Agenda 01/10/2012 Item #13A11/10/2012 Item 13.A.1.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Recommendation that the Board of County Commissioners, acting as the Airport Authority, adopts
the attached Airport Ground Vehicle Access Plan for the Immokalee Regional Airport.
OBJECTIVE: To approve a Ground Vehicle Access Plan for Immokalee Regional Airport.
CONSIDERATIONS: The Airport Authority's Administrative Code, adopted August 9, 2004, and
as amended May 8, 2006, states that the Authority shall adopt Rules and Regulations necessary
to govern the use of each of the three (3) airports in it Airport System.
Ordinance 2010 -10, Section Seven (7) (C), paragraph two (2), provides that the Authority may
adopt resolutions, rules and regulations that are necessary to conduct the business of the
Authority.
Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular 150/5210 -20, Ground Vehicle Operations on
Airports, paragraph three (3) a, states "Airport operators should establish procedures and
policies concerning vehicle access and vehicle operation on the airside of the Airport."
The attached Airport Ground Vehicle Access Plan is based upon researching other
municipalities' plans, and the proposed plan borrows heavily from Boulder City, Colorado's
plan.
FISCAL IMPACT: There is no fiscal impact associated with this Executive Summary.
GROWTH IMPACT: There is no growth impact associated with this Executive Summary.
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS: This item has been reviewed by the County Attorney's office, and is
legally sufficient for Board Action. A majority vote is required for approval. — STW
RECOMMENDATION: That the Board of County Commissioners, acting as the Airport
Authority, adopts the attached Ground Vehicle Access Plan for the Immokalee Regional Airport.
Prepared by Chris Curry, Executive Director, Collier County Airport Authority.
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1/10/2012 Item 13.A.1.
COLLIER COUNTY
Board of County Commissioners
Item Number: 13.A.1.
Item Summary: Recommendation that the Board of County Commissioners, acting as the
Airport Authority, adopts the attached Airport Ground Vehicle Access Plan for the Immokalee
Regional Airport.
Meeting Date: 1/10/2012
Prepared By
Name: BrueggemanDebra
Title: Operations Coordinator, Airport Authority
12/27/2011 3:33:35 PM
Submitted by
Title: Executive Director - Airport Authority,Airport Authority
Name: CurryChris
12/27/2011 3:33:36 PM
Approved By
Name: CurryChris
Title: Executive Director - Airport Authority,Airport Authority
Date: 12/29/2011 2:59:14 PM
Name: WilliamsSteven
Title: Assistant County Attomey,County Attorney
Date: 1/3/2012 11:44:03 AM
Name: GreenwaldRandy
Title: Management/Budget Analyst,Office of Management & B
Date: 1/3/2012 1:43:00 PM
Name: KlatzkowJeff
Title: County Attorney,
Date: 1/3/2012 1:51:56 PM
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Name: IsacksonMark
Title: Director -Corp Financial and Mgmt Svs,CMO
Date: 1/3/2012 2:06:50 PM
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1/10/2012 Item 13.A.1.
Airport Ground Vehicle
Operations Program
Immokalee Regional Airport
December 2011
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Airport Ground Vehicle Access Plan
Introduction
Why is a Vehicle Operations Program needed at our Airport?
It is important for the Immokalee Regional Airport (IMM) to develop a Ground Vehicle
Operations Program to inform the users and tenants of the Airport on safety, awareness, and
responsibility while driving on the Air Operations Area (AOA).
The Immokalee Regional Airport has a mixture of activities ranging from aerial crop spraying, to
heavy flight training activities and it is the responsibility of the Collier County Airport Authority
to maintain a safe operating environment for all Airport users. The Federal Aviation
Administration Advisory Circular 150/5210 -20 states, "Airport operators should establish
procedures and policies concerning vehicle access and vehicle operation on the airside of the
Airport." Past assessments by the Airport's insurance carrier strongly recommended a vehicle
operation program be developed to minimize potential hazards between aircraft and ground
vehicles.
Every year there are accidents and incidents involving aircraft, pedestrians, and ground vehicles
at airports that lead to property damage and injury which may be fatal. Ground vehicle operation
plans promote the safety of Airport users by helping identify authorized areas of vehicle
operation, outlining vehicle identification systems, addressing vehicle and operator requirements
and coordinating construction, maintenance, and emergency activities.
The information contained in this handbook is designed to acquaint you with the Airport's
policies and procedures for operating a ground vehicle at the Immokalee Regional Airport. The
information in this handbook will provide sufficient knowledge to operate a ground vehicle
within the secure, fenced -in areas of the Immokalee Airport.
The policies and procedures in this manual apply to all users of, and persons on any portion of
the Airport property owned or controlled by the Collier County Airport Authority. No persons
are exempt from Airport operating training requirements for operating a vehicle on the Airport
Movement Area. Tenant organizations and businesses shall be responsible for the dissemination
of, accessibility to, and compliance with these policies and procedures by their employees and
subtenants. The policies in this handbook are in addition to Federal Aviation Regulations and
applicable state and local ordinances and laws, which remain in full force and effect.
All persons operating a ground vehicle within the Air Operations Area (AOA) at the Immokalee
Regional Airport must display an Airport issued access permit unless they are under the direct
escort of a person with an Airport issued access permit.
Airfield Safety
The FAA defines a runway incursion as "any occurrence at an Airport involving an aircraft,
vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in loss of
separation with an aircraft taking off or intending to take off, landing or intending to land."
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Runway incursions are primarily caused by human error, unfamiliarity with the Airport, or loss
of situational awareness.
Runway incursions are caused by pilot deviations, or vehicle /pedestrian deviations. Regardless
of whom the incursions are attributed to, incursions occur, at the simplest level, because people
make mistakes. As the aviation industry continues to grow and aircraft and vehicles continue to
mix in increasingly congested environments, the potential for incursions increases and the
margin of safety decreases. We must all remain vigilant and be aware of potential factors that
increase risk (such as decreased visibility in bad weather). We must do all we can to keep
runway incursions and surface incidents from happening at our nations' airports. Together we
can make a difference in runway safety.
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Definitions
Accident — a collision between one aircraft or vehicle and another aircraft, vehicle, person, or
object which results in property damage, personal injury, or death.
Aircraft — a device that is used or intended to be used for flight in the air.
Aircraft Incident — an occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an
aircraft that affects or could affect the safety of operations.
Airport Employee — authorized personnel of all organizations, activities, and governmental
agencies located on or connected with the operation, maintenance, and servicing of the airport.
Airside — those areas of an airport that support aircraft activities.
Air Operations Area (AOA) — the portion of the Airport within the perimeter security fence
which encompasses the landing, takeoff, taxiing, and parking areas for aircraft.
Apron or Ramp — a defined area on an Airport or heliport intended to accommodate aircraft for
the purposes of parking, loading and unloading passengers or cargo, or refueling.
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) — radio frequency designed for the purpose of
carrying out airport advisory practices while operating to or from an airport without an operating
ATCT or when the tower is closed. The CTAF may be a UNICOM, MULTICOM, FSS, or tower
frequency and is identified in appropriate aeronautical publications. (See below for definitions of
UNICOM).
Fixed -Based Operator (FBO) — a person, firm, or organization engaged in a business that
provides a range of basic services to general aviation. Services may include the sale and
dispensing of fuel, line services, aircraft parking and tie -down, pilot and passenger facilities,
airframe and power plant maintenance, aircraft sales and rental, and pilot instruction.
Flight Service Station (FSS) — air traffic facilities that provide pilot briefings, en route
communications; search and rescue services; assist lost aircraft and aircraft in emergency
situations; relay air traffic control clearances; originate Notices to Airmen; broadcast aviation
weather and National Airspace Systems information; receive and process instrumental flight
rules flight plans; and monitor NAVAIDS. In addition, at selected locations, FSSs provide En
Route Flight Advisory Service (Flight Watch), Take weather observations, issue airport
advisories, and advise Customs and Immigration of transporter flights.
Foreign Object Debris (FOD) — debris that can cause damage to aircraft engines, tires, or skin
from rocks, trash, or the actual debris found on runways, taxiways, and aprons. FOD is
everyone's responsibility. If you see FOD, pick it up.
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General Aviation (GA) — A term that includes all aviation except commercial airlines and
military aviation. This includes pleasure aircraft, business (corporate) aircraft, air taxi operators,
crop dusting, highway patrol aircraft, sports and instructional flying.
Ground Vehicle — all conveyances, except aircraft, used on the ground to transport persons,
cargo, fuel, or equipment (see also vehicle).
Helipad - a small, designated area, usually with a prepared surface, on a heliport, or airport used
for takeoff, landings, or parking of helicopters.
Incursion — any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the
ground that creates a collision hazard or results in loss separation with an aircraft taking off,
intending to take off, landing or intending to land.
Propeller Wash — thrust stream turbulence.
Law Enforcement Officer (LEO) — any person vested with police power of arresting under
Federal, state, county, or city authority and identifiable by uniform badge, and other indication of
authority.
Mobile Fueler — a vehicle owned or operated by authorized agents to pump and dispense Jet A
and 100LL fuel at the Immokalee Regional Airport. This may include fuel tankers, in -to plane
fueling pumpers, and hydrant carts.
Movement Area (MA) or Airport Movement Area (AMA) — the runways, taxiways, and other
areas of an airport that aircraft use for taxiing, takeoff, and landing. The AMA at IMM also
includes the Aerial Applicator staging pad area.
Navigational Aid — any visual or electronic device, airborne or on the surface, which provides
point -to -point guidance information or position data to aircraft in flight.
Operator — any person who is in actual physical control of an aircraft or motor vehicle.
Owner — a person who holds the legal title of an aircraft or motor vehicle.
Reckless or Careless Manner — to act in a way that intentionally or through negligence threaten
the life or safety of any person or threatens damage or destruction of property.
Restricted Areas — areas of the Airport posted to prohibit or limit entry or access by the general
Public.
Runway — a rectangular area on a land airport prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft
along its length.
Runway in Use or Active Runway — any runway or runways currently being used for takeoff or
landing. When multiple runways are used, they are all considered active runways.
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Runway Safety Area — a defined surface surrounding the runway prepared or suitable for
reducing the risk of damage to airplanes in the event of an undershoot, overshoot, or excursion
from the runway.
Surface Incident — any event where unauthorized or unapproved movement occurs within the
movement area or an occurrence in the movement area associated with the operation of an
aircraft that affects or could affect the safety of flight.
Taxi — the movement of an airplane under its own power on the surface of an airport.
Taxilane — The portion of the aircraft parking area used for access between taxiways and aircraft
parking positions.
Taxiways — those parts of the airside designated for the surface maneuvering of aircraft to and
from the runways and aircraft parking areas.
Tie Down Area — an area used for securing aircraft to the ground.
Uncontrolled Airport — an airport without an operating airport traffic control tower or when the
airport traffic control tower is not operating.
UNICOM — a non - Federal communication facility that may provide airport information at
certain airports. Locations and frequencies of UNICOMs are shown on aeronautical charts and
publications.
Vehicle — is any means in or by which someone travels in; this can include, but not limited to the
following: car, truck, refueler, bicycle, motorcycle, moped, or golf cart.
Visibility — the ability, as determined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of
distance, to see and identify prominent unlighted objects by day and prominent lighted objects by
night. Visibility is reported as statute miles, hundreds of feet or meters.
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Airport Familiarization
Airfield Diagram
1/10/2012 Item 13.A.1.
In the back of this handbook is an airfield diagram showing the layout of the Immokalee
Regional Airport and the Airport Movement Area. The map depicts the runways, taxiways, apron
designations, and location of major facilities, such as Fletcher Flying Services, Immokalee
Regional Raceway, and the Collier County Airport Authority FBO. It also delineates the
boundaries of the Air Operations Area (AOA) and Airport Movement Areas (AMA); specific
written authorization is required to operate in the AMA.
Airport Signage and Lighting
Taxiway lights are blue in color and are located along the edge of taxiways and runway lights are
white in color and are located on each side of the runway. The lights on the end of the runway
have split lenses red and green. The red signifies the end of the runway and the green the
beginning of the runway. All runway, taxiway, and signage lights at the Immokalee Airport are
pilot controlled allowing the pilot to key the aircraft radio to turn them on.
3 Clicks — Low; 5 Clicks — Medium; 7 Clicks — High
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The markings shown below are Hold Short Markings for a runway. This is where you stop and
wait for aircraft to arrive or depart before entering the runway. Even if there are no aircraft
present, all vehicles must come to a complete stop at this marking before proceeding. Any
vehicles operating on the Taxiway and Runway areas must have specific written permission from
Airport Management.
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Airport Communications
All ground vehicles operating within the AOA and AMA areas of the Immokalee Airport are
encouraged to monitor the local Unicorn frequency and if necessary, announce their intentions
over the frequency. Radio use in the AMA areas of the Airport may be mandated at any time by
the Airport Manager if deemed necessary.
Aviation Phonetic Alphabet
The Aviation Phonetic Alphabet is used in communications for continuity and clarity between all
aircraft and vehicles operating on the Airport surface area and to reduce confusion. Because
some letters sound similar, the following words are used to reduce confusion. For example,
taxiway B would be referred to as taxiway Bravo.
A
ALPHA
N
NOVEMBER
B
BRAVO
O
OSCAR
C
CHARLIE
P
PAPA
D
DELTA
Q
QUEBEC
E
ECHO
R
ROMEO
F
FOXTROT
S
SIERRA
G
GOLF
T
TANGO
H
HOTEL
U
UNIFORM
I
INDIA
V
VICTOR
J
JULIET
W
WHISKEY
K
KILO
X
X -RAY
L
LIMA
Y
YANKEE
M
MIKE
Z
ZULU
Aviation Terminology
Acknowledge — Let me know you have received and understand this message.
Advise intention — Tell me what you plan to do.
Affirmative — Yes.
Confirm — My version is..... Is that correct?
Correction — An error has been made in the transmission. The correct version is....
Go ahead — State your request (never means "proceed ")
Hold — Stop where you are.
Hold short of... - Proceed to, but hold short of a specific point.
Negative — No, or permission not granted, or that is not correct.
Proceed — You are authorized to begin or continue moving
Read back — Repeat my message back to me.
Roger — I have received all of your last transmission. (It is not a yes or no answer)
Say Again — Repeat what you just said.
Stand by — Wait. I will get back to you. (Stand by is not an approval or a denial)
Unable — I can't do it.
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Verify — Request confirmation of information.
Without delay — With a sense of urgency, proceed with approved instructions in a rapid manner.
Wilco — I have received your message, understand it, and will comply.
Airfield Communications
When operating at the h=okalee Regional Airport you should broadcast your intentions on the
UNICOM, 122.900, prior to crossing any runways or taxiways. The UNICOM is a frequency
designed for the purpose of carrying out Airport advisory practices while operating to or from an
Airport without an operating control tower. Operators who remain on a runway or AMA surface
that will block the movement of aircraft for prolonged periods of time (i.e., removal of a disabled
aircraft or vehicle) should continually announce their presence on the AMA every 2 minutes and
Airport Management should be alerted immediately. In all situations, the vehicle operator is
ultimately responsible for the safe movement on the movement area. Broadcast your intentions,
look and LISTEN for other traffic, and most importantly, be aware of the AMA environment
before proceeding.
Before you make any transmissions over the UNICOM, LOOK AND LISTEN for any traffic in
the area or pattern.
Examples: "Immokalee Traffic, white tug crossing Runway 36 threshold to Taxiway Alpha "
"Immokalee Traffic, Airport Ops conducting runway inspection on Runway 27"
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Airport Ground Vehicle Access Plan
Vehicle Operating Permit Requirements
Air Operations Areas
All vehicles operating within the Airport perimeter fence are required to display a valid AOA
vehicle operating permit at all times or be escorted by a valid permit holder. Permits are provided
at the Immokalee Regional Airport Terminal Building and are issued to specific vehicles. This
permit allows 24 hour access to the non -AMA areas of the Airport.
Access permits shall be attached to the lower left side of the vehicle's windshield. Permits are
vehicle specific and cannot be moved from vehicle to vehicle.
Should a tenant with an access permit have occasion to bring a different vehicle that requires
access to the AOA, a temporary hang -tag permit can be requested at the Airport Terminal
Building.
To apply for a vehicle permit to operate in the AOA, the requestor must meet the following
requirements:
• Proof of valid automobile insurance
• Proof of current vehicle registration (for road -worthy vehicles)
• Valid lease for a building, land lease, operating agreement, aircraft, or tie -down at the
Airport. Employees of businesses on the Airfield requesting access must have their
employer provide verification of employment.
• Completed AOA access application
Airport businesses requesting access for their employees must provide their request in writing to
Airport Management on a company letterhead. Requests should list all employees that need
access, the areas they are requesting access to, and should be signed by the owner of the Airport
business. The requested business takes full responsibility for their employee's actions while
operating vehicles on the Airport and is responsible for updating Airport Management whenever
a change occurs with their access list.
Vehicles displaying an AOA permit are not authorized to access any areas not within their leased
areas and have no AMA operating privileges.
Airport Management reserves the right to limit the amount of vehicle access permits issued to an
individual or company.
Access Permits expire annually on January 1. Replacement permits are available starting in
December at the General Aviation Terminal Building.
Airport Movement Areas (Runways and Taxiways)
The Immokalee Airport Management and staff strive to operate a safe, friendly Airport for all
users. To ensure the safety of all users, it is necessary to restrict access to certain areas of the
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Airport. It is understood that the Airport has a few leases in areas that require the occasional
passage of a ground vehicle across the threshold of Runway 36 and on Taxiway Alpha and
Charlie. To operate a vehicle on these specific Airport Movement Areas, you must obtain an
AMA vehicle permit from Airport Management. This vehicle permit will allow authorized
vehicles to operate in approved areas of the AMA and AOA.
Tenants with access to the AMA area are required to take the most direct route to their leased
area and understand that they are not authorized to access any other areas of the Airport except
those approved by Airport Management. The receipt of an AMA permit does not permit the user
to access restricted areas of the Airport. Under no circumstances shall tanker and delivery
vehicles be escorted on AMA areas without written approval from Airport Management.
Ground vehicles authorized to operate on the AMA shall be limited to those necessary to support
the direct operation of aircraft; the inspection and maintenance of the airfield; and to access land
leases not accessible by any other means, and may include the following:
• Airport Management/County Maintenance vehicles
• Federal Aviation Administration vehicles
• Any other vehicles approved by Airport Management
To operate in the AMA, the vehicle must meet the requirements for an AOA permit, plus meet
any of the following requirements listed below as mandated by Airport Management:
• Be equipped with an operating amber beacon or strobe. For low profile vehicles in which
a beacon would not be suitable (i.e. aircraft tug) an approved flag attached to the vehicle
so that the flag will be readily visible is acceptable for day use only. The flag must be a 3-
foot by 3 -foot square having a checkered pattern of international orange and white
squares at least 1 foot on each side.
• Be equipped with a working 2 -way permanent mount or portable VHF radio tuned to
122.90 to monitor aircraft movements at the Airport and announce position if necessary.
• Display a valid AMA vehicle permit
• Vehicles owned by an Airfield company must display the company name in minimum 2"
letters. Magnetic signs are acceptable.
Each vehicle applying for an AOA or AMA permit is to be approved by Airport Management.
Authorized Vehicles and Vehicle Permits
All vehicles authorized to operate on the Airport must clearly display a current and valid
Immokalee Regional Airport Vehicle Permit.
Authorized Areas
Vehicles are not permitted to drive around the Airport for enjoyment purposes or park where
they like to watch activity at the Airport. If tenants driving private vehicles would like to go from
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one side of the Airport to another they must exit though a gate and proceed to the next closest
gate to the area they would like to go.
Unless authorized by Airport Management, users may not:
• Park or Stand Idling Vehicles on Taxiways, Ramps, or at the Fuel Facility
• Proceed through other leaseholds without prior leasehold approval
• Drive through or park on the Transient Ramp
• Ride bicycles on the Airport Movement Area
• Walk across taxiways or runways
Any user found in violation of any of these rules will be subject to penalties such as a towed
vehicle, fines (if applicable), and/or vehicle access privileges suspended.
Insurance
The Immokalee Regional Airport requires all applicants for the Vehicle Permit submit proof of
insurance. The proper insurance must be maintained and should be kept in the vehicle at all
times. A copy must be provided to Airport Management. If there are any changes or your
insurance is renewed a copy must be submitted to Airport Management in a timely manner.
Vehicle Parking
All vehicles should be parked in areas identified by the Airport Manager, well clear of runways,
taxiways, aircraft run -up areas and any areas that may pose a danger of jet or propeller blast.
Park with the engine off, with the vehicle in "PARK" and the emergency brake set. T -hangar
tenants should park their vehicle inside their leased t -hangar while the aircraft is being flown.
Ramp tie -down tenants should park their vehicles in the parking lot when they fly their aircraft.
Accident Reporting
All accidents must be reported to the Immokalee Regional Airport Management Office
immediately at 239 - 657 -9003. Even the smallest incidents between a vehicle and an aircraft can
have a serious affect on the safety of flight.
If an accident does occur follow these steps:
• Stop and remain at the scene of the accident
• Cali 911 (an incident may not warrant emergency response)
• Call Airport Management 239 - 657 -9003
• Render reasonable assistance if capable to any person injured
• Provide as much information to Airport Management regarding the incident
• Aircraft cannot be moved after an incident or accident until it has been released by the
FSDO & NTSB.
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Operating Rules
1/10/2012 Item 13.A.1.
The following rules apply to the operation of all vehicles inside the Air Operations Area (AOA)
at the Immokalee Regional Airport.
1. All operators shall obey all posted regulatory signs and all instructions by Airport
Management, Law Enforcement, or Airport Personnel.
2. Do not allow anyone to ride in any towed or pushed unit unless such vehicle is designed
for passenger transport.
3. Do not allow anyone to stand up, or ride on the running board, or ride on a vehicle with
his/her arms or legs protruding from the body of a moving vehicle, unless such motor
vehicle is so specifically designed and designated.
4. Each vehicle operator is responsible for the activities of each vehicle passenger on the
airside of the Airport.
5. Each vehicle operator using an Airport security gate shall ensure the gate closes
completely behind their vehicle prior to leaving the vicinity of the gate. The vehicle
operator shall also ensure other unauthorized vehicles do not follow behind or
"piggyback" into the AOA area. If a vehicle does piggyback, record the license plate
number and vehicle description and notify Airport Management (239- 657 -9003)
immediately. If Airport Management is not available, call 911.
6. Manually controlled vehicle gates that provide access to the AOA areas shall be kept
closed and locked at all times except when actually in use.
7. Never allow anyone to disembark from a moving vehicle until it has come to a complete
stop.
8. Do not discard objects from any vehicle, either standing or in motion, at anytime. This
creates FOD (Foreign Object Debris) which can cause damage to aircraft
9. Never operate a motor vehicle in a reckless manner or with a disregard for the safety of
other persons or property.
10. Never park a motor vehicle or other equipment in such a way that it might interfere with,
or prevent, the passage or movement of aircraft, emergency equipment or other motor
vehicles; or block access to any electrical vault, fire hydrant, emergency fuel shut off
device, or other fire control equipment.
11. No person shall operate a vehicle or other equipment on the airfield under the influence
of alcohol or any drug that impairs, or may impair, the operator's abilities.
12. Taxicabs, busses, limousines, and other motor vehicle carriers shall load and unload
passengers only at locations designated and approved by Airport Management.
13. Vehicles may not park on any taxiway, runway, or taxi -lane unless the driver is in the
process of attending to an aircraft stopped on the movement area in question.
14. All vehicles driving on the Air Operations Area (AOA) must drive at a speed not greater
than 15 miles per hour.
15. All vehicles shall yield the right of way to all police, ambulance, fire department, and
other emergency vehicles that have visual signals or audible alarms activated.
16. No tenant shall share his or her access code with any other Airport user. In the event a
code is shared and a violation occurs, the tenant or business responsible with be held
accountable.
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17. Vehicle operators shall not, after receiving a lawful order, visual or audible signal, or
direction from the Airport Manager, their designee or a Law Enforcement Officer, fail to
stop the vehicle being operated, operate the vehicle in disregard of the signal or direction,
or interfere with or endanger the operation of aircraft, increase the speed of a vehicle, or
attempt to flee from the Airport Manager or their designee.
Operating near Aircraft
1. Aircraft ALWAYS have the right of way.
2. Use caution (especially at night) for wing tips of parked aircraft.
3. Never operate a motor vehicle in such a way as to pass directly under the wings, nose, or
tail area of an aircraft unless said equipment will be used in servicing the designated
aircraft.
Escorting Procedures
The following requirements are necessary for providing AOA or AMA escorts:
1. Authorized escort providers must display a valid vehicle operating permit for the
Immokalee Regional Airport. Escorts through the AMA must have an Airport issued
AMA vehicle operating permit.
2. Tenant's escorts must use the closest authorized or assigned gates for vehicles entering
their lease area. Visitors under escort must be met at the gate entrance and escorted back
to the gate each time they enter the AOA.
3. All tenants must ensure service vehicles and persons being escorted remains with an
authorized escort provider of that tenant at all times. The escort vehicle has full
responsibility to ensure that visitors under escort remain with the escort vehicle.
4. Tenants and leaseholders are authorized to provide escorts only to and from their lease
areas.
5. Airport Staff can provide escort services to a tenant's customers or clients upon request.
Such escorts would be provided during normal business hours and a escort fee as
published in the approved Airport Rates and Charges would be billed to the tenant.
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Vehicle Violations and Consequences
The Management of the Immokalee Regional Airport enforces the policies and procedures
regarding vehicle safety within the Air Operations Area (AOA) and Airport Movement Areas
(AMA). A Notice of Violation will be issued for any observed violation of any of the policies
and procedures established for the safe and orderly conduct of motor vehicles while on the AOA
and AMA. At the Immokalee Regional Airport, even those with minor infractions, are required
to meet with the Airport Management prior to being allowed to operate a vehicle on the AOA or
AMA again.
The following are the penalties for violating the Airport Ground Vehicle Program at the
Immokalee Regional Airport:
• First Offense: Violator will receive a written notice of violation. The violator will be
required to meet with the Airport Manager within 10 days. Additional actions may be
taken depending on offense.
• Second Offense: Violator will receive a second written notice of violation and their
vehicle access to the AOA (and AMA if applicable) will be suspended for 30 days and
will be required to meet with the Airport Manager before vehicle access will be restored.
Additional actions may be taken depending on offense.
• Third Offense: Violator will receive a third written notice of violation and their vehicle
access privileges will be revoked for a minimum of 3- months and depends on severity of
offense.
The above penalties at no time shall conflict, supersede or cancel any rule or penalty outlined in
the approved Rules and Regulations of the Collier County Airport Authority.
Any person violating any of the provisions of the IMM Ground Vehicle Operations Program
shall be deemed guilty of a separate offense for each and every portion thereof as indicated in the
Airport Rules and Regulations and /or IMM Ground Vehicle Operations Program. Persons found
to have accessed the Airport without proper authorization or are found to be in areas not
authorized by Airport Management shall be referred to the local law enforcement agencies for
prosecution.
[16]
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Airport Ground Vehicle Access Plan
AOA Permit Authorized Areas
[17]
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Airport Ground Vehicle Access Plan
AMA Permit Authorized Areas
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Airport Ground Vehicle Access Plan
Restricted Areas
The area depicted on this graphic is accessible only by Airport Authority Staff unless
otherwise granted in writing by Airport Management
[19]
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1/10/2012 Item 13.A.1.
Q Advisory "
U.S. Department
of Transportation Circular
Federal Aviation
Administration
Subject: GROUND VEHICLE OPERATIONS ON Date: March 31, 2008 AC No: 150/5210 -20
AIRPORTS Initiated by: AAS -300 Change: 1
1. PURPOSE. This Advisory Circular (AC) and
the attached appendices provide guidance to airport
operators in developing training programs for safe
ground vehicle operations and pedestrian control on
the airside of an airport. This includes both
movement and non - movement areas, ramps, and
aprons. Not all the items addressed in this document
will be applicable at every airport. The Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) recommends that
each item be evaluated in terms of how it may apply
to the size, complexity, and scope of operation of the
airport. This AC contains recommended operating
procedures, a sample training curriculum (Appendix
A), and a sample training manual (Appendix B).
2. BACKGROUND. Every year there are
accidents and incidents involving aircraft,
pedestrians, and ground vehicles at airports that lead
to property damage and injury, which may be fatal.
Many of these events result from inadequate security
measures, a failure to maintain visual aids, a lack of
such aids, and inadequate vehicle operator training.
Ground vehicle operation plans promote the safety of
airport users by helping identify authorized areas of
vehicle operation, outlining vehicle identification
systems, addressing vehicle and operator
requirements, and coordinating construction,
maintenance, and emergency activities.
3. APPLICABILITY. The overall responsibility
for the operation of vehicles on an airport rests with
the airport operator. The airport operator is also
responsible for compliance with the requirements of
part 139 at certificated airports and with the
provisions of any applicable Federal grant
agreements. Adherence to the provisions contained in
this AC may materially assist the airport operator in
complying with these requirements.
a. All airport operators should establish
procedures and policies concerning vehicle access
and vehicle operations on the airside of the airport,
including ramp and apron areas. These procedures
and policies should address such matters as access,
vehicle operator requirements, vehicle requirements,
operations, and enforcement and should be
incorporated into tenant leases and agreements.
b. Establishment of procedures for the safe and
orderly access to the movement area and operation in
that area is required at certificated airports, under 14
C.F.R. § 139.329(b). Initial and recurrent training in
procedures for access to the movement area is
required for airport personnel under § 139.303(c).
Only initial training is required for tenant and
contractor employees, under § 139.329(e). However,
regular recurrent training is strongly recommended
for all persons with access to the movement area.
c. Each bidding document (construction plans
and /or specifications) for development work on an
airport or for installation of an air navigation
facility (NAVAID) should incorporate a section on
ground vehicle operations on airports during
construction activity. The airport operator should
provide a copy of this plan to the local FAA
Airways Facilities office for review. The
construction plans and /or specifications should
contain the appropriate provisions, as specified in
Appendix 1 of AC 150/5370 -2, Operational Safety
on Airports During Construction.
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AC 150/5210 -20 Change 1 IN It LVVU
4. RELATED READING MATERIAL. You will
does not normally require training. Airport operators
find additional information in the following
may modify these documents to meet their individual
publications:
needs. It may also be advantageous to develop
a. 14 CFR part 139, Certification of Airports
customized programs for vehicles operators who only
this AC, visit the FAA website at http: / /www.faa.gov.
access ramp areas and those who operate on the
b. Current editions of the following advisory
movement area.
circulars:
Initial training is the training provided to a new
(1) AC 90 -67, Light Signals from the
employee or airport user that would enable that person
Control Tower for Ground Vehicles, Equipment, and
to demonstrate the ability to operate a vehicle safely
Personnel
and in accordance with established procedures while
(2) AC 120 -57, Surface Movement
functioning independently on the airside. Recurrent
Guidance and Control System
training is the training provided to an employee or
regulations. Airport operators should require vehicle
airport user as often as necessary to enable that person
(3) AC 15015210 -5, Painting, Marking, and
to maintain a satisfactory level of proficiency.
Lighting of Vehicles Used on an Airport
Appropriate schedules for recurrent training will vary
(4) AC 150/5340 -1, Standards for Airport
widely from airport to airport and from one employee
Markings
to another, however, under no circumstances should
movement area should demonstrate a functional
recurrent training intervals for personnel authorized to
(5) AC 150/5340 -18, Standards for Airport
drive on the movement area extend beyond one year.
Sign Systems
Airport operators might consider requiring annual
6. TRAINING. Appendix A includes a sample
recurrent training when a vehicle operator renews an
(6) Operational Safety on
expired airport ID badge or when a tenant renews a
During Construction
Airports During Construction
lease agreement. A sample Ground Vehicle Operating
(7) AC 150/5210 -18, Systems for
Familiarization Program Training Record is included in
Interactive Training of Airport Personnel
Appendix B.
(8) AC 150/5200 -30, Airport Winter Safety
Airports use a variety of methods for training ground
and Operations
vehicle operators. In some cases, airport operators
delegate the requirement of employee training to
c. To view or download an electronic copy of
airport tenants or a contractor. Some airport operators
this AC, visit the FAA website at http: / /www.faa.gov.
choose to include training manuals or vehicle -
operating requirements as part of tenant lease or use
5. VEHICLE OPERATOR REQUIREMENTS.
agreements. An airport operator may choose to
Vehicle operators on airports face conditions that are
distribute training manual information via a Web
not normally encountered during highway driving.
page, videos, or booklets. Formal classroom
Therefore, those persons who have vehicular access
instruction provided by the airport operator or tenant
to the movement area of the airport must have an
can include either personal instruction or a computer -
appropriate level of knowledge of airport rules and
based interactive training system. (See AC 150/5210 -
regulations. Airport operators should require vehicle
18
operators to maintain a current driver's license and
should establish a means of identification that would
Airport operators should provide a means of testing
permit the operation of a vehicle on the airside of an
trainees on the information presented. In addition to
airport. Any person expected to operate on the
standard question and answer classroom testing
movement area should demonstrate a functional
methods, the airport operators should have potential
knowledge of the English language.
ground vehicle operators demonstrate their
proficiency in operating a vehicle on the airside
6. TRAINING. Appendix A includes a sample
before authorizing driving privileges. The FAA also
training curriculum. This curriculum should include
recommends on-the-job training before personnel
initial and/or remedial instruction of all personnel
have unescorted access to the airside of the airport.
who have access to the airside of the airport. The
7. VEHICLES ON AIRPORTS. Airport operators
curriculum should also include annual recurrent
should keep vehicular and pedestrian activity on the
instruction for all personnel who have access to the
airside of the airport to a minimum. Vehicles on the
movement area. The airport operator should retain
airside of the airport should be limited to those
records of this training as long as this person is
vehicles necessary to support the operation of aircraft
authorized to operate on the airport. Escorted access
services, cargo and passenger services, emergency
2
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3/31/2008
services, and maintenance of the airport. Vehicles on
the movement area should be limited to those
necessary for the inspection and maintenance of the
movement areas and emergency vehicles responding
to an aircraft emergency on the movement area.
Vehicles should use service roads or public roads in
lieu of crossing movement areas whenever possible.
Where vehicular traffic on airport operation areas
cannot be avoided, it should be carefully controlled.
When necessary, runway crossing should occur at the
departure runway end rather than the midpoint. In the
event of a runway incursion, an aircraft would have
more time and runway length to react if the vehicle
incursion is at the end of the runway.
Some aspects of vehicle control and identification are
discussed below; however, every airport presents
different vehicle requirements and problems. Every
airport will require individualized solutions to
prevent vehicle or pedestrian traffic from
endangering aircraft operations. It should be stressed
that aircraft ALWAYS have the right -of -way over
vehicles when maneuvering on non - movement areas.
Aircraft also have the right -of -way on the movement
areas, except when the Airport Traffic Control Tower
(ATCT) has specifically instructed an aircraft to hold
or give way to vehicle(s) on a runway or taxiway.
Vehicles that routinely operate on the airside should
be marked/flagged for high daytime visibility and, if
appropriate, lighted for nighttime operations.
Vehicles that are equipped with marking and lighting
devices should escort vehicles that are not marked
and lighted. (See AC 150/5210 -5.) Vehicles needing
intermittent identification should be marked with
magnetically attached markers, which are
commercially available.
S. VEHICULAR ACCESS CONTROL. The
control of vehicular activity on the airside of an
airport is of the highest importance. The airport
operator is responsible for developing procedures,
procuring equipment, and providing training
regarding vehicle operations to ensure aircraft and
personnel safety. At airports with an operating
ATCT, controllers and vehicle operators should use
two -way radios to control vehicles when on the
movement area. To accomplish this task, the airport
operator and the ATCT should develop a letter of
agreement outlining standard operating procedures.
When there is construction on an airport, whether
federally funded or not, the airport operator should
follow the ground vehicle practices contained in AC
150/5370 -2.
1/10/2012 Item 13.A.1.
AG i ovi is i �,i ia, iva
At airports without an operating ATCT, two -way
radio control between vehicles and fixed -based
operators or other airport users should avoid
frequencies used by aircraft. Even with the most
sophisticated procedures and equipment, vehicle
operators need training to achieve the proficiency to
operate safely. The airport operator should give
special consideration to training temporary operators,
such as construction workers, even if escort service is
being provided.
Inadvertent entry by vehicles onto movement and
non - movement areas of an airport poses a danger to
both the vehicle operator and aircraft that are
attempting to land or take off or that are maneuvering
on the airport. Methods for controlling access to the
airside will vary depending on the type and location
of the airport. The Airport Layout Plan is a useful
tool for accomplishing this. Airports may erect a
fence or provide for other natural or physical barriers
around the entire airport in addition to providing
control measures at each access gate, such as guards,
magnetic card activated locks, or remotely controlled
locks. Gates may either be opened/closed
electronically or secured by lock and chain. Physical
barriers might include natural objects, such as earthen
berms, large boulders, tree trunks, and manmade
culverts that could help control remote vehicle access
points.
9. VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS. Requirements
for vehicles will vary depending on the airport, the
type of vehicle, and where the vehicle will be
operated on the airport. An airport operator should
limit vehicle operations on the movement areas of the
airport to only those vehicles necessary to support the
operational activity of the airport. Airport operators
might find it beneficial to have separate requirements
for vehicles operated solely on a ramp area as
opposed to those vehicles that operate on movement
areas.
Some airports have benefited from establishing their
own vehicle inspection program to assure that all
vehicles are maintained in a safe operating condition.
In establishing vehicle requirements, some items to
consider include—
a. Marking and identification of vehicles
b. Minimum equipment requirements
c. Inclusion in all vehicles of a placard
diagram depicting the airport's movement area. The
diagram should display prominent landmarks and/or
perimeter roads. Vehicles intended to operate within
the movement area should also include a placard
3
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AC 150/5210 -20 Change 1 J/J I /GUUU
showing the meaning of ATCT light gun signals and
11. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS AND OTHER
airfield sign and marking information.
NON- ROUTINE OPERATIONS. Airport operators
d. Vehicle condition requirements and
allow a number of non - routine operations to occur on
the airside of the airport. Such non - routine activities
inspection
include airfield construction, airshows, aircraft static
e. Insurance coverage
displays, VIP arrivals /departures, commercial photo
shoots, or a host of other activities. In addition to
10. VEHICLE OPERATIONS. The rules and
security requirements, airport operators should
regulations pertaining to vehicle operations should
recognize and prepare for the unique challenges that
provide adequate procedures for the safe and orderly
arise during non - routine operations as they relate to
operation of vehicles on the airside of the airport. In
vehicle operations.
developing such procedures, airport operators should
Airport operators should review non - routine
consider—
operations that involve ground vehicles and develop
a. Requirements that vehicles operating on
vehicle operation procedures to accommodate these
movement areas be radio equipped or escorted by a
special operations. Planning meetings associated with
radio - equipped vehicle
such activities offer an opportunity to review driving
rules and regulations, communications and
b. Specific procedural requirements for vehicle
procedures, and air traffic control procedures as well
operations on airports without an operating ATCT
as other important operational issues.
c. Advance notice /approval for operating a
These meetings should pay special attention to the
non - airport owned vehicle on the movement area
following activities:
d. Speed limits
a. Airside Construction. The airport operator
e. Prohibitions on—
should develop procedures, procure equipment, and
provide training on vehicle operations to ensure
(1) Passing other vehicles and taxing
aircraft safety during construction as specified in AC
aircraft
150/5340 -2.
(2) Leaving a vehicle unattended and
b. Emergency Response/Mutual Aid. Many
running
airports rely on local emergency services to provide
(3) Driving under an aircraft except when
aircraft rescue and firefighting or emergency medical
servicing the aircraft
services. Airport operators should ensure that such
emergency service providers receive initial and
(4) Driving under passenger bridges
recurrent training in the subject areas identified in
L Requirements stipulating when vehicle
paragraph 10, Vehicle Operations, and maintain
lights must be operated
records of such training. In addition, any mutual aid
agreement between the local emergency service
g. Requirements for the use of dedicated
providers and the airport operator should specify
vehicle lanes and perimeter roads whenever possible
vehicle operations training requirements.
h. Locations where vehicles may and may not
c. Snow and Ice Removal. Airport Operators
park
who use contractors for snow and ice control
i. Rules of right -of -way (e.g. for aircraft,
operations should ensure agreements with such
emergency vehicles, other vehicles)
contractors include vehicle operations procedures,
including training requirements, consequences of
j. Areas where vehicles may be serviced
non - compliance, and vehicle communications
k. Procedures for inoperative radios while on a
requirements. The FAA recommends that, when
movement area
possible, airport operators limit contractors to non -
movement areas. When an ATCT is not in operation,
1. Requirements to report all accidents
or there is no ATCT, procedures should be developed
involving ground vehicles on the airside
to advise air traffic on the Common Traffic Advisory
m. Requirements making the vehicle operator
Frequency (CTAF) of any intentions to remove snow
responsible for passengers in the vehicle
and ice in the movement area.
d. Low - Visibility Operations. Additional
consideration should be given to vehicle operations
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during low visibility. Poor weather conditions (snow,
fog, rain, etc.) may obscure visual cues, roadway
markings, and airport signs.
Some airports have a Surface Movement Guidance
and Control System ( SMGCS), which provides
guidance to, and control or regulation of, all aircraft
and ground vehicles on the movement area of an
airport. Guidance relates to facilities, information,
and advice necessary to enable pilots of aircraft, or
drivers of ground vehicles, to find their way on the
airport and keep the aircraft or vehicles on the
surfaces and areas intended for their use. Control or
regulation means the measures necessary to prevent
collisions and to ensure that the traffic flows safely.
For additional information on the SMGCS and the
SMGCS Plan, refer to AC 120 -57.
12. SITUATIONAL AWARENESS. There are a
number of factors that hamper vehicle operator
situational awareness. Situational awareness declines
as a driver's attention is drawn into the vehicle or is
focused on any one thing to the exclusion of
everything else. Other such factors include vague or
incomplete communications or a vehicle operator's
personal conflicts, which may involve fatigue and
stress. Running behind schedule or being over - tasked
also contributes to a reduction in situational
awareness. Certainly, degraded operating conditions,
such as equipment malfunctions, rain, fog, or snow,
may also diminish a vehicle operator's situational
awareness.
There are ways to enhance situational awareness. As
part of a ground vehicle operator's training program,
airport operators may concentrate on having vehicle
operators visually scan fixed and moving objects that
may be converging into the vehicle's path. Airport
operators should also promote the use of clear and
concise communications by vehicle operators. Most
important, airport operators should alert vehicle
operators to distractions caused by social interactions
while operating a vehicle on the airside.
Kelvin L. Solco
Acting Director of Airport Safety and Standards
1/10/2012 Item 13.A.1.
AG I JV/JG I V -GV VI IQI Iyc I
Airport operators may also be able to increase
situational awareness for vehicle operators with
enhancements on the airside. Such enhancements
may include establishing dedicated marked routes for
vehicles that avoid high activity, congested areas, or
blind spots. The elimination or relocation of fixed
objects that hinder a vehicle operator's line of sight
or block radio transmissions may also enhance safety.
13. ENFORCEMENT AND CONTROL. Airport
operators should establish procedures for enforcing
the consequences of non - compliance, including
penalties for violations. Tenant lease or use
agreements may include these enforcement
provisions. Listed below are control issues that
airport operators should address as part of a ground
vehicle control program:
a. Implementation of a tiered identification
badging system that permits easy recognition of a
vehicle operator's permitted driving area privileges
b. Prohibition against transfer of registration
media to a vehicle other than the one for which
originally issued
c. Policies for surrendering permits to airport
management when a vehicle is no longer authorized
entry into a facility
d. Periodic checks to ensure that only properly
authorized persons operate vehicles on the airside.
e. System to control the movement of
commercial trucks and other goods conveyances onto
and out of the airside of an airport
L Briefing or training for delivery drivers if
they are permitted direct access to the airside
g. Implementation of a progressive penalty
policy
5
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AC 150/5210 -20 Change 1
APPENDIX A
GROUND VEHICLE ACCESS PROGRAM TRAINING CURRICULUM
NOTE: The purpose of the Ground Vehicle Access
Program Training Curriculum is to provide airport
operators with a comprehensive list of training topics
for educating vehicle operators who may have access
to the airside of an airport. Each individual airport
has unique situations that might require site - specific
training. Airport operators may use this training
curriculum as a guide for developing and
implementing a detailed training program tailored to
the airport's individual situation.
The purpose of a training program is to provide
vehicle operators with the level of training necessary
for their positions so they are capable of operating
safely on the airside of an airport. Specific programs
may be tailored to account for the items listed below:
1. Various infield aircraft navigation aids
2. Identification of a given point on a grid map or
other standard map used at the airport
3. Applicable airport rules, regulations, or
procedures pertaining to vehicle operations
4. Airport layout, including designation of runways
and taxiways
5. Boundaries of movement areas
6. Interpretation and color coding of airfield signs,
pavement markings, and lighting
7. Location and understanding of critical areas
associated with instrument landing system (ILS)
and very high frequency omnidirectional ranges
(VORs)
8. Proper terminology (including phonetic
alphabet) and procedures for radio
communications with the airport traffic control
tower (ATCT)
9. ATCT light gun signals
10. Established routes for emergency response
vehicles
11. Dangers associated with jet blast and prop wash
12. Traffic patterns associated with each runway
(left or right) and location of each leg; i.e.,
downwind, base, final, and crosswind
13. Situational awareness
An airport operator may choose to develop
customized training programs for vehicle operators
who are restricted to operating ground vehicles only
on ramps and apron areas.
AREAS OF TRAINING
All drivers should have training in the following e. Vehicle Parking
areas:
f. Accident Reporting
1. Discussion of Runway Incursions, Airfield
Safety, and Security
Training Outcome(s) — Trainee should be able to
define a runway incursion and explain the
benefits of airfield safety /security.
2. Definitions and Terms
Training Outcome(s) — Trainee should be
knowledgeable of the terms used on an airport.
3. Vehicle Operating Requirements
a. Authorized Vehicles and Vehicle
Identification
b. Vehicle Lighting
c. Vehicle Insurance
d. Vehicle Inspection
g. Perimeter Roadways
h. Aircraft Lighting
4. Rules and Regulations
a. Review
b. Noncompliance/Penalties
Training Outcome(s) — Trainee should be
knowledgeable of ground vehicle rules and
regulations.
5. Testing
a. Written Test
b. Practical Test
Training Outcome(s) — Trainee should be able to
pass a written examination with a minimum
score of 90 percent.
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A -1
AC 150/5210 -20 Change 1
In addition to items 1 -5, instruction for drivers
authorized to drive on the movement area should
also include those subject areas identified under
Airport Familiarization and Communications.
6. Airport Familiarization
a. Runway Configuration/Safety Area
b. Taxiway Configuration/Safety Area
c. Movement Areas and Non - Movement Areas
d. Confusing Areas
e. Airport Lighting
(1) Runway
- Runway Edge Lights
- Touchdown Zone
- Taxiway Lead -Off Lights
- Threshold
- Runway Approach Light System
(2) Taxiway
- Taxiway Edge Lights
- Taxiway Centerline Lights
- Runway Guard Lights
L Airfield Signage
- Runway Position Holding Sign
- Taxiway Location Sign
-ILS Critical Area Sign
- Direction Sign
- Distance Remaining Sign
g. Airfield Markings
(1) Runways
- Centerline
-Edge Markings
- Runway ID Numbers
- Threshold Markings
A -2
1/10/2012 Item 13.A.1.
3/31/2008
-Hold Short Lines
(2) Taxiways
-Hold Lines
-ILS Hold Line
- Geographic Position Markings
- Centerline
-Edge Markings
(3) ILS Critical Areas
(4) Non - Movement Area Boundary
Marking
h. Airport NAVAIDS and Visual Approach
Aids
- Location
- Non - interference
Training Outcome(s) — Trainee should be able to
label all critical parts on the airport and explain
the purpose of all marking, lighting, and signs on
the airport.
7. Communications
a. Ground Vehicle Communications
(1) Radio Frequencies
(2) Procedural Words and Phrases
b. Aviation Phonetic Alphabet
c. Aviation Terminology
d. Procedures for Contacting the ATCT
e. Airfield Communications at Airports
Without Operating ATCT
f. Light Gun Signals
- Description of Light Gun and How to
Signal Tower
g. Lost Communications Procedures
Training Outcome(s) — Trainee should be able to
adequately send and receive radio messages.
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3/31/2008 AC 150/5210 -20 Change 1
APPENDIX B
SAMPLE GROUND VEHICLE OPERATIONS TRAINING MANUAL
NOTE: This sample training manual provides airport operators with a template for developing and implementing
proposed policies or procedures for controlling ground vehicles and equipment accessing the airside of an airport.
Airport operators may use the format below but adapt the requirements to specific conditions found on the airport.
The first part of the appendix could serve as driving rules and regulations that could be adopted by the airport
operator who would fill in the appropriate blanks or blocks of text or revise the document for a specific airport.
Section 2 would serve as a suggested driver training manual. In this section, the airport operator could add or delete
information as it applies to the airport. For example, if the airport has no instrument approach, reference to the ILS
signs and protection of critical areas could be deleted. Also, the airport operator is encouraged to replace illustrations
of signs with those found on the airport.
Section 1. Airport Driving Rules and Regulations
1.1. Authority for Implementation of Rules and Regulations. The (NAME) Airport operates under the
authority of (JURDISTICTION). (CITY /COUNTY ORDINANCE OR STATE STATUTE) has granted the
(AIRPORT OPERATOR) the authority to make bylaws for the management and supervision of its airport affairs.
1.2. Applicability. This regulation applies to all users of, and persons on any portion of, the property owned or
controlled by (AIRPORT OPERATOR). No persons are exempt from airport operating training requirements for
operating a vehicle on the airside of an airport. Tenant organizations shall be responsible for the dissemination of,
accessibility to, and compliance with these rules and regulations by their employees.
These Rules and Regulations may be amended, changed, or modified by (AIPORT OPERATOR), as necessary.
1.3. Definitions. The following terms are defined as indicated in this section for the purpose of this Ground
Vehicle Operation Training Manual. (The airport operator should include only those definitions applicable to its
airport and conditions.)
1.3.1 Accident -a collision between one aircraft or vehicle and another aircraft, vehicle, person, or object
that results in property damage, personal injury, or death.
1.3.2. Air Carrier Ramp -a ramp for air carriers. Only authorized personnel and vehicles may operate on
this ramp. Private vehicles and aircraft are prohibited from operating on it.
1.3.3. Airside -those areas of an airport that support aircraft activities.
1.3.4. Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) -a service operated by an appropriate authority to promote
the safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of air traffic.
1.3.5. Aircraft -a device that is used or intended to be used for flight in the air.
1.3.6. Airport - (NAME) International Airport Facility, owned and operated by (AIRPORT OPERATOR),
including all improvements and equipment existing or to be developed.
1.3.7. Apron or Ramp -a defined area on an airport or heliport intended to accommodate aircraft for the
purposes of parking, loading and unloading passengers or cargo, refueling, or maintenance.
1.3.8. Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) -radio frequency designed for the purpose of carrying
out airport advisory practices while operating to or from an airport without an operating ATCT or
when the tower is closed. The CTAF may be a UNICOM, MULTICOM, FSS, or tower frequency and
is identified in appropriate aeronautical publications. (See below for definitions of UNICOM,
MULTICOM, and FSS.)
1.3.9. Fixed -Based Operator (FBO) -a person, firm, or organization engaged in a business that provides a
range of basic services to general aviation. Services may include the sale and dispensing of fuel, line
services, aircraft parking and tie -down, pilot and passenger facilities, airframe and power plant
maintenance, aircraft sales and rental, and pilot instruction.
B -1
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B -2
1.3.10. Flight Service Station (FSS) -air traffic facilities that provide pilot briefings, en route
communications, and visual flight rules search and rescue services; assist lost aircraft and aircraft in
emergency situations; relay air traffic control clearances; originate Notices to Airmen; broadcast
aviation weather and National Airspace System information; receive and process instrument flight
rules flight plans; and monitor NAVAIDS. In addition, at selected locations, FSSs provide En Route
Flight Advisory Service (Flight Watch), take weather observations, issue airport advisories, and advise
Customs and Immigration of transborder flights.
1.3.11. Foreign Object Debris (FOD) -debris that can cause damage to aircraft engines, tires, or skin from
rocks, trash, or the actual debris found on runways, taxiways, and aprons.
1.3.12. General Aviation (GA )-that portion of civil aviation that encompasses all facets of aviation except air
carriers holding a certificate of public convenience and necessity.
1.3.13. Ground Vehicle -all conveyances, except aircraft, used on the ground to transport persons, cargo, fuel,
or equipment.
1.3.14. ILS Critical Area -an area provided to protect the signals of the localizer and glideslope.
1.3.15. Incursion -any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground
that creates a collision hazard or results in loss separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take
off, landing, or intending to land.
1.3.16. Jet Blast jet engine exhaust or propeller wash (thrust stream turbulence).
1.3.17. Law Enforcement Officer (LEO) -any person vested with police power of arrest under Federal, state,
county, or city authority and identifiable by uniform, badge, and other indication of authority.
1.3.18. Light Gun -a hand -held, directional light- signaling device that emits a bright narrow beam of white,
green, or red light, as selected by the tower controller. The color and type of light transmitted can be
used to approve or disapprove anticipated pilot or vehicle actions where radio communication is not
available. The light gun is used for controlling traffic operating in the vicinity of the airport and on the
airport movement area.
1.3.19. Mobile Fueler -a vehicle owned and/or operated by authorized agents to pump and dispense Jet A and
100 LL fuel at (AIRPORT). This may include fuel tankers, in -to -plane fueling pumpers, and hydrant
carts.
1.3.20. Movement Area -the runways, taxiways, and other areas of an airport that aircraft use for taxiing,
takeoff, and landing, exclusive of loading ramps and parking areas, and that are under the control of an
air traffic control tower.
1.3.21. MULTICOM -a mobile service not open to public correspondence used to provide communications
essential to conduct the activities being performed or directed from private aircraft.
1.3.22. Non - movement Areas - taxiways, aprons, and other areas not under the control of air traffic or at
airports without an operating airport traffic control tower.
1.3.23. Operator -any person who is in actual physical control of an aircraft or a motor vehicle.
1.3.24. Owner -a person who holds the legal title of an aircraft or a motor vehicle.
1.3.25. Restricted Areas -areas of the airport posted to prohibit or limit entry or access by the general public.
All areas other than public areas.
1.3.26. Runway -a defined rectangular area on a land airport prepared for the landing and takeoff run of
aircraft along its length.
13.27. Runway in Use or Active Runway -any runway or runways currently being used for takeoff or
landing. When multiple runways are used, they are all considered active runways.
1.3.28. Runway Safety Area -a defined surface surrounding the runway prepared or suitable for reducing the
risk of damage to airplanes in the event of an undershoot, overshoot, or excursion from the runway.
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AC 150/5210 -20 Change 1
1.3.29. Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (SMGCS) -a system comprising the provisions
for guidance to, and control or regulation of all aircraft, ground vehicles, and personnel of the airport
during low - visibility operations. Guidance relates to facilities and information necessary for pilots and
ground vehicle operators to find their way about the airport. Control or regulation means the measures
necessary to prevent collisions and to ensure that traffic flows smoothly and efficiently.
1.3.30. Taxiways -those parts of the airside designated for the surface maneuvering of aircraft to and from the
runways and aircraft parking areas.
1.3.31. Tie Down Area -an area used for securing aircraft to the ground.
1.3.32. Uncontrolled Airport -an airport without an operating airport traffic control tower or when airport
traffic control tower is not operating.
1.3.33. UNICOM -a non - Federal communication facility that may provide airport information at certain
airports. Locations and frequencies of UNICOMs are shown on aeronautical charts and publications.
1.3.34. Vehicle Service Road -a designated roadway for vehicles in a non - movement area.
1.3.35. Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR) -a ground -based electronic navigation aid
transmitting very high frequency navigation signals, 360 degrees in azimuth, oriented from magnetic
north. Used as the basis for navigation in the National Airspace System.
1.3.36. Wake Turbulence- phenomenon resulting from the passage of an aircraft through the atmosphere. The
term includes vortices, thrust stream turbulence, jet blast, jet wash, propeller wash, and rotor wash both
on the ground and in the air.
1.4. Severability. If any section, subsection, subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause, or phrase of these Rules
and Regulations or any part thereof is for any reason held to be unconstitutional, invalid, or ineffective by any court
of competent jurisdiction or other competent agency, such decision will not affect the validity or effectiveness of the
remaining portions of these Rules and Regulations.
1.5. Violation of Rules— Penalties and Suspension of Driving Privileges. Any person who does not comply
with any of the provisions of these Rules and Regulations, or any lawful order issued pursuant thereto, will be
subject to progressive penalties for repeat violations. These penalties may include denied use of the Airport by
(OPERATOR) in addition to the penalties described pursuant to Federal, state, or local authorities. (The airport
operator should tailor this section to discuss its enforcement policies.)
1.5.1. Penalties for failure to comply with the Airside Vehicular Traffic Regulations shall consist of written
warnings, suspension of airside driving privileges, and/or revocation of airside driving privileges.
Receipt of written warnings by an operator of a vehicle in any 12 -month period will
automatically result in suspension of airside driving privileges. Receipt of written
warnings in any 12 -month period will automatically result in revocation of airside driving privileges.
1.5.2. Based on an evaluation of the circumstances or the severity of a particular incident or incidents, the
(AIRPORT OPERATOR) reserves the exclusive right to assess any penalty it deems appropriate at any
time to any individual authorized to operate a vehicle on the airside without regard to prior operating
history.
1.5.3. Suspension of airside driving privileges shall be no less than calendar days and no greater than
calendar days.
1.5.4. The (AIRPORT OPERATOR) will provide a copy of all written warnings issued to an operator to the
local manager of the company owning or in possession and control of the vehicle or vehicles involved
in the violation(s).
1.6. The (AIRPORT OPERATOR) shall require any individual involved in a runway incursion or other vehicle
incident to complete remedial airfield driver training.
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AC 150/5210 -20 Change 1 3/31/2008
1.7. Driver Regulations on the Airside of an Airport.
B -4
1.7.1. Vehicle Operator Requirements.
1. All applicants must satisfactorily complete the applicable driver's training class before receiving
an airside driver's license.
2. All applicants must pass the written test with a grade of at least _ percent. Applicants who do
not pass the written test may retake the test after additional study and a day period.
3. Applicants for movement area driving privileges shall be required to successfully complete an
airside driving test by a designated representative of (AIRPORT OPERATOR).
4. No vehicle shall be operated on the airside unless—
a. The driver is authorized to operate the class of vehicle by an appropriate state - licensing
agency or by the driver's employer through a company training /certification program.
b. The driver properly displays an approved, airport- issued ID card with the Authorized Driver
designation (if applicable).
5. No person operating or driving a vehicle on any aircraft ramp shall exceed a speed greater than
miles per hour. Factors including, but not limited to, weather and visibility shall be taken
into consideration when determining safe operating speed.
6. No vehicle shall pass another ground vehicle in a designated vehicle roadway.
7. No vehicle shall pass between an aircraft and passenger terminal or passenger lane when the
aircraft is parked at a gate position except those vehicles servicing the aircraft. All other vehicles
must drive to the rear of the aircraft and shall pass no closer than feet (_ m) from
any wing or tail section.
8. Moving aircraft and passengers enplaning or deplaning aircraft shall have the right -of -way at all
times over vehicular traffic. Vehicle drivers must yield the right -of -way.
9. No vehicle operator shall enter the airside unless authorized by (AIRPORT OPERATOR) or
unless the vehicle is properly escorted.
10. No vehicle operator shall enter the movement area—
a. Without first obtaining permission of the (AIRPORT OPERATOR) and clearance from the
ATCT to enter the movement area;
b. Unless equipped with an operable two -way radio in communication with the ATCT; or
c. Unless escorted by an (AIRPORT OPERATOR) vehicle and as long as the vehicle remains
under the control of the escort vehicle.
11. No person shall operate any motor vehicle that is in such physical or mechanical condition as to
endanger persons or property or that the (AIRPORT OPERATOR) considers an endangerment.
12. No person shall—
a. Operate any vehicle that is overloaded or carrying more passengers than for which the vehicle
was designed.
b. Ride on the running board or stand up in the body of a moving vehicle.
c. Ride with arms or legs protruding from the body of a vehicle except when the vehicle was
designed for such use.
13. A vehicle guide person is required whenever the vision of the vehicle operator is restricted.
14. No fuel truck shall be brought into, stored, or parked within 50 feet of a building. Fuel trucks must
not be parked within 10 feet from other vehicles.
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15. Container carriers and tugs shall tow no more carts, pods, or containers than are practical, under
control, tracking properly, and safe.
16. When not serving aircraft or undertaking their intended functions, ramp vehicles and equipment
shall be parked only in approved areas.
17. Vehicle operators shall not operate or park vehicles under any passenger loading bridge.
18. No person shall park a vehicle in an aircraft parking area, safety area, or gross area or in a manner
that obstructs or interferes with operations in the aircraft movement area or apron area.
19. No person shall park, or leave unattended, vehicles or other equipment that interfere with the use
of a facility by others or prevent movement or passage of aircraft, emergency vehicles, or other
motor vehicles or equipment.
20. No person shall park a vehicle or equipment within feet (_ m) of a fire hydrant or in a
manner that prohibits a vehicle from accessing the fire hydrant.
21. No person shall operate a vehicle or other equipment within the airside under the influence of
alcohol or any drug that impairs, or may impair, the operator's abilities.
22. Each vehicle operator using an airport perimeter (security) gate shall ensure the gate closes behind
the vehicle prior to leaving the vicinity of the gate. The vehicle operator shall also ensure no
unauthorized vehicles or persons gain access to the airside while the gate is open.
23. Vehicle operators shall not operate vehicles in a reckless or careless manner. A reckless or careless
manner is one that intentionally or through negligence threatens the life or safety of any person or
threatens damage or destruction to property.
24. Vehicles shall not enter the movement area or cross runways unless the operator of the vehicle has
received required training and authorization from the (AIRPORT OPERATOR) to operate on the
movement area. Whenever possible, all airport vehicles shall utilize the airport perimeter and
service roads to transition between areas on the airport.
25. Each vehicle operator is responsible for the activities of each vehicle passenger on the airside of
the airport.
1.7.2. Vehicle Regulations.
1. No vehicle shall be operated on the airside unless it has proper registration in the (STATE) or is a
qualified off -road vehicle that is not normally operated on public streets but has received the
approval of the (AIRPORT OPERATOR).
2. All vehicles operated on the airside must have vehicle liability insurance, as required by the
(AIRPORT OPERATOR).
3. The (AIRPORT OPERATOR) must approve tenant vehicles operated on the movement and non-
movement areas. These vehicles must display a (AIRPORT OPERATOR) sticker or an airport-
approved company logo that is at least inches (_ cm) in height on the passenger and
operator's doors.
4. Carts or pieces of equipment being towed or carried after darkness must have side and rear
reflectors or rear lights.
5. No vehicle shall be permitted on the airside unless—
a. It is properly marked, as outlined in FAA Advisory Circular 150/5210 -5, Painting, Marking,
and Lighting of Vehicles Used on an Airport.
b. It is in sound mechanical condition with unobstructed forward and side vision from the
driver's seat.
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c. It has the appropriately rated and inspected fire extinguishers (service vehicles and fuel
trucks).
d. It has operable headlamps and brake lights.
6. Vehicles operating on the movement area shall be equipped with operating amber rotating beacon
or equivalent.
7. All aircraft refueling vehicles and any other vehicle 8 -foot or more in width shall be equipped with
a flashing amber beacon and flashing front, tail, and clearance lights that are activated at all times
when operating on the airside.
1.7.3. Vehicular Accidents. Operators of vehicles involved in an accident on the airport that results in injury
to a person or damage to an aircraft, airport property, or another vehicle shall-
1. Immediately stop and remain at the scene of the accident.
2. Render reasonable assistance, if capable, to any person injured in the accident.
3. Report the accident immediately to the (AIRPORT OPERATOR) before leaving the scene, if
possible.
4. Provide and surrender the following to any responding (AIRPORT OPERATOR) personnel: name
and address, airport identification card, state driver's license, and any information such personnel
need to complete a motor vehicle accident report.
Section 2. Driving on the Non - Movement Areas
2.1. Non - movement areas include taxiways, aprons, and other areas not under control of the ATCT. Anyone
authorized to operate a motorized vehicle on the airside may do so on the non - movement areas without
being in positive radio contact with the ATCT. These areas include-
2.1.1.
Service roads
2.1.2.
Cargo aprons
2.1.3.
General aviation apron
2.1.4.
Air carrier apron(s)
2.2. Driving. Operating within the ramp areas requires the vehicle driver to exercise extreme caution as aircraft
are always moving, aircraft passengers may be walking from an aircraft to the gate, and noise levels are high.
Vehicle drivers should-
2.2.1. Never drive between safety cones or across delineated passenger walkways.
2.2.2. Watch cockpit blind spots — pilots typically cannot see behind or below the aircraft.
2.2.3. Avoid jet blast or prop wash, which can blow debris or overturn vehicles.
2.2.4. Be aware and avoid moving propellers that can cause damage, injury, or death.
2.2.5. Be aware of other vehicle movements —you may not hear them approaching due to aircraft engine
noise.
2.2.6. Yield to aircraft, passengers, and emergency vehicles, which ALWAYS have the right -of -way on any
portion of the airport.
When traveling on the apron, always use designated vehicle service roads. Driving close to buildings, around
vehicles, or aircraft is prohibited. This policy helps to establish a predictable order to vehicle movements in
congested areas and helps to ensure their visibility to aircraft and other vehicles.
B -6
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Parked aircraft may still have their engines running, so be aware of the hazards of jet blast or prop wash, which may
overturn vehicles. Before an aircraft engine is started, the aircraft's red flashing beacons must be on. In some
instances, propellers and engine spinners are marked to indicate when the engine is operating. A pilot's ability to
maneuver quickly on the ground is limited. Propellers and jet engines can cause significant damage and injury to
personnel. In addition, cockpit visibility prohibits the pilot from seeing under the nose or behind the aircraft and
limits the pilot's ability to avoid ground vehicles.
2.3. Nighttime and Poor Weather Driving Conditions. Poor weather conditions (snow, fog, rain, etc.) might
obscure visual cues, roadway markings, and airport signs. Vehicle operators should remain vigilant of their
surroundings and operating boundaries. Watch out for snow removal equipment and aircraft operating in the vicinity
under low - visibility conditions. There are additional risks present under these conditions.
Section 3. Driving on the Movement Areas
Drivers who are authorized to drive on the movement area require more training and vigilance since there are
dangers associated with this area that are not present on non - movement areas. In addition to the principals for
driving on the non - movement area, drivers who have access to the movement area must be cognizant of the meaning
of airfield signs, markings, and lighting configurations. Additionally, they must be able to communicate with air
traffic control (ATC) and be able to follow ATC directions.
3.1. ATCT Control. Movement areas are defined as the runways, taxiways, and other areas of the airport that
are used for taxiing, hover taxiing, air taxiing, and takeoff and landing of aircraft, exclusive of loading ramps and
aircraft parking areas. Movement areas are considered "positive control," meaning that all vehicle operators will
need permission from ATC before entering the area.
3.2. Authorized Vehicles. Only those vehicles necessary for airport operations may enter a movement area.
Therefore, fuel trucks, maintenance vehicles, tugs, catering trucks, and other nonessential vehicles should not be
permitted to enter these areas. Exceptions may include (AIRPORT OPERATOR) - authorized vehicles with
appropriately trained personnel. Airport Operations/Maintenance shall coordinate all other vehicle operations within
the movement areas.
3.3. Taxiways.
3.3.1. Designations. Aircraft use taxiways to move to and from the aprons and the runways.
Taxiways are designated by letters or by a letter /number combination such as A, B, G2, or B3. (The
Airport Operator should include a diagram of the airport here with the taxiway and runway
designations.)
3.3.2. Lighting. Taxiways are lighted with blue edge lighting and/or reflectors. Some taxiways are also
lighted with green in- paved, centerline lighting. (Use airport - specific example here.)
3.3.3. Signs. The signs used on taxiways are direction, destination, location, and taxiway ending marker
signs.
Direction and Designation Signs have black lettering and a directional arrow or arrows on a
yellow background. The arrow indicts the direction to that taxiway, runway, or destination.
Taxiway Directional Sign
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Location Signs have yellow lettering on a black background. The location sign below indicates that
the operator of the vehicle /equipment is located on the named taxiway or runway.
Taxiway Location Sign
Runway Safety Area /Object Free Zone (OFZ) and Runway Approach Area Boundary Signs,
when required, identify the boundary of the runway safety area/OFZ or the runway approach area to
the pilot and vehicle operator. The driver can use these signs to identify when the vehicle is clear of the
runway environment. It has a black inscription that depicts the holdline marking on a yellow
background.
Runway Safety Area /OFZ and Runway Approach Boundary Sign
3.3.4. Markings. Pavement markings on taxiways are always yellow. The taxiway centerline is painted on all
taxiways. On the edges of some taxiways, there is a solid, double yellow line or double- dashed line. If
pavements are usable on both sides of the line, the lines will be dashed; if not, the lines will be solid.
Runway Holding Position Markings are located across each taxiway that leads directly onto a
runway. These markings are made up of two solid lines and two broken yellow lines and denote
runway holding position markings. These markings are always co- located with a Runway Holding
Position Sign. A vehicle operator must not cross from the solid -line side of the marking without first
obtaining clearance.
Runway Holding Position Marking
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Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Markings may be present at some airports, and will appear before a
runway hold line, as illustrated below. These markings are intended to serve as an additional warning
to flight crews that they are approaching the runway.
Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Markings
Non - Movement Area Boundary Markings consist of two yellow lines (one solid and one dashed).
The solid line is located on the non - movement area side, while the dashed yellow line is located on the
movement area side. A vehicle operator is not to cross from the solid -line side without first contacting
the ATCT and obtaining a clearance to operate on the movement area.
Non - Movement Area Boundary Marking
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Instrument Landing System (ILS) Critical Area Holding Position Markings are comprised of
two parallel yellow lines with lines running perpendicular between the two parallel yellow lines.
These markings identify the location on a taxiway where an aircraft or vehicle is to stop when it
does not have clearance to enter ILS critical areas. The ILS critical area must remain clear,
especially in inclement weather. If a vehicle proceeds past this ILS marking, it might cause a false
signal to be transmitted to the landing aircraft.
ILS Hold Position Marking
3.4. Runways (Use Airport Specific Examples).
3.4.1. Designations. Runways are areas where aircraft land and take off. Runways are always designated by
a number such as 1 or 19. The number indicates the compass heading of the runway. An aircraft taking
off on runway 19 is headed 190 degrees. In the event of parallel runways, a letter designation is added
to indicate either the right or left runway; e.g., 1L -19R, 1R -19L.
3.4.2. Lighting. Runways are lighted with a variety of colored lights.
Runway Edge - lights are white. If the runway has an instrument approach, the last 2,000 feet of
the runway will be yellow in color.
Runway Centerline Lights are white except for the last 3,000 feet of the runway, where they begin to
alternate red and white. For the last 1,000 feet of runway the centerline lights are all red.
Runway Touchdown Zone Lights are white.
Runway End/Threshold Lights are split lenses that are red /green.
3.4.3. Signs.
Mandatory Holding Position Signs for Runways have white numbering/lettering on a red
background with a white border. These are located at each entrance to a runway and at the edge of
the runway safety area/obstacle -free zone and are co- located with runway holding position markings.
Do not proceed beyond these signs until clearance is given by the ATCT to enter onto the
runway.
B -10
Runway Hold Sign
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Instrument Landing System (ILS) Holding Position Sims have white letters on a red background
with a white border. These signs tell pilots and vehicle operators where to stop to avoid interrupting a
type of navigational signal used by landing aircraft. This is a critical area, and a vehicle /equipment
operator must remain clear of it (use airport - specific policy). If a vehicle proceeds pass this microwave
landing system/ILS marking, it may cause a false signal to be transmitted to the landing aircraft.
ILS Hold Sign
Holding Position Signs for Runway Approach Areas. The inscription on a sign for a runway
approach area is the associated runway designation followed by a dash and the abbreviation APCH for
approach. This sign has white numbering on a red background with a white border. The sign is
installed on taxiways located in approach areas where an aircraft on a taxiway would either cross
through the runway safety area or penetrate the airspace required for the approach or departure runway.
Approach Sign
Runway Distance Remaining Signs provide distance remaining information to pilots during takeoff
and landing operations. They have white numbering on a black background. The number on the
sign provides the remaining runway length in 1,000 -foot increments.
Runway Distance Remaining Signs
Runway Exit Sign is a destination sign located prior to the runway /taxiway intersection on the side
and in the direction of the runway where the aircraft is expected to exit. This sign has black lettering
and a directional arrow on a yellow background.
Runway Exit Sign
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3.4.4. Markings.
1/10/2012 Item 13.A.1.
3/31/2008
Pavement markings on a runway are white. Runway Threshold Markings and Runway Threshold
Bars, Runway Aiming Point Markings, Runway Designation Markings, Runway Touchdown Zone
Markings, Runway Centerline Markings, Runway Side Stripes, and Displaced Threshold Markings are
white. The only nonwhite lines on a runway are yellow lead -in/ -off lines that extend from the runway
centerline and holdlines for a specific operation known as land and hold short.
Section 4. Communications
4.1. Any vehicle driving on the movement areas (runways and taxiways) must be in contact with the ATCT
or capable of monitoring and transmitting on the CTAF. Vehicle operators must always monitor the appropriate
radio frequency when in the movement areas on controlled airports. Permission must be requested and clearance
given prior to driving on a movement area. A vehicle that is equipped with a radio may escort vehicles without
radios. When a movement area is closed for construction, vehicles may traverse that area without ATCT contact but
must be escorted if their travels require them to cross an active movement area.
4.2. The ATCT controller may use separate or common radio frequency to control all ground traffic, vehicle
and aircraft, on the movement areas. The frequency is only to be used to get clearance onto and off the movement
areas. When the ATCT is closed, the CTAF should be used to announce a driver's intentions when operating within
the movement area.
4.3. Phraseology. Vehicle operators must contact the ATCT ground controller each and every time they
proceed onto or leave the movement area. When proceeding onto a movement area, vehicle operators must tell the
controller three things: WHO you are, WHERE you are, and WHAT your intentions are. Vehicle operators
must always acknowledge all communications so ground control and other persons know that the message was
received. Vehicle operators must always give aircraft and ground control transmissions priority unless an
emergency exists. Very high frequency frequencies are for the primary use of aircraft and ATCT personnel. Some
typical transmissions are as follows:
• (AIRPORT NAME) ground control, this is Airport 21 at Charlie 6. Request permission to cross Runway
30."
• (AIRPORT NAME) ground control, this is Airport 21 at Taxiway Alpha. Request clearance south on
runway 19 right for a light inspection."
Reply transmissions may be brief, such as-
• ATCT: "Airport 21, hold short of runway 19 right."
• Driver: "Airport 21 holding short of runway 19 right."
• ATCT: "Airport 21 cleared south on runway 19 right."
"Please expedite, landing aircraft on a 10 mile final for runway 19 right."
• Driver: "Airport 21 cleared south on runway 19 right, will expedite."
• Driver: "Ground control, Airport 21 is clear of runway 19 right.
NOTE: If you are unsure what the controller has said, or if you don't understand an instruction, you should ask the
controller to repeat it. Good communications only occur when each party knows and understands what the other is
saying.
4.4. Common Use Phrases.
B -12
What Is Said: What It Means:
Acknowledge Let me know you have received and understand this message.
Advise Intentions Let me know what you plan to do.
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Affirmative
Correction
Go Ahead
Hold/Hold Short
How do you hear me?
Immediately or without delay
Negative
Out
Over
Read Back
Roger
Stand By
Unable
Verify
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Yes.
An error has been made in the transmission, and the correct version
follows.
Proceed with your message only.
Phrase used during ground operations to keep a vehicle or aircraft
within a specified area or at a specified point while awaiting further
clearance from air traffic control.
Question relating to the quality of the transmission or to determine
how well the transmission is being received.
Phrase used by ATC when such action compliance is required to
avoid an imminent situation.
"No" or "permission not granted" or "that is not correct."
The radio conversation is ended, and no response is expected.
My radio transmission is ended, and I expect a response.
Repeat my message to me.
I have received all of your last transmission.
Means the controller or pilot must pause for a few seconds, usually to
attend to other duties of a higher priority. Also means to wait as in
"stand by for clearance." The caller should reestablish contact if a
delay is lengthy.
Indicates inability to comply with a specific instruction, request, or
clearance.
Request confirmation of information.
I have received your message, understand it, and will comply with it.
4.5. Phonetic Aviation Alphabet. Because some letters have similar sounds, like B and P, the international
aviation industry uses the following words to reduce confusion. For example; Taxiway B would be referred to as
Taxiway Bravo on the radio.
A ALFA
N
NOVEMBER
B BRAVO
O
OSCAR
C CHARLIE
P
PAPA
D DELTA
Q
QUEBEC
E ECHO
R
ROMEO
B -13
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F
FOX -TROT
S
SIERRA
G
GOLF
T
TANGO
H
HOTEL
U
UNIFORM
I
INDIA
V
VICTOR
J
JULIET
W
WHISKEY
K
KILO
X
X -RAY
L
LIMA
Y
YANKEE
M
MIKE
Z
ZULU
4.6. ATCT Light Gun Signals. Air traffic controllers have a backup system for communicating with aircraft or
ground vehicles if their radios stop working. The controller has a light gun in the tower that can send out different
colored lights to tell the pilot or driver what to do. If a vehicle operator experiences a radio failure on a runway or
taxiway, the operator should vacate the runway as quickly and safely as possible and contact the ATCT by other
means, such as a cellular telephone, and advise the ATCT of the situation. If this is not practical, then the driver,
after vacating the runway, should turn the vehicle toward the tower and start flashing the vehicle headlights and wait
for the controller to signal with the light gun.
Light gun signals, and their meaning, are as follows:
Steady Green OK to cross runway or taxiway.
Steady Red STOP!
Flashing Red Move off the runway or taxiway.
Flashing White Go back to where you started.
Alternating Red and Green Use extreme caution.
4.7. Safety. The FAA defines runway incursion as "Any occurrence at an airport involving the incorrect
presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and
take off of aircraft."
Runway incursions are primarily caused by error in one or more of the following areas:
• Pilot/ground vehicle /controller communications
• Airport familiarity
• Loss of situational awareness
An example of an incursion is a vehicle at an airport with an operating ATCT straying onto a runway in front of an
aircraft causing the pilot to take an action to avoid a collision.
When driving on the airfield, vehicle operators need to always be aware of their location and the meaning of all
pavement markings, lights, and signs. When on the aprons and taxiways, stay away and steer clear of aircraft.
Aircraft always have the right -of -way.
NOTE: Any individual involved in a runway incursion should receive remedial airfield driver's training
given by the (AIRPORT OPERATOR).
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3/31 /2008 AC 150/5210 -20 Change 1
This is an appropriate place to describe an individual airport's runway and taxiway identification system. In addition
to the system description, the FAA recommends that the airport operator provide a runway (R 19 and taxiway (TW1)
diagram, especially if the airport's identification system varies from the norm or is otherwise complicated
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AC 150/5210 -20 Change 1 3/3112008
SAMPLE
GROUND VEHICLE OPERATING FAMILIARIZATION PROGRAM
TRAINING RECORD
Employee's Name:
Employee's Position:
Company Name:
Social Security Number:
Driver's License State and Number:
Driver's License Expiration Date:
I agree to abide by all rules and regulations prescribed for the operations of a vehicle within the airport operations
area.
As of this time, I certify that I hold a current and valid driver's license. If for any reason my license becomes invalid,
I will notify the (AIRPORT OPERATOR) immediately.
Sign your name and indicate today's date below:
0..........
(NAME)
PERMITTED VEHICLE OPERATING AREAS
Location
[ ] General Aviation Ramp
[ J Air Carrier /Terminal Ramp
[ ] Firehouse
[ ] Air Cargo
[ ] Tie -downs
[ ] General Aviation Hangars
[ ] All Areas
(DATE)
I certify that the above named individual has satisfactorily completed the Driver Training Program.
Instructor's Signature:
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