine, White twinevine
Brazilian- e er
Frinaed nutrush
Saw palmetto
Saffron lurn
Wiliow-bustic, White bull
Earleat Qreenbrier
Saw reenbrier
Narrow-leaved oldenrod, Wand oldenrod
Marshhav cordarass, Saltmeadow cordorass
Shrubb false buttonweed
Common duckweed
Jambolan- lum, Java- lum
Southem shield fern
RefJexed wild~pine, Northern needleleaf
Stiff-ieaved wild- ine, Cardinal ai lant
Banded wild- ine, Twisted ai lant
Ball-moss
S anish-moss
Giant wild- ine, Giant air lant
Eastern oison-i
ArrowQrass
Caesarweed
Shin blueber
Frostweed, White crownbeard
Muscadine, Muscadine qrape
Shoestrin fern
Coastal lain ellowe ed rass
Shortleaf valloweved qrass
Elliott's lIowe ed rass
Richard's ellowe d rass
Soldier's orchid, Lawn orchid
Na'ttv.eStati.is
Native
Introduced
Native
Introduced
Introduced
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Introduced
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Introduced
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Introduced
Native
Introduced
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Introduced
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Introduced
Introduced
W";.:'kA"'<:$tate h/",:~, I'"", FNAlREPP..c
Commerciall Ex loited
Threatened
Endan ered
Threatened S3
Endanaered
Conservation Collier Program
67
Agenda Item No. 16E10
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land ManazernFJ!#fJf'f&of 85
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October 29, 2007
Christal Segura
Collier County Conservation Program
2201 Tamiami Trail Building W
Naples. FL 34112
Dear Ms. Segura,
Thank you for your request for information from the Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI). We have
compiled the following information for your project area,
Project:
Date Received:
Location:
Wet Woods Preserve
October 22,2007
Collier County
Element Occurrences
A search of our maps and database indicates that currently we have several Element Occurrences
mapped within the vicinity of the study area (see enclosed map and element occurrence table).
Please be advised that a lack of element occurrences in the FNAI databasl- .<;; not a sufficient
indication of the absence of rare or endangered species on a site.
The Element Occurrences data layer includes occummces of rare species and natural
communities. The map legend indicates that some element occurrences occur in the general
Vicinity of the label point. This may be due to lack of precision of the source data. or an element
that occurs over an extended area (such as a wide ranging species or large natural community).
For animals and plants, Element Occurrences generally refer to more than a casual sighting; they
usually indicate a viable popUlation ofihe species. Note that some element occurrences
represent historically documented observations which may no longer be extant.
Likely and Potential Rare Species
In addition to documented occurrences, other rare species and natural communities may be Identified
on or near the site based on habitat models and species range models (see enclosed Biodiversity
Matrix Report). These species should be taken into consideration in field surveys, land management,
and impact avoidance and mitigation.
FNAf habitat models indicate areas, which based on land cover type, offer suitable habitat for one
or more rare species that is known to occur in the vicinffy. HaMat models have been developed
for approximately 300 of the rarest species tracked by the Inventory, including all federally listed
species.
FNAI species range models indicate areas that are within the known or pf9dicted range of a
species, based on climate variables, soils, vegetation, and/or slope. Species range models have
been developed for approximately 340 species, including all federally listed species.
'TrachnfJ 'Rorid. , 'E,ioaYvmifJ
68
Conservation Collier Program
'-~-'"
Agenda Item No, 16E1O
May 27, 2008
Wet Woods Preserve Land ManazemfJflfJt%1nof 85
Christal Segura
Page 2
October 29, 2007
The FNAI Biodiversity Matrix Geodatabase compiles Documented. Likely, and Potentia! species and
natural communities for each square mile Matrix Unit statewide.
The Inventory always recommends that professionals familiar with Florida's flora and fauna should
conduct a Sile-specific survey to determine the current presence or absence of rare, threatened, or
endangered species.
Please visit www.fnai.orgltrackinglistcfm for county or statewide element occurrence distributions and
links to more element information.
The database maintained by the Florida Natural Areas Inventory is the single most comprehensive source
of information available on the locations of rare species and other significant ecological resources,
However, the data are not always based on comprehensive or site-specific field surveys. Therefore, this
information should not be regarded as a final statement on the biological resources of the sIte being
considered, nor should it be substituted for on-site surveys. Inventory data are deSigned for the purposes
of conservation planning and scientific research, and are not intended for use as the primary criteria for
regulatory decisions.
Information provided by this database may not be published without prior written notification to the Florida
Natural Areas Inventory. and the Inventory must be credited as an information source in these
publications, FNAf data may not be resoid for profit.
Thank you for your use of FNAI services Jf I can be of further assistance, please give me a call at (650)
224-8207
Sincerely,
~,#'~
Lindsay Horton
Data Services Coordinator
Enel
1'rach"'J 7'foritl. s 'Biodivmiiy
COllservation Collier Program
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INVENTORY Global State Federal Stat.
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Acrostichum aureum Golden Leather Fern G5 83 N LT
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Sterna antiIJarum Least Tern G4 83 N LT
Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich Tern G5 82 N N
Stylisma aMite Scrub Stylisma G3 83 N LE
Sty/isma abdita Scrub Stylisma G3 S3 N LE
Vireo altiloquus Black~whiskered Vireo G5 83 N N
Matrix Unit 10: 38351
Documented
Hafiaeetus /eucocephalus Bald Eagle G5 83 L T,POl LT
Oocumented~Historlc
Gopherus pOlyphemus Gopher Tortoise G3 83 N LS
Likely
Andropogon arctetus Pine-woods Bluestem G3 83 N LT
Aphe/ocoma coeru/escens Florida Scrub-jay G2 82 LT LT
Chamaesyce cumuJico/a Sand~dune Spurge G2 82 N LE
Dendroica discolor paludicola Florida Prairie Warbler G5T3 83 N N
Estuarine tidal swamp G5 54 N N
Gopherus polyphemus Gopher Tortoise G3 83 N L8
Gopherus polyphemus Gopher Tortoise G3 83 N L8
Gopherus polyphemus Gopher Tortoise G3 83 N L8
Gopherus polyphemus Gopher Tortoise G3 83 N L8
Gopherus polyphemus Gopher Tortoise G3 83 N LS
Lechea cemUB Nodding Pinweed G3 83 N L'f
Lechea cemUB Nodding Pinweed G3 83 N LT
Mycteria amen'cana Wood Stork G4 82 LE LE
Rynchops niger Black Skimmer G5 83 N L8
Sciurus niger avicennia Mangrove Fox Squirrel GST2 82 N LT
Scrub G2 82 N N
Scrub G2 82 N N
Sterna antillarum Least Tern G4 83 N LT
Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich Tern G5 82 N N
Definitions: Documented - Rere species end netural communities documented on or near this Site
Documented-HiSt!;mc - Rare spades Bno netural communities dacumenteO, but not obsefV9dlreported Within the last lIwnty years.
10 29 2007Pai,ti8f?al1titr:J___~I"'ID_..!ltletl.J/tktllttdoll1f;Qlt:StJIJ.~(1)I1 suitable habitat enlilor known occummcesin the vicinity
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"1018 Th"",.,,"18Ro.d rr:forida Nafurar ;t{reas 'Jnvenfo':'j
SuiteZOQ-C
Tallahassee. FL 32303
(850) 224-8207 Biodiversity Matrlx Report
(850) 681-9364 Fax
',' .. "i wwwJnsu:ug
-,,(LOII.WA,t AT
p"p. ~ e.A-S
INVENTORY Global State Federal State
Scientific Name Common Name Rank Rank Status Listin
styIisma abdita Scrub Stylisma G3 S3 N LE
Stylisma abdita Scrub Stylisma G3 53 N LE
Styllsma abdita Scrub Stylisma G3 S3 N LE
Vireo altiloquus Black.whiskered Vireo G5 53 N N
Potential from any/all selected units
Andropogon arctatus Pine-woods Blueslem G3 S3 N LT
Aphelocoma coerulescens Florida Scrub-jay G2 52 LT LT
Ardea herodias Decidenlslis Great White Heron G5T2 52 N N
Athena cuniculBria floridana Florida Burrowing 0W1 G4T3 S3 N LS
Ca/opogon multfflorus Many-flowered Grass~pjnk G2G3 S2S3 N LE
Crocodylus BCutus American Crocodile G2 S2 LT LE
Drymarchon couperi Eastern Indigo Snake G3 S3 LT LT
Elytraria caroliniansis var. angustifolia Narrow-leaved Carolina Scalystem G4T2 52 N N
Eragrostis pectinaceB var. tracyi Sanibel Lovegrass G5T1 S1 N LE
Eretmochelys imbricate Hawksbil1 G3 51 LE LE
Eumops floridanus Florida bonneted bat G1 51 N LE
Forestiera segregata var. pinetorum Florida Pinewood Privet G4T2 52 N N
Gymnopogon chapmanianus Chapman's Skeletongrass G3 53 N N
Heterodon simus Southem Hognose Snake G2 52 N N
Lachea cemua Nodding Pinweed G3 53 N LT
Lachea divaricate Pine Pinweed G2 S2 N LE
Linum carter! var. sma/Iii Carter's Large-flowered Flax G2T2 52 N LE
Mate/ea noridana Florida Spiny-pod G2 S2 N LE
Mesic flatwoods G4 S4 N N
Mustele frenata peninsu/aB Florida Long-tailed Weasel G5T3 S3 N N
NemastyJis floridana Celestial Lily G2 S2 N LE
Picoidas boreaiis Red-cockaded Woodpecker G3 S2 LE LS
pterogJossaspis ecristata Giant Orchid 82G3 S2 N LT
Puma conc%r coryi Florida Panther G5T1 51 LE LE
Rallus longirostris scottii Florida Clapper Rail G5T3? $3? N N
Rana capito Gopher Frog G3 S3 N L5
Rivulus marmoratus Mangrove Rivulus G3 S3 C LS
RostrtJemus sociabilis plumbeus Snail Kite 34G5T3C S2 LE LE
SceJoporus woodi Florida Scrub Lizard G3 53 N N
Trichechus manatus Manatee G2 S2 LE LE
Ursus americanus floridanus Florida Black Bear G5T2 52 N LT"
Definitions: Documented _ Rsre species and natural communities documented on or near this Site.
Documented-His/oric _ Rara speci9s and natural communitIes documented. but not obseNadlreported within tha last twenty yean;
10 29 20079bailltitJR./FhIJl~it/fiMlfl&MJ)fJIIJftitiel!t4iditll9d~r:lfIItt.~ suitabiehabitafandlorknownoccurrencesin theviGinity.
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F{orido .!va/ural Areas inventory Rank Explanalions
February, 2007
GLOBAL AND STATE RANKS
Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAl) defines an element as any rare or exemplary component of the
natural environment, such as a species, natural community, bird rookery, spring, sinkhole. cave, or other
ecological feature. FNAI assigns two ranks to each element found in Florida: the global rank, which is
based on an element's worldwide status, and the stale rank, which is based on the status of the element
within Florida. Element ranks are based on many factors, including estimated number of occurrences,
estimated abundance (for species and populations) or area (for natural communities), estimated number
of adequately protected occurrences, range, threats, and ecological fragility.
Gl
G2
G3
G4
G5
G#?
G#G#
G#T#
G'Q
G#T#Q
GH
GNA.
GNR
GNRTNR
GX
Gxe
GU
GLOBAL RANK DEFINITIONS
Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer oC{:urreoces or less than JOOO individuals) or
because of extreme vulnerability to extinction due to some oalUTll.I or man-made factor.
lmperiled globally because of rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or less than 3000 individualsJ or because ofvulnerabilit}'to
extinclion due to somenarural orman-made factor
Either very rllTeand local throughout ilsrange (21-100 occurrences orles~ than 10.0000 individuals) or fOWld locally
in arcstriaed range or vulnerable tu extinClion from other facLOTS.
Apparcnt.Jysec~gJobally(mayberareinparl5ofrange).
Demonstrably secure globally
Tentativcrank(e.g.,G2~)
Range of rank; insufficient data 10 IISsign specific global rank (c,g" G2G3)
Rank ofa l.!txonomic subgroup such lIS a ~ub''Pecies or variety; the G portion of the rank refers to the entire species
and the T portion refers to the speeifi,c subgroup: numbers have same definition as above (e_g.. G3TI)
Rank of questionable species - ranked as species but questionable who:ther it is species or subspecies; numbers have
same definition as above (e.g.,G2Q)
Sarneas above. but validity as subspecies or voriety is questioned
Of historical occurrence throughout its range, may be rediscovered (e.g., ivory-hilled woodpecker)
Ranking is not applicable because clemen! is nOla suitable target for conservation (e.g. as tor hybrid species)
Not yet ranked (lCmporary)
Neither the full species nor the taxonomic subgroup has yet been ranked (temporary)
Be1ievedtobeextinclthrollghoutrange
Extirpated from the v.ild but ~tilllrnown from captivity/euhivalion
Unrankabk Due to lack ofinfonnation, no rank or range can be assigned (e,g" GUTI).
ST ATE RANK DEFINITIONS
Definition parallels global element rank: substitute "5" for "G" in above global ranks, and "in Florida" for
"globally" in above global rank definitions.
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Florida Natural Arear Invenwry Rank Explanations
February, 2007
FEDERAL AND STATE LEGAL STATUSES (U.S. Fish and Wildlife SCn'ice - USFWS)
PROVIDED BY FNAI FOR INFORMATION ONLY.
For official definitions and lists of protected species, consult the relevant state or federal agency.
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS
Definitions derived from U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, Sec. 3. Note that the federal status given
by FNAI refers only to Florida populations and that federal status may differ elsewhere,
LE
LEXN
PE
LT
LT,PDL
PT
C
SAT
SC
N
Listed as Endangered Species in !:he List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of
the Endangered Species Act. Defined as any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or II significant
portion ofilS I'1lngc.
A non essential experimental population of II species otherwise Listed as an Endangered Species in the List of
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. LE,XN for Gros americana (Whooping crllne), Federally listed as
XN (Non essential experimental popularion) refers It} the Florida experimental population only. Federal listing
elsewhere for Grus americana is LE
Proposed for addition to the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants as Endangered Species.
Listed as Threatened Species, defined as any species which is likely to become an endllngered species within the
foreseeable future througbout all or a significant portioo ofils range.
Species cWTently listed Thre!ltened but has been proposed for delisting.
Proposed for listing as Threatened Species.
Candidate Species for addition to the list of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Phl1llS, Category I. Federal
Jistinll agencies have sufficient information on biological vulnerability lInd threats to suppon proposing to list the
species as En&ngered or Threarcned.
Threatened due to simillU"ity of appearance to a threatened species.
Species ofConcem, species is not currently listed but is of management concern to USFWS.
NO! currently listed, nor cummtly being considered for addition to the Lisl ofEndangereci and ThreateneJ Wildlife
and Plants.
FLORIDA LEGAL STATUSES (Florida Fish and Wildlife ConsenratioD Commission - FFWCCI
Florida Department of Agricultu~ and Consumer Services - FDACS)
Animals: DefInitions derived from "Florida's Endangered Species and Species of Special Concern,
Official Lists" published by Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission - FFWCC, I Augwt
1997, and subsequent updates.
LE Listed IlS EndangCl'ed Species by the FFWCC. Defined !IS a species. subspecies, or isolated population which is so
rare or depleted in number or so rt:~tricted in range ofhabilat due to any man-made or natural factors that it is in
immediate danger of extinction or extirpation from the !ltate, or which may auam such a status within the immediate
fu'=
LT Listed IlS Threatened Species by the FFWCC. Defined as II species, subspecies, or isolated population which is
acutely vulnerable to environmental alteration, declining in number al al1lpid rate, or whose range or habillll is
decreasing in area at II rapid rate and as a cooscquence is destined or very likely to become an cndllllgercdspecies
withintheforeseeablefutllre.
LT" Indicates that a species hIlS LT status only in selected portions of its range in Florida. LT" for Ursus americanus
floridanus (Florida black bear) indicates that LT status does not apply in Baker and Columbia counties and in the
Apalachicol11 National Forest. L T"" for Neovison vison pop. I (Southern mink, South Florida population) state listed
lIS Threatened refers 10 the Everglades population only (Note: ~-pecies formerly listed as MusteJa vison mink pop. 1.
Also, priorlylisted as MusteLa evergladcnsis).
LS Listed as Species of Special Concern by the I'FWCC, defined as a population which WlIITlUIts special protection,
recognition, or ronsideration because it has en inherent significant vulnerability to habitat modification,
'T rach"'J 'Ffori"" 1?ioliv""i6j
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Florida Na/ural Areas Inventory Rank Explanations
February, 2007
enviTonmentallllteratioD, humlll\ disturbance, or substantial human exploitation which, in the foreseeable future, may
result in its heooming a Ihreatened spccies.
LS* indicates that a species has LS status onI)' in selected portions ofil.> taI1ge in Florida LS* fOT Pandion hali~tl.ls
(Usprey) state lisled as LS (Species of Special Concern) in Monroe County only
PE Proposed for listing as Endangered.
PT l>roposed for1istinga~Threlltencd
PS Proposed for listing asa Spc"1.c:;ufSpo::cial Conc.ern.
N NOlcurrently listed,norcllITentlybeingconsidered for listing.
Plants: Definitions derived from Sections 581.011 and 581, J 85(2), Florida Stannes, and the Preservation
of Native Flora of Florida Act, 58-40,001. FNAl does not track all state-reguJated plant species; for a
complete list of state-regulated plant species. call Florida Division of Plant Industry, 352-372-3505 or
please visit: http://DOACS.State.FL.USIPI/lmageslRule05b.pdf
LE Listed as Endangered Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora ofF1otida Act. Defined as species of plants native to
the ~tate that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the sllI'rival of'.vhieh is unlikely if the causes ofa
decline in the number of plants continue. and includes all spedes determined to he endengL-red or threatencd
pursuant to the Federal Endangered Specie~ Act of 1973, as amended
PE Proposed by the FDACS for listing as Endangered Plants
LT Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Ac!. Defined as species native to the state
that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the ~ta1e, but which have not so decreased in such number as
to caose them 10 be endangered. L T" indicates that a species has LT status only in selected ponions of ilS range in
Florida.
PT Pmp()~ed by the FDACS for listing as Threatened PlanlS
N >JOIcurrently Iisted,nor currently being considered for listing.
1018 Thomasville Road
Suite 200-C
Tallahassee, FL 32303
(850) 224-8207
(850) 681-9364 Fax
www.fnal.org
FLORIDA
11 /\-tltf r/\-t Are/\-5
INVENTORY
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Appendix 4. Division of Migratory Bird Management Fact Sheet on Laws Protecting the
Bald Eagle
The Bald Eagle: Other Protection following
Delisting under the Endangered Species Act of 1973
November 5, 2004 draft (revised January 4, 2007)
The Bald and Golden
Eagle Protection Act
The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act will continue to
protect the bald eagle following deli sting under the
Endangered Species Act. Originally passed in 1940 to
protect bald eagles, the Eagle Act was amended in 1962 to
protect golden eagles as well, by prohibiting the take,
possession, sale, purchase, barter, offer to sell, purchase or
barter, transport, export or import, of any bald or golden
eagle, alive or dead, including any part, nest, or egg, unless
allowed by permit (16 U.S.C 668(a); 50 CFR 22). "Take"
includes pursue, shoot, shoot at, poison, wound, kill, capture,
trap, collect, molest or disturb (16 U.S.C. 668c;
50 CFR 22.3).
A violation of the Eagle Act can result in a fine of $100,000
or imprisonment for one year, or both, for a first offense. An
organization may be fined $200,000. Penalties increase for
additional offenses. A second violation is a felony and can
result in two years' imprisonment and a fine of up to
$250,000 for an individual- or $500,000 for an
organization. People who provide information leading to an
arrest and conviction are eligible for a reward of up to half of
the fine.
The Lacey Act
Congress originally passed the Lacey Act in 1900 to help
States protect resident species by making it a Federal
violation to transport illegally taken wildlife across State
lines. Later amending the law, Congress extended its
prohibitions to importing, exporting, selling, acquiring, or
purchasing fish, wildlife, or plants taken, possessed,
transported or sold in violation of U.S. or Indian law or State
orforeign law. Prohibitions of the Lacey Act (16 U.S.C.
3371-78) will continue to apply to the bald eagle including its
feathers, parts, nests, and eggs-as well as its products-
following deli sting under the Endangered Species Act. The
Lacey Act also prohibits making false records, labels, or
identification of shipped wildlife; importing injurious
species; and shipping fish or wildlife in an inhumane manner.
Penalties include a maximum of five years in prison and a
$250,000 fine for felony convictions, a maximum $10,000
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fine for civil violations, and a $250 fine for marking
violations. The maximum criminal fine for an organization is
$500,000. People who provide information leading to an
arrest, criminal conviction, civil penalty, or forfeiture of
property are eligible for a reward. Fish, wildlife, and plants
involved in violations are subject to forfeiture. Vessels,
vehicles, aircraft, and other equipment used to aid in
importing, exporting, transporting, selling. receiving,
acquiring, or purchasing fish or wildlife or plants in a
criminal violation are subject to forfeiture upon a felony
conviction involving commercialization.
The Migratory Bird
Treaty Act
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act is a Federal law that carries
out the United States' commitment to four international
conventions- with Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Russia. The
conventions protect migratory birds as an international
resource, The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S. C 703-
7J2) and its implementing regulations (50 CFR 21) provide
authority to conserve bird species such as the bald eagle,
even if Endangered Species Act protections are removed.
Except as allowed by permit (50 CFR 21.11), the Migratory
Bird Treaty Act makes it unlawful to pursue, hunt, take,
capture, kill, attempt to take, capture or kill, possess, offer for
sale, sell, offer to purchase, purchase, deliver for shipment,
ship, cause to be shipped, deliver for transportation.
transport, cause to be transported, carry or cause to be
carried, receive for shipment, or export any migratory bird-
including eggs, parts, and nests. In addition, the Act
authorizes and directs the Secretary of the Interior to
detennine if, and by what means, the take of migratory birds
should be allowed and to adopt regulations pennitting and
govel11ing take-for example, hunting seasons for ducks and
geese.
Penalties include a maximum of two years' imprisonment
and a $250,000 fine for a felony conviction and six months'
imprisonment and $15,000 fine for a misdemeanor
conviction. A commercial activity is a felony, just as is take
with intent to sell. Maximum fines are doubled for any
organization convicted of a felony violation.
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