Loading...
Ordinance 97-57 ORDINANCE NO. 97- 57 AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT/POTABLE WATER SUB-ELEMENT OF ORDINANCE NUMBER 89-05, AS AMENDED, THE COLLIER COUNTY GROWT~ <:,.., ,. MANAGEMENT PLAN, FOR THE UNINCORPORATED AREA OF ;' "'T: '~ COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA; BY AMENDING THE PUBLIC ~ E.., I""" FACILITIES/POTABLE WATER SUB-ELEMENT; BY PROVIDING ~- ~' r-n FOR SEVERABILITY; AND BY PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE..'4~ 7~. WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners adopted the Collier County Growth Management Plan on January 10, 1989; and WHEREAS, Collier County has held public hearings to provide for and encourage public participation throughout the 1996-97 plan amendment process; and WHEREAS, Collier County did submit the 1996-97 Growth Management Plan Amendments to the Department of Community Affairs for preliminary review on April 29. 1997; and WHEREAS, the Department of Community/-.,Fairs did review and make written objections to Public Facilities ElementlPotable Water Sub-Element Amendments to the Growth Management Plan and Iransmitted the same in writing to Collier County within the time provided by law; and WHEREAS, Collier County has 120 days from receipt of the written objections from the Departmenl of Community Affairs to adopt, adopt with changes or not adopt the proposed Public Facilities ElemenVPotable Water Sub-Element Amendments to the Growth Management Plan; and WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners of Collier County did take action in the manner prescribed by law and did hold public hearings concerning the adoption of the Public Facilities Element/Potable Water Sub-Element Amendments to the Growth Management Plan on October 28. 1997; and WHEREAS, all applicable substantive and procedural requirements of law have been met; and NOW. THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA. that: ~ECJJDj~LQtjE: ADOPTION OF AMENDMENTS TO THE PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT/POTABLE WATER SUB-ELEMENT OF THE GROWTH MANAGEMENT PLAN, This Ordinance as described herein, shall be known as the Public Facilities Element/Potable Water Sub-Element Amendments to the Growth Management Plan for Collier County, Florida. The Collier County Growth Management Plan Public Facilities Element/Potable Water Sub-Element Amendment is attached hereto as Exhibit A and incorporated herein by reference. ~LCZEL~: SEVERABILITY. It' any phrase or portion of this Ordinance is held invalid or unconstitutional by any court of competent jurisdiction, such portion shall be deemed a separate, distinct and independent provision and such holding shall not affect the validity of the remaining portion. ~EC~: EFFECTIVE DATE. The effective date of this Amendment to the Public Facilities Element/Potable Water Sub- Element shall be the date a final order is issued by the Department of Community Affairs or Administration Commission finding Ihe Element in compliance in accordance with Section 163.3184, Florida StaI~.~, whichever occurs earlier. No development orders, development permits, or land uses dependent on lhis Element may be issued or commence before il has become effective. If a final order of noncompliance is issued by the Adminis[ration Commission, this amendment may nevertheless be made effective by adoption of a Resolution affirming its effective slatus. a copy of which Resolution shall be sent to the Departmenl of Community Affairs, Bureau of Local Planning, 2555 Shumard Oaks BIrd., 3'" Floor, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2100. PASSED AND DULY ADOPTED by the Beard of County Commissioners of Collier Counly thisr-,2~f day of Oclober, 1997. ATTEST: :' BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS ~:1 . " :: . . COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA · ' AfCdo6 ""' " Thi~ orclinor~ce fi!e,'l with thr, APPROVED AS TO '~:ORM AND Secretary of State's Of fie,? LEGAL SUFFICIENCY: ~ day of MARjCI;hlE M. STUDEhT of _, ~gr..~'' ASSISTANT COUNTY ATTORNEY v L.,-~.., 1997 Public Facilities Element/Potable Water Sub-Element STATE OF FLORIDA) COUNTY OF COLLIER) I, DWIGHT E. BROCK, Clerk of Courts in and for the Twentieth Judicial Circuit, Collier County, Florida, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true copy of: ORDINANCE NO. 97-57 Which was adopted by the Board of County Commissioners on the 28th day of October, 1997, during Regular Session. WITNESS my hand and the official seal of the Board of County Commissioners of Collier County, Florida, this 5th day of November, 1997. DWIGHT E. BROCK Clerk of Courts and Clerk , [ ~ ~ ', Ex-officio to Board of County Commissioners ~\'." By= susan C 0 LLIER C 0 UNTY GROWTH MANAGEMENT PLAN PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT POTABLE WATER SUB-ELEMENT COLLIER COUNTY GROWTH MANAGEMENT PLAN PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT Potable Water Sub-Element Prepared for COLLIER COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Adopted October, 1997 AMENDMENTS TO COLLIER COUNTY GROWTH MANAGEMENT PLAN PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT Potable Water Sub-Element Symbol DATE AMENDED ORDINANCE NO. · INDICATES ADOPTED PORTIONS NOTE: THE SUPPORT DOCUMENT WILL BE UPDATED AS CURRENT INFORMATION BECOMES AVAILABLE. GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES GOAL 1: TO PROTECT THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF THE PUBLIC BY ENSURING ACCESS TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND, COST EFFECTIVE AND IMPLEMENTABLE POTABLE WATER FACILITIES AND SERVICES. OBJECTIVE 1.1: The County will locate and develop potable water supply sources to meet the needs of the County owned and operated systems for the five (5) and ten (10) year planning time frames of this Plan. said O supply sources meeting the minimum Level of Service Standards established by this Plan. Policy 1.1.1: ~~?y co~r~ June 1998. complete the pilot ASR (Aquifer Storaqe and Recover) system study as a potential emer~ency and seasonal potable water source Policy 1.1.2: ~~~ Continue to implement a program for the protection of existing and potential potable water supply sources. ~?acy !.!.3: ~anu~' I, 19~~~~h~eF ~ ' '~~ ~] fut~r~~ wat~upp~y sou~as to ~~~a~a~y Policy 1.1.4: Identity sufficient quantities of brackish water to meet the Coun~'s estimated 10 year ~ro~h related needs. ~OBJECTIVE 1.2: The County will implement the following policies to make ~Rain that public and pdvate sector potable water se~ utilities provide, repair and/or replace potable water supply, treatment and distribution facilities to coffe~ e~sting deficiencies in their respe~ive se~ice areas as may be required to meet or exceed the Level of Se~ice Standards established in this Plan. In addition, public se~or potable water se~ce utilities will be expanded as necessa~ to pro~de for future gro~h. ~Policy 1.2.1: Continue the development of a Collier County Regional Potable Water System consistent with the Capital Improvement Element and Water Master Plan Update to co~e~ existing deficiencies and pro~de for future gro~h. Policy 1.2.2: Consistent with the u~an gro~h policies of the Future Land Use Element of this Plan, pro~sion of central potable water se~ce by the County is limited to the se~ice areas shown in this Plan and to areas where the County has legal commitments to pro~de facilities and se~ices as of the date of adoption of this Plan. Policy 1.2.3: By the time mandated for the adoption of land development regulations pursuant to Chapter PW- I 163.3202, F.S., including any amendments thereto, require to the extent of the County's authority pdvate sector potable water service utilities. establish and file with the County a statement of their policy and cdteda, consistent with the goals, objectives and policies of this Plan for the expansion, replacement, and/or repair of their facilities to correct existing deficiencies and provide for future growth within their respective service areas. #-Policy 1.2.4: Permit development of potable water supply systems or individual potable water supply wells within the County only on an intedm basis when connection to an existing central system is not readily accessible to render service and require connection to the County Regional System when available. OPolicy 1.2.5: Continue enforcement of ordinances requiring connection of existing and new development to central potable water systems when they become available. Connections to a central system shall be made pursuant to Collier County Ordinance 88-4. #-Policy 1.2.6: Where Community Development Districts nr other similar special distncts are established to provide a tool for developers to finance infrastructure or other purposes, wholly or partially within the Collier County Water-Sewer District, water service shall be connected to the regional system, and internal facilities shall be conveyed, when acceptable, to the Collier County Water-Sewer Distdct for operation and ownership in accordance with Collier County Ordinance 88-76, the Utilities Standards and Procedures Ordinance. adopted September 27, 1988 or its latest revision, and Distdct construction and operating policies.. OBJECTIVE 1.3: By the time mandated for the adoption of land development regulations pursuant to Chapter 163.3202, F.S, including any amendments thereto, implement procedures to ensure that at the time a development order is issued, potable water facility capacity that meets or exceeds the minimum Level of Service Standards established herein is available or will be available to serve the development under the guidelines established for concurrency in the Capital Improvement Element of this Plan. Policy 1.3.1: The following Level of Service Standards are hereby adopted and shall be used as the basis for determining the availability of facility capacity and the demand generated by a development: t ................ 7 .............. ~p~ ~ ....... per ~p,,_ 163 "~/4~c x 4 o4 - 4~x ~, e;mnli~[fu 1 Renew of water usage since 1989 indicted the LOS standard for finished water should be increased to 185 ~pcd. Renew of the histod~l ratio of residen~al to non-residential demand indicted that appro~mately 17% of the total water usage is non-residential. Thus the residential demand is 154 ~cpd and the total finished water demand is 185 ~cpd. PW- 2 LEVEL OF SERVICE FACILITY/SERVICE AREA STANDARD COLLIER COUNTY FACILITIES County Water and Sewer Distdct 163185gpcd Marco Water and Sewer District 200 gpcd Goodland Water Distdct 163 gpcd CITY OF NAPLES FACILITIES Unincorporated Service Area 163 gpcd EVERGLADES CITY FACILITIES Unincorporated Ser,,dce Area 163 gpcd INDEPENDENT DISTRICTS/PRIVATE SECTOR SYSTEMS The standard hereby adopted is the following "sewage" flow design standards, unless otherwise approved by the Board of County Commissioners to address economic, social and construction method variations between individual systems: (Source: Chapter 10D-6, Florida Administrative Code) GALLONS PER TYPE OF ESTABLISHMENT DAY IGPD) COMMERCIAL Airports a. per passenger 5 b. add per employee 20 Barber and Beauty Shops (per chair) 100 Bowling Alleys (toilet wastes only per lane) 100 Country Club a. per resident member 100 b. per member present 25 c. per employee 20 Dentist Offices a. per wet chair 200 b. per non-wet chair 50 Doctors Offices (per doctor) 250 Factories, exclusive of industrial wastes (gallons per person per shift) a. no showers provided 20 b. showers provided 35 Food Service Operations a. Ordinary Restaurant (per seat) 50 b. 24 hour Restaurant (per seat) 75 c. Single Service articles only (per person) 25 d. Bar and Cocktail Lounge (per person) 30 e. Ddve-in Restaurant (per car spaca) 50 f. Carry Out only i. per 100 square feet of floor space 50 ii. add per employee 20 g. Institutions (per meal) 5 PW- 3 GALLONS PER TYPE OF ESTABLISHMENT DAY (GPD) COMMERCIAL Hotels and Motels a. Regular (per room) 150 b. Resorl Hotels, Camps, Cottages (per person) 75 c. add for establishments with self service laundry facilities (per machine) 400 Office Building (per employee per 8 hour shift) 20 Service Stations (per water closet and per udnal) 250 Shopping Centers without food or laundry (per square foot of floor space) 0.1 Stadiums, Race Tracks, Ball Parks (per seat) 5 Stores per square foot of floor space O. 1 Swimming and Bathing Facilities, public (per person) 10 Theatres a. indoor, Auditonums (per seat) 5 b. Outdoor, Drive-ins (per space) 10 Trailer/Mobile Home Park (per trailer space) 200 Travel Trailer/Recreational Vehicle Park a. Travel Trailer (overnight), without water and sewer hookup (per trailer space) 75 b. Travel Trailer (overnight), with water and sewer hook-ups (per trailer space). 100 INSTITUTIONAL Churches (per seat) 3 Hospitals (per bed) (does not include kitchen wastewater flows) 200 Nursing, Rest Homes (per bed) (does not include kitchen wastewater flows) 100 Parks, Public Picnic a. with toilets only (per person) 5 b. with bathhouse, showers and toilets (per person) 10 Public Institutions other than Schools &Hospitals (per person) 100 Schools (per student) a. day-type 15 b. add for showers 5 c. add for cafeteria 5 d. add for day school workers 15 e. boarding-type 75 Work/Construction Camps Semi-permanent (per worker) 50 PW- 4 GALLONS PER TYPE OF ESTABLISHMENT DAY(GPD} COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL Residences a. Single or multiple family (per dwelling unit) 1 bedroom and 600 square feet or less heated or cooled area bedrooms 150 and 601 - 1000 square feet heated or cooled area 300 3 bedrooms and 1001 - 2000 square feet heated or cooled area 450 4 or more bedrooms and more than 2000 square feet heated or cooled area 600 b. Other (per occupant) 75 FOOTNOTES: 1. For food service operations, kitchen wastewater flows shall normally be calculated as sixty-six percent (66%) of the total establishment wastewater flow. 2. Systems serving high volume establishments, such as fast food restaurants and service stations located near interstate type highways, require special sizing considerations due to above average sewage volume expected from restroom facilities. Policy 1.3.2: In order to ensure these Level of Service Standards are maintained, methodologies for determining available capacity and demand shall incorporate appropriate peak demand coefficients for each facility and for the type of development proposed. Policy 1.3.3: These Level of Service Standards are the minimum cdteda for replacement, expansion or increase in capacity of potable water supply facilities. Policy 1.3.4: Annually review historical potable water demand records and adjust these Level of Service Standards if so indicated by said annual review. #-OBJECTIVE 1.4: By June 30, 199;2, the The County wilt continue to promote conservation of potable water supplies by developing and implementing an integrated, comprehensive conservation strategy which will identify specific consumption per capita goals. Policy 1.4.1: Negotiate agreements with area golf courses to accept and use treated wastewater effluent for irrigation when and where same is available from existing and future wastewater treatment plants. Policy 1.4.2: Continue to connect existinq kiem~ existing and future publicly owned lands suitable for irrigation with treated wastewater effluent, such as government building grounds, parks, and highway medians, when economically feasible..,,,H !nco.~or3te *~'^o" :-""' ~' '~' "" pt~.,,,i,-,,-, ~,.,, .,,,~..,~ ..... . ..... 0....,~. .... ~ PW- 5 Policy 1.4.3: Continue to connect ~ existing and future privately owned lands suitable for irrigation with treated wastewater effluent, such as cemeteries, nurseries and commercial/industrial parks, when economically feasible. and incorporate ,,~,~ ;,,,,-, ~, ,t ..... t~,,,,;,,,, ~,,, treaed wastewater-eCf~ ~ispesa!. #- Policy 1.4.4: Pursuant to general law (Chapter 91-68, Laws of Florida), by November 1, 1992, adopt a resolution promoting the use of xeriscape techniques (drought resistant landscaping) to minimize potable water use for landscaping irrigation. l#-Policy 1.4.5: By J-un, e 30, !992 January 1, 1998, develop a public water conservation program for reducing potable water use. #-Policy 1.4.6: At such time as~b, at excess effluent ~,,,~t,,, irrigation ..... ' .....a~ ,-,,, is available, permit construction and connection of dua ,vater systems to the County's effluent transmission system within ,,;,,F,,,,,,,-, {! 8)~T,,4~,,ths4he~lE,-estabt.ish. criteria '-- ~' '~ .... *~,- s,,ste."ns (i.e., separate potable water and treated wastewater effluent) in new subdivisions when the construction and/or connection of a dual water system will not negatively impact the potable water systems re.qulatory compliance or operation. Policy 1.4.7: By January 1998 complete a study to determine the feasibility of using treated effluent to create a salinity barrier to reduce the potential for salt water intrusion into the County's current and future wellfields. #-OBJECTIVE 1.5: The County will discourage urban sprawl and the proliferation of pdvate sector potable water service suppliers in an effort to maximize the use of existing public facilities through the development or{Jer approval process by implementing the following policies. #-Policy 1.5.1: Discourage urban sprawl by permitting central potable water systems only in the Designated Urban Area of the Future Land Use Element of this Plan, and in areas where the County has legal commitments to provide facilities and service outside the Urban Area as of the date of adopt, on of Plan. t--Policy 1.5.2: The County will discourage urban sprawl and the proliferation of private sector and/or package potable water treatment systems through the development order approval process to insure maximum utilization of the existing and planned public facilities. No existing pdvate sector or potable water treatment systems will be permitted to add customers unless all Levels of Service Standards are met, and operations are in conformance with all DER permits. PW- 6 GOODL N I I I SEWER COLLIER COUNTY WATER AND SE'{R (C,'S) Cc~he~ County. ~,o,-,aa CO TABLE PW-11 COLLIER COUNTY WATER AND SEWER (CWS) DISTRICT POTABLE WATER FACILITIES FY88/89 - FY94195 (See Map PW-19 for Project Locations) PROJECT N0. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 800 16" Water Main - Manatee Road o Manatee Road Pump Station to US 41; US 41 o Manatee Road to Westwind Dnve Mobile Home Park (Master Plan Project Nos. 465; Part 516) Deleted 801 20" Water Main - Rattlesnake Hammock Road - County Barn Road to US 41 (Master Plan Project Nos. 452, 453) Completed 809 Canca Road Storage Tank Pumping Facilities (Master Plan Project No. PS-1) Completed 811 Land Acquisition for North ~ounty Regional Water Treatment Plant (Part of Master Plan Project No. NW'TP-1) Completed 812 Hydrogeologic Services - North County (Coral Reef) Regional Wellfield (WMP #NRP-1) Completed 813 12" Water Main - Radio Road - Countryside to Foxfire (Master Plan Project No. 406) Completed 815 16" Water Main - Pine Ridge Road - Airport Road to Livingston Road (Master Plan Project No. 188) Completed 816 20" Water Main - Goodlette Road - Pine Ridge Road to Canca Road Storage Tank (Master Plan Project No. 256) Completed 817 12" Water Main - Seagate Ddve - US 41 to Pelican Bay Master Meter (Not in Master Plan) Completed 818 16" Water Main - Airport Road - Vanderbilt Beach Road to Immobile Road (Master Plan Project No. 179) Completed 819 12" Water Main - Immobile Road - Airport Road to Willoughby Acres (Master Plan Project No. 198) Completed 820 16" Water Main - ImmoBile Road - Willoughby Acres to Livingston Road (Master Plan Project No. 178) Completed 823 12" Water Main - CR-951 - Manatee Road to CR-952 (Master Plan Project No. 509, 527) Completed 824 12" Water Main - CR-952 - CR-951 to Isles of Capd Pump Station (Master Plan Project No. 523) Bid - Construction 825 20" Water Main o Rattlesnake Hammock Road o Lely Resort to County Barn Road (Master Plan Project Nos. 450, 451) Completed PW- 47 TABLE PW-11 (continued) COLLIER COUNTY WATER AND SEWER ICWS} DISTRICT POTABLE WATER FACILITIES FY88189 - FY94/95 (See Map PW-19 for Project Locations) PROJECT NO. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 826 12" Water Main - 6th Street - 91 st Avenue to 111 th Avenue (Master Plan Project Nos. 137.140) Com pieted 827 16" Water Main - Gulfshore Ddve, Vanderbilt Beach Road, Vanderbilt Ddve, and 91st Avenue; 11 lth Avenue to 6th Street (Master Plan Project Nos. 261,262,263, 264, 265, 266) Completed 828 North County (Coral Reef) Regional Wellfield - Phase I (Master Plan Project No. NRW-1) Deleted 829 North County Regional Water Treatment Plant (Master Plan Project No. NWTP-1) Completed 830 36" Water Main - Immobile Road - CR-951 to North County Regional Water Treatment Plant (Master Plan Project No. 216) Completed 831 36" Water Main - CR-951 - Vanderbilt Beach Road to Immobile Road (Master Plan Project No. 215) Woodlands PUD (Master Plan Project No. 214) Completed 832 24" Water Main - Immobile Road - CR-951 Completed 833 20" Water Main - Immobile Road - Woodlands PUD to Quail Creek PUD (Master Plan Project No. 212) Completed 834 16" Water Main - Quail Creek PUD - Immobile Road to Quail Creek Storage Tank (Master Plan Project No. 211) Completed 835 16" Water Main - Immobile Road - Quail Creek PUD to Oaks Blvd. (Master Plan Project No. 202) Completed 836 12" Water Main - Immobile Road - Oaks BIrd. to Livingston Road (Master Plan Project No, 184) Completed 837 16" Water Main - Livingston Road Extension (North Naples Roa~Nay MSTU) - Immobile Road to Old US 41 (Master Plan Project Nos. 169,170, 171,255) Not CIE - MSTU 838 1.5 MGD Elevated Storage Tank - US 41 and Old US 41 (Master Plan Project No. ET-1) Deleted PW- 48 TABLE PW-11 (continued) COLLIER COUNTY WATER AND SEWER (CWS) DISTRICT PROPOSED POTABLE WATER FACILITIES FY88/89 - FY94/95 (See Map PW-19 for Project Locations) PROJECT NO. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 839 16" Water Main - Old US 41 - Livingston Road to US 41/OId US 41 Elevated Storage Tank (Master Plan Project No. 167)Deleted 840 16" Water Main - Pine Ridge Road - Livingston Road to Vineyards PUD (Master Plan Project Nos. 302,303) Completed 841 16" Water Main - Davis Boulevard - Foxfire PUD to Glades Water Treatment Plan (Master Plan Project No. 417) Completed 842 5 MG Ground Storage Tank and Pumping Facilities - Collier DRI (Master Plan Project No. GST-4, PS-5) Deleted 843 12" Water Main - Pine Ridge Road - Goodlette Road to Airport Road (Master Plan Project No. 189) Completed 844 12" Water Main - Pine Ridge Road - US 41 to Goodlet're Road (Master Plan Project No. 190) Completed 846 12" Water Main - US 41 - Vanderbilt Beach Road to Gulf Park Ddve (Master Plan Project No. 161) Deleted 847 12" Water Main - Immobile Road - Airport Road to North County Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant Entrance Road (Master Plan Project No. 175) Completed 848 12" Water Main - US 41 - Gulf Park Ddve to Pine Ridge Road (Master Plan Project No. 191) Deleted 849 North County (Coral Reef) Regional Wellfield - Phase II (Master Plan Project No. NRW-2) Deleted 850 Golden Gate Regional Wellfield Expansion Plan Project No. SRW-2) Completed New North County Regional Water Treatment Plant 8 mgd expansion New 8 MGD RO Water Treatment Facility New 12" Water Main - Tamiami Trail - Manatee Road to end of System New 12" Water Main - Livingston Road Wyndemere and Radio Road New 16" Water Main - Radio Road - Santa Barbara Blvd. - CR 951 PW o 49 TABLE PW-11 (continued) COLLIER COUNTY WATER AND SEWER {CWS} DISTRICT PROPOSED POTABLE WATER FACILITIES FY88/89 - FY94/95 (See Map PW-19 for Project Locations) PROJECT NO. PROJECT DESCRIPTION New 12" Water Main- Livingston Road Immobile Rd to Vanderbilt Beach Road New 12" Water main - Livingston Road - Vanderbilt Road - Pine Ridge Road Notes: 1. Project numbers correspond to those presented in the Capital Improvement Element of this Comprehensive Plan. Source: Collier County Water/Sewer District, 1995 The County has established a Concurrency Management System to monitor the Level of Service provided by the private sector. The County has not direct authority to require other pnvate or public systems to address existing and projected deficiencies. This is a politically sensitive topic and State law does not provide direct authority to Counties to accomplish this task. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the County must continue to expand efforts to conserve potable water supplies. The County has made significant inroads in this regard by negotiating agreements with area golf courses for use of wastewater effluent for irrigation needs. This program continues and will be expanded to promote effluent use wherever suitable and sufficient quantities of effluent are available. Further, the County needs to develop an effective public information program promoting conservation methods in general. The recommendations described above are one basis of the Goals, Objectives and Policies presented in the following section. PW- 50 Amended May 19, 1992