Agenda 04/08/2025 Item #16F4 (Resolution - the 2025 Local Mitigation Strategy as part of the statutory update for the Comp Emergency Management Plan)4/8/2025
Item # 16.F.4
ID# 2025-933
Executive Summary
Recommendation to approve a Resolution to adopt the 2025 Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) as a part of the statutory
update requirements for the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan.
OBJECTIVE: Recommendation to the Board to adopt the 2025 Local Mitigation Strategy Plan (LMS) as part of a
statutory process to update the County’s Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan every four years. This update is
required under Florida Statute Chapter 252 and Florida Administrative Code Rule 27P-22, which govern local
mitigation planning and eligibility for state and federal mitigation grants.
CONSIDERATIONS: Collier County faces a variety of natural, technological, and human-made hazards that pose risks
to public health and safety, threaten economic stability, and impact the quality of the natural environment. To mitigate
these risks, a comprehensive planning process has been undertaken through a collaborative partnership between public
and private sector entities within Collier County. This effort has resulted in the “Collier County Multi-Jurisdictional
Local Mitigation Strategy” (LMS), a strategic plan for long-term risk reduction and resilience building.
The Collier County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) is responsible for this
planning process. The LMSWG has conducted in-depth studies to identify specific hazards affecting Collier County and
assessed the risk levels posed by these hazards to the community. Using this data, the LMSWG evaluated the
vulnerability of public facilities, neighborhoods, and other key assets across Collier County to these hazards. This
analysis informed the development of targeted projects and programs—referred to as “mitigation initiatives”—designed
to reduce the county’s vulnerability and enhance its resilience against future disasters.
The Local Mitigation Strategy is developed in accordance with Florida Statute Chapter 252 and Florida Administrative
Code Rule 27P-22, which set forth the requirements for hazard mitigation planning at the local level. The Florida
Division of Emergency Management has approved this LMS plan. The Board’s adoption will help ensure that our
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, also being updated, properly addresses all-hazard preparedness,
response, recovery, mitigation, and prevention.
Maintain Community Emergency Prepardness and disaster resilient efforts.
FISCAL IMPACT: There is no fiscal impact.
GROWTH MANAGEMENT IMPACT: There are no Growth Management Impacts associated with
this action.
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS: This item is approved as to form and legality and requires a majority vote for Board
approval. – JK
RECOMMENDATIONS: The Board adopt the attached resolution in support of the Local Mitigation Strategy Plan as
part of the statutory update to the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan.
PREPARED BY: Dan E. Summers, Director of Emergency Management
ATTACHMENTS:
1. Resolution 2 CAO approved
2. FDEM.Collier.LMSAPALetter.2.18.2025
3. LMS Plan 2025 State Approved
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STATE OF FLORIDA DIVISION OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Ron DeSantis
Governor
Kevin Guthrie
Executive Director
DIVISION HEADQUARTERS Telephone: 850-815-4000 STATE LOGISTICS RESPONSE CENTER
2555 Shumard Oak Boulevard www.FloridaDisaster.org 2702 Directors Row
Tallahassee, FL 32399-2100 Orlando, FL 32809-5631
February 18, 2025
Dan Summers, Director
Collier County Emergency Management
8075 Lely Cultural Parkway, Suite 445
Naples, FL 34113
Re: Collier County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Approved Pending Adoption
Dear Director Summers,
This is to confirm that we have completed a State review of the Collier County Local Mitigation
Strategy (LMS) update for compliance with the federal hazard mitigation planning standards
contained in 44 CFR 201.6(b)-(d). Based on our review and comments, Collier County
developed and submitted all the necessary plan revisions, and our staff has reviewed and
approved these revisions. We have determined that the Collier County LMS plan is compliant
with federal standards, subject to formal community adoption, for the jurisdictions below:
Collier County, Unincorporated City of Naples Airport Authority
Collier County Public Schools Greater Naples Fire Rescue District
City of Everglades City North Collier Fire Control &Rescue District
Immokalee Fire Control District City of Marco Island
City of Naples Port of the Islands
Upon submittal of a copy of all participating jurisdictions’ documentation of their adoption
resolutions to our office, we will send all necessary documentation to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) who will issue formal approval of the Collier County LMS.
If you have any questions regarding this matter, please contact your LMS Liaison Mitchell
Budihas at Mitchell.Budihas@em.myflorida.com or 850-524-4195.
Respectfully,
Laura Dhuwe,
Bureau Chief, Mitigation
State Hazard Mitigation Officer
LD/mb
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Attachments: MEMORADUM: State approval of LMS plans under Program Administration by
States (PAS)
cc: FEMA Region IV, Mitigation Division – Risk Analysis Branch
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Multi-Jurisdictional
Local Mitigation
Strategy
2025
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 20, 2024
Collier County
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary
• Listing of Changes
Section 1: Purpose, Organization & Outreach
Section 2: Summary of Countywide Hazards and Vulnerabilities
Section 3: Mitigation Goals for the Current Planning Period
Section 4: Procedures for Prioritizing Hazard Mitigation Initiatives
Section 5: Application Process & Funding Sources
Section 6: Plan Maintenance
Annexes
• Annex A: Maps
• Annex B: Resolutions Adopting the Local Mitigation Strategy (added once
LMS is approved by State/FEMA)
• Annex C: Procedures to Encourage Public Involvement
• Annex D: Potential Grant Funding Sources
• Annex E: Prioritized Listing of Mitigation Action Items
• Annex F: Local Mitigation Strategy Meeting Minutes
• Annex G: Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group Membership
• Annex H: Project Scoring Criteria
• Annex I: Floodplain Management Plans
NOTE: Send any corrections or comments for this plan to:
amy.howard@colliercountyfl.gov
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 October 31, 2024
i
Collier County
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Collier County faces a variety of natural, technological, and human-made
hazards that pose risks to public health and safety, threaten economic stability,
and impact the quality of the natural environment. To mitigate these risks, a
comprehensive planning process has been undertaken through a collaborative
partnership between public and private sector entities within Collier County. This
effort has resulted in the “Collier County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation
Strategy” (LMS), a strategic plan for long-term risk reduction and resilience
building.
The Collier County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group
(LMSWG) is responsible for this planning process. The LMSWG has conducted
in-depth studies to identify specific hazards affecting Collier County and
assessed the risk levels posed by these hazards to the community. Using this
data, the LMSWG evaluated the vulnerability of public facilities, neighborhoods,
and other key assets across Collier County to these hazards. This analysis
informed the development of targeted projects and programs—referred to as
“mitigation initiatives”—designed to reduce the county’s vulnerability and
enhance its resilience against future disasters.
Mitigation initiatives outlined in this plan are intended to minimize disaster
impacts and promote a safer, more disaster-resilient community. The LMSWG
will continue to develop and implement these initiatives as resources become
available, prioritizing projects based on risk assessments and community needs.
By executing these strategies, Collier County is working to become a safer and
more resilient community.
This LMS document outlines the efforts of the LMSWG over recent years,
including the establishment of the working group, the technical analyses
conducted, and the coordination of mitigation projects proposed by participating
jurisdictions and organizations. Additionally, this strategy incorporates
jurisdictional Floodplain Management Plans where applicable. Through the
continued publication and periodic update of this Local Mitigation Strategy, the
LMSWG invites community-wide involvement to protect the people,
neighborhoods, businesses, and institutions of Collier County from the impacts of
future hazards.
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 19, 2024
ii
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
This page provides a comprehensive overview of all changes made to the Local
Mitigation Strategy since its inception. Some annexes are updated frequently, as they
serve as repositories of information reflecting actions taken by the Local Mitigation
Strategy Working Group during properly noticed public meetings. For the most current
information, readers are encouraged to consult the relevant annexes directly. This table
is organized chronologically to reflect the most recent changes made to the plan at the
top.
Section/Annex Location of Change Change Purpose Date
Entire Plan Entire Plan
Enhanced the overall
clarity and readability
of the plan.
Standardized
formatting, including
font styles and
headings, to ensure
consistency.
Introduced dedicated
cover pages for each
section and annex.
2024 Plan Update:
Improved clarity,
consistency, and
organization.
12/20/2024
Cover Page Cover Page
Incorporated the new
county logo and
updated color
branding throughout
the plan. Refreshed
existing photos and
added new ones where
appropriate.
Enhanced visual
presentation and
updated branding.
12/20/2024
Executive
Summary Executive Summary
Made minor formatting
and language
adjustments to
enhance readability
and conciseness.
Improved accessibility
and understanding. 12/20/2024
Section 1 Section 1
Added and updated
details specific to the
2025 planning cycle.
Incorporated new
cycle-specific
information.
12/20/2024
Section 2 Section 2
The HIRA was
completed by WSP
Environmental LLC,
incorporating recent
hazard impacts and an
updated hazard profile
for the 2020–2024
planning cycle.
Updated risk analysis
and hazard profile. 12/20/2024
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iii
Section/Annex Location of Change Change Purpose Date
Section 3 Section 3
The Mitigation Goals
and Objectives remain
unchanged for this
cycle. Plans for future
updates to this section
are currently in
development.
Ensured consistency
with existing goals
while planning for
future improvements.
12/20/2024
Section 4 Section 4
Refined content for
improved clarity and
readability. Enhanced
the Prioritization Matrix
by streamlining and
standardizing the
formatting.
Improved prioritization
framework and
readability.
12/20/2024
Section 5 Section 5
Refined content for
improved clarity and
readability.
Enhanced clarity and
usability. 12/20/2024
Section 6 Section 6
Improved content for
clarity and readability,
added consistent
formatting, and
incorporated bullet
points for better
organization. Revised
the "Other Plan
References" section by
categorizing
references by plan and
updating links to
external plans and
resources.
Enhanced organization
and accessibility of
referenced
information.
12/20/2024
Annex A Annex A Updated Future Land
Use Map.
Reflected the latest
land use planning. 12/20/2024
Annex B Annex B
No changes until
State/FEMA review is
completed.
Awaiting external
review. 12/20/2024
Annex C Annex C
Improved clarity and
readability, added
press release
template, added
current plan cycle, and
added press releases
from 2020–2024.
Enhanced public
engagement tools and
historical
documentation.
12/20/2024
Annex D Annex D
Removed link to
funding source
spreadsheet, added
Improved detail and
usability for funding
resource
12/20/2024
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Section/Annex Location of Change Change Purpose Date
more detailed
descriptions of all
funding sources.
identification.
Annex E Annex E Improved formatting
and readability.
Enhanced clarity and
organization. 12/20/2024
Annex F Annex F
Added agenda,
minutes, and sign-in
sheets for all LMS
meetings in this
planning cycle (2020–
2024).
Provided
comprehensive
documentation for
meeting records.
12/20/2024
Annex G Annex G
Updated jurisdictions
and Working Group
membership table.
Added Naples Airport
Authority as a Voting
Member as they
provided
documentation of LMS
adoption by resolution.
Sorted the
membership list by
Jurisdiction, then by
Agency, then by
Representation Role.
Also corrected agency
names.
Improved organization
and representation
accuracy in
membership records.
12/20/2024
Annex H Annex H Added cover page.
Enhanced
presentation and
organization.
12/20/2024
Annex I Annex I Added cover page. Improved presentation
and organization. 12/20/2024
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Removed HMGP
Project 4337-225-R
(Freedom Park
Drainage).
Marked as ineligible
based on FDEM review 7/12/2021
Annex G Membership
Added the following
members, per
unanimous vote: Taylor
Sawatzky (PUD, BCC).
Membership updates. 4/16/2021
Annex B Resolutions Added jurisdiction
resolution
Added Collier County
Public School
Resolution. Previously
expired. Re-adopted
per date indicated.
4/13/2021
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Section/Annex Location of Change Change Purpose Date
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Added multiple
projects including
SHWMD Hazardous
Materials Generator
Install & N. County
Water Reclamation
Facility upgrades.
Enhanced
infrastructure and
response capability
1/15/2021
Annex G Membership
Removed Mike
Lalbachan (moved to
Monroe County
Government) and Lisa
Loren (left TSA to start
her own consulting).
Added John
McCormick and
Timothy Rygiel as
Primary and Alternate
to represent the
Facilities Management
Division with the Public
Utilities Department.
Membership updates. 1/15/2021
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Added Immokalee Fire
Control District’s
Station 30 renovation
and Everglades City’s
Allen Avenue Drainage
Improvement.
Updated priority listing 10/16/2020
Annex G Membership
Added Lisa Loren as an
alternate for Ashley
Jones (The Salvation
Army). Unanimous
approval for William
Lang as new Chair and
Christopher Mason as
Vice-Chair, with Rick
Zyvoloski as staff
liaison.
Leadership and
membership updates. 10/16/2020
Annex I Annex I
Neatened the annex
per GMD
administrative action.
To improve clarity and
organization within the
annex.
9/1/2020
Annex G Membership Added Mike Lalbachan
to replace Lisa Oien. Membership updates. 7/17/2020
Annex G Membership
Removed Nicole
Jensen and added
Stephanie Rochow &
Phil Snyderburn.
Membership updates. 7/11/2020
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Section/Annex Location of Change Change Purpose Date
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Completed yearly
project validation and
moved completed
projects to appropriate
section.
Maintained list
relevance 6/11/2020
2 Total Revision Total Revision Added Rewrite 2/20/2020
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Added GNFD Stas. 23
& 90 hardening, Collier
County Stormwater
Projects for Eden
Garden & N. 3rd St.
Updated list based on
annual project review 1/31/2020
2 Corrected an admin
error
A duplication of Civil
Infrastructure
Disruption on page 208
was corrected.
Civil Infrastructure
Disruption on page
208 was corrected
1/19/2020
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Added Marco
Island/Collier County
watermain
interconnect project.
Addressed critical
water infrastructure 1/17/2020
Annex G Membership Lisa Oien resigned due
to a job transfer. Membership updates. 1/17/2020
Annex B Resolutions
Added Community
Development Dist
Resolution
Added Heritage Bay
CDD’s Resolution 10/19/2019
Annex G Membership
Added two members
from the Heritage Bay
Community
Development District:
Dennis Gagne & Jack
Arcurie.
Reflect new
representation. 10/19/2019
Annex C Public Involvement Added Attachments
Added Public Notice
Sample and Social
Media Sample to
include updated ways
we try to involve the
public
7/22/2019
Annex G Membership
Removed the following
due to job changes or
lack of attendance:
Samantha Quinn, C.
Cilek, H. Critchfield, J.
Johnson. Added new
members: A. Jones, R.
Greenberg, S.
D’Angelo, W. Martin, &
A. McLaughlin.
Membership updates. 7/18/2019
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Section/Annex Location of Change Change Purpose Date
Annex B Resolutions Added Jurisdiction
Resolution
Added Immokalee Fire
Control District’s
Resolution
4/22/2019
Annex B Resolutions Added Jurisdiction
Resolution
Added North Collier
Fire & Rescue
District’s Resolution
4/17/2019
Annex B Resolutions Added Jurisdiction
Resolution
Added Greater Naples
Fire Rescue District
Resolution
4/16/2019
Annex B Resolutions Added Jurisdiction
Resolution
Added Collier County
Mosquito Control
District Resolution
3/28/2019
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Added/updated
projects to meet
organizational
requests, removed
completed/obsolete
ones.
Annual Project
Validation 2/8/2019
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Added upgrades to
make the Field House
of the Sports &
Entertainment
Complex a Cat 5+ PSN
shelter.
Enhanced public
shelter capabilities 1/18/2019
Annex G Membership
Removed the following
as voting members due
to lack of attendance:
Chris Niforatos,
Roosevelt Leonard,
Everildo Ybaceta,
James Price. Added
new member Mark
Grajewski.
Maintain active
membership. 1/18/2019
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Added Collier IT’s
800MHz optic cable
redundancy project
and adjusted the cost
of Naples roof project.
Addressed technology
and critical
infrastructure
upgrades
10/19/2018
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Added projects
reviewed during
LMSWG meetings (e.g.,
22/26 Jan. 2018, 5/7
Mar. 2018).
Captured project
updates
Various
2018
Annex G Membership Added FFS mitigation
specialist Melinda
Reflect changes in
representation. 9/12/2018
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Section/Annex Location of Change Change Purpose Date
Avni.
Annex G Membership
Added LCEC’s Bob
Atkins and removed
Peggy Boldissar.
Reflect changes in
representation. 6/8/2018
Annex G Membership Added/removed
members. Membership updates. 5/18/2018
Annex G Membership
Members
changed/added from
Everglades City, Collier
County Public Schools,
and an Interested
Citizen.
Reflect changes in
representation. 2/2/2018
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Revalidated project
priority listing, added
projects, and deleted
obsolete ones.
Maintained list
relevance 10/20/2017
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Collier school district
withdrew project #16
and deferred another
wind protection
project.
Adjusted priorities to
reflect project changes 1/20/2017
Annex I Annex I
Marco Island Annual
Progress Report
added.
To include progress
updates specific to
Marco Island.
4/15/2016
Annex B Resolutions Added Jurisdiction
Resolution
Added Everglades
City’s Resolution 7/14/2015
Annex B Resolutions Added Jurisdiction
Resolution
Added School District
Resolution 4/17/2015
Annex B Resolutions Added Jurisdiction
Resolution
Added Marco Island’s
Resolution 4/8/2015
Annex B Resolutions Added Jurisdiction
Resolution
Added Naples
Resolution 4/1/2015
Annex B Resolutions Added Jurisdiction
Resolution
Added Board of County
Commissioners
Resolution
3/16/2015
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
LCEC’s two projects
(concrete poles and
relay station) moved to
the “Delete Section.”
Removed projects no
longer relevant 10/18/2014
Annex G Membership
Robert Wiley and J. von
Rinteln resigned. Chris
Sparacino elected Vice
Chair. Alternates to
primary members
Membership updates. 10/18/2014
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Section/Annex Location of Change Change Purpose Date
listed (Liz Gosselin,
William Lang &
Caroline Celik).
Annex D Grant Funding
Sources Updated spreadsheet
Added FEMA one-stop
grant search site to
make searching for a
grant easier
7/18/2014
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Updated cost
estimates for project
#’s 22 and 23.
To reflect updated
financial data 1/17/2014
Annex G Membership
Reformatted annex
based on LMSWG
meeting in Oct 2013.
Updated member
status and added
members.
To maintain updated
records. 1/17/2014
Annex G Membership Updated membership
information. Membership updates. 12/4/2013
Annex B Resolutions Added Jurisdiction
Resolution
Added School District
Resolution 10/22/2013
1 para 1.2.1 & para
1.3.1 see yellow highlights
necessary change for
school district
adoption
7/19/2013
2 para 2.5, 2.7, & 2.8.4 see yellow highlights
necessary change for
school district
adoption
7/19/2013
2 Risk Summary Table see yellow highlights
necessary change for
school district
adoption
7/19/2013
Annex B Resolutions Added Fire Dept.
Resolution
Added NN Fire Control
& Rescue District
Resolution
7/19/2013
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Necessary change for
school district
adoption (see Yellow
highlights).
Added/updated school
and public projects.
School district
requirements 7/19/2013
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Section/Annex Location of Change Change Purpose Date
4 para 4.1.2.1 Replaced a sentence
Formalized the
process and date to
establish a specific
timeline for agencies
to notify the LMSWG of
HMGP applications
11/30/2012
5 para 5.2.2 Eliminated a sentence
Eliminated an
inconsistency with
Annex I
11/30/2012
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Updated project dates
and organizational
assignments due to
restructuring.
Added/updated
projects to the Project
Priority Listing (e.g.,
Public Utilities Ops
Center Hurricane Door
Hardening).
Improved prioritization
and accuracy 11/30/2012
Annex H Project Scoring
Criteria
Added "NA" to the
bottom of the score
section in "Cost" #5.
To allow for a "no
score" option for
projects that don’t
have flood insurance.
11/30/2012
Annex G Membership
Updated the section to
add/remove voting
members & changed
Bill Jones’s affiliation
to “Interested
Resident.”
Membership updates. 7/27/2012
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Transferred additional
approved projects to
"Completed" section
(e.g., Immokalee High
School generator
install, E. Naples
Community Center
Wind Retrofit).
Projects marked as
complete 1/20/2012
Annex G Membership
A statement was
added in the preamble
clarifying that this
annex represents
current voting
membership and not
just the membership
invited to participate in
To reflect current
membership. 10/21/2011
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2003.
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Transferred approved
projects to
"Completed" section &
renumbered priorities
(e.g., Marco Island’s
WWTP Wind
Protection, CAT Facility
Wind Retrofit).
Projects marked as
complete 4/15/2011
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Added/removed
approved projects and
renumbered priorities.
Added Proj #10 (Wind
Protection for N.
Collier WTP). Removed
completed projects to
“Completed” section
(Shadowlawn Dr.
Drainage
Improvements).
To maintain accuracy
in project prioritization 4/4/2011
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Added approved
projects and
renumbered priorities.
Added Proj #22 (Wind
Retrofit NNFire
Station) & #23 (CC
Leachate Storage Tank
and Lift Sta. upgrade).
Renumbered project
order to accommodate
additions.
To address additional
hazards 8/12/2010
Annex E Prioritize Proj. List
Added preamble
comments highlighting
that some projects
adopted for certain
hazards also mitigate
effects of other threats
Updated per BCC Jan.
2010 adoption 7/16/2010
Annex H Project Scoring
Criteria
In the COST section
#5, clarified/defined
"Repetitive Loss."
There was confusion
from the applicants
regarding the term;
this change provided
clarity.
7/16/2010
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Annex B Resolutions Added City Resolution
Added Marco Island’s
Resolution to adopt
the LMS
7/13/2010
2 Attachment 1 added Added Attachment 1
per FEMA request,
added information
regarding the “extent”
of the hazards
addressed.
4/9/2010
Annex A Maps
Renumbered maps
and inserted Maps 4
and 4a
Added Everglades City
Current and Future
Land Use Maps
11-Feb-10
1 para 1.3.1 added “NOTE”
directed reader to
Annex J for Floodplain
Management info.
1/26/2010
6 page 3, para. 6.1.5
Added note explaining
the current LMS
approval process &
added date for Annex
A’s approval
Clarified the approval
process and added the
omitted date where
indicated.
1/20/2010
Annex H Mitigation Strategy
The LMSWG voted to
amend the mitigation
strategy (para. B) to
address how initiatives
can get on the priority
listing between
quarterly meetings to
allow submission of
applications for "short-
noticed" grant
opportunities.
To streamline the
process for including
initiatives in the
priority listing for grant
opportunities.
11/1/2009
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3 Goals & Objectives
The LMS working group
voted to add two
paragraphs (4.1.4 &
4.1.5) in order to
account for good
mitigation initiatives
which could not be
quantified on the score
sheet but should be
accepted as projects
that achieve our
mitigation goals (para
4.1.1). Para 4.1.5 was
added to address a
mechanism to
reprioritize initiatives
based on disaster-
specific HMGP
allocations.
To provide flexibility for
the LMSWG to
prioritize initiatives,
particularly in
response to specific
disaster events (e.g.,
focusing on wind-
related initiatives for a
wind event disaster).
2007
Annex F Meeting Minutes
This annex changes
FREQUENTLY as it
contains both the prior
year’s and current
year’s meeting minutes
and directs users to
the location of past
meeting minutes.
Minutes are purged
yearly.
To maintain an
accurate and updated
record of meeting
minutes
Not
Applicable
Annex I Jurisdictional
Floodplain Plans
This annex contains
Jurisdictional
Floodplain Plans and
will either contain or
direct users to the
most current plan.
NFIP participation
requirements added
for the convenience of
the reader.
To provide updated
and accessible
floodplain plan
information.
Not
Applicable
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1
Purpose, Organization,
& Outreach
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1.0 PURPOSE, ORGANIZATION & OUTREACH
1.1 PURPOSE
The Collier County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) was initially
developed with support from the Florida Division of Emergency Management (formerly
the Department of Community Affairs) and funding from the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) to create a comprehensive mitigation plan for the county.
The LMS aims to unify efforts among county and municipal governments, private sector
partners, and community organizations to address hazard vulnerabilities and improve
hazard management across Collier County.
This strategy serves as a guide for county and municipal agencies to:
• Reduce vulnerability to both natural and man-made hazards,
• Establish funding priorities for proposed mitigation projects, and
• Coordinate efforts for disaster response and recovery through designated
disaster assistance funds.
By working collaboratively, the LMS supports long-term resilience in the county by
planning and prioritizing mitigation actions that reduce risks to life, property, and critical
infrastructure.
1.2 PROGRAM ORGANIZATION & MITIGATION STRATEGY PREPARATION
PROCESS
The success of the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) depends on a well-organized
structure and active community participation, facilitated through regular LMS meetings
and dedicated ad hoc committees. The LMS was initially developed in 2004 by the
Collier County Emergency Management Division staff, with input from the public
collected throughout the planning process. During its creation, staff reviewed existing
resources, including the County’s Comprehensive Plan and post-disaster after-action
reports, to build a foundation for hazard mitigation. Public meetings were held to gain
input and to establish the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG), which
continues to lead the LMS’s development and implementation. Following its formation,
the LMSWG completed the drafting of the LMS, which was subsequently adopted by
Collier County, its municipalities, and Collier County Public Schools.
Over time, LMSWG membership has expanded to reflect broader community
representation and expertise. In 2019, three independent fire districts (Immokalee,
North Collier, and Greater Naples) and two special taxing districts (Collier County
Mosquito Control and Heritage Bay Community Development District) joined the
LMSWG. Since the plan’s initial adoption, the LMSWG has periodically updated the
LMS as needed, with changes largely focused on project scoring, project prioritization,
and membership updates. Each quarterly meeting of the LMSWG includes a dedicated
time for reviewing, monitoring, and updating the LMS to ensure it remains current and
effective. These updates are summarized in the “Summary of Changes” section of the
LMS. The LMSWG also maintains a public-facing homepage at https://bit.ly/3OJHZ6F
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where comments, grant opportunities, and LMS updates are posted as they become
available.
Five-Year Plan Update Cycles
The LMS is reviewed and updated every five years to ensure alignment with community
needs, regulatory requirements, and best practices. Each update cycle includes a
comprehensive review and revision of the LMS, often involving external analyses and
extensive public engagement:
• 2010 Cycle: The Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council was contracted to
assist in the development of the county’s Risk Assessment and Vulnerability
Analyses. LMSWG members collaborated with the Chair throughout 2009 to
complete necessary updates, with meeting minutes documenting the discussions
and decisions available on the LMSWG homepage.
• 2015 Cycle: Public engagement remained a priority, with an online draft version
made available for public review and feedback. This cycle included contracted
analyses of flood hazards, including storm surge impacts, led by the county
floodplain manager. Additionally, the Florida Forest Service provided an updated
wildfire hazard assessment.
• 2020 Cycle: Updates during this cycle focused on refining the project scoring
sheet, reassessing mitigation goals, and engaging the public extensively.
Quarterly meeting announcements were distributed through public notices and
social media, actively inviting community comments on the LMS. A “note seeking
public comment” was prominently displayed on the LMS homepage throughout
the review period, and each LMS meeting agenda included an item for public
input on the strategy.
• 2025 Cycle: This cycle emphasizes enhancing the LMS’s readability while
maintaining consistency with FEMA and State requirements. Updates for this
cycle include revisions to reflect current names, agencies, and jurisdictions to
ensure the LMS remains relevant and user-friendly. The Hazard Identification
and Risk Assessment (HIRA) has been comprehensively updated by WSP USA
Environment & Infrastructure, Inc., providing an accurate and current assessment
of Collier County’s hazard risks and vulnerabilities.
By implementing these updates, the LMSWG aims to strengthen the LMS’s
effectiveness and maintain community engagement, ensuring that the LMS remains a
valuable tool for mitigation planning and resilience-building throughout Collier County.
1.2.1 Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group Membership & Quorum for
Business
The Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG), organized under the Collier
County Citizens Corps, is the primary policy-making body for the Local Mitigation
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Strategy (LMS) program. The LMSWG’s role is to guide the formulation,
implementation, and ongoing refinement of the Collier County Multi-Jurisdictional Local
Mitigation Strategy, ensuring broad participation and effective hazard mitigation
planning across the county.
Membership Structure and Requirements
Membership in the LMSWG is open, encouraging participation from public agencies,
private sector organizations, and community stakeholders. However, FEMA requires
specific jurisdictions to adopt the LMS and actively participate in the LMSWG to be
eligible for hazard mitigation project grants. These required jurisdictions include:
• Collier County Government (Board
of County Commissioners)
• City of Marco Island
• City of Naples
• City of Naples Airport Authority
• Everglades City
• Collier County Public Schools
• Collier Mosquito Control District
• North Collier Fire Control and Rescue
District
• Immokalee Fire Control District
• Greater Naples Fire Rescue District
• Naples Airport Authority
• Lee County Electric Cooperative
• Port of the Islands Community
Improvement District
Voting Members
Voting privileges are granted to residents of Collier County or those with a significant
business or professional interest in the county, such as employees or local business
owners. Private nonprofit organizations, while not required to formally adopt the LMS,
are invited to participate actively and contribute to the planning process.
To obtain voting membership, individuals or entities must request to be “participating
members” at an LMSWG meeting, where the group will vote to approve the request.
Each approved voting entity is entitled to one vote on LMS matters, including project
prioritization and plan updates. Voting representatives can appoint designated
alternates to attend and vote in their absence, ensuring continuity in participation. When
setting project priorities for mitigation grant applications, each jurisdiction holds one vote
to maintain balanced representation.
Non-Voting Participants
All LMSWG meetings, whether quarterly or special sessions, are open to the public.
Non-voting participants, including local and regional agencies involved in hazard
mitigation, regulatory development authorities, and other interested community
members, are encouraged to attend. Meeting announcements are made publicly
through press releases and posted on the LMSWG’s webpage, which also includes
agendas and past meeting minutes at https://bit.ly/3OJHZ6F.
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Leadership and Roles
The LMSWG elects a Chair and Vice-Chair annually from within its membership. Both
positions may be re-elected if the membership agrees. The Chair leads meetings and
may only vote to break a tie. The Vice-Chair holds voting rights unless they are acting
as Chair in the Chair’s absence. These leaders guide discussions, ensure that meetings
adhere to protocols, and facilitate the administrative and strategic activities of the
LMSWG.
Responsibilities of Voting Members
Voting members, also known as “participating members,” are required to:
1. Attend all scheduled LMSWG meetings, sending a qualified alternate if the
primary member is unavailable. An alternate’s attendance prevents the absence
from being counted against the member’s participation record.
2. Provide requested information within designated timeframes, supporting the
LMSWG’s goals and objectives.
3. Update and maintain jurisdiction-specific information in the LMS, ensuring data
accuracy and completeness.
Quorum for Conducting Business
To conduct official business, the LMSWG requires a quorum of at least five voting
members. Once a quorum is present, a simple majority vote decides on LMS actions
and priorities.
Revocation of Voting Status
Consistent attendance is critical for maintaining voting privileges within the LMSWG. A
designated jurisdiction that fails to attend two properly noticed meetings within a
calendar year, without a designated alternate attending, may lose its voting status. In
such cases, the LMS Chair will notify the jurisdiction of the potential loss of voting
privileges and, if not corrected, inform the highest authority within the jurisdiction (such
as the City Manager, Public Schools Superintendent, or District Director) that the
jurisdiction is no longer eligible for FEMA mitigation grants until “participating
membership” is re-established.
Non-jurisdictional voting members (such as private citizens or nonprofit representatives)
who miss three consecutive properly noticed meetings without a valid excuse will be
reviewed for potential voting revocation. Reinstatement of voting privileges requires a
majority vote by the LMSWG to maintain active and informed membership.
Public and Member Comments
Comments submitted by members unable to attend meetings or from the public are
welcomed. All comments received in advance are reviewed, discussed, and entered
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into the meeting record to ensure all perspectives are considered in the decision-making
process.
1.2.2 Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group’s Committees
The Chair of the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) is authorized to
establish committees as needed to support the objectives of the Local Mitigation
Strategy (LMS). Committee members are not limited to LMSWG members; they may
include individuals with specialized expertise relevant to specific mitigation goals.
Initially, three core committees were established to assist with program and plan
development:
• Vulnerability Analysis Committee
• Finance & Outreach Committee
• Community Rating System (CRS) Committee
Over time, these committees evolved into two ad hoc sub-committees—the Community
Rating System (CRS) Committee and the Wildfire Mitigation Committee. At the most
recent LMSWG meeting, a new Vulnerability Analysis Steering Committee was
added to provide focused guidance on risk and vulnerability assessments within the
LMS.
The LMSWG Chair may also convene Special Meetings as necessary to address
specific issues. When a Special Meeting is called, a public notice will be issued at least
10 days before the meeting to ensure transparency and community participation.
1.2.3 Conflict Resolution
If less than 50% of the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) opposes a
particular issue, the following steps will be taken to resolve the disagreement:
1. Initial Meeting with Opposing Parties: A separate meeting will be arranged
with those who oppose the issue, focusing on identifying the root causes of their
concerns and exploring possible compromises. While other interested parties
may attend, their attendance is not mandatory.
2. Further Discussion with Key Representatives: If a compromise seems
achievable but requires additional discussion, a follow-up meeting may be held.
This meeting would include a representative from the Board of County
Commissioners (BCC) and a mayor or representative from the city councils of the
opposing municipalities. A state representative may be invited if their input is
considered beneficial.
3. Final Informal Resolution Attempt: Should opposition persist among a small
minority of LMSWG members, a final informal meeting will be convened with the
entire BCC and the relevant city councils or commissions.
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4. Handling Opposition from Non-Governmental Entities: Disputes raised by
non-governmental participants will be addressed following the same steps
outlined above.
5. Formal Mediation Process: If no resolution is reached through informal efforts,
the matter will be referred to the full Collier County Citizen Corps for further
consideration. If 75% of the Citizen Corps recommends additional resolution
efforts, the formal Conflict Resolution Process of the Southwest Florida Regional
Planning Council will be initiated. Conversely, if 75% of the Citizen Corps advises
against further mediation, the issue will be tabled.
All meetings of the LMSWG, its subcommittees, and the Citizen Corps are conducted in
accordance with Florida’s Government in the Sunshine Law. This ensures that all
meetings are open to the public and properly advertised to promote transparency and
community involvement.
1.3 LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY OUTREACH, PARTICIPATION & MEETING
REQUIREMENTS
Currently, the only participation requirements apply to “Participating Jurisdictions” and
designated voting members. If a voting member is unable to attend, an alternate may
attend in their place to ensure continuity. However, alternates may only vote if
specifically permitted by the LMSWG membership.
The LMSWG holds quarterly meetings at a minimum, with additional meetings
scheduled as needed. All meetings are announced with reasonable notice through the
Collier County Communications & Customer Relations Division and posted on the LMS
website (https://bit.ly/3OJHZ6F) to encourage public involvement. Subcommittees, if
formed, will establish their own schedules, provide proper notice of meeting times and
locations, and report their findings to the LMSWG.
Meeting minutes are publicly accessible on the LMS website, providing a record of all
discussions and decisions. For those who need hard copies of the minutes, the
Emergency Management Division staff can provide them upon request.
1.3.1 PARTICIPATING JURISDICTIONS
To qualify for funding under several federal mitigation programs, jurisdictions must
formally adopt the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) and actively participate in the Local
Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG). Programs requiring LMS participation
include the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), Building Resilient
Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC), Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA),
Community Development Block Grant - Mitigation (CDBG-MIT), and the Pre-
Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program. Additionally, participation in the LMS is necessary
to access funding opportunities through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
Community Rating System (CRS), U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
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Resilience Grants, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Flood Risk
Management Program.
Jurisdictions must adopt the LMS through a formal resolution or interlocal agreement to
remain eligible for these funding opportunities. Copies of these resolutions and
agreements, along with the Board of County Commissioners' agenda item summary,
are included in Annex B. The current LMS Working Group membership roster can be
found in Annex H.
The original "Participating Jurisdictions" (those that adopted the plan) remain involved,
with all but Everglades City also participating in the National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS). For further details on how Collier County and
its jurisdictions comply with NFIP, see Annex I. The following are the current
Participating Jurisdictions:
• Collier County Government (Board
of County Commissioners)
• City of Marco Island
• City of Naples
• City of Naples Airport Authority
• Everglades City
• Collier County Public Schools
• Collier Mosquito Control District
• North Collier Fire Control and Rescue
District
• Immokalee Fire Control District
• Greater Naples Fire Rescue District
• Naples Airport Authority
• Lee County Electric Cooperative
• Port of the Islands Community
Improvement District
Responsibilities of Participating Jurisdictions
Each participating jurisdiction is expected to:
1. Nominate a Primary and Alternate Representative: Representatives must
attend and actively participate in all scheduled LMSWG meetings. To ensure
informed participation, nominees should have the support of their jurisdiction’s
chief executive.
2. Provide Required Information: Furnish all information requested by the
LMSWG within established timeframes.
3. Maintain Accurate LMS Data: Update and manage jurisdiction-specific
information in the LMS to keep it current.
4. Ratify the Final LMS: Formally adopt the LMS as ratified by the Board of County
Commissioners, either by resolution or another legal method, to confirm
participation and commitment to the mitigation strategy.
1.3.2 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) and other Governmental Entities
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other governmental entities are
encouraged to participate in the LMS Working Group (LMSWG) and may qualify for
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Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) grant sponsorship by following the meeting participation
standards outlined for Participating Jurisdictions.
Adjacent counties and the Seminole Tribe, represented by their emergency
management offices, are also invited to participate. These external jurisdictions, along
with the general public, receive LMSWG meeting invitations via email and public notices
distributed through the Collier County Communications and Customer Relations
Division.
1.3.3 The Public and Private Sector
Participation by private organizations and the public in the Local Mitigation Strategy
Working Group (LMSWG) is voluntary. However, attendance, comments, and
contributions from these groups are actively encouraged, monitored, and documented
to ensure broad community engagement. When the LMS was first established in 2004,
a comprehensive public invitation to participate was disseminated through multiple
channels, including newspaper announcements, broadcast faxes (to over 900
businesses, condominiums, mobile home parks, and private schools), email lists
(reaching over 1,000 addresses), and online postings on the LMS website
(https://bit.ly/3OJHZ6F).
A targeted invitation is also extended to key organizations, including:
• Municipal Governments: Cities of Naples, Marco Island, and Everglades City
• Collier County Sheriff’s Office
• Collier County Clerk of Courts
• Collier County Property Appraiser
• American Red Cross
• Florida Gulf Coast University
• Collier County Public Schools
• Hodges University
• Florida Power & Light
• Lee County Electric Cooperative
• Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council
• Naples Chamber of Commerce
• Immokalee Friendship House
• South Florida Water Management District
• Naples Community Hospital
• Florida Department of Health
• Florida Division of Law Enforcement
• Florida Forest Service
• Immokalee Independent Fire District
• North Collier Fire Control and Rescue District
• Greater Naples Fire Rescue District
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• Florida Department of Agriculture
• Florida Division of Emergency Management
Since then, meeting invitations have been sent out regularly via an updated email
distribution list, posted on the LMS website, and announced through the County’s public
notice process. Draft minutes and agendas are included in each meeting invitation to
keep stakeholders informed. Procedures to ensure public involvement can be found in
Annex D, and Annex G contains records of community participation.
The current email distribution list includes contacts from various agencies, departments,
and emergency management organizations in Collier County and neighboring areas.
Representatives are notified of upcoming meetings and encouraged to contribute to
discussions on hazard mitigation. Each meeting’s summary, attendance, public
invitations, comments, and related documentation are available on the LMS webpage to
ensure transparency and community involvement.
1.4 JURISDICTIONAL ADOPTION OF THE LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY
To participate in and benefit from the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) program at the
local, state, and federal levels, each jurisdiction must formally adopt the LMS. This is
done by completing and filing a fully executed resolution or interlocal agreement, as
outlined in Annex B. These documents must meet adoption standards jointly
established and periodically updated by the Collier County Board of County
Commissioners and the LMS Working Group (LMSWG).
1.5 NEW JURISDICTIONS/ENTITIES
If county restructuring results in the addition, deletion, or merging of jurisdictions, the
Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) will adjust its voting member rolls accordingly. Any
newly defined jurisdiction will be required to submit all necessary documentation to
participate in the LMS program.
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Summary of
Countywide Hazards
and Vulnerabilities
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2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) is to understand
the hazards and associated risks that threaten the Collier County planning area in order
to enable the development of effective mitigation actions. This HIRA profiles 23 natural
and technological hazards identified by the Collier County LMS Wor king Group and
covers all of Collier County, including the unincorporated County and all incorporated
jurisdictions* participating in this plan.
*Note on Seminole Tribe Participation: While the Seminole Tribe of Florida is included in the hazard analysis to
provide a comprehensive understanding of risks across Collier County, the Tribe is not a formal participant in the
Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG). Due to their sovereign status, the Seminole Tribe operates
independently and is a direct grantee with the federal government for hazard mitigation funding and planning
initiatives. However, coordination efforts with the Tribe are encou raged to ensure regional resilience and alignment of
mitigation efforts where applicable.
Plan Revisions and Changes in Priorities
The Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) undergoes periodic revisions to reflect
changes in priorities influenced by several factors, including new leadership, recent
hazard events, evolving risk assessments, public input, and updates to federal and state
guidelines. Key sections of the LMS that have been revised include goals and objectives,
risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and project prioritization methods.
• New Leadership: Changes in key personnel within Collier County and other
stakeholder agencies have brought fresh perspectives and priorities to the LMS,
influencing the focus of mitigation efforts.
• Recent Hazard Events: The LMS has been updated in response to recent events
such as hurricanes, flooding, and wildfire incidents, which highlighted
vulnerabilities and informed new mitigation strategies.
• Public Input: Ongoing engagement with the community through public meetings,
surveys, and outreach initiatives has identified emerging concerns and informed
plan adjustments.
• Risk Assessment Updates: The latest Hazard Identification and Risk
Assessment (HIRA), conducted by WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure, Inc.,
has provided updated data, leading to revisions in mitigation strategies and
prioritization.
• Regulatory and Policy Changes: Compliance with updated FEMA and Florida
Division of Emergency Management requirements has necessitated modifications
to ensure alignment with best practices and funding eligibility criteria.
These revisions ensure that the LMS remains a dynamic and responsive document,
continuously adapting to the county’s changing needs and priorities.
As defined by FEMA, risk is a combination of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure. The
risk assessment process identifies and profiles relevant hazards and assesses the
exposure of lives, property, and infrastructure to these hazards. As a foundation of this
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risk assessment, an asset inventory was compiled summarizing the buildings and
infrastructure at risk within each jurisdiction according to current available parcel data and
input from the LMS Working Group. This asset inventory details the total exposure of the
planning area to hazard events and was used to evaluate vulnerability specific to each
hazard.
This risk assessment followed the methodology described in the FEMA publication
Understanding Your Risks—Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses (FEMA 386-2,
2002). Each hazard profile in this HIRA describes the type, location, and extent of the
hazard; includes information on previous occurrences of the hazard event; discusses the
probability of future hazard events; describes the hazard’s impact on the community; and
summarizes overall vulnerability. Where quantitative and/or spatial data on hazard risk
was available, overall vulnerability includes an evaluation of potential impacts based on
each community’s exposure according to the asset inventory. Additionally, a discussion
of the potential impacts of climate change on future hazard events can be found in each
hazard profile.
To summarize each hazard’s overall risk to the planning area and prioritize hazards
relative to each other, each hazard was also evaluated using the Priority Risk Index (PRI).
The PRI methodology enabled the LMS Working Group to rate the hazards according to
their probability, impact, spatial extent, warning time, and duration to produce an overall
PRI score for each hazard. The process allows for a better understanding of the potential
risk to natural hazards in the planning area and provides a framework for developing and
prioritizing mitigation actions to reduce risk from future hazard events.
The natural and technological hazards profiled in this risk assessment and the ir
associated PRI ratings are summarized below.
Hazard Probability Impact Spatial
Extent Warning Time Duration PRI
Score
Natural Hazards
Flood Highly Likely Critical Large 6 to 12 hours Less than 1 week 3.5
Tropical Cyclones Likely Catastrophic Large More than 24 hrs Less than 1 week 3.3
Severe Storms1, 2
(Thunderstorm) Highly Likely Limited Large Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 3.1
Severe Storms1
(Lightning) Highly Likely Minor Negligible Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 2.2
Severe Storms1 (Hail) Highly Likely Minor Small Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 2.4
Severe Storms1, 2
(Tornado) Highly Likely Critical Small Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 3.0
Wildfire2 Likely Critical Moderate Less than 6 hrs Less than 1 week 3.1
Coastal Erosion2 Likely Limited Small More than 24 hrs Less than 1 week 2.3
Drought Likely Minor Large More than 24 hrs More than 1 week 2.5
Extreme Heat Highly Likely Limited Large More than 24 hrs Less than 1 week 3.0
Sea Level Rise and
other Climate Change
Characteristics2
Likely Critical Large More than 24 hrs More than 1 week 3.1
Sinkholes Unlikely Limited Negligible Less than 6 hrs More than 1 week 1.9
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Hazard Probability Impact Spatial
Extent Warning Time Duration PRI
Score
Winter Storms and
Freeze Likely Limited Large More than 24 hrs Less than 1 week 2.7
Earthquake Unlikely Minor Moderate Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 1.7
Tsunami2 Unlikely Limited Moderate 6 to 12 hrs Less than 24 hrs 2.0
Technological and Human-Caused Hazards & Threats
Major Transportation
Incidents Possible Critical Negligible Less than 6 hrs More than 1 week 2.5
Pandemic Outbreak Possible Critical Moderate More than 24 hrs More than 1 week 2.6
Hazardous Materials Likely Limited Negligible Less than 6 hrs Less than 24 hrs 2.3
Coastal Oil Spills2 Possible Limited Small 6 to 12 hrs More than 1 week 2.3
Nuclear Power Plant2 Unlikely Catastrophic Small Less than 6
hours More than 1 week 2.7
Terrorism Unlikely Catastrophic Negligible Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 2.2
Mass Migration
Incident Possible Critical Moderate 6 to 12 hrs More than 1 week 2.8
Civil Disturbance Possible Limited Small Less than 6 hrs Less than 1 week 2.3
Critical Infrastructure
Disruption Possible Critical Large Less than 6 hrs Less than 1 week 3.0
Special Events Likely Minor Negligible Less than 6 hrs Less than 24 hrs 2.0
Red Tide/Algae
Bloom2 Likely Limited Small More than 24 hrs More than 1 week 2.4
1Severe Storms and Tornadoes hazards average to a score of 2.76 and are therefore
considered together as a moderate-risk hazard.
2Note: These risks varied by jurisdiction, so the most severe score is shown.
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The results from the PRI were classified into three categories based on the assigned
risk value:
• High Risk (≥ 3.0) – Widespread potential impact. This ranking carries a high
threat to the general population and/or built environment. The potential for
damage is widespread.
• Medium Risk (2.0 – 2.9) – Moderate potential impact. This ranking carries a
moderate threat level to the general population and/or built environment. Here
the potential damage is more isolated and less costly than a more widespread
disaster.
• Low Risk (< 2.0) – Minimal potential impact. The occurrence and potential cost of
damage to life and property is minimal. This is not a priority hazard.
The high, moderate, and low risk hazards relevant to Collier County are listed below.
High Risk
(≥ 3.0)
Flood
Tropical Cyclones
Wildfire
Sea Level Rise
Extreme Heat
Civil Infrastructure Disruption
Moderate Risk
(2.0 – 2.9)
Severe Storms (Thunderstorm, Lightning, Hail, Tornado)
Drought
Coastal Erosion
Winter Storms and Freeze
Tsunami
Mass Migration Incident
Nuclear Power Plant
Pandemic Outbreak
Major Transportation Incidents
Red Tide/Algae Bloom
Hazardous Materials
Coastal Oil Spills
Civil Disturbance
Terrorism
Special Events
Low Risk
(< 2.0)
Sinkholes
Earthquake
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CONTENTS
2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK
ASSESSMENT ................................................. I
2.1 Overview ......................................................... 6
2.2 Hazard Identification ........................................ 7
2.3 Risk Assessment Methodology and
Assumptions .................................................. 13
2.4 Asset Inventory .............................................. 17
2.4.1 Building Exposure...................................................18
2.4.2 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure Exposure ........19
2.5 Hazard Profiles, Analysis, and Vulnerability .. 25
2.5.1 Flood.......................................................................25
2.5.2 Tropical Cyclones ...................................................71
2.5.3 Severe Storms and Tornadoes...............................91
2.5.4 Wildfire..................................................................111
2.5.5 Coastal Erosion ....................................................126
2.5.6 Drought .................................................................135
2.5.7 Extreme Heat........................................................143
2.5.8 Sea Level Rise and other Climate Change
Characteristics ......................................................149
2.5.9 Sinkholes ..............................................................162
2.5.10 Winter Storms and Freeze ....................................171
2.5.11 Earthquake ...........................................................178
2.5.12 Tsunami ................................................................188
2.5.13 Major Transportation Incidents .............................193
2.5.14 Pandemic Outbreak ..............................................204
2.5.15 Hazardous Materials.............................................215
2.5.16 Coastal Oil Spills ..................................................225
2.5.17 Nuclear Power Plant .............................................231
2.5.18 Terrorism ..............................................................237
2.5.19 Mass Migration Incident ........................................245
2.5.20 Civil Disturbance...................................................250
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2.5.21 Critical Infrastructure Disruption ...........................256
2.5.22 Special Events ......................................................261
2.5.23 Red Tide / Algae Bloom ........................................265
2.6 Conclusions on Hazard Risk ....................... 272
2.7 References .................................................. 275
2.1 OVERVIEW
This section describes the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment process for the
development of the Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy. It describes how the
County met the above requirements from 44 CFR 201.6 and the following Community
Rating System Activity 510 planning steps:
• Planning Step 4: Assess the Hazard
• Planning Step 5: Assess the Problem
As defined by FEMA, risk is a combination of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure. “It is
the impact that a hazard would have on people, services, facilities, and structures in a
community and refers to the likelihood of a hazard event resulting in an adverse
condition that causes injury or damage.”
This hazard risk assessment covers all of Collier County, including the unincorporated
County and all incorporated jurisdictions participating in this plan.
Requirement §201.6(c)(2): [The plan shall include] A risk assessment that provides the factual basis for activities proposed
in the strategy to reduce losses from identified hazards. Local risk assessments must provide sufficient information to
enable the jurisdiction to identify and prioritize appropriate mitigation actions to reduce losses from identified hazards.
Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i): [The risk assessment shall include a] description of the type…of all natural hazards that can
affect the jurisdiction.
Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i): [The risk assessment shall include a] description of the…location and extent of all natural
hazards that can affect the jurisdiction. The plan shall include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and
on the probability of future hazard events.
44 CFR Subsection D §201.6(c)(2)(ii): [The risk assessment shall include a] description of the jurisdiction’s vulnerability t o
the hazards described in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section. This description shall include an overall summary of each haza rd
and its impact on the community. Plans approved after October 1, 2008 must also address NFIP insured structures that
have been repetitively damaged by floods. The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of:
A) The types and numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities located in the identified hazard
areas;
(B): An estimate of the potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures identified in paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(A) of this section and a
description of the methodology used to prepare the estimate; and
(C): Providing a general description of land uses and development trends within the community so that mitigation options
can be considered in future land use decisions.
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The risk assessment process identifies and profiles relevant hazards and assesses the
exposure of lives, property, and infrastructure to these hazards. The process allows for
a better understanding of the potential risk to natural hazards in the county and provides
a framework for developing and prioritizing mitigation actions to reduce risk from future
hazard events. This risk assessment followed the methodology described in the FEMA
publication Understanding Your Risks—Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses
(FEMA 386-2, 2002), which breaks the assessment down to a four-step process:
Data collected through this process has been incorporated into the following sections of
this plan:
• Section 2.2: Hazard Identification identifies the natural and human -caused
hazards that occur in the planning area.
• Section 2.3: Risk Assessment Methodology and Assumptions summarizes the
approach used to develop this risk assessment.
• Section 2.4: Asset Inventory details buildings and critical facilities at risk within
the planning area.
• Section 2.5: Hazard Profiles, Analysis, and Vulnerability discusses each hazard,
describes past occurrences and the likelihood of future occurrences, and
assesses the planning area’s exposure to each hazard profiled; considering
assets at risk, critical facilities, and future development trends.
• Section 2.6: Conclusions on Hazard Risk summarizes the results of the Priority
Risk Index and defines each hazard as a Low, Medium, or High-Risk hazard.
2.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
To identify hazards relevant to the planning area, the LMS working group began with a
review of the list of hazards identified in the 2023 State Hazard Mitigation Plan and the
2020 Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) as summarized in Table 2.1. The
LMS working group used these lists to identify a full range of hazards for potential
inclusion in this plan update and to ensure consistency across these planning efforts. All
hazards listed below were evaluated for inclusion in this plan update.
1. Identify
Hazards
2. Profile
Hazard
Events
3. Inventory
Assets
4. Estimate
Losses
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Table 2.1 – Full Range of Hazards Evaluated
Hazard Included in 2023 State HMP? Included in 2020 Collier
County LMS?
Flood Yes Yes
Tropical Cyclones Yes Yes (Storm Surge)
Severe Storms and Tornadoes Yes Yes
Wildfire Yes Yes
Coastal Erosion Yes Yes
Drought Yes Yes
Extreme Heat Yes Yes
Sea Level Rise and other Climate Change
Characteristics Yes (Flooding) Yes
Sink holes Yes Yes
Winter Storms and Freeze Yes Yes
Earthquake Yes Yes
Tsunami Yes Yes
Major Transportation Incidents Yes Yes
Dam Failure Yes No
Pandemic Outbreak Yes Yes
Hazardous Materials Yes Yes
Coastal Oil Spills Yes (Hazardous Materials) Yes
Nuclear Power Plant Yes Yes
Terrorism Yes Yes
Mass Migration Incident Yes Yes
Civil Disturbance Yes Yes
Critical Infrastructure Disruption (Cyber) Yes Yes
Special Events (Dignitary visits or events of
national significance) No Yes
Red Tide/Algae Bloom Yes Yes
Agricultural Disruption Yes No
Space Weather Yes No
The LMS working group evaluated the above list of hazards using existing hazard data,
past disaster declarations, local knowledge, and information from the 20 23 State Plan
and the 2020 Collier County Plan to determine the significance of these hazards to the
planning area. Significance was measured in general terms and focused on key criteria
such as frequency and resulting damage, which includes deaths and injuries, as well as
property and economic damage.
One key resource in this effort was the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration’s National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI), which has been
tracking various types of severe weather since 1950. Their Storm Events Database
contains an archive by county of destructive storm or weather data and information
which includes local, intense and damaging events. NCEI receives storm data from the
National Weather Service (NWS), which compiles their information from a variety of
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sources, including but not limited to: county, state and federal emergency management
officials; local law enforcement officials; SkyWarn spotters; NWS damage surveys;
newspaper clipping services; the insurance industry and the general public, among
others. The NCEI database contains 413 records of severe weather events that
occurred in Collier County in the 24-year period from 2000 through 2023. Table 2.2
summarizes these events.
Table 2.2 – NCEI Severe Weather Reports for Collier County, 2000 – 2023
Type # of
Events Property Damage Crop Damage Deaths Injuries
Coastal Flood 9 $71,000 $0 0 0
Dense Fog 4 $0 $0 0 0
Drought 78 $0 $0 0 0
Extreme Cold/Wind Chill 7 $0 $34,030,000 0 0
Flash Flood 9 $340,000 $0 0 0
Flood 18 $43,500 $0 0 0
Frost/Freeze 22 $0 $301,030,000 0 0
Funnel Cloud 28 $0 $0 0 0
Hail 45 $500 $0 0 0
Heavy Rain 4 $60,000 $0 0 0
High Wind 2 $5,000 $0 0 0
Hurricane (Typhoon) 9 $2,425,000,000 $0 1 0
Lightning 32 $4,826,600 $0 4 13
Rip Current 1 $0 $0 0 6
Storm Surge/Tide 8 $6,060,000 $0 3 0
Thunderstorm Wind 62 $207,500 $0 0 0
Tornado 27 $906,590 $0 0 2
Tropical Depression 7 $0 $0 0 0
Tropical Storm 7 $70,000 $0 0 0
Waterspout 6 $0 $0 0 0
Wildfire 24 $5,428,000 $0 0 1
Total: 413 $2,443,018,690 $335,063,000 8 22
Source: National Center for Environmental Information Storm Events Database,
September 2024
Note: Losses reflect totals for all impacted areas for each event.
The LMS working group also researched past events that resulted in a federal and/or
state emergency or disaster declaration for Collier County in order to identify significant
hazards. Two types of disaster declarations are provided in the Stafford Disaster Relief
and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988: emergency declarations and major disaster
declarations. If a disaster is so severe that both the local and state government
capacities are exceeded, a federal emergency or disaster declaration allows for the
provision of federal assistance.
• Emergency declarations: When federal assistance is needed, the President of
the United States can declare an emergency for any occasion or disaster.
Emergency declarations aide State and local efforts in providing emergency
services that help protect human lives.
• Major disaster declarations: When a local government’s capacity has been
surpassed, a state disaster declaration may be issued, allowing for the provision
of state assistance. Federal and/or state disaster declarations may be granted
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when the Governor certifies that the combined local, county, and state resources
are insufficient, and the situation is beyond their recovery capabilities.
Records of designated counties for FEMA major disaster declarations start in 1964.
Since then, Florida has been designated in 83 major disaster declarations, and Collier
County, including the Immokalee Indian Reservation, has been designated in 31 major
disaster declarations, as detailed in Table 2.3, and 17 emergency declarations, as
detailed in Table 2.4. A few designations including Hurricane Ian, COVID-19 Pandemic,
Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Dorian are repeated as one disaster declaration was
issued for Collier County and one for the Seminole Tribe Immokalee Reservation.
Table 2.3 – FEMA Major Disaster Declarations, Collier County
Disaster # Declaration Date Incident Type Event Title
4734 8/31/2023 Hurricane Hurricane Idalia
4680 12/13/2022 Hurricane Hurricane Nicole
4675 9/30/2022 Hurricane Hurricane Ian – Seminole Tribe
4673 9/29/2022 Hurricane Hurricane Ian
4545 5/8/2020 Biological COVID-19 Pandemic – Seminole Tribe
4486 3/25/2020 Biological COVID-19 Pandemic
4341 9/27/2017 Hurricane Hurricane Irma -Seminole Tribe
4337 9/10/2017 Hurricane Hurricane Irma
4084 10/18/2012 Hurricane Hurricane Isaac
4068 7/3/2012 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Debby
1785 8/24/2008 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Fay
1609 10/24/2005 Hurricane Hurricane Wilma
1602 8/28/2005 Hurricane Hurricane Katrina
1561 9/26/2004 Hurricane Hurricane Jeanne
1551 9/16/2004 Hurricane Hurricane Ivan
1545 9/4/2004 Hurricane Hurricane Frances
1539 8/13/2004 Severe Storm(s) Hurricane Charley and Tropical Storm Bonnie
1393 9/28/2001 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Gabrielle
1359 2/5/2001 Freeze Severe freeze
1345 10/4/2000 Severe Storm(s) Heavy rains and flooding
1306 10/20/1999 Hurricane Hurricane Irene
1223 6/18/1998 Fire Extreme Fire Hazard
1195 1/6/1998 Tornado Tornadoes
1069 10/4/1995 Hurricane Hurricane Opal
982 3/13/1993 Severe Storm(s) Tornadoes, flooding, high winds, tides, freezing
955 8/24/1992 Hurricane Hurricane Andrew
851 1/15/1990 Freeze Severe freeze
732 3/18/1985 Freeze Severe freeze
526 1/31/1977 Severe Storm(s) Severe winter weather
304 3/15/1971 Freeze Freeze
209 9/14/1965 Hurricane Hurricane Betsy
Source: FEMA Disaster Declarations Summary, September 2024
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Table 2.4 – FEMA Emergency Declarations, Collier County
Disaster # Dec. Date Incident Type Event Title/Description
3622 10/07/2024 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Milton
3615 9/24/2024 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Helene
3605 8/3/2024 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Debby
3596 8/28/2023 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Idalia
3588 11/9/2022 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Nicole – Seminole Tribe
3587 11/8/2022 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Nicole
3584 9/24/2022 Hurricane Tropical Storm Ian
3561 7/4/2021 Severe Storm Tropical Storm Elsa
3468 3/13/2020 Biological COVID-19 Pandemic
3432 3/13/2020 Biological COVID-19 Pandemic
3420 8/31/2019 Hurricane Hurricane Dorian – Seminole Tribe
3419 8/30/2019 Hurricane Hurricane Dorian
3385 9/5/2017 Hurricane Hurricane Irma
3288 8/21/2008 Severe Storm Tropical Storm Fay
3259 9/20/2005 Tropical Storm Tropical Storm Rita
3220 9/5/2005 Hurricane Hurricane Katrina Evacuation
3150 10/15/1999 Hurricane Tropical Storm Irene
3139 4/27/1999 Fire Fire Hazard
3131 9/25/1998 Hurricane Hurricane Georges
Source: FEMA Disaster Declarations Summary, September 2024
Using the above information and additional discussion, the LMS working group
evaluated each hazard’s significance to the planning area in order to decide which
hazards to include in this plan update. Some hazard titles have been updated either to
better encompass the full scope of a hazard or to assess closely related hazards
together. Table 2.5 summaries the determination made for each hazard.
Table 2.5 – Hazard Evaluation Results
Hazard Included in this
plan update? Explanation for Decision
Natural Hazards
Flood Yes
The 2020 Collier County plan and 2023 State plan addressed this hazard.
As a coastal county, 95 percent of the county is within the 100-year-
floodplain, and the county is also vulnerable to localized and stormwater
flooding.
Tropical Cyclones Yes
Both the 2020 Collier County plan and the 2023 State plan addressed
Tropical Cyclones. Since 1965, the county has received 22 Major Disaster
declarations from FEMA for Hurricanes/Tropical storms.
Severe Storms and
Tornadoes Yes
The 2020 Collier County plan profiled these hazards together. The County
experienced 89 thunderstorm wind and tornado events causing over $1.1m
in damages.
Wildfire Yes
The 2020 Collier County plan as well as the 2023 State plan addressed this
hazard. According to NCEI, in the past 24 years Collier County has had 24
wildfire events.
Coastal Erosion Yes The 2015 Collier County Floodplain Management Plan classified erosion as
a priority hazard with a high likelihood of future occurrence.
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Hazard Included in this
plan update? Explanation for Decision
Drought Yes Both the 2020 Collier County plan and the 2023 State plan addressed
Drought. NCEI records 78 drought events between 2000-2023.
Extreme Heat Yes
Both the 2020 Collier County plan and the 2023 State plan addressed
Extreme Heat. Data shows that it is typical to have maximum temperature
days over 90°F for the majority of the year (April-October) in Collier
County.
Sea Level Rise and
other Climate
Change
Characteristics
Yes
Sea Level Rise and Climate Change were addressed in the 2020 Collier
County floodplain management plan as well as the 2023 State plan.
NOAA’s Sea Level Rise Viewer shows the County will experience impacts
from even just one foot of sea level rise.
Sinkholes Yes
Both the 2020 Collier County plan and the 2023 State plan addressed
Sinkholes. There have been four recorded sinkholes in Collier County
between 2000-2023.
Winter Storms and
Freeze Yes
Both the 2020 Collier County plan and the 2023 State plan addressed
winter storms and freeze. NCEI records 7 extreme cold/wind chill events
and 22 frost/freeze events between 2000-2023.
Earthquake Yes
Earthquakes were addressed by both the 2020 Collier County plan and the
2023 State plan. Although no major earthquake events have occurred in
Collier County since 1985, the LMS working group chose to include it in
this update.
Tsunami Yes
Tsunamis were addressed by both the 2020 Collier County plan and the
2023 State plan. Florida has experienced four recorded tsunami events, all
of which occurred along its Atlantic Coast.
Technological and Human-Caused Hazards & Threats
Major
Transportation
Incidents
Yes
Both the 2020 Collier County plan and the 2023 State plan addressed
major transportation incidents. The plan area has many bridges and major
transportation routes.
Pandemic
Outbreak Yes
Both the 2020 Collier County plan and the 2023 State plan addressed
Pandemic Outbreak. The LMS working group chose to include it in this
update.
Hazardous
Materials Yes The 2020 Collier County plan as well as the 2023 State plan addressed this
hazard. The County has 13 sites listed on the Toxic Release Inventory.
Coastal Oil Spills Yes
The 2020 Collier County plan as well as the 2023 State plan addressed this
hazard. The state plan addressed Coastal Oil Spills within the Hazardous
Materials hazard profile.
Nuclear Power
Plant Yes
The 2020 Collier County plan as well as the 2023 State plan addressed this
hazard. The southeastern corner of the County is in the Turkey Point
Nuclear Power Facility Ingestion Exposure Pathway.
Terrorism Yes
Both the 2020 Collier County plan and the 2023 State plan addressed
Terrorism. There have not been any instances of terrorism in Collier
County. However, the LMS working group felt this threat warrants inclusion
in the plan.
Mass Migration
Incident Yes
The 2020 Collier County plan as well as the 2023 State plan addressed this
hazard. There have been several migration waves over the years in Collier
County.
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Hazard Included in this
plan update? Explanation for Decision
Civil Disturbance Yes
Both the 2020 Collier County plan and the 2023 State plan addressed Civil
Disturbance. There are documented events that indicate that the southern
peninsula region of Florida is not immune to riots, protests, and social
upheaval.
Critical
Infrastructure
Disruption (Cyber)
Yes
Both the 2020 Collier County plan and the 2023 State plan addressed
Critical Infrastructure Disruption (Cyber). Privacy Rights Clearinghouse
reports a total of 19.6 million record breaches in the State of Florida
between 2005-2023.
Special Events
(Dignitary visits or
events of national
significance)
Yes
The 2020 Collier County plan addressed Special Events, but the 2018
State plan did not. The LMS working group chose to include it in this
update.
Red Tide/Algae
Bloom Yes
Both the 2020 Collier County plan and the 2023 State plan addressed Red
Tide/ Algae Bloom. The most recent red tide to impact Collier County
occurred in September 2022.
Dam Failure No
The 2020 Collier County plan did not address Dam Failure, but the 2023
State plan did. The LMS working group chose not to include it in this
update.
Agricultural
Disruption No
The 2020 Collier County plan did not address Agricultural Disruption, but
the 2023 State plan did. The LMS working group chose not to include it in
this update.
Space Weather No
The 2020 Collier County plan did not address Space Weather, but the 2023
State plan did. The LMS working group chose not to include it in this
update.
2.3 RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS
The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires that the LMS working group evaluate the
risks associated with each of the hazards identified in the planning process. Each hazard
was evaluated to determine its probability of future occurrence and potential impact. A
vulnerability assessment was conducted for each hazard using eit her quantitative or
qualitative methods depending on the available data, to determine its potential to cause
significant human and/or monetary losses. A consequence analysis was also completed
for each hazard.
Each hazard is profiled in the following format:
• HAZARD DESCRIPTION
This section provides a description of the hazard, including discussion of its speed of
onset and duration, as well as any secondary effects followed by details specific to the
Collier County planning area.
• LOCATION
This section includes information on the hazard’s physical extent, with mapped
boundaries where applicable.
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• EXTENT
This section includes information on the hazard extent in terms of magnitude, describe
how the severity of the hazard can be measured. Where available, the most severe
event on record used as a frame of reference.
• HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
This section contains information on historical events, including the location and
consequences of all past events on record within or near the Collier County planning
area.
• PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
This section gauges the likelihood of future occurrences based on past events and
existing data. The frequency is determined by dividing the number of events observed
by the number of years on record and multiplying by 100. This provides the percent
chance of the event happening in any given year according to historical occurrence
(e.g. 10 winter storm events over a 30-year period equates to a 33 percent chance of
experiencing a severe winter storm in any given year).
• CLIMATE CHANGE
Where applicable, this section discusses how climate change may or may not
influence the risk posed by the hazard on the planning area in the future.
• VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
This section quantifies, to the extent feasible using best available data, assets at risk to
natural hazards and potential loss estimates. People, properties and critical facilities, and
environmental assets that are vulnerable to the hazard are identified. Future development
is also discussed in this section, including how exposure to the hazard may change in the
future or how development may affect hazard risk.
The vulnerability assessments followed the methodology described in the FEMA
publication Understanding Your Risks—Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses
(August 2001). The vulnerability assessment first describes the total vulnerability and
values at risk and then discusses vulnerability by hazard. Data used to support this
assessment included the following:
• Geographic Information System (GIS) datasets, including building footprints,
topography, aerial photography, and transportation layers;
• Hazard layer GIS datasets from state and federal agencies;
• Written descriptions of inventory and risks provided by the 2023 Florida
Enhanced State Hazard Mitigation Plan;
• Written descriptions of inventory and risks provided by the 2020 Collier County
Local Mitigation Strategy and the 2015 Collier County Floodplain Management
Plan;
• Exposure and vulnerability estimates derived using local parcel and building
data; and
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• Crop insurance claims by cause from USDA’s Risk Management Agency.
Two distinct risk assessment methodologies were used in the formation of the
vulnerability assessment. The first consists of a quantitative analysis that relies upon best
available data and technology, while the second approach consists of a qualitative
analysis that relies on local knowledge and rational decision making. The quantitative
analysis involved the use of FEMA’s Hazus-MH, a nationally applicable standardized set
of models for estimating potential losses from earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes. Hazus
uses a statistical approach and mathematical modeling of risk to predict a hazard’s
frequency of occurrence, and estimated impacts based on recorded or historic damage
information. The Hazus risk assessment methodology is parametric, in that distinct
hazard and inventory parameters—such as wind speed and building type—were modeled
using the Hazus software to determine the impact on the built environment. Collier
County’s GIS-based risk assessment was completed using data collected from local,
regional and national sources that included Collier County, Florida DEM, and FEMA.
Vulnerability can be quantified in those instances where there is a known, identified
hazard area, such as a mapped floodplain. In these instances, the numbers and types of
buildings subject to the identified hazard can be counted and their values tabulated. Other
information can be collected regarding the hazard area, such as the location of critical
facilities, historic structures, and valued natural resources (e.g., an identified wetland or
endangered species habitat). Together, this information conveys the vulnerability of that
area to that hazard.
• PRIORITY RISK INDEX
The conclusions drawn from the hazard profiling and vulnerability assessment process
can be used to prioritize all potential hazards to the Collier County planning area. The
Priority Risk Index (PRI) was applied for this purpose because it provides a standardized
numerical value so that hazards can be compared against one another (the higher the
PRI value, the greater the hazard risk). PRI values are obtained by assigning varying
degrees of risk to five categories for each hazard (probability, impact, spatial extent,
warning time, and duration). Each degree of risk was assigned a value (1 to 4) and a
weighting factor as summarized in Table 2.6.
PRI ratings by category for the planning area as a whole are provided throughout each
hazard profile. Ratings specific to each jurisdiction are provided at the end of each hazard
profile. The results of the risk assessment and overall PRI scoring are provided in Section
0 Conclusions on Hazard Risk.
The purpose of the PRI is to categorize and prioritize all potential hazards for the Collier
County planning area as high, moderate, or low risk. The summary hazard classifications
generated using the PRI allows for the prioritization of those high and mod erate hazard
risks for mitigation planning purposes.
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Table 2.6 – Priority Risk Index
RISK ASSESSMENT
CATEGORY LEVEL DEGREE OF RISK CRITERIA INDEX WEIGHT
PROBABILITY
What is the
likelihood of a
hazard event
occurring in a given
year?
UNLIKELY LESS THAN 1% ANNUAL PROBABILITY 1
30%
POSSIBLE BETWEEN 1 & 10% ANNUAL PROBABILITY 2
LIKELY BETWEEN 10 &100% ANNUAL PROBABILITY 3
HIGHLY LIKELY 100% ANNUAL PROBABILTY 4
IMPACT
In terms of injuries,
damage, or death,
would you anticipate
impacts to be minor,
limited, critical, or
catastrophic when a
significant hazard
event occurs?
MINOR
VERY FEW INJURIES, IF ANY. ONLY MINOR
PROPERTY DAMAGE & MINIMAL
DISRUPTION ON QUALITY OF LIFE.
TEMPORARY SHUTDOWN OF CRITICAL
FACILITIES.
1
30%
LIMITED
MINOR INJURIES ONLY. MORE THAN 10% OF
PROPERTY IN AFFECTED AREA DAMAGED
OR DESTROYED. COMPLETE SHUTDOWN
OF CRITICAL FACILITIES FOR > 1 DAY
2
CRITICAL
MULTIPLE DEATHS/INJURIES POSSIBLE.
MORE THAN 25% OF PROPERTY IN
AFFECTED AREA DAMAGED OR
DESTROYED. COMPLETE SHUTDOWN OF
CRITICAL FACILITIES FOR > 1 WEEK.
3
CATASTROPHIC
HIGH NUMBER OF DEATHS/INJURIES
POSSIBLE. MORE THAN 50% OF PROPERTY
IN AFFECTED AREA DAMAGED OR
DESTROYED. COMPLETE SHUTDOWN OF
CRITICAL FACILITIES > 30 DAYS.
4
SPATIAL EXTENT
How large of an area
could be impacted
by a hazard event?
Are impacts
localized or
regional?
NEGLIGIBLE LESS THAN 1% OF AREA AFFECTED 1
20%
SMALL BETWEEN 1 & 10% OF AREA AFFECTED 2
MODERATE BETWEEN 10 & 50% OF AREA AFFECTED 3
LARGE BETWEEN 50 & 100% OF AREA AFFECTED 4
WARNING TIME
Is there usually
some lead time
associated with the
hazard event? Have
warning measures
been implemented?
MORE THAN 24
HRS SELF DEFINED 1
10%
12 TO 24 HRS SELF DEFINED 2
6 TO 12 HRS SELF DEFINED 3
LESS THAN 6
HRS SELF DEFINED 4
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RISK ASSESSMENT
CATEGORY LEVEL DEGREE OF RISK CRITERIA INDEX WEIGHT
DURATION
How long does the
hazard event usually
last?
LESS THAN 6
HRS SELF DEFINED 1
10%
LESS THAN 24
HRS SELF DEFINED 2
LESS THAN 1
WEEK SELF DEFINED 3
MORE THAN 1
WEEK SELF DEFINED 4
The sum of all five risk assessment categories equals the final PRI value, demonstrated
in the equation below (the highest possible PRI value is 4.0).
PRI = [(PROBABILITY x .30) + (IMPACT x .30) + (SPATIAL EXTENT x .20) +
(WARNING TIME x .10) + (DURATION x .10)]
2.4 ASSET INVENTORY
An inventory of assets was compiled to identify exposure to the identified hazards and to
assess vulnerability. Assets primarily include buildings, critical facilities, and civil
infrastructure. Building footprints, parcel data containing occupancy and building value
data, and a critical facility inventory were provided by Collier County. By identifying the
type and number of assets that exist in the County and their location relative to known
hazard areas, the risk and vulnerability of these assets could be assessed.
Changes in Development and Land Use Trends
Collier County has experienced significant development and land use changes that have
influenced the community’s vulnerability to hazards. Over the years, growth has been
concentrated in coastal and inland areas, with an increase in residential, commercial, and
infrastructure development. Key trends include:
• Coastal Development: Expansion of residential and commercial properties along
the coastline has increased exposure to flooding, storm surge, and sea level rise.
Efforts to mitigate these risks have included stricter building codes and floodplain
management practices.
• Urban Expansion: Growth in inland areas has led to increased impervious
surfaces, contributing to stormwater runoff and localized flooding challenges. New
developments have incorporated stormwater management improvements to
address these concerns.
• Critical Infrastructure Expansion: New transportation networks, energy
facilities, and public services have been introduced to support population growth.
These expansions require additional mitigation measures to reduce exposure to
hazards such as hurricanes and wildfires.
• Land Conservation Efforts: In response to rising vulnerabilities, Collier County
has implemented land-use policies aimed at preserving natural buffers, such as
wetlands and green spaces, which help absorb floodwaters and reduce wildfire
spread.
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• Future Development Projections: Anticipated growth areas include planned
developments in high-risk zones, which will require adaptive strategies to minimize
future hazard exposure, including elevation requirements and resilient
infrastructure design.
2.4.1 BUILDING EXPOSURE
Property exposure includes all improved property in Collier County and its incorporated
jurisdictions according to parcel and building footprint data provided by Collier County.
The building inventory is provided in Table 2.7.
Table 2.7 – Collier County Building Exposure by Jurisdiction and Occupancy
Occupancy Building
Count Structure Value Estimated Content Value Total Value
Everglades City 477 $71,841,315 $49,806,149 $121,647,464
Commercial 98 $27,710,062 $27,710,062 $55,420,124
Government 2 $40,338 $40,338 $80,676
Industrial 1 $1,704 $2,556 $4,260
Religious 1 $17,175 $17,175 $34,350
Residential 375 $44,072,036 $22,036,018 $66,108,054
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
127 $43,311,514 $29,744,052 $73,055,566
Commercial 35 $16,176,590 $16,176,590 $32,353,179
Residential 92 $27,134,924 $13,567,462 $40,702,387
Marco Island 8,502 $5,012,220,005 $2,805,539,141 $7,817,759,146
Commercial 658 $596,239,923 $596,239,923 $1,192,479,845
Government 4 $2,598,779 $2,598,779 $5,197,558
Religious 2 $19,575 $19,575 $39,150
Residential 7,838 $4,413,361,728 $2,206,680,864 $6,620,042,593
Naples 8,654 $10,692,482,638 $6,220,018,166 $16,912,500,804
Commercial 1,215 $1,746,938,672 $1,746,938,672 $3,493,877,344
Government 8 $387,031 $387,031 $774,062
Industrial 4 $92,836 $139,254 $232,090
Religious 5 $42,318 $42,318 $84,636
Residential 7,422 $8,945,021,781 $4,472,510,890 $13,417,532,671
Unincorporated
Collier County 125,663 $48,718,674,351 $28,181,631,427 $76,900,305,778
Agriculture 101 $2,907,501 $2,907,501 $5,815,002
Commercial 7,639 $7,600,334,605 $7,600,334,605 $15,200,669,211
Education 5 $2,090,356 $2,090,356 $4,180,712
Government 143 $9,248,450 $9,248,450 $18,496,900
Industrial 48 $14,645,155 $21,967,733 $36,612,888
Religious 14 $717,280 $717,280 $1,434,560
Residential 117,713 $41,088,731,004 $20,544,365,502 $61,633,096,505
Countywide Total 143,423 $64,538,529,823 $37,286,738,934 $101,825,268,757
Agriculture 101 $2,907,501 $2,907,501 $5,815,002
Commercial 9,645 $9,987,399,852 $9,987,399,852 $19,974,799,704
Education 5 $2,090,356 $2,090,356 $4,180,712
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Occupancy Building
Count Structure Value Estimated Content Value Total Value
Government 157 $12,274,598 $12,274,598 $24,549,196
Industrial 53 $14,739,695 $22,109,543 $36,849,238
Religious 22 $796,348 $796,348 $1,592,696
Residential 133,440 $54,518,321,473 $27,259,160,736 $81,777,482,209
Source: Collier County parcel data, 2024
Note: Content value estimations are generally based on the FEMA Hazus methodology
of estimating value as a percent of improved structure values by property type. The
residential property type assumes a content replacement value equal to 50% of the
building value. Agricultural and commercial property types assume a content replacement
value equal to 100% of the building value. The industrial property type assumes a content
replacement value equal to 150% of the building value.
2.4.2 CRITICAL FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSURE
Of significant concern with respect to any disaster event is the location of critical facilities
and infrastructure in the planning area. Critical facilities are often defined as those
essential services and lifelines that, if damaged during an emergency event, would result
in severe consequences to public health, safety, and welfare. Critical facility information
is regularly updated by the County. These facilities were identified and verified by the
LMS working group. Critical facilities and infrastructure in Collier County are listed by type
in Table 2.8. Critical facility locations are shown in Figure 2.1 through Figure 2.5.
Table 2.8 – Critical Facilities and Infrastructure in Collier County
Jurisdiction Communications Energy Food, Hydration, Shelter Hazardous Materials Health and Medical Safety and Security Transportation Water Systems Total Unincorporated Collier County 24 111 36 74 43 54 19 41 402
Everglades City 1 3 2 2 0 2 1 1 12
Seminole Tribe Immokalee
Reservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5
Marco Island 0 8 4 2 2 5 0 1 22
Naples 5 8 8 5 9 13 2 4 54
Countywide Total 30 130 50 83 54 74 22 52 495
Source: Collier County
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Figure 2.1 – Critical Facilities Overview
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Figure 2.2 – Critical Facilities, Everglades City
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Figure 2.3 – Critical Facilities, Seminole Tribe Immokalee Reservation
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Figure 2.4 – Critical Facilities, Marco Island
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Figure 2.5 – Critical Facilities, Naples
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2.5 HAZARD PROFILES, ANALYSIS, AND VULNERABILITY
2.5.1 FLOOD
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
Flooding is defined by the rising and overflowing of water onto normally dry land. As
defined by FEMA, a flood is a general and temporary condition of partial or complete
inundation of two or more acres of normally dry land area or of two or more properties.
Flooding can result from an overflow of inland waters or an unusual accumulation or runoff
of surface waters from any source.
Flooding causes more damage in the United States than any other severe weather related
event, an average of $5 billion a year. Approximately 90 percent of presidentially declared
disasters result from flood-related natural hazard events. Taken as a whole, more
frequent, localized flooding problems that do not meet federal disaster declaration
thresholds ultimately cause most damages across the United States.
SOURCES AND TYPES OF FLOODING
Per the effective Flood Insurance Study (FIS) for Collier County, revised February 8,
2024, flooding results from two major sources. Coastal areas are subject to inundation
from ocean surges, and inland areas can become flooded when rainfall accumulates in
low, flat areas. Rainfall primarily occurs during thunderstorms in the summer months, with
additional rainfall resulting from the passage of hurricanes. A transition region near the
coast is vulnerable to both rainfall and ocean surge flooding. Coastal lands typically lie
below an elevation of 9 feet and are subject to flooding from hurricanes and tropical
storms.
The general topography of Collier County is extremely flat, with land slopes on the order
of 1 foot per mile to 0.5 foot per mile in the interior regions. There are no major natural
streams, such as those found in areas of steeper topography. Rather, flow occurs over
wide, flat areas, in sloughs, and through manmade canal systems. Natural, well -drained
channels are apparent only close to the coast. The lack of steep slopes precludes rapid
runoff; therefore, water accumulates in ponded areas and slowly infiltrates the
groundwater system or sluggishly drains over the land.
Coastal Tidal Flooding: All lands bordering the Gulf Coast are susceptible to tidal effects
and flooding. Coastal land such as sand bars, barrier islands and deltas provide a buffer
zone to help protect human life and real property relative to the sea much as flood plains
provide a buffer zone along rivers and other bodies of water. Coastal floods usually occur
because of abnormally high tides or tidal waves, storm surge and heavy rains in
combination with high tides, tropical storms and hurricanes.
Overland Sheet Flow: Due to the relative flatness of Collier County’s topography,
historical water flow has always been shallow overland sheet flow during the wet season,
when this flow enters sloughs and the man-made canal system.
Shallow Ponding: Because much of the County is flat, whatever rainfall doesn’t she flow
from an area tends to pond and percolate into the ground, causing water tables to rise
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during the wet season to within a foot or less of the ground in most of Collier County, so
there is little soil storage.
Other forms of flooding in the county might include:
Flash or Rapid Flooding: A flash flood occurs when water levels rise at an extremely
fast rate as a result of intense rainfall over a brief period, possibly from slow -moving
intense thunderstorms and sometimes combined with saturated soil, or impermeable
surfaces. Flash flooding can happen in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) as
delineated by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and can also happen in areas
not associated with floodplains. Flash flood hazards caused by surface water runoff are
most common in urbanized areas, where greater population density generally equates to
more impervious surface (e.g., pavement and buildings) which increases the amount of
surface water generated.
Flash flooding is a dangerous form of flooding which can reach full peak in only a few
minutes. Rapid onset allows little or no time for protective measures. Flash flood waters
move at very fast speeds and can move boulders, tear out trees, scour channels, destroy
buildings, and obliterate bridges. Flash flooding can result in higher loss of life, both
human and animal, than slower developing river and stream flooding.
Localized/Stormwater Flooding: Localized stormwater flooding can occur throughout
Collier County. Localized stormwater flooding occurs when heavy rainfall and an
accumulation of runoff overburden the stormwater drainage system. The cause of
localized stormwater flooding in Collier County can be attributed to its generally flat
topography, among other factors.
Localized flooding may be caused by the following issues:
• Inadequate Capacity – An undersized/under capacity pipe system can cause
water to back-up behind a structure which can lead to areas of ponded water
and/or overtopping of banks.
• Clogged Inlets – Debris covering the asphalt apron and the top of grate at catch
basin inlets may contribute to an inadequate flow of stormwater into the system.
Debris within the basin itself may also reduce the efficiency of the system by
reducing the carrying capacity.
• Blocked Drainage Outfalls – Debris blockage or structural damage at drainage
outfalls may prevent the system from discharging runoff, which may lead to a
back-up of stormwater within the system.
• Improper Grade – Poorly graded asphalt around catch basin inlets may prevent
stormwater from entering the catch basin as designed. Areas of settled asphalt
may create low spots within the roadway that allow for areas of ponded water.
While localized flooding may not be as destructive as coastal flooding, it is a chronic
problem. The repetitive damage caused by such flooding can add up. Sewers may back
up, yards can be inundated, and homes, businesses and vehicles can be flooded.
Drainage and sewer systems not designed to carry the capacity currently needed to
handle increased storm runoff can cause water to back into basements and damage
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mechanical systems. These impacts, and other localized flooding impacts, can create
public health and safety concerns.
In addition to these different types of flooding, flooding in Collier County is a factor of the
amount and timing of rainfall and the tide cycle elevation. The amount of rainfall occurring
in March would not have the same flooding effect if the same amount occurred in
September. During the dry season, the water table elevation typically drops to several
feet below natural ground elevations. This allows for larger storage volume in the soil,
lakes, canals, ditches, and swales. During the wet season, however, the water table
elevation is often near the natural ground surface, lakes are filled, and ditches are flowing.
The rainfall added to such conditions creates more stormwater runoff.
FLOODING AND FLOODPLAINS
In coastal areas, flooding occurs due to high tides, tidal waves, storm surge, or heavy
rains. In these areas, flood hazards typically include the added risk of wave action
delineated by the VE Zone and Coastal AE Zone. Wave height and intensity decreases
as floodwaters move inland. Figure 2.6 shows the typical coastal floodplain and the
breakdown of flood zones in these settings. These flood zones are discussed further in
Table 2.9.
Figure 2.6 – Characteristics of a Coastal Floodplain
Source: FEMA
In its common usage, the floodplain most often refers to that area that is inundated by the
“100-year flood,” which is the flood that has a 1% chance in any given year of being
equaled or exceeded. The 500-year flood is the flood that has a 0.2 percent chance of
being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The potential for flooding can change and
increase through various land use changes and changes to land surface, which result in
a change to the floodplain. A change in environment can create localized fl ooding
problems inside and outside of natural floodplains by altering or confining natural drainage
channels. These changes are most often created by human activity.
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The 100-year flood, which is the minimum standard used by most federal and state
agencies, is used by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) as the standard for
floodplain management and to determine the need for flood insurance. Participation in
the NFIP requires adoption and enforcement of a local floodplain management ordinance
which is intended to prevent unsafe development in the floodplain, thereby reducing future
flood damages. Participation in the NFIP allows for the federal government to make flood
insurance available within the community as a financial protection against flood losses.
Since floods have an annual probability of occurrence, have a known magnitude, depth
and velocity for each event, and in most cases, have a map indicating where they will
likely occur, they are in many ways often the most predictable and manageable hazard.
• Warning Time: 3 – 6 to 12 hours
• Duration: 3 – Less than 1 week
LOCATION
Figure 2.7 through Figure 2.11 reflect the effective mapped flood insurance zones for
Collier County and each participating jurisdiction. All of Collier County and its jurisdictions
are exposed to flood risk, either from the 1%-annual-chance flood or a larger magnitude
flood, or from storm surge, sea level rise, or stormwater flooding.
• Spatial Extent: 4 – Large
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Figure 2.7 – FEMA Flood Hazard Areas in Collier County
Source: FEMA Effective DFIRM
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Figure 2.8 – FEMA Flood Hazard Areas, Everglades City
Source: FEMA Effective DFIRM
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Figure 2.9 – FEMA Flood Hazard Areas, Seminole Tribe Immokalee Reservation
Source: FEMA Effective DFIRM
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Figure 2.10 – FEMA Flood Hazard Areas, Marco Island
Source: FEMA Effective DFIRM
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Figure 2.11 – FEMA Flood Hazard Areas, Naples
Source: FEMA Effective DFIRM
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EXTENT
Flood extent can be defined by the amount of land in the floodplain and the potential
magnitude of flooding as measured by flood height and velocity.
Regulated floodplains are illustrated on inundation maps called Flood Insurance Rate
Maps (FIRMs). It is the official map for a community on which FEMA has delineated both
the Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) and the risk premium zones applicable to the
community. SFHAs represent the areas subject to inundation by the 100 -year flood event.
Structures located within the SFHA have a 26-percent chance of flooding during the life
of a standard 30-year mortgage. Flood prone areas were identified within Collier County
using the Effective FIRMs, dated February 8, 2024. Table 2.9 summarizes the flood
insurance zones identified by the Digital FIRM (DFIRM).
Table 2.9 – Mapped Flood Insurance Zones within Collier County
Zone Description
VE
Also known as the coastal high hazard areas. They are areas subject to high velocity water including
waves; they are defined by the 1% annual chance (base) flood limits (also known as the 100-year
flood) and wave effects 3 feet or greater. The hazard zone is mapped with base flood elevations
(BFEs) that reflect the combined influence of stillwater flood elevations, primary frontal dunes, and
wave effects 3 feet or greater.
AE
AE Zones, also within the 100-year flood limits, are defined with BFEs that reflect the combined
influence of stillwater flood elevations and wave effects less than 3 feet. The AE Zone generally
extends from the landward VE zone limit to the limits of the 100-year flood from coastal sources, or
until it reaches the confluence with riverine flood sources. The AE Zones also depict the SFHA due
to riverine flood sources, but instead of being subdivided into separate zones of differing BFEs with
possible wave effects added, they represent the flood profile determined by hydrologic and
hydraulic investigations and have no wave effects. The Coastal AE Zone is differentiated from the
AE Zone by the Limit of Moderate Wave Action (LiMWA) and includes areas susceptibl e to wave
action between 1.5 to 3 feet.
AH
Areas subject to inundation by 1% -annual-chance shallow flooding (usually areas of ponding)
where average depths are between one and three feet. Base Flood Elevations (BFEs) derived
from detailed hydraulic analyses are shown in this zone.
A
Areas with a 1% annual chance of flooding and a 26% chance of flooding over the life of a 30 ‐
year mortgage. Because detailed analyses are not performed for such areas, no depths or base
flood elevations are shown within these zones.
0.2% Annual
Chance (shaded
Zone X)
Moderate risk areas within the 0.2-percent-annual-chance floodplain, areas of 1-percent-annual-
chance flooding where average depths are less than 1 foot, areas of 1 -percent-annual-chance
flooding where the contributing drainage area is less than 1 square mile, and areas protected
from the 1-percent-annual-chance flood by a levee. No BFEs or base flood depths are shown
within these zones. (Zone X (shaded) is used on new and revised maps in place of Zone B.)
Zone X
(unshaded)
Minimal risk areas outside the 1-percent and .2 percent-annual-chance floodplains. No BFEs or
base flood depths are shown within these zones. Zone X (unshaded) is used on new and revised
maps in place of Zone C.
Approximately 95 percent of Collier County falls within the SFHA. Table 2.10 provides a
summary of the County’s total area (excluding open water) by flood zone on the 20 24
effective DFIRM. Figure 2.12 shows the depth of flooding predicted from a 1% annual
chance flood.
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Table 2.10 – Flood Zone Acreage in Collier County
Flood Zone Acreage Percent of Total (%)
Everglades City
A 0.0 0.0%
AE 368.02 47.9%
AH 0.0 0.0%
VE 400.11 52.1%
0.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard 0.0 0.0%
Unshaded X 0.0 0.0%
Total 768.12 --
SFHA Total 768.12 100%
Seminole Tribe Immokalee Reservation
A 0.0 0.0%
AE 519.34 84.3%
AH 11.80 1.9%
VE 0.0 0.0%
0.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard 64.37 10.5%
Unshaded X 20.31 3.3%
Total 615.82 --
SFHA Total 531.14 86.2%
Marco Island
A 0.0 0.0%
AE 9,931.72 63.0%
AH 0.0 0.0%
VE 5,510.81 34.9%
0.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard 191.07 1.2%
Unshaded X 140.79 0.9%
Total 15,774.39 --
SFHA Total 15,442.53 97.9%
Naples
A 0.0 0.0%
AE 7,197.92 59.9%
AH 449.69 3.7%
VE 2,998.33 25.0%
0.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard 597.01 5%
Unshaded X 772.46 6.4%
Total 12,015.41 --
SFHA Total 10,645.95 88.6%
Unincorporated Collier County
A 631,424.54 46.8%
AE 317,657.32 23.5%
AH 246,751.22 18.3%
VE 86,548.87 6.4%
0.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard 32,945.50 2.4%
Unshaded X 33,705.33 2.5%
Total 1,349,032.77 --
SFHA Total 1,282,381.94 95.1%
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Flood Zone Acreage Percent of Total (%)
Collier County Total
A 631,424.54 45.8%
AE 335,674.32 24.4%
AH 247,212.72 17.9%
VE 95,458.12 6.9%
0.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard 33,797.95 2.5%
Unshaded X 34,638.88 2.5%
Total 1,378,206.52 --
SFHA Total 1,309,769.69 95%
Source: FEMA Effective DFIRM
Note: Less than zero percent of flood zone AO can be found in Unincorporated Collier
County. Due to the small percentage of acreage this zone was omitted from this table.
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Figure 2.12 – Flood Depth, 100-Year Floodplain, Collier County
Source: FEMA Effective DFIRM
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The NFIP utilizes the 100-year flood as a basis for floodplain management. The Flood
Insurance Study (FIS) defines the probability of flooding as flood events of a magnitude
which are expected to be equaled or exceeded once on the average during any 100 -year
period (recurrence intervals). Considered another way, properties in a 100 -year flood
zone have a one percent probability of flooding during any given year. Mortgage lenders
require that owners of properties with federally backed mortgages located within SFHAs
purchase and maintain flood insurance policies on their properties. Consequently, newer
and recently purchased properties in the community are typically insured against flooding.
Storm surge affects areas along coastal and sound-side shorelines and further inland
depending on the height of the surge. Figure 2.13 through Figure 2.17 show the estimated
extent of surge by storm category according to NOAA’s SLOSH model. Note that the
SLOSH inundation results do not illustrate the storm surge that will occur from any given
storm but rather the full potential extent of surge from all possi ble storms. However,
SLOSH does not account for freshwater contribution, so it may underestimate total
flooding that could results from a hurricane or tropical storm.
• Impact: 3 – Critical
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Figure 2.13 - Category 1 Storm Surge Inundation
Source: NOAA National Storm Surge Hazard Maps
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Figure 2.14 - Category 2 Storm Surge Inundation
Source: NOAA National Storm Surge Hazard Maps
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Figure 2.15 - Category 3 Storm Surge Inundation
Source: NOAA National Storm Surge Hazard Maps
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Figure 2.16 - Category 4 Storm Surge Inundation
Source: NOAA National Storm Surge Hazard Maps
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Figure 2.17 - Category 5 Storm Surge Inundation
Source: NOAA National Storm Surge Hazard Maps
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HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
Table 2.11 details the historical occurrences of flooding identified from 2000 through 2023
by NCEI Storm Events database. It should be noted that only those historical occurrences
listed in the NCEI database are shown here and that other, unrecorded or unreported
events may have occurred within the planning area during this timeframe.
Table 2.11 - NCEI Records of Flooding, 2000-2023
Type Event Count Deaths/ Injuries Reported Property Damage
Coastal Flood 9 0/0 $71,000
Flash Flood 9 0/0 $340,000
Flood 18 0/0 $43,500
Heavy Rain 4 0/0 $60,000
Storm Surge 8 3/0 $6,060,000
Total 48 3/0 $6,574,500
Source: NCEI
According to NCEI, 48 recorded flood events affected the planning area from 2000 to
2023 causing an estimated $6,574,500 in property damage, with three fatalities, and no
injuries or crop damage.
Table 2.12 provides a summary of this historical information by location. It is important to
note that many of the events attributed to the county are countywide or include
incorporated areas. Similarly, though some events have a starting location identified, the
event may have covered a larger area including multiple jurisdictions. Still, this list
provides an indication of areas that may be particularly flood prone.
Table 2.12 – Summary of Historical Flood Occurrences by Location, 2000-2023
Location Event Count Deaths/Injuries Property Damage
Seminole Tribe Immokalee Reservation 2 0/0 $0
Marco Island 8 0/0 $193,000
Naples 17 0/0 $190,500
Unincorporated/Countywide* 21 3/0 $6,191,000
Total 48 3/0 $6,574,500
Source: NCEI
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Everglades
City, Collier County Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater
Naples Fire Rescue District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South
Florida Water Management District.
The following event narratives are provided in the NCEI Storm Events Database and
illustrate the impacts of flood events on the county:
July 23, 2001 – At least four residences and 20 vehicles were damaged by flood waters
on Marco Island and in East Naples. 48-hour rainfall amounts of 4 to 10 inches of rain
were measured over southwest Florida as a trough of low pressure stalled in the eastern
Gulf of Mexico. Radar estimated 8-12 inches of rain fell over a 96-hour period in Marco
Island. Strong onshore winds caused some minor tidal flooding of streets.
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September 29, 2003 – Very heavy rainfall fell across southwest Florida with radar
estimated amount of 8 to 10 inches. Naples measured a record 6.99 inches. The resulting
flood closed numerous roads in Collier County. Numerous cars were stalled. Houses and
businesses, including a shopping mall, suffered minor flood damage.
October 24, 2005 – Hurricane Wilma produced a maximum measured storm tide of 8
feet at the USGS tide gauge at the Turner River near Chokoloskee in southern Collier
County, with a storm surge of 7 feet after subtracting a 1-foot astronomical tide. Significant
damage to structures close to the water was observed in Chokoloskee, along with some
washing out of part of the road leading to the town. A storm tide of 7 feet was estimated
in Marco Island by Collier County Emergency Management, along with significant beach
erosion. An NWS survey team estimated a storm tide of 4 feet in Everglades City based
on debris line heights, with little structural damage. The NOS tide gauge in Naples
recorded a maximum storm tide of 4.8 feet, with a storm surge of 3.8 feet after considering
astronomical tide levels.
July 16, 2008 – A low pressure area over the eastern Gulf of Mexico provided a moist
southwest flow across South Florida, leading to heavy rain bands which set up along
portions of the Southwest Florida gulf coast. A combination of 6 to 8 inches of rain over a
short period of time and high tide caused flooding on Marco Island. Coconuts, palm
fronds, and plastic bags also clogged storm drains at some locations, exacerbating the
flooding. One towing company in Marco Island pulled out 35 to 40 cars alone. Wate r
reached around 2 feet deep in some roadways and a few inches deep in some
residences. Several roads were closed, including the main bridge connecting Marco
Island to the Mainland.
August 27, 2012 – Tropical Storm Isaac moved west-northwest across the Florida Straits
south of the Florida Keys on August 26 th. The northern edge of the wind and rain area
associated with Isaac affected the South Florida peninsula throughout the day on the
26th. Severe beach erosion and coastal flooding occurred in Collier County on Monday,
August 27th as the center of the storm moved into the Gulf of Mexico. A storm surge of
2.05 feet was measured at the Naples pier. Farther east along the coast, inundati on
depths as high as 3 feet were reported in Goodland and Everglades city. Inundation in
the Naples area was about 1 foot. Most damage from coastal flooding was to
infrastructure in Goodland and Everglades City areas and was estimated at $400,000.
Severe beach erosion in the Naples and Marco Island areas led to damaged estimated
at $5.6 million.
August 4, 2014 – Intense rainfall associated with several bands of thunderstorms
developed across much of the Naples area during the early afternoon. The band moved
little between 1230 and 1500 EDT with the training of cells leading to copious rain
amounts and severe street flooding in parts of Naples and Golden Gate. The first report
stated that at least two feet of water was on roads near Airport Road and Mercantile
Avenue with cars stalled out. The Collier County Sheriff’s Office reported at around 1510
EDT that there was severe flooding and stalled vehicles from Collier Blvd. to Tamiami
Trail with some roads closed. Rainfall totals included 7 inches at Naples Beach Hotel and
Club with 6.73 inches at the Naples Municipal Airport. A trained spotter measured 4.21
inches in just under an hour in the area of Airport and Pine Ridge Roads. A few
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businesses had water enter their structures, with one business estimating $12,000 in
damage. Over 300 cars were towed from area streets due to stalling in deep water.
Damage total indicated in this report is estimated and based on number of cars stalled as
well as the damage to businesses from water intrusion.
June 6, 2017 – A disturbance meandering across the Gulf of Mexico in combination with
an upper-level system across the western Gulf of Mexico lead to nearly a week of heavy
rainfall across South Florida. The heaviest rainfall fell in the corridor from Marco Island
and southern Collier County northeast into Broward and southern Palm Beach counties.
Many locations in this swath saw rainfall amounts in excess of 9 to 10 inches in a single
day, and as high as almost 15 inches on the heaviest day, resulting in event totals of 15
to 20 inches in this area. This rainfall forced the closure of numerous roads across South
Florida, especially in Collier and Broward counties where cars were trapped at times in
the flood waters.
Multiple streets in Marco Island were closed due to flooding, including Bald Eagle Road
from Bayport to San Marco Roads and South Collier Boulevard near Winterberry Drive.
Multiple cars were stalled in the middle of the road at the time of call. Marco Isla nd had
received 6 to 8 inches of rainfall in 6 to 12 hours, with a storm total of up to 15 inches over
a 3-day period. Flooding across central and eastern Collier County resulted in the closure
of Gulf Coast Visitor Center of Everglades National Park, in E verglades City, the
Everglades City Airport, as well as Big Cypress National Preserve from June 6th through
June 7th. Pictures received from the National Park Service show flooding of numerous
access roads, trails, campgrounds, and bridges around the park, along with widespread
areas of higher-than-normal water across the park, including flooding of normally dry
forest. The Ochopee Post Office was flooding during the event, with water encroaching
on Tamiami Trail (US 41) in places where it bisects the park. County Road 29 south of
Tamiami Trail (US 41), which is used to access many of these areas, was also closed.
August 25-27, 2017 – A slow moving tropical disturbance first moved west across South
Florida, then northeast across Central and North Florida as a frontal boundary dropped
into the state. This system would develop into Potential Tropical Cyclone 10 as it moved
up the east coast, leaving a trailing trough that would bring additional heavy rainfall
through Aug 29th. Significant flooding was reported over three days across Collier
County, especially across the Naples area, with multiple roadways and intersect ions
closed and standing water across the city. Flood waters entered a guest home along Trail
Terrace, along with stranding vehicles along 10th Street south of 5th Avenue. As rain
continued to fall, there was additional flooding along Logan Boulevard as well as
Vanderbilt beach, with several sections impassable due to flooding.
September 10, 2017 – Major Hurricane Irma made landfall in Southwest Florida on Marco
Island as a Category 3 hurricane around 3:30 PM EDT on September 10th. The storm
traveled north through southwest Florida through the evening. Effects from Irma were felt
across South Florida from September 9th through September 11th. Irma brought a
significant storm surge on both coasts of South Florida and widespread rainfall and some
flooding across the region. From the period between 8 AM September 9th and 8 AM
September 11th, 8 to 15 inches of rain were measured over interior portions of Southwest
Florida. This rainfall near the end of a wet summer led to significant flooding.
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Storm surge across Collier County ranged from 4 to 8 feet, highest in the Chokoloskee
and Everglades City area and lowest at the northern Collier County coast. Impacts were
most severe in Chokoloskee, Everglades City, Plantation Island and Goodland where
numerous homes were flooded and suffered major to catastrophic damage. Storm survey
and data from USGS rapid deployment gauges indicated highest inundation from storm
surge in Chokoloskee with up to 8 feet at waterfront, approximately 8 feet above Mean
Higher High Water (MHHW), as well as 3-5 feet of inundation across the island. In
Everglades City, there was a maximum 6 ft of inundation at the Everglades National Park
Gulf Visitor Center, with 2-4 feet across the town and as high as 5 feet in a few areas.
USGS high water mark data showed 1-2 feet of inundation as far inland as Tamiami Trail
between State Road 29 and Collier-Seminole State Park. In Goodland, maximum storm
tide was about 5.5 ft above MHHW, translating to between 5 -6 ft of inundation at the
waterfront and 3-4 ft across most of town. In Marco Island, storm tide was as high as 4.5
feet above MHHW, translating to between 2-4 ft inundation mainly over south and east
parts of the island. Inland penetration was generally less than a half-mile. In Naples, NOS
tide gauge at Naples Pier measured maximum storm tide of 5.14 feet above MHHW.
Between 3-4 feet of inundation was noted along the Gulf beachfront within 1 block of
beach, with less than a half-mile of inland penetration. Along Naples Bay, a maximum
storm tide of about 2-3 ft above MHHW resulted in inundation of 1 to 2 feet on west side
of bay just south of Tamiami Trail. This led to flooding of restaurants and shops.
October 9, 2018 – The high October astronomical tides, King tides, in combination with
the strong winds and minor surge from Hurricane Michael in the Gulf of Mexico brought
a couple days of minor saltwater flooding along both the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of South
Florida. NBC2 in Fort Myers reported water covering County Road 92A between Marco
Island and Goodland. Videos and photos shared via social media shows abnormally high
tide moving into and above sand dunes at Naples Beach as well as water over toppi ng
the seawall and approaching the backs of residences in the Isles of Capri neighborhood.
May 18, 2020 – Tropical Storm Arthur, which was moving over the outer banks of North
Carolina, was forecast to continue moving northeastward off the Mid -Atlantic coastline.
At the same time, the tail of Arthur, basically a trough of low pressure, extended into the
southeastern portion of the country. This also combined with a mid to upper-level area of
low pressure moving into the Tennessee Valley and a trough of low pressure moving into
the eastern Gulf of Mexico which allowed for a south southwesterly flow across South
Florida. This allowed for the Gulf coast sea breeze to push inland as the e ast coast sea
breeze remained pushed up against the east coast. This eventually led to the
development of scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms across all of South
Florida. The primary impacts with these storms were heavy rainfall and associated
flooding, frequent lightning strikes, small hail, and gusty winds.
September 13, 2021 – High pressure over the western Atlantic waters allowed for light
easterly wind flow to set up across South Florida. With the light flow in place, waterspouts
were able to develop across the Atlantic waters. In fact, one even moved onshore. The
Atlantic Sea breeze also was able push westward across South FL while the Gulf Sea
breeze remained pinned across the west coast metro areas. This allowed for strong
showers and storms to develop during the afternoon hours, including over the Gulf and
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Atlantic waters due to outflow boundaries. Strong wind gusts, heavy rainfall, flooding, and
frequent lightning were the main hazards.
August 29, 2023 – The center of Hurricane Idalia passed about 180 miles west of Naples
as a Category 2 moving north over the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The outermost edge of
Idalia's tropical storm force wind field skirted the SW Florida Gulf coast, and a few outer
rain bands moved through South Florida on August 29th and 30th bringing brief tropical
storm force wind gusts. A storm surge of about 3 feet, combined with high astronomical
tides, led to minor coastal flooding in Collier County during the high tide cycles on August
29th and 30th.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
By definition of the 100-year flood event, SFHAs are defined as those areas that will be
inundated by the flood event having a 1-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in
any given year. Properties located in these areas have a 26 percent chance of fl ooding
over the life of a 30-year mortgage.
The 500-year flood area is defined as those areas that will be inundated by the flood event
having a 0.2-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year; it is not the
flood that will occur once every 500 years.
While exposure to flood hazards vary across jurisdictions, all jurisdictions have at least
some area of land in FEMA flood hazard areas. Additionally, there is risk of localized and
stormwater flooding as well as severe wind-driven surge in areas outside the SFHA and
at different intervals than the 1% annual chance flood. Based on these considerations as
well as the 48 flood-related events recorded by NCEI over the last 24 years, the probability
of flooding is considered highly likely (100% annual probability) for all jurisdictions.
• Probability: 4 – Highly Likely
CLIMATE CHANGE
The potential for flooding can change and increase. Various land use changes and
changes to land surface can result in changes to the floodplain and flood prone areas.
For example, an increase in impervious surface can create localized flooding problems
inside and outside of natural floodplains by altering or confining natural drainage
channels. These changes are often created by human activity. However, changes in
precipitation frequency and intensity can also result in changes to flood magnitudes and
probabilities. For example, what we currently define as the 1-percent-annual-chance flood
may occur more frequently in the future.
Per the Fifth National Climate Assessment, frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation
events is expected to increase across the country. Additionally, increased levels of
rainfall, temperatures, sea level rise, and land cover change can exacerbate floo d risks
and are expected to occur throughout the southeast. Therefore, with more rainfall falling
in more intense incidents, the region may experience more frequent flash flooding.
Increased flooding may also result from more intense tropical cyclone; researchers have
noted the occurrence of more intense storms bringing greater rainfall totals, a trend that
is expected to continue as ocean and air temperatures rise.
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VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
METHODOLOGIES AND ASSUMPTIONS
WSP conducted a Level 2 Hazus Flood Simulation by leveraging the 1 %-annual-chance
flood boundaries from the effective FEMA Flood Insurance Study. Base Flood Elevations
were converted to a depth raster using LiDAR topography obtained from USGS. WSP
also leveraged the 2024 parcel data provided by Collier County for the loss determination.
Parcels that intersected the SFHA were included for analysis.
Losses were derived in Hazus using USACE depth damage functions, shown in Table
2.13. Flood damage is directly related to the depth of flooding by the application of a
depth damage curve. In applying the curve, a specific depth of water translates to a
specific percentage of damage to the structure, which translates to the same percenta ge
of the structure’s replacement value. Figure 2.12 depicts the depth of flooding that can
be expected within the Collier County planning area during the 100-year flood event.
Table 2.13 – Depth Damage Percentages
Depth
(ft)
Percent Damaged (%)
Agricultural Commercial Education Government Industrial Religious Residential
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 18
1 6 9 5 5 10 10 22
2 11 14 7 8 12 11 25
3 15 16 9 13 15 11 28
4 19 18 9 14 19 12 30
5 25 20 10 14 22 12 31
6 30 23 11 15 26 13 40
7 35 26 13 17 30 14 43
8 41 30 15 19 35 14 43
9 46 34 17 22 29 15 45
10 51 38 20 26 42 17 46
11 57 42 24 31 48 19 47
12 63 47 28 37 50 24 47
13 70 51 33 44 51 30 49
14 75 55 39 51 53 38 50
15 79 58 45 59 54 45 50
16 82 61 52 65 55 52 50
17 84 64 59 70 55 58 51
18 87 67 64 74 56 64 51
19 89 69 69 79 56 69 52
20 90 71 74 83 57 74 52
21 92 74 79 87 57 78 53
22 93 76 84 91 57 82 53
23 95 78 89 95 58 85 54
24 96 80 94 98 58 88 54
Source: Hazus
Building foundation types were not available in the parcel or building data provided by
Collier County but are required for Hazus. Therefore, based on local knowledge and
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County input, WSP made the assumption that 90% of the foundations in Collier County
are slab on grade, 5% are crawl space and 5% are elevated. Number of stories was also
not provided so WSP assumed 50% of buildings are one-story and 50% are two-story.
Loss numbers are based on improved parcel values listed in the 20 24 parcel data from
Collier County. Content value estimations are based on Hazus methodologies of
estimating value as a percent of improved structure values by property type. Table 2.14
shows the breakdown of the different property types and their estimated content
replacement value percentages.
Table 2.14 – Content Replacement Factors
Property Type Content Replacement Values
Residential 50%
Commercial 100%
Educational 100%
Government 100%
Religious 100%
Industrial/Agriculture 150%
Source: Hazus
PEOPLE
Flood events pose many threats to public health and safety. While such problems are
often not reported, three general types of health hazards accompany floods: physical
hazards from the water itself, environmental hazards in the aftermath of the flood, and
long-term psychological hazards. These common health and safety hazards are detailed
below:
• Contaminated water: Floodwaters carry anything that was on the ground that
the upstream runoff picked up, including dirt, oil, animal waste, and lawn, farm
and industrial chemicals. Pastures and areas where farm animals are kept or
where their wastes are stored can contribute polluted waters to the receiving
streams. Floodwaters also saturate the ground, which leads to infiltration into
sanitary sewer lines, or wastewater treatment plants may be flooded or over
loaded. When wastewater treatment plants are flooded, there is nowhere for the
sewage to flow. Infiltration and lack of treatment can lead to overloaded sewer
lines that can back up into low-lying areas and homes. Even when it is diluted by
flood waters, raw sewage can be a breeding ground for bacteria such as E.coli
and other disease causing agents. Private sewer and septic systems may also
introduce pollutants into floodwaters. Private wells may become contaminated
through infiltration of polluted water. Given the many potential sources of
contamination, direct or indirect contact with floodwaters poses a significant
health risk for contraction of infectious disease.
• Debris: During a flood, debris carried by floodwaters can cause physical injury
from impact. During the recovery process, people may often need to clear debris
out of their properties but may encounter dangers such as sharp materials or
rusty nails that pose a risk of tetanus.
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• Unsafe food: If floodwaters come into contact with food items, that food may no
longer be safe for consumption due to the potential contaminants in the
floodwaters. Foods stored in cardboard, plastic bags, jars, bottles, and paper
packaging may all be subject to contamination. Even if foods don’t come into
direct contact with floodwaters, the introduction of mold and mildew from flooding
may cause foods to spoil faster. Additionally, power outages may cause
refrigerated and frozen foods to spoil.
• Mosquitos and animals: After most of the water has receded, stagnant pools
can become breeding grounds for mosquitoes, which may carry infectious
diseases such as West Nile virus or St. Louis encephalitis. Wild animals such as
snakes or rodents may carried by floodwaters or lose their habitat and seek
shelter in buildings. Snakes may also be swimming in floodwaters seeking higher
ground. People may be at risk for bites or disease if they come in contact with
these animals or animal carcasses.
• Mold and mildew: Areas of a building that were exposed to excessive moisture
can breed mold and mildew. Molds can start to grow in only 24 to 48 hours and
will continue to grow without steps to dry out and disinfect the affected surface.
Some molds are allergens, while others can produce harmful mycotoxins.
Exposure to mold can cause respiratory problems; nasal and sinus congestion;
eye, nose, and throat irritation; aches and pains; and effects on the nervous
system. Infants, children, immunocompromised individuals, elderly adults,
pregnant women, and individuals with respiratory conditions are all at higher risk.
• Reentering a flooded building: Health hazards may occur when heating ducts
in a forced air system are not properly cleaned after inundation. When the
furnace or air conditioner is turned on, the sediments left in the ducts are
circulated throughout the building and breathed in by the occupants. If the public
water systems lose pressure, public water supplies may be contaminated, and a
boil order may be issued to protect people and animals from contaminated water.
• Mental stress: Long-term psychological impacts can result after having been
through a flood and seeing one’s home damaged and personal belongings
destroyed. The cost and labor needed to repair a flood-damaged home can also
put a severe strain on people, especially individuals who were unprepared and
uninsured. There is also a long-term problem for those who know that their
homes can be flooded again. The resulting stress on floodplain residents takes
its toll in the form of aggravated physical and mental health problems.
Floods can also result in fatalities. Individuals face high risk when driving through flooded
streets. According to NCEI records, there have been three deaths in Collier County
caused by flood events.
Population at risk to flood was estimated based on the vulnerability of residential property.
Counts of residential buildings at risk were multiplied by a household factor for each
jurisdiction, based on the 2018-2022 American Community Survey’s average household
size. The resulting estimates of population at risk are shown in Table 2.15. Overall, an
estimated 170,009 people live in high-risk flood zones.
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Table 2.15 – Collier County Population at Risk to Flood
Jurisdiction Residential Parcels at Risk Household Factor Population at Risk
Everglades City 375 1.99 747
Seminole Tribe Immokalee
Reservation
55 4.03 222
Marco Island 7,452 1.93 14,383
Naples 5,029 1.97 9,908
Unincorporated Collier County* 60,312 2.40 144,749
Total 73,223 -- 170,009
Source: FEMA; U.S. Census Bureau 2018-2022 ACS 5-Year Estimates; Collier County
2024 parcel data
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isl es, and South Florida Water
Management District.
• Population Patterns:
o Rapid population growth in flood-prone coastal and inland areas, such as
East Naples and Immokalee.
o Increased residential density in vulnerable zones, elevating the number of
people at risk.
o Seasonal population increases may impact evacuation capacity and
sheltering during floods.
o Underserved Populations: Low-income communities in older, poorly
elevated homes may lack the resources to evacuate or recover quickly.
Non-English speakers may face challenges receiving real-time flood alerts
or evacuation instructions.
PROPERTY
Residential, commercial, and public buildings, as well as critical infrastructure such as
transportation, water, energy, and communication systems may be damaged or
destroyed by flood waters. The increased number of flood days and general
encroachment of shoreline associated with sea level rise, discussed in Section 2.5.7, will
likely cause additional flood-related property damage in the future, although it is unclear
exactly what this will look like. Additionally, rising seas, and associated increased flood
days, can overwhelm and undermine the effectiveness of stormwater drainage system
and other infrastructure. Other future changes may also affect vulnerability to flooding.
Increased development in high-risk areas would directly increase exposure and risk.
Increased impervious surface in the floodplain or throughout a watershed can affect how
flooding occurs and may also increase risk.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Increased urbanization and impervious surfaces contributing to stormwater
runoff and localized flooding.
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o Development of residential and commercial buildings near low-lying areas
and natural water drainage paths.
o Expansion of floodplain boundaries due to new developments without
sufficient mitigation measures.
o Ongoing construction of stormwater management infrastructure and
retrofits in high-risk areas.
Table 2.16 details the estimated losses for the 1%-annual-chance flood event, calculated
using the methodology and assumptions described above. The total damage estimate
value is based on damages to the total of improved building value and contents value.
Land value is not included in any of the loss estimates as generally land is not subject to
loss from floods.
Table 2.16 – Estimated Building Damage and Content Loss for 1% Annual Chance
Flood
Occupancy
Type
Total
Buildings
with Loss
Total Value
(Building &
Contents)
Estimated
Building Damage
Estimated
Content Loss
Estimated Total
Damage
Loss
Ratio
Everglades City
Agriculture 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0%
Commercial 98 $55,420,128 $24,208,051 $8,963,908 $33,171,959 60%
Educational 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0%
Government 2 $80,676 $40,338 $11,936 $52,274 65%
Industrial 1 $4,260 $1,613 $670 $2,283 54%
Religious 1 $34,350 $17,175 $2,693 $19,868 58%
Residential 375 $66,108,034 $16,399,161 $31,181,791 $47,580,952 72%
Total 477 $121,647,448 $40,666,338 $40,160,998 $80,827,336 66%
Seminole Tribe Immokalee Reservation
Agriculture 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0%
Commercial 26 $22,960,300 $10,645,170 $7,025,605 $17,670,775 77%
Educational 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0%
Government 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0%
Industrial 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0%
Religious 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0%
Residential 55 $19,568,450 $5,218,255 $10,577,015 $15,795,269 81%
Total 81 $42,528,750 $15,863,425 $17,602,620 $33,466,044 79%
Marco Island
Agriculture 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0%
Commercial 595 $1,038,870,938 $377,178,852 $106,109,345 $483,288,197 47%
Educational 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0%
Government 4 $5,197,558 $2,350,471 $364,996 $2,715,468 52%
Industrial 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0%
Religious 2 $39,150 $18,743 $2,398 $21,141 54%
Residential 7,452 $6,316,972,693 $1,264,023,231 $2,318,485,852 $3,582,509,083 57%
Total 8,053 $7,361,080,339 $1,643,571,297 $2,424,962,592 $4,068,533,890 55%
Naples
Agriculture 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0%
Commercial 851 $2,047,883,854 $734,649,443 $197,677,694 $932,327,137 46%
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Occupancy
Type
Total
Buildings
with Loss
Total Value
(Building &
Contents)
Estimated
Building Damage
Estimated
Content Loss
Estimated Total
Damage
Loss
Ratio
Educational 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 0%
Government 8 $774,062 $375,685 $57,535 $433,220 56%
Industrial 4 $232,091 $66,466 $20,967 $87,433 38%
Religious 1 $22,176 $10,303 $1,331 $11,633 52%
Residential 5,029 $9,962,923,973 $2,075,134,898 $3,820,376,920 $5,895,511,818 59%
Total 5,893 $12,011,836,156 $2,810,236,794 $4,018,134,447 $6,828,371,241 57%
Unincorporated Collier County*
Agriculture 70 $2,864,478 $1,021,416 $805,397 $1,826,813 64%
Commercial 3,534 $5,735,614,146 $2,057,291,492 $644,674,991 $2,701,966,483 47%
Educational 3 $1,090,340 $389,912 $67,480 $457,392 42%
Government 80 $15,271,102 $6,794,254 $1,122,886 $7,917,140 52%
Industrial 25 $34,488,982 $11,857,048 $4,277,528 $16,134,576 47%
Religious 9 $292,312 $144,701 $35,150 $179,850 62%
Residential 60,312 $30,244,333,795 $6,540,526,875 $12,197,479,172 $18,738,006,047 62%
Total 64,033 $36,033,955,155 $8,618,025,697 $12,848,462,604 $21,466,488,300 60%
Countywide Totals
Agriculture 70 $2,864,478 $1,021,416 $805,397 $1,826,813 64%
Commercial 5,104 $8,900,749,366 $3,203,973,007 $964,451,543 $4,168,424,550 47%
Educational 3 $1,090,340 $389,912 $67,480 $457,392 42%
Government 94 $21,323,398 $9,560,748 $1,557,354 $11,118,101 52%
Industrial 30 $34,725,333 $11,925,127 $4,299,165 $16,224,292 47%
Religious 13 $387,988 $190,922 $41,571 $232,493 60%
Residential 73,223 $46,609,906,945 $9,901,302,420 $18,378,100,750 $28,279,403,170 61%
Total 78,537 $55,571,047,848 $13,128,363,551 $19,349,323,260 $32,477,686,811 58%
Source: Hazus
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
The loss ratio is the loss estimate divided by the total potential exposure (i.e., total of
improved and contents value for all buildings located within the SFHA) and displayed as
a percentage of loss. FEMA considers loss ratios greater than 10% to be significant and
an indicator a community may have more difficulties recovering from a flood. Loss ratios
for all participating jurisdictions are at or above 10%. Therefore, in the event of a flood
with a magnitude of the 1%-annual-chance event or greater, the planning area would face
extreme difficulty in recovery. Even smaller, more probable floods may also result in the
county having difficulty recovering. Estimated loss ratios are greatest in Seminole Tribe
Immokalee Reservation and Everglades City; therefore, these jurisdictions may face the
greatest potential impacts from a flood event.
Across the planning area there are 257 critical facilities located in the AE, A, and AH
zones and 4 facilities located in the VE zone which may be at risk to damages. Table 2.17
details these critical facilities at risk to flooding by type. Table 2.18 lists each critical facility
at risk to flood and the flood zone and estimated 100-year flood depth at that location.
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Table 2.17 – Summary of Critical Facilities at Risk to Flood, 1% Annual Chance Event
Facility Type
Critical Facility Count by SFHA Zone Total Facilities at
Risk Zone A Zone AE Zone AH Zone VE
Communications 3 17 6 0 26
Energy 0 49 13 1 63
Food, Hydration, Shelter 0 15 4 1 20
Hazardous Materials 4 23 20 0 47
Health and Medical 0 19 2 0 21
Safety and Security 0 28 4 0 32
Transportation 7 9 2 0 18
Water Systems 4 17 11 2 34
Total 18 177 62 4 261
Source: Collier County Data, FEMA
Table 2.18 – Critical Facilities at Risk to Flood, 1% Annual Chance Event
Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood
Zone
100-Yr Flood
Depth (NAVD
FT)
Communications State Hwy Patrol Tower Collier County AH 7.84
Communications Collier County AH 8.41
Communications WVOI Collier County AE 7.91
Communications WNOG Collier County AH 10.54
Communications WMKO Collier County AE 7.09
Communications WMKO Collier County AE 6.62
Communications WBGY Everglades AE 11.09
Communications W286AK Collier County AE 6.64
Communications W263BC Collier County A 0.10
Communications W298AW Collier County AE 10.20
Communications W272BM Collier County AE 7.67
Communications W248AU Collier County AE 5.76
Communications W260BI Collier County AE 5.76
Communications W299BG Collier County AE 5.76
Communications W262AJ Collier County AE 5.35
Communications WAVV Collier County AH 7.99
Communications WAFZ-FM Collier County AH 15.99
Communications WFLU-LP Collier County A 0.10
Communications WFLP-LP Collier County A 0.10
Communications WGUF Collier County AE 5.09
Communications W56DW Naples AE 8.93
Communications WSGL Collier County AE 6.63
Communications WXDT-LP Naples AE 7.92
Communications WYDT-CA Naples AE 7.92
Communications WZDT-LP Naples AE 7.92
Communications WWG92 162.525 Collier County AH 15.70
Food, Hydration, Shelter Florida Sports Park Collier County AH 6.79
Food, Hydration, Shelter United Way Of Collier County Naples AE 7.03
Food, Hydration, Shelter Marco Island Ymca Marco Island AE 7.55
Food, Hydration, Shelter Main Admin Collier County AE 7.34
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Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood
Zone
100-Yr Flood
Depth (NAVD
FT)
Food, Hydration, Shelter County Hall / Main Courthouse Collier County AE 7.34
Food, Hydration, Shelter Marco Town Center Marco Island AE 5.70
Food, Hydration, Shelter Berkshire Commons Collier County AE 7.10
Food, Hydration, Shelter Shops Of Marco Marco Island AE 7.64
Food, Hydration, Shelter The Salvation Army Collier County AE 5.77
Food, Hydration, Shelter Walmart Collier County AH 6.72
Food, Hydration, Shelter Walmart Collier County AE 5.94
Food, Hydration, Shelter Habitat For Humanity Collier County AE 4.92
Safety and Security Collier County Jail/Sheriff Dept Collier County AE 7.62
Safety and Security Big Cypress Wilderness Institute Collier County AE 4.50
Food, Hydration, Shelter The Pace Program Collier County AH 21.72
Food, Hydration, Shelter Everglades City School Everglades AE 9.57
Food, Hydration, Shelter Lorenzo Walker Institute Of
Technology Collier County AE 6.76
Safety and Security Ochopee Fire Control Dist St 60 Everglades AE 11.10
Safety and Security Ochopee Fire Control Dist St 66 Collier County AE 6.53
Safety and Security NNFD #45 Collier County AE 6.35
Safety and Security IFD #31 Collier County AH 22.00
Safety and Security Isle Of Capri Fire Rescue St 90 Collier County AE 7.42
Safety and Security BCIFRD #11 Collier County AH 14.24
Safety and Security Naples Fire Station 1 Naples AE 7.02
Safety and Security Naples Fire Station 3 Naples AE 6.78
Safety and Security Marco Island Fire & Rescue St 50 Marco Island AE 7.99
Safety and Security Collier County Sheriff's Dept Dist. 7
Everglades City Substation Collier County AE 6.62
Safety and Security Naples Police Dept Dispatch Naples AE 6.67
Safety and Security ENFD #23 Collier County AE 6.47
Safety and Security Marco Island Fire Dept Sta 51 (Trng
Sta) Marco Island AE 5.88
Safety and Security Big Cypress Natl Preserve Fire &
Avn Collier County AE 6.16
Safety and Security FHP TROOP F (Office Closed) Collier County AH 7.76
Safety and Security Marco Island Police Dept.
Headquarters Marco Island AE 7.96
Safety and Security Sheriff's Dept Hq & Jail Collier County AE 5.77
Safety and Security Naples Public Safety Headquarters Naples AE 6.67
Safety and Security Sheriff's Office-Special Oper Naples AE 7.97
Safety and Security Marco Island Sheriff's Substation Marco Island AE 6.35
Safety and Security GGFD #72 Collier County AH 6.65
Safety and Security EMS Station 23 Collier County AE 6.47
Safety and Security Ochopee Fire Control Dist St 61 Collier County AE 6.16
Safety and Security EMS Station 1/81 Naples AE 6.56
Safety and Security EMS Station 60 Everglades AE 10.93
Safety and Security EMS Heli OPNS Center Naples AE 6.68
Safety and Security EMS Station 22 Collier County AE 5.72
Safety and Security EMS Station 50 Marco Island AE 7.68
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Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood
Zone
100-Yr Flood
Depth (NAVD
FT)
Safety and Security EMS Station 90 Collier County AE 7.24
Safety and Security EMS Station 61 (temp sta. loc.) Collier County AE 6.14
Energy 9300192 Marco Island AE 6.33
Energy 8944342 Collier County AE 6.86
Energy 8839579 Collier County AE 5.78
Energy 8837297 Collier County AE 7.47
Energy 8736147 Collier County AE 5.84
Energy 8626224 Collier County AE 7.55
Energy 8518636 Collier County AE 5.83
Energy 8518330 Collier County AE 7.08
Energy 8518283 Collier County AH 22.41
Energy 8518223 Collier County AE 5.58
Energy 8518207 Collier County AH 19.15
Energy 8518180 Collier County AE 6.54
Energy 8518176 Marco Island AE 7.54
Energy 8518171 Collier County AE 5.26
Energy 8518132 Collier County AE 6.76
Energy 8518119 Collier County AE 4.96
Energy 8519778 Collier County AE 4.96
Energy 9700628 Collier County AE 7.02
Energy 8518273 Marco Island AE 6.34
Energy 8841809 Collier County AE 5.14
Energy 8733271 Collier County AE 6.77
Energy 9100553 Collier County AH 7.92
Energy 9047281 Collier County AE 6.36
Energy 8944686 Collier County AE 6.37
Energy 8841367 Collier County AE 6.00
Energy 8736533 Collier County VE 15.48
Energy 8629445 Collier County AE 7.65
Energy 8519336 Collier County AH 7.75
Energy 8519228 Naples AE 6.84
Energy 8518341 Collier County AE 6.08
Energy 8518332 Collier County AH 10.62
Energy 8518282 Collier County AH 22.14
Energy 8518236 Collier County AE 7.63
Energy 8518215 Collier County AE 4.84
Energy 8518190 Collier County AE 5.95
Energy 8518178 Marco Island AE 7.93
Energy 8518163 Collier County AE 5.03
Energy 8503336 Everglades AE 11.23
Energy 8839708 Collier County AH 8.82
Energy 8518136 Collier County AE 5.12
Energy 8626888 Collier County AE 6.09
Energy 8518334 Collier County AH 23.81
Energy 8518356 Marco Island AE 6.43
Energy FPL-Capri Collier County AE 6.94
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Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood
Zone
100-Yr Flood
Depth (NAVD
FT)
Energy FPL-Naples Naples AE 7.55
Energy 9802424 Collier County AE 6.74
Energy 9803121 Collier County AE 11.38
Energy 9401483 Everglades AE 11.30
Energy 8626230 Naples AE 6.78
Energy 8944687 Collier County AH 22.16
Energy 9804326 Collier County AE 5.60
Energy 8518316 Marco Island AE 6.17
Energy 8944685 Collier County AE 5.34
Energy 8518242 Collier County AH 24.02
Energy 8519244 Collier County AE 5.25
Energy LCEC-Ave Maria South Collier County AH 13.92
Energy LCEC-Belle Meade Collier County AE 6.60
Energy LCEC-Carnestown Collier County AE 5.89
Energy LCEC-Fred H. Smith Marco Island AE 7.73
Energy LCEC-Immokalee Collier County AH 17.03
Energy LCEC-Marco Marco Island AE 6.34
Energy FPL-Collier Bl Collier County AH 5.96
Energy LCEC-EGC Everglades AE 11.05
Hazardous Materials Gargiulo - Bhn Research Collier County AH 14.66
Hazardous Materials City Of Everglades City - Water
Plant Collier County AE 5.96
Water Systems Immokalee Water And Sewer
District - Carson Road Wtp Collier County AH 0.10
Hazardous Materials Immokalee Water And Sewer
District - Jerry V Warden Wtp Collier County AH 18.70
Hazardous Materials Immokalee Water And Sewer
District - Airport Road Wtp Collier County AH 16.00
Hazardous Materials Pacific Tomato Growers---2373 Collier County AH 13.18
Hazardous Materials B W J Farms - Lake Trafford
Division Collier County AH 18.08
Hazardous Materials Garguilo, Inc. Superior Plant Co. Collier County AH 9.15
Hazardous Materials Farm Op - Farm 7 Pump Station 02 Collier County AE 6.01
Hazardous Materials Farm Op - Farm 7 Pump Station 03 Collier County AE 5.85
Hazardous Materials Farm Op - Farm 7 Pump Station 04 Collier County AE 4.42
Hazardous Materials Farmers Supply Collier County AH 23.97
Hazardous Materials U A P Distribution - Immokalee Collier County AH 22.90
Hazardous Materials Helena Chemical - Immokalee Collier County AH 23.47
Hazardous Materials Farm Op - Farm 7 Greenhouse /
Pump Station 9 Collier County AE 5.39
Hazardous Materials Collier County Utilities - South
Regional WTP Collier County A 0.10
Hazardous Materials F G U A - Golden Gate WTP - 2184 Collier County A 0.10
Hazardous Materials Port Of The Islands WWTP/ WTP Collier County AE 5.92
Hazardous Materials Farm Op - Farm 7 Pump Station 14 Collier County AE 5.18
Hazardous Materials Farm Op - Farm 7 Pump Station 13 Collier County AE 5.13
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Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood
Zone
100-Yr Flood
Depth (NAVD
FT)
Hazardous Materials Farm Op - Farm 7 Pump Station 11 Collier County AE 5.28
Hazardous Materials City Of Everglades City -
Wastewater Plant Everglades AE 11.99
Hazardous Materials City Of Everglades City - Booster
Water Plant Everglades AE 14.50
Hazardous Materials Immokalee Groves Collier County AH 15.24
Hazardous Materials Marco Island - Reverse Osmosis
Facility Marco Island AE 7.79
Hazardous Materials North Regional Water Reclamation
Facility Collier County AE 7.02
Hazardous Materials Troyer Brothers Agri Collier County AH 15.93
Hazardous Materials Embarq - Golden Gate Central
Office Collier County AH 7.94
Hazardous Materials Everglades Farms Collier County A 0.10
Hazardous Materials Immokalee Groves Collier County AH 15.06
Hazardous Materials Collier County Utilities - North
Regional WTP Collier County AH 0.10
Hazardous Materials Gargiulo - Farm 7 Collier County AE 6.02
Hazardous Materials Qwest - Naples Pop Collier County AH 8.00
Hazardous Materials Resource Conservation Systems -
Mediterra Corso Circle Collier County AE 8.04
Hazardous Materials Golf Turf Applications Collier County AE 6.84
Hazardous Materials Embarq – North Naples---28862 Naples AE 8.42
Hazardous Materials Embarq - NAPLES---28870 Collier County AE 7.45
Hazardous Materials Howard Fertilizer - Immokalee Collier County AH 23.91
Hazardous Materials Marco Island Wastewater Treatment
Facility Marco Island AE 6.39
Hazardous Materials Haleakala Construction Collier County AH 7.56
Hazardous Materials Farm Op - Farm 8 Collier County A 0.10
Hazardous Materials Ag Mart Produce - Farm 12 Collier County AH 13.84
Hazardous Materials Farm Op - Farm 7 Pump Station 01 Collier County AE 5.70
Hazardous Materials Resource Conservation Systems -
Messina Lane Collier County AH 7.38
Hazardous Materials Farm Op - Farm 7 Pump Station 12 Collier County AE 5.17
Hazardous Materials Farm Op - Farm 7 Pump Station 17 Collier County AE 5.60
Hazardous Materials Ag Mart Produce - Immokalee Farm Collier County AH 15.85
Hazardous Materials Embarq-Corporation - Naples -
Lake Park Boulevard Collier County AE 5.64
Health and Medical Sanitasole Marco Island AE 8.14
Health and Medical Physicians Regional - Collier Blvd Collier County AH 5.06
Health and Medical Vanderbilt Beach Assisted Living
Home Collier County AE 6.77
Health and Medical Orchid Terrace Naples AE 7.19
Health and Medical Cove At Marbella, The Collier County AE 5.64
Health and Medical Homewood Residence At Naples Naples AE 6.24
Health and Medical Encore Senior Village At Naples Collier County AE 6.89
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Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood
Zone
100-Yr Flood
Depth (NAVD
FT)
Health and Medical Naples Day Surgery South Naples AE 5.93
Health and Medical Willough At Naples, The Collier County AE 4.99
Health and Medical North Collier Hospital Collier County AE 6.90
Health and Medical Collier County Public Health Unit Collier County AE 7.72
Health and Medical Dsi Laboratories At N Collier
Hospital Collier County AE 6.89
Health and Medical Marion E Fether Medical Center Collier County AH 23.63
Health and Medical Marco Healthcare Center Marco Island AE 8.68
Health and Medical Manor Care Nursing & Rehabilitation
Cent Collier County AE 5.80
Health and Medical Manorcare At Lely Palms Collier County AE 5.29
Health and Medical Imperial Health Care Center Collier County AE 7.05
Health and Medical The Aristocrat Collier County AE 6.71
Health and Medical The Chateau at Moorings Park Naples AE 7.00
Health and Medical Premier Place at Glenview Collier County AE 9.04
Water Systems Marco Island Transfer Station Marco Island AE 6.32
Water Systems Immokalee Water Collier County AH 19.09
Water Systems S.W. Florida Research Ed. Ctr. Collier County AH 24.95
Water Systems Collier County Regional WTP Collier County AH 9.37
Water Systems Florida Governmental Utility
Authority Collier County AH 7.88
Water Systems I-75 Reststop & Recreat. Area Collier County A 0.10
Water Systems City Of Marco Island Marco Island AE 7.14
Water Systems Immokalee WWTF Collier County AH 19.99
Water Systems Handy Food Store #91 Collier County AH 22.33
Water Systems Davis Oil Company - Davis Service
Center Collier County AH 22.23
Water Systems I-75 Big Cypress Rest Stop Collier County A 0.10
Water Systems Sunniland Mine - Florida Rock Collier County A 0.10
Water Systems Pelican Bay Sewage Treat Plant Collier County AE 6.90
Water Systems City Of Marco Island Marco Island AE 8.55
Water Systems Trees Camp WTP Collier County AE 4.37
Water Systems Port Of The Islands Water Plant Collier County AH 22.23
Water Systems Lee Cypress Co-Op Collier County AE 5.93
Water Systems Everglades Shores/Big Cypress
Preserve Collier County AE 5.99
Water Systems Oasis Ranger Station Collier County A 0.10
Water Systems Marco Shores Utilities Collier County AE 7.08
Water Systems Collier County North Regional WRF Collier County AE 7.46
Water Systems Naples, City of - WWTP I Naples AE 7.45
Water Systems Collier County South Regional WRF Collier County AE 4.75
Water Systems Marco Island WWTF & Reclaimed
Water Service Area Marco Island AE 6.19
Water Systems Collier South Regional WTP Collier County AH 0.10
Water Systems Marco Island, City of - RO Plant Collier County AE 4.90
Water Systems Marco Shores Utilities Collier County AE 4.90
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Facility Type Facility Name Jurisdiction Flood
Zone
100-Yr Flood
Depth (NAVD
FT)
Water Systems Goodland Isles Estates Collier County AE 10.78
Water Systems Orange Tree WWTP Collier County AH 10.32
Water Systems Port of the Islands WWTP Collier County AE 6.23
Water Systems Everglades City, City of - WWTF Everglades AE 12.29
Food, Hydration, Shelter State Farmers' Market- Immokal Collier County AE 24.61
Food, Hydration, Shelter Marco Island Veterans Park Marco Island AE 5.83
Food, Hydration, Shelter K-Mart Plaza Parking Lot Collier County AH 8.21
Food, Hydration, Shelter Freedom Square Parking Lot Collier County AE 7.21
Food, Hydration, Shelter Ochopee Fire Department Everglades VE 12.70
Health and Medical Collier Health Dept Collier County AE 5.76
Transportation Everglades Airpark Everglades VE 14.28
Transportation Oasis Ranger Station-U.S.
Government Collier County A 0.10
Transportation Wing South Airpark Collier County AE 6.52
Transportation Naples Muni Naples AE 6.84
Transportation Naples Grand Golf Resort Collier County AE 6.85
Transportation Marco Island Collier County AE 7.32
Transportation Calusa Ranch Collier County A 0.10
Transportation Lost Horn Ranch Collier County A 0.10
Transportation Little Deer Collier County A 0.10
Transportation Romor Ranch Collier County A 0.10
Transportation Dade-Collier Training And Transition Collier County A 0.10
Transportation Immokalee Collier County AH 22.37
Transportation US 41/State 90 and County 951 and
State 951 Collier County AE 6.08
Transportation US 41/State 90 and County 29 Collier County AE 8.66
Transportation I-75 & State 84 & County 951 Collier County AH 8.40
Transportation I-75 & County 896 Collier County AE 9.54
Transportation I-75 & State 29 Collier County A 0.10
Transportation Isles of Capri Fire Dept Collier County AE 7.23
Transportation Jolley Bridge Collier County AE 11.26
Transportation Goodland Bridge (SR-92) Collier County VE 13.26
Source: Collier County Data, FEMA
FLOOD INSURANCE CLAIMS
Flood insurance data on active policies and past claims in a valuable source of information
on flood hazards. Flood insurance is available in communities that participate in the
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and is required as a condition for federal aid or
for a mortgage or loan that is federally insured for a building located in a FEMA flood
zone. This section summarizes NFIP participation and flood insurance policies and claims
for all NFIP participating communities in the planning area. The identified Floodplain
managers for Collier County and its jurisdictions can be found in Annex I:
1. Collier County:
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o The Building Plan Review & Inspection Division (BPRID) oversees the County's
NFIP participation. Responsibilities include issuing or denying floodplain
development/building permits, inspecting developments for compliance,
maintaining floodplain development records, assisting with floodplain map
revisions, and providing public information on flood insurance and construction
within special flood hazard areas.
o The BPRID also manages the County's participation in the Community Rating
System (CRS) program.
o Floodplain Management Section: This section operates under the Building Plan
Review & Inspection Division and is responsible for overseeing the county's
participation in the NFIP. The Floodplain Management Planning Committee
(FMPC), comprising county staff and appointed public members, develops and
maintains the Floodplain Management Plan.
o Floodplain Coordinator: The Floodplain Coordinator within the BPRID
administration manages NFIP-related activities, including compliance and
public outreach for the County.
2. City of Naples:
o The Building Department administers NFIP participation by reviewing and
approving development orders for compliance with local flood ordinances,
inspecting developments, and maintaining floodplain records.
o The Floodplain Coordinator is responsible for public outreach and ensuring
compliance with FEMA floodplain mapping.
o Floodplain Coordinator: The Floodplain Coordinator within the city's
administration manages NFIP-related activities, including compliance and
public outreach.
3. City of Marco Island:
o The Growth Management Department manages floodplain management
activities, promoting public awareness and ensuring compliance with the City’s
Floodplain Ordinance.
o The department also works closely with various agencies to maintain
participation in the CRS program and NFIP compliance.
o Floodplain Manager: The city's Floodplain Manager oversees NFIP
participation and ensures adherence to floodplain regulations.
4. Everglades City:
o Building Inspector: The Building Inspector serves as the Floodplain
Administrator, handling NFIP responsibilities.
5. Seminole Tribe of Florida
o Director of Environmental Resource Management/Floodplain Administrator:
manages the tribe's NFIP participation.
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These entities work collaboratively to ensure compliance with NFIP regulations and to
manage floodplain development effectively within Collier County and its jurisdictions.
Collier County has been a regular participant in the NFIP since September 1979 and has
participated in the Community Rating System (CRS) since October 1992. Collier County
is currently a CRS Class 5. Table 2.19 and Table 2.20 reflect NFIP policy and claims data
for the county categorized by structure occupancy type and by flood zone. According to
data by occupancy, there are currently over 56,800 active policies in Collier County , and
there have been over 6,700 paid claims, totalling nearly $390 million in paid losses. Most
paid claims have been for single family residential properties in AE Zones.
Table 2.19 – NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Occupancy Type, Collier County
Occupancy
Number of
Policies in
Force
Total
Premium
Insurance in
Force
Number of Closed
Paid Losses
Total of Closed
Paid Losses
Single Family 27,655 $22,191,300 $8,452,999,000 4,854 $226,912,729.60
2-4 Family 4,435 $2,726,766 $1,018,021,000 587 $47,051,875.42
All Other Residential 23,428 $8,955,872 $5,157,987,000 795 $89,299,294.68
Non Residential 1,312 $3,077,027 $644,981,000 543 $26,712,737.38
Total 56,830 $36,950,965 $15,273,988,000 6,779 $389,976,637.08
Source: FEMA Community Information System as of 09/02/2024
Table 2.20 – NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Flood Zone, Collier County
Flood Zone Number of
Policies in Force
Total
Premium Total Coverage
Number of
Closed Paid
Losses
Total of Closed
Paid Losses
A01-30 & AE Zones 29,851 $19,904,222 $7,227,831,000 5,111 $352,926,174.88
A Zones 6 $9,148 $1,653,000 5 $0.00
AH Zones 1,569 $1,091,009 $432,381,000 114 $3,818,198.50
V01-30 & VE Zones 66 $238,734 $14,063,000 147 $5,851,143.97
D Zones 40 $35,000 $12,816,000 4 $0.00
B, C & X Zone
Standard 13,419 $10,574,063 $4,391,713,000 551 $9,341,435.54
Preferred 0 $0 $0 358 $9,556,023.72
Total 44,951 $31,852,176 $12,080,457,000 6,290 $381,492,976.61
Source: FEMA Community Information System as of 09/02/2024
Everglades City has been a regular participant in the NFIP since October 1972 and has
participated in the Community Rating System (CRS) since October 1992. Everglades City
is currently a CRS Class 9. Table 2.21 and Table 2.22 reflect NFIP policy and claims data
for Everglades City categorized by structure occupancy type and by flood zone. Most
current policies and past paid claims are for properties in AE Zones. Total paid claims
exceed $10 million.
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Table 2.21 – NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Occupancy Type, Everglades City
Occupancy
Number of
Policies in
Force
Total
Premium
Insurance in
Force
Number of Closed
Paid Losses
Total of Closed
Paid Losses
Single Family 57 $94,399 $14,889,000 179 $6,599,911.77
2-4 Family 0 $0 $0 0 $0.00
All Other Residential 54 $39,308 $12,773,000 11 $529,424.54
Non Residential 21 $228,280 $10,130,000 43 $3,218,958.32
Total 132 $361,987 $37,792,000 233 $10,348,294.63
Source: FEMA Community Information System as of 09/02/2024
Table 2.22 – NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Flood Zone, Everglades City
Flood Zone Number of
Policies in Force
Total
Premium Total Coverage
Number of
Closed Paid
Losses
Total of Closed
Paid Losses
A01-30 & AE Zones 131 $360,815 $37,751,000 221 $10,236,774.81
V01-30 & VE Zones 1 $1,172 $41,000 12 $111,519.82
Total 132 $361,987 $37,792,000 233 $10,348,294.63
Source: FEMA Community Information System as of 09/02/2024
The Seminole Tribe of Florida has been a regular participant in the NFIP since March
2002. Table 2.23 and Table 2.24 reflect NFIP policy and claims data for the Seminole
Tribe categorized by structure occupancy type and by flood zone. Note that this data
reflects all property within the Seminole Tribe of Florida’s lands, not just property at
Seminole Tribe Immokalee Reservation. There are currently 26 policies in force and there
have never been any paid claims.
Table 2.23 – NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Occupancy Type, Seminole Tribe of
Florida
Occupancy Number of Policies
in Force
Total
Premium
Insurance in
Force
Number of Closed
Paid Losses
Total of Closed
Paid Losses
Single Family 25 $21,176 $8,159,000 0 $0
2-4 Family 0 $0 $0 0 $0
All Other Residential 0 $0 $0 0 $0
Non Residential 1 $2,005 $1,000,000 0 $0
Total 26 $23,181 $9,159,000 0 $0
Source: FEMA Community Information System as of 09/02/2024
Table 2.24 – NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Flood Zone, Seminole Tribe of Florida
Flood Zone Number of
Policies in Force
Total
Premium
Insurance in
Force
Number of Closed
Paid Losses
Total of Closed
Paid Losses
A01-30 & AE Zones 3 $4,334 $1,700,000 0 $0
A Zones 0 $0 $0 0 $0
B, C & X Zone
Standard 7 $7,441 $2,450,000 0 $0
Preferred 0 $0 $0 0 $0
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Flood Zone Number of
Policies in Force
Total
Premium
Insurance in
Force
Number of Closed
Paid Losses
Total of Closed
Paid Losses
Total 10 $11,775 $4,150,000 0 $0
Source: FEMA Community Information System as of 09/02/2024
The City of Marco Island has been a regular participant in the NFIP since October 1998.
Marco Island entered the CRS program in 2000 and is currently a CRS Class 5. Table
2.25 and Table 2.26 reflect NFIP policy and claims data for Marco Island categorized by
structure occupancy type and by flood zone. There are currently 12,635 policies in force.
Past claims have totaled more than $40 million.
Table 2.25 – NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Occupancy Type, Marco Island
Occupancy Number of Policies
in Force
Total
Premium
Insurance in
Force
Number of Closed
Paid Losses
Total of Closed
Paid Losses
Single Family 4,108 $5,625,477 $1,341,187,000 1,071 $14,631,749.67
2-4 Family 451 $466,427 $97,001,000 82 $2,585,250.90
All Other Residential 7,859 $4,240,112 $1,694,959,000 310 $17,451,323.76
Non Residential 217 $806,911 $90,218,000 120 $5,617,497.31
Total 12,635 $11,138,927 $3,223,365,000 1,583 $40,285,821.64
Source: FEMA Community Information System as of 09/02/2024
Table 2.26 – NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Flood Zone, Marco Island
Flood Zone Number of
Policies in Force Total Premium Insurance in Force Number of Closed
Paid Losses
Total of Closed
Paid Losses
A01-30 & AE Zones 12,514 $11,052,237 $3,199,630,000 1,567 $40,066,019.25
V01-30 & VE Zones 34 $44,577 $2,497,000 13 $189,595.25
B, C & X Zone
Standard 88 $45,109 $21,488,000 2 $30,207.14
Preferred 0 $0 $0 1 $0.00
Total 12,636 $11,141,923 $3,223,615,000 1,583 $40,285,821.64
Source: FEMA Community Information System as of 09/02/2024
The City of Naples has been a regular participant in the NFIP since July 1971. Naples
entered the CRS program in 1992 and is currently a CRS Class 6. Table 2.27 and Table
2.28 reflect NFIP policy and claims data for Naples categorized by structure occupancy
type and by flood zone. There are currently over 12,000 policies in force. Past claims
have totaled more than $480 million.
Table 2.27 – NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Occupancy Type, Naples
Occupancy Number of
Policies in Force
Total
Premium
Insurance in
Force
Number of Closed
Paid Losses
Total of Closed
Paid Losses
Single Family 2,920 $4,596,628 $960,896,000 2,200 $219,445,293.12
2-4 Family 824 $830,101 $190,330,000 345 $53,301,746.52
All Other Residential 8,029 $5,611,019 $1,862,820,000 750 $171,205,547.20
Non Residential 484 $1,926,412 $237,636,000 465 $36,764,757.78
Total 12,257 $12,964,160 $3,251,682,000 3,760 $480,717,344.62
Source: FEMA Community Information System as of 09/02/2024
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Table 2.28 – NFIP Policy and Claims Data by Flood Zone, Naples
Flood Zone Number of
Policies in Force
Total
Premium Insurance in Force
Number of
Closed Paid
Losses
Total of Closed
Paid Losses
A01-30 & AE Zones 11,358 $11,694,916 $2,957,070,000 3,539 $461,771,696.93
A Zones 0 $0 $0 2 $10,531.76
AH Zones 56 $91,534 $16,263,000 4 $68,922.24
V01-30 & VE Zones 112 $469,775 $28,797,000 146 $16,049,521.03
D Zones 2 $7,479 $696,000 3 $517,766.54
B, C & X Zone
Standard 648 $645,174 $217,793,000 35 $1,907,009.35
Preferred 0 $0 $0 25 $274,884.55
Total 12,176 $12,908,878 $3,220,619,000 3,754 $480,600,332.40
Source: FEMA Community Information System as of 09/02/2024
REPETITIVE LOSS
A repetitive loss property is a property for which two or more flood insurance claims of
more than $1,000 have been paid by the NFIP within any 10 -year period since 1978. A
severe repetitive loss property is classified as such if it has four or more separate claim
payments of more than $5,000 each (including building and contents payments) or two
or more separate claim payments (building only) where the total of the payments exceeds
the current value of the property. An analysis of repetitive loss was completed to examine
repetitive losses within the planning area.
According to 2023 and 2024 NFIP records, there are a total of 525 repetitive loss
properties within the Collier County planning area including 46 mitigated properties and
479 unmitigated properties. Of the unmitigated properties, 415 (86%) are insured. Overall,
approximately 88% of all repetitive loss properties in the County are residential, and 11%
are non-residential. There are 26 properties on the list classified as severe repetitive loss
properties.
Table 2.29 summarizes repetitive loss properties by jurisdiction in Collier County as identified by FEMA
through the NFIP.
Table 2.29 – Repetitive Loss Properties by Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction Property
Count
Total
Number of
Losses
Occupancy %
Insured
Total Amount of
Claims Payments
Average Claim
Payment
SRL
Count Res Non-Res
Everglades City 9 9 9 0 99% $4,752,861 $528,095 1
Marco Island 37 37 34 3 95% $2,205,061 $59,596 0
Naples 147 147 136 11 80% $57,300,183 $389,797 15
Unincorporated
Collier County* 442 442 416 26 87% $86,077,835 $194,746 51
Total 635 635 595 40 86% $150,335,940.00 $236,749 67
Source: FEMA/ISO; OpenFEMA Dataset: NFIP Multiple Loss Properties (2/24/2024) & Community Status Book (8/5/2024)
Note: SRL = Severe Repetitive Loss; Res = Residential, Non-Res = Non-Residential
Claim amounts was not available through FEMA Open Data
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County Public Schools,
Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue District, Immokalee Fire Control
District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water Management District.
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Repetitive Loss and Severe Repetitive Loss Structures
Repetitive Loss (RL) and Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) structures are a critical
component in understanding flood vulnerability across Collier County. RL structures are
defined as properties with two or more flood insurance claims of at least $1,000 each
within a 10-year period, while SRL properties meet more stringent criteria, with at least
four claims exceeding $5,000 each or two claims that exceed the structure’s value.
Data Overview
The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) maintains records of RL and SRL
structures across all jurisdictions in Collier County. As of the latest data collection in
2024, the following RL and SRL data has been identified:
The table 2.30 below provides the estimated numbers and types of RL and SRL
structures across each jurisdiction in Collier County, based on NFIP records:
Table 2.30 Jurisdictional Breakdown of RL & SRL Structures
Jurisdiction Total RL
Structures
Total SRL
Structures
Residential
Structures
Commercial
Structures
Other (e.g.,
critical
facilities)
Claims Paid (RL) Claims Paid
(SRL)
Unincorporated
Collier County* 442 51 416 26 0 $ 70,164,770 $15,913,065
Naples 147 15 136 11 0 $ 47,555,087 $ 9,745,096
Marco Island 37 0 34 3 0 $ 2,205,061.00 $ 0
Everglades City 8 1 9 0 0 $ 4,461,209 $ 291,652
TOTALS 568 67 595 40 0 $124,386,127.00 $25,949,813.00
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (Repetitive Loss & Severe Repetitive Loss)
RL and SRL structures represent areas of persistent flood vulnerability and a
significant financial burden for the NFIP. These properties are often located in
Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) and are subject to repetitive flood damage due
to their location and lack of sufficient mitigation measures.
To address these vulnerabilities, mitigation strategies are essential, including:
1. Acquisition and Buyout Programs: Targeting RL and SRL structures for
voluntary buyouts to permanently remove them from high-risk areas.
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2. Elevation Projects: Elevating structures above the Base Flood Elevation
(BFE) to reduce future flood risks.
3. Floodproofing: Implementing wet or dry floodproofing measures, especially for
commercial properties.
4. Community Engagement: Educating property owners on risk reduction
options and available financial incentives.
5. Infrastructure Upgrades: Enhancing drainage systems in areas with high
concentrations of RL and SRL properties.
Future Goals
The Collier County LMS Working Group will continue to work with FEMA and NFIP
to update RL and SRL data annually. Additionally, mitigation projects addressing
these structures will be prioritized to reduce future claims, increase community
resilience, and enhance eligibility for federal and state funding opportunities.
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Figure 2.18 – Repetitive Loss Areas
Source: FEMA/ISO
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Based on the findings of this flood hazard risk and vulnerability assessment, the mapped
1% annual chance floodplain, repetitive loss areas, and coastal low-lying areas are likely
to continue to flood in the future. Changes in flood risk may occur due to climate change
and sea level rise, discussed in more detail in Section 2.5.7. The vulnerability assessment
in Section 2.5.7 also describes the potential impact of future flooding by presenting
property exposure to areas that could be impacted by sea level rise.
ENVIRONMENT
During a flood event, chemicals and other hazardous substances may end up
contaminating local water bodies. Flooding kills animals and in general disrupts the
ecosystem. Snakes and insects may also make their way to the flooded areas.
Floods can also cause significant erosion, which can alter streambanks and deposit
sediment, changing the flow of streams and rivers and potentially reducing the drainage
capacity of those waterbodies.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.31 summarizes the potential detrimental consequences of flood.
Table 2.31 – Consequence Analysis - Flood
Category Consequences
Public Localized impact expected to be severe for incident areas and moderate to light for
other adversely affected areas.
Responders First responders are at risk when attempting to rescue people from their homes.
They are subject to the same health hazards as the public. Flood waters may
prevent access to areas in need of response or the flood may prevent access to the
critical facilities themselves which may prolong response time. Damage to personnel
will generally be localized to those in the flood areas at the time of the incident and is
expected to be limited.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
Floods can severely disrupt normal operations, especially when there is a loss of
power. Damage to facilities in the affected area may require temporary relocation of
some operations. Localized disruption of roads, facilities, and/or utilities caused by
incident may postpone delivery of some services.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Buildings and infrastructure, including transportation and utility infrastructure, may be
damaged or destroyed. Impacts are expected to be localized to the area of the
incident. Severe damage is possible.
Environment Chemicals and other hazardous substances may contaminate local water bodies.
Wildlife and livestock deaths possible. The localized impact is expected to be severe
for incident areas and moderate to light for other areas affected by the flood or
HazMat spills.
Economic Condition of the
Jurisdiction
Local economy and finances will be adversely affected, possibly for an extended
period. During floods (especially flash floods), roads, bridges, farms, houses and
automobiles are destroyed. Additionally, the local government must deploy firemen,
police and other emergency response personnel and equipment to help the affected
area. It may take years for the affected communities to be re -built and business to
return to normal.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
Ability to respond and recover may be questioned and challenged if planning,
response, and recovery are not timely and effective.
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HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes flood hazard risk by jurisdiction. Flood risk due to storm
surge, high tide flooding, flash flooding, and stormwater flooding exists across the entire
county. All participating jurisdictions have over 86% of their area in the SFHA and thus
have a high degree of exposure to flooding; given that other sources of flooding and other
levels of flooding may occur beyond these areas, the spatial extent was considered large
for all jurisdictions. Impact ratings were based upon Hazus loss estimates as well as the
overall risk of death or injury; all jurisdictions were rated with an impact of critical. All
communities also face a uniform probability of flooding.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 4 3 4 3 3 3.5 H
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
4 3 4 3 3 3.5 H
Marco Island 4 3 4 3 3 3.5 H
Naples 4 3 4 3 3 3.5 H
Unincorporated
Collier County* 4 3 4 3 3 3.5 H
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
TROPICAL CYCLONES
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
Hurricanes and tropical storms are classified as cyclones and defined as any closed
circulation developing around a low-pressure center in which the winds rotate
counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (or clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere)
and whose diameter averages 10 to 30 miles across. A tropical cyclone refers to any such
circulation that develops over tropical waters. Tropical cyclones act as a “safety -valve,”
limiting the continued build-up of heat and energy in tropical regions by maintaining the
atmospheric heat and moisture balance between the tropics and the pole -ward latitudes.
The primary damaging forces associated with these storms are high -level sustained
winds, heavy precipitation, and tornadoes.
The key energy source for a tropical cyclone is the release of latent heat from the
condensation of warm water. Their formation requires a low-pressure disturbance, warm
sea surface temperature, rotational force from the spinning of the earth, and the absence
of wind shear in the lowest 50,000 feet of the atmosphere. Most hurricanes and tropical
storms form in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico during the official
Atlantic hurricane season, which encompasses the months of June through Nov ember.
The peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is in early to mid -September and the average
number of storms that reach hurricane intensity per year in the Atlantic basin is about six.
While hurricanes pose the greatest threat to life and property, tropical storms and
depressions also can be devastating. A tropical disturbance can grow to a more intense
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stage through an increase in sustained wind speeds. The progression of a tropical
disturbance is described below.
• Tropical Depression: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 38
mph (33 knots) or less.
• Tropical Storm: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 39 to 73
mph (34 to 63 knots).
• Hurricane: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 74 mph (64
knots) or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons;
similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones.
• Major Hurricane: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 111 mph
(96 knots) or higher, corresponding to a Category 3, 4 or 5 on the Saffir-Simpson
Hurricane Wind Scale.
As an incipient hurricane develops, barometric pressure (measured in millibars or inches)
at its center falls and winds increase. If the atmospheric and oceanic conditions are
favorable, it can intensify into a tropical depression. When maximum sustained w inds
reach or exceed 39 miles per hour, the system is designated a tropical storm, given a
name, and is monitored by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida. When
sustained winds reach or exceed 74 miles per hour the storm is deemed a hurricane.
Hurricanes are given a classification based on the Saffir -Simpson Scale; this scale is
reproduced in Table 2.32.
The greatest potential for loss of life related to a hurricane is from the storm surge. Storm
surge is water that is pushed toward the shore by the force of the winds swirling around
the storm as shown in Figure 2.19. This advancing surge combines with the normal tides
to create the hurricane storm tide, which can increase the mean water level to heights
impacting roads, homes and other critical infrastructure. In addition, wind driven waves
are superimposed on the storm tide. This rise in water level can cause severe flooding in
coastal areas, particularly when the storm tide coincides with the normal high tides.
The maximum potential storm surge for a location depends on several different factors.
Storm surge is a very complex phenomenon because it is sensitive to the slightest
changes in storm intensity, forward speed, size (radius of maximum winds -RMW), angle
of approach to the coast, central pressure (minimal contribution in comparison to the
wind), and the shape and characteristics of coastal features such as bays and estuaries.
Other factors which can impact storm surge are the width and slope of the continent al
shelf and the depth of the ocean bottom. A narrow shelf, or one that drops steeply from
the shoreline and subsequently produces deep water close to the shoreline, tends to
produce a lower surge but higher and more powerful storm waves. A shallow slope, as is
found off the coast of Collier County, will produce a greater storm surge than a steep
shelf.
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Figure 2.19 – Components of Hurricane Storm Surge
Source: NOAA/The COMET Program
Damage during hurricanes may also result from inland flooding from associated heavy
rainfall.
Like hurricanes, nor’easters are ocean storms capable of causing substantial damage to
coastal areas in the Eastern United States due to their strong winds and heavy surf.
Nor'easters are named for the winds that blow in from the northeast and drive the st orm
up the East Coast along the Gulf Stream. They are caused by the interaction of the jet
stream with horizontal temperature gradients and generally occur during the fall and
winter months when moisture and cold air are plentiful.
Nor’easters are known for dumping heavy amounts of rain and snow, producing
hurricane-force winds, and creating high surf that causes severe beach erosion and
coastal flooding. There are two main components to a nor'easter: (1) a Gulf Stream low -
pressure system (counter-clockwise winds) generated off the southeastern U.S. coast,
gathering warm air and moisture from the Atlantic, and pulled up the East Coast by strong
northeasterly winds at the leading edge of the storm; and (2) an Arctic high -pressure
system (clockwise winds) which meets the low-pressure system with cold, arctic air
blowing down from Canada. When the two systems collide, the moisture and cold air
produce a mix of precipitation and can produce dangerously high winds and heavy seas.
As the low-pressure system deepens, the intensity of the winds and waves increases and
can cause serious damage to coastal areas as the storm moves northeast.
• Warning Time: 1 – More than 24 hours
• Duration: 3 – Less than 1 week
LOCATION
Hurricanes and tropical storms can occur anywhere within the Collier County planning
area. While coastal areas are most vulnerable to hurricanes, their wind and rain impacts
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can be felt hundreds of miles inland. Storm surge impacts are more limited, affecting
areas along coastal and estuarine shorelines and reaching further inland depending on
the height of the surge. All of Collier County and its jurisdictions are vulnerable to
hurricane and tropical storm surge, but to varying degrees, with areas closer to the coast
and water bodies that drain into the coast facing greater risk.
Figure 2.20 shows the estimated extent of surge by storm category according to NOAA
Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) data. The SLOSH model is a
computerized numerical model developed by the NWS to estimate storm surge heights
resulting from historical, hypothetical, or predicted hurricanes by considering the
atmospheric pressure, size, forward speed, and track data. The model creates outputs
for all different storm simulations from all points of the compass. Each direction has a
MEOW (maximum envelope of water) for each category of storm (1-5), and all directions
combined result in a MOMs (maximum of maximums) set of data. Note that the MOM
does not illustrate the storm surge that will occur from any given storm but rather the full
potential extent of surge from all possible storms. As shown in these maps, Collier County
is vulnerable to storm surge impacts from all storm categories. Marco Island, Everglades
City, and much of Naples are likely to be impacted from storms rated as Category 1 and
greater.
• Spatial Extent: 4 – Large
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Figure 2.20 – Storm Surge Inundation for All Categories
Source: NOAA SLOSH Data
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EXTENT
As an incipient hurricane develops, barometric pressure (measured in millibars or inches)
at its center falls and winds increase. If the atmospheric and oceanic conditions are
favorable, it can intensify into a tropical depression. When maximum sustained winds
reach or exceed 39 miles per hour, the system is designated a tropical storm, given a
name, and is closely monitored by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida. When
sustained winds reach or exceed 74 miles per hour the storm is deemed a hurricane.
Hurricane intensity is further classified by the Saffir-Simpson Scale (Table 2.32), which
rates hurricane intensity on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the most intense.
Table 2.32 – Saffir-Simpson Scale
Category Maximum Sustained
Wind Speed (MPH) Types of Damage
1 74–95
Very dangerous winds will produce some damage; Well-constructed frame
homes could have damage to roof, shingles, vinyl siding and gutters. Large
branches of trees will snap, and shallowly rooted trees may be toppled.
Extensive damage to power lines and poles likely will result in power
outages that could last a few to several days.
2 96–110
Extremely dangerous winds will cause extensive damage; Well-constructed
frame homes could sustain major roof and siding damage. Many shallowly
rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and block numerous roads. Near-
total power loss is expected with outages that could last from several days
to weeks.
3 111–129
Devastating damage will occur; Well-built framed homes may incur major
damage or removal of roof decking and gable ends. Many trees will be
snapped or uprooted, blocking numerous roads. Electricity and water will
be unavailable for several days to weeks after the storm passes.
4 130–156
Catastrophic damage will occur; Well-built framed homes can sustain
severe damage with loss of most of the roof structure and/or some exterior
walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted, and power poles downed.
Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages
will last weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable
for weeks or months.
5 157 +
Catastrophic damage will occur; A high percentage of framed homes will
be destroyed, with total roof failure and wall collapse. Fallen trees and
power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last for weeks
to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or
months.
Source: National Hurricane Center
The Saffir-Simpson Scale categorizes hurricane intensity linearly based upon maximum
sustained winds and barometric pressure, which are combined to estimate potential
damage Categories 3, 4, and 5 are classified as “major” hurricanes and, while hurricanes
within this range comprise only 20 percent of total tropical cyclone landfalls, they account
for over 70 percent of the damage in the United States. Table 2.33 describes the damage
that could be expected for each category of hurricane. Damage during hurricanes may
also result from spawned tornadoes, storm surge, and inland flooding associated with
heavy rainfall that usually accompanies these storms.
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Table 2.33 – Hurricane Damage Classifications
Storm
Category
Damage
Level Description of Damages Photo
Example
1 MINIMAL
No real damage to building structures. Damage primarily
to unanchored mobile homes, shrubbery, and trees. Also,
some coastal flooding and minor pier damage.
2 MODERATE
Some roofing material, door, and window damage.
Considerable damage to vegetation, mobile homes, etc.
Flooding damages piers and small craft in unprotected
moorings may break their moorings.
3 EXTENSIVE
Some structural damage to small residences and utility
buildings, with a minor amount of curtainwall failures.
Mobile homes are destroyed. Flooding near the coast
destroys smaller structures, with larger structures
damaged by floating debris. Terrain may be flooded well
inland.
4 EXTREME
More extensive curtainwall failures with some complete
roof structure failure on small residences. Major erosion
of beach areas. Terrain may be flooded well inland.
5 CATASTROPHIC
Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial
buildings. Some complete building failures with small
utility buildings blown over or away. Flooding causes
major damage to lower floors of all structures near the
shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas may
be required.
Source: National Hurricane Center; Federal Emergency Management Agency
The Saffir-Simpson scale provides a measure of extent of a hurricane. The county is
susceptible to the full force of every category of hurricane.
• Impact: 4 – Catastrophic
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
According to the Office of Coastal Management’s Tropical Cyclone Storm Segments data,
which is a subset of the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship
(IBTrACS) dataset, 85 hurricanes and tropical storms passed within 50 miles of Collier
County between 1900 and 2024. These storm tracks are shown in Figure 2.21. The date,
storm name, storm category, and maximum wind speed of each event are detailed in
Table 2.34. Figure 2.21 – Hurricane/Tropical Storm Tracks within 50 miles of Collier
County, 1900-2024
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Source: NOAA Office of Coastal Management
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Table 2.34 – Tropical Cyclone Tracks Passing within 50 Miles of Collier County, 1900-
2024
Date Storm Name Max Storm Category* Max Wind Speed (mph)
8/10/1901 Unnamed Tropical Storm 46
9/11/1903 Unnamed Category 1 86
10/17/1904 Unnamed Category 1 81
10/20/1904 Unnamed Tropical Depression 36
6/17/1906 Unnamed Category 1 86
10/18/1906 Unnamed Category 3 121
10/22/1906 Unnamed Tropical Depression 34
9/18/1907 Unnamed Tropical Depression 34
6/28/1909 Unnamed Tropical Storm 52
8/29/1909 Unnamed Tropical Storm 52
9/25/1909 Unnamed Tropical Depression 34
10/17/1910 Unnamed Category 4 132
5/14/1916 Unnamed Tropical Storm 46
8/25/1916 Unnamed Tropical Storm 46
11/15/1916 Unnamed Extratropical Storm 63
10/15/1921 Unnamed Tropical Depression 34
10/20/1924 Unnamed Category 2 104
12/1/1925 Unnamed Tropical Storm 63
9/18/1926 Unnamed Category 4 144
8/13/1928 Unnamed Tropical Storm 69
9/17/1928 Unnamed Category 4 144
9/28/1929 Unnamed Category 3 115
8/30/1932 Unnamed Tropical Storm 63
7/31/1933 Unnamed Tropical Storm 58
9/3/1935 Unnamed Category 5 184
11/4/1935 Unnamed Category 2 98
6/15/1936 Unnamed Tropical Storm 46
7/29/1936 Unnamed Tropical Storm 63
10/6/1941 Unnamed Category 2 98
10/19/1944 Unnamed Category 3 115
9/4/1945 Unnamed Tropical Storm 40
9/15/1945 Unnamed Category 4 132
9/17/1947 Unnamed Category 4 132
10/12/1947 Unnamed Category 1 92
9/22/1948 Unnamed Category 4 132
10/5/1948 Unnamed Category 2 104
8/27/1949 Unnamed Category 4 132
10/18/1950 King Category 4 132
10/2/1951 How Tropical Storm 63
2/3/1952 Unnamed Tropical Storm 63
7/11/1953 Unnamed Tropical Depression 34
8/29/1953 Unnamed Tropical Depression 28
10/9/1953 Hazel Category 1 86
6/19/1954 Unnamed Tropical Depression 34
10/16/1956 Unnamed Tropical Storm 63
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Date Storm Name Max Storm Category* Max Wind Speed (mph)
10/18/1959 Judith Tropical Storm 63
9/10/1960 Donna Category 4 144
9/24/1960 Florence Tropical Storm 40
8/27/1964 Cleo Category 2 104
10/14/1964 Isbell Category 3 127
9/8/1965 Betsy Category 3 127
6/4/1968 Abby Tropical Storm 69
6/18/1968 Brenda Tropical Depression 28
8/10/1968 Dolly Tropical Depression 34
9/27/1968 Unnamed Tropical Depression 34
9/7/1969 Gerda Tropical Depression 28
10/2/1969 Jenny Tropical Storm 46
8/13/1971 Unnamed Tropical Storm 28
8/30/1971 Unnamed Tropical Storm 28
9/5/1972 Dawn Tropical Storm 34
6/11/1976 Unnamed Tropical Storm 23
8/19/1976 Dottie Tropical Storm 40
7/2/1981 Unnamed Tropical Depression
8/17/1981 Dennis Tropical Storm 40
10/26/1984 Unnamed Tropical Depression 31
7/23/1985 Bob Tropical Storm 46
10/11/1990 Marco Tropical Storm 58
6/30/1991 Ana Tropical Depression 23
8/24/1992 Andrew Category 5 167
11/16/1994 Gordon Tropical Storm 52
11/5/1998 Mitch Tropical Storm 63
8/21/1999 Harvey Tropical Storm 58
10/15/1999 Irene Category 1 81
8/13/2004 Charley Category 4 150
9/21/2004 Ivan Tropical Depression 28
8/25/2005 Katrina Category 1 81
10/24/2005 Wilma Category 3 127
8/30/2006 Ernesto Tropical Storm 46
8/19/2008 Fay Tropical Storm 69
7/23/2010 Bonnie Tropical Storm 40
9/10/2017 Irma** Category 4 132
9/3/2018 Gordon Tropical Storm 57
9/12/2020 Sally Tropical Storm 40
6/4/2022 Alex Tropical Storm 42
9/28/2022 Ian Category 4 161
Source: NCEI
*Reports the most intense category that occurred within 50 miles of Collier County, not
for the storm event overall.
The above map of storms is not an exhaustive list of hurricanes that have affected Collier
County. Several storms have passed further than 50 miles away from the Region yet had
strong enough wind or rain impacts to cause impacts. NCEI records hurricane and tropical
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storm events across the region by county and zone; therefore, one event that impacts
multiple jurisdictions may be recorded multiple times. During the 24-year period from 2000
through 2023, NCEI records 16 hurricane and tropical storm reports across 11 separate
days. These events are summarized in Table 2.35. This table only represents those
events reported to NCEI as a hurricane or tropical storm. Where property damage
estimates were broken out by type, NCEI reports only the value of wind-related damages.
While there are no records for wind related damages due to Hurricane Irma and storm
surge in the NCEI database, it had significant impact on the County. Following the storm,
it was reported that $320 million in damages occurred in unincorporated areas of the
County alone, a number which is likely much higher when considering Naples, Marco
Island, and Everglades City all experienced damage as well. In total, 50 Florida counties
were included in the disaster declaration and eligible for individual assistance. FEMA has
approved over $1 billion individual and household program dollars across these counties.
Table 2.35 – Recorded Hurricanes and Typhoons in Collier County, 2000-2023
Date Storm Deaths/Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage
9/16/2000 Tropical Storm Gordon 0/0 $0 $0
9/13/2001 Tropical Storm Gabrielle 0/0 $50,000 $0
8/13/2004 Hurricane Charley 0/0 $2,500,000 $0
9/4/2004 Hurricane Frances 0/0 $0 $0
7/8/2005 Hurricane Dennis 0/0 $0 $0
10/24/2005 Hurricane Wilma 1/0 $0 $0
8/30/2006 Tropical Storm Ernesto 0/0 $0 $0
8/18/2008 Tropical Storm Fay 0/0 $20,000 $0
8/26/2012 Tropical Storm Isaac 0/0 $0 $0
9/9/2017 Hurricane Irma 0/0 $222,500,000 $0
9/28/2022 Hurricane Ian 0/0 $2,200,000,000 $0
Total 0/0 $2,425,070,000 $0
Source: NCEI
STORM SURGE
Collier County is also vulnerable to storm surge caused by hurricanes and tropical
storms. Although previously summarized in Section 2.5.1, Table 2.36 further details
storm surge events that have impacted Collier County in the 24-year period from 2000
through 2023. Event narratives following this table provide a fuller scope of the impacts
from selected events.
Table 2.36 – Recorded Storm Surge events in Collier County, 2000-2023
Date Storm Deaths/Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage
10/24/2005 Hurricane Wilma 0/0 $0 $0
8/18/2008 Tropical Storm Fay 0/0 $60,000 $0
8/26/2012 Tropical Storm Isaac 0/0 $6,000,000 $0
6/6/2016 Tropical Storm Colin 0/0 $0 $0
9/10/2017 Hurricane Irma 0/0 $0 $0
11/11/2020 Hurricane Eta 0/0 $0 $0
9/28/2022 Hurricane Ian 3/0 $0 $0
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Date Storm Deaths/Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage
8/29/2023 Hurricane Idalia 0/0 $0 $0
Total 0/0 $6,060,000 $0
Source: NCEI
September 16, 2000 – Tropical Storm Gordon formed in the Gulf of Mexico about 375
miles west of Naples late on September 15th. It moved northeast, briefly intensified to
hurricane strength, then moved ashore in the Big Bend area of Florida as a tropical storm
late on September 17th. The outer fringes of Gordon moved across south Florida,
producing 3-6 inches of rain, numerous funnel clouds and waterspouts, and at least three
tornadoes.
September 13, 2001 – Tropical storm Gabrielle formed in the eastern Gulf of Mexico from
a trough of low pressure that had lingered over Florida since September 8. Gabrielle
moved east northeast at 7 to 12 mph with the center crossing the Florida west coast near
Venice at noon on September 14. The minimum central pressure in Collier County was
999.4 mb at Naples. Maximum winds in Collier County were at Everglades City with
sustained winds of 44 knots and peak gusts of 61 knots. Storm surge values of 3 to 5 feet
were observed along much of the Collier County coast which caused some coastal
flooding and minor to moderate beach erosion. The estimate to repair the beach erosion
was $3 million. Flooding by rainfall of 2 to 5 inches along with the storm surge da maged
60 to 70 residences and 12,500 customers lost electrical power.
August 13, 2004 – Early on August 13, Hurricane Charley intensified to Category 4 status
and turned to a north-northeast direction before making landfall near Port Charlotte
around 3 PM EDT. The first outer rain band, with wind gusts estimated up to 60 mph,
impacted the south Florida Peninsula between midnight and 2 AM EDT. In Collier County,
a peak wind gust of 84 mph was measured at 2:50 PM EDT on the top of a condominium
at Vanderbilt Beach before the equipment failed. The Naples ASOS equipment failed
well before the maximum winds or minimum pressure occurred. Wind gusts at La Belle
were estimated at 80 mph. Rainfall in most locations in Collier County was around two
inches with an unofficial amount of 7.5 inches reported in North Naples. Radar local
rainfall estimates of 8 to 10 inches were made in North Naples. Flooding was mostly
minimal.
The highest Storm Tide along the southwest Florida Coast was estimated at three feet
near Wiggins Pass with heights of one to two feet from Naples to Marco Island to
Everglades City. Tidal flooding was minimal. Lake Okeechobee levels increased up to
three feet above normal along the north and northeast shores. Hurricane wind damage
was greatest in North Naples and Vanderbilt Beach with numerous power poles, trees
and signs blown down, and a few roofs damaged. Damage also occurred to screened
porches throughout the Naples-Marco Island metropolitan areas. Damage occurred to
Gulf-side structures along most of the coastline but beach erosion was mostly minor. Four
persons in Naples suffered minor injuries when their vehicle was touched by a downed
power line during the storm. Three persons in Collier County died from indirect causes
after the hurricane. An estimated 130,000 customers in Collier County lost power. About
2,500 people took refuge in six shelters.
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October 24, 2005 – Wilma was a classic October hurricane which struck South Florida
as a Category 3 hurricane on October 24th, 2005. The hurricane made landfall as a
category 3 storm shortly before 7 AM Monday, October 24th on the southwest Florida
coast between Everglades City and Cape Romano with maximum sustained winds of 125
mph and an estimated minimum central pressure of 950 mb. Wilma exhibited a very large
55- to 65-mile-wide eye while crossing the state, and the eye covered large portions of
South Florida, including the eastern two-thirds of Collier County. Sustained hurricane
force winds (74 mph or greater) were observed over most areas. The highest recorded
gusts were in the 100-120 mph range. Rainfall amounts across South Florida generally
ranged from 2 to 4 inches across southern sections of the peninsula to 4 to 6 inches
across western Collier County and around Lake Okeechobee. A storm surge of around 8
feet was estimated in Marco Island, with 4 feet in Everglades City. One confirmed tornado
was observed in rural Collier County around 2:30 AM on the 24th, moving rapidly
northwest from the intersection of U.S. 41 and State Road 29 to the town of Copeland
three miles to the north. An F1 intensity was assigned to the tornado as it caused snapped
power poles, uprooted large trees, and significantly damaged mobile homes.
In Collier, winds caused one direct fatality. While no monetary impacts were reported in
NCEI for Collier County, total damage estimates across South Florida range from $9 to
$12 billion. Damage was widespread, with large trees and power lines down virtual ly
everywhere, causing widespread power outages. Structural damage was heaviest in
Broward and Palm Beach counties where roof damage and downed or split power poles
were noted in some areas. High-rise buildings suffered considerable damage, mainly in
the form of broken windows. This was observed mainly along the southeast metro areas,
but also in Naples, which underscores the higher wind speeds with height commonly
observed in hurricanes.
August 18, 2008 - The center of Tropical Storm Fay moved across Key West early in the
evening of the 18th and into the mainland of South Florida at Cape Romano shortly before
5 AM on the 19th. Maximum sustained winds were estimated to be around 52 knots (60
MPH) at landfall, however a maximum wind gust of 69 knots (79 MPH) was recorded on
a South Florida Water Management gauge on Lake Okeechobee as the storm passed.
Wind gusts to tropical storm force were felt area-wide, with sustained tropical storm force
winds experienced over portions Collier County. Wind damage was most significant in the
areas affected by tropical storm force sustained winds, primarily around Lake
Okeechobee and interior sections of southwest Florida, with only minor wind damage
elsewhere. Rainfall ranged 6-8 inches in southwest Florida. The height of the storm tide
was around 5 feet in the Everglades City and Chokoloskee areas. Minimal storm surge
was noted elsewhere. All the associated effects of Tropical Storm Fay in South Florida
resulted in 1 fatality, 4 injuries, and $3.949 million in property damage. In Collier County,
total wind damages were reported to be $20,000 and total surge damages at $60,000.
August 26, 2012 – The center of Tropical Storm Isaac moved over the Florida Straits
south of the Florida Keys on Sunday, August 26th, passing just south of Key West. Rain
bands and winds on the north side of the circulation of Isaac affected Southeast Florida
throughout the day of the 26th and part of the 27th. Maximum storm tide values were
observed at 4.9 feet at Naples, with estimates of 5 to 7 feet along the southern Collier
County coast from Goodland to Everglades City. Highest estimated inundation values of
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up to 3 feet above ground level were noted in Goodland and Everglades City. Major beach
erosion was also observed along the Collier County beaches. Flooding caused by storm
tides along the coast in Collier County resulted in about $400,000 in damage. Damag e
from beach erosion in Collier and Broward counties was estimated at $6 million.
September 10, 2017 – Major Hurricane Irma made landfall in Southwest Florida on Marco
Island as a Category 3 hurricane around 330 PM EDT on September 10th. The strength
and size of Hurricane Irma allowed for impacts to be felt across all of South Florida. Irma
brought widespread wind damage, heavy rainfall and storm surge to all areas. Hurricane -
force sustained wind were measured in much of Collier County. Gusts to hurricane force
were felt over all South Florida, with the maximum measured wind gust of 142 mph in
Naples. Widespread tree damage and some structural damage occurred across all of
South Florida, with most structural damage on the minor side. Hurricane Irma brought
widespread rainfall and some flooding across the region. From the period between 8 AM
EDT September 9th and 8 AM EDT September 11th, 8 to 15 inches of rain were measured
over interior portions of Southwest Florida. This rainfall near the end of a wet summer led
to significant flooding over these areas. 5 to 10 inches of rain were noted e lsewhere
across South Florida, with areas of minor to moderate flooding. $222.5 million in damage
came in from Collier County. Details about storm surge from Hurricane Irma can be found
in section.
September 28, 2022 – A tropical depression formed in the central Caribbean Sea on
September 23rd, then was upgraded to Tropical Storm Ian at 11 PM on September 23rd.
Ian moved westward, then turned northwest on September 25th, passing just west of
Jamaica and near the Cayman Islands. Ian became a hurricane on Monday, September
26th south of western Cuba, then moved north and made landfall in Pinar Del Rio
Province, Cuba early on Tuesday, September 27th as a Category 3 hurricane with
maximum sustained winds of 125 mph. Ian moved into the SE Gulf of Mexico around
midday on Tuesday, September 27th, then moved over Dry Tortugas as a Category 3
hurricane later that evening. Ian strengthened over the SE Gulf of Mexico as it
approached Southwest Florida, becoming a Category 4 hurricane at 7 AM on
Wednesday, September 28th with maximum sustained winds of 155 mph and a lowest
central pressure of 936 mb. Ian produced a catastrophic storm surge across coastal
sections of SW Florida. Storm surge from surveys was estimated in the 8-11 ft range
above MHHW along the Gulf beaches from Naples north to Barefoot Beach, and
extending inland about 1 mile. Storm surge of 4-7 ft above MHHW was surveyed in the
Naples Bay area and extending north to the Naples Airport area, as well as in North
Naples near the Cocohatchee River. The vast majority of damage was likely caused by
the significant to major storm surge in Collier County. Wind gusts as high as 110 mph
were measured in the Naples area at he ights well above the standard surface elevation
of 33 feet. Sustained winds in the 70-75 mph range likely occurred in NW Collier County
as well as far western sections of Hendry and Glades counties. A total of 13 reported
tornadoes were spawned by Ian on Tuesday, September 27th and early on Wednesday,
September 28th as it was approaching the SW Florida coast, the strongest being an EF -
2 in the Delray Beach area of Palm Beach County.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURANCE
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In the 24-year period from 2000 through 2023, 11 hurricanes and tropical storms have
impacted Collier County, which equates to a 45 percent annual probability of hurricane
winds impacting the planning area in any given year. This probability does not account
for impacts from hurricane rains or storm surge, which may also be severe. The probability
of a hurricane or tropical storm impacting Collier County is likely.
Figure 2.22 shows, for any location, the chance of a hurricane or tropical storm affecting
the area sometime during the Atlantic hurricane season. The figure was created by the
NOAA’s Hurricane Research Division, using data from 1944 to 1999. The figure shows
the number of times a storm or hurricane was located within approximately 100 miles (165
kilometers) of a given spot in the Atlantic basin
Figure 2.22 – Empirical Probability of a Named Hurricane or Tropical Storm
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Hurricane Research Division
Florida has over 8,000 miles of coastline that often gets hit by direct storms. The state is
very vulnerable to the impacts of hurricanes and tropical storms as detailed in this section.
Substantial hurricane damage is typically most likely to be expected in the coastal
counties of the state; however, hurricane and tropical storm -force winds have significantly
impacted areas far inland.
• Probability: 3 – Likely
CLIMATE CHANGE
Collier County’s coastal location makes it a prime target for hurricane landfalls and
changing climate and weather conditions may increase the number and frequency of
future hurricane events. Hurricanes and other coastal storms may result in increased
flooding, injuries, deaths, and extreme property loss. According to the US Government
Accountability Office, national storm losses from changing frequency and intensity of
storms is projected to increase anywhere from $4-6 billion in the near future.
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According to NOAA, weather extremes will likely cause more frequent, stronger storms in
the future due to rising surface temperatures. NOAA models predict that while there may
be less frequent, low-category storm events (Tropical Storms, Category 1 Hurricanes),
there will be more, high-category storm events (Category 4 and 5 Hurricanes) in the
future. This means that there may be fewer hurricanes overall in any given year, but when
hurricanes do form, it is more likely that they will become large storms tha t can create
massive damage.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
The very young, the elderly and the handicapped are especially vulnerable to harm from
hurricanes. For those who are unable to evacuate for medical reasons, there should be
provision to take care of special-needs patients and those in hospitals and nursing homes.
Many of these patients are either oxygen- dependent, insulin-dependent, or in need of
intensive medical care. There is a need to provide ongoing treatment for these vulnerable
citizens, either on the coast or by air evacuation to upland hospitals. The stress from
disasters such as a hurricane can result in immediate and long -term physical and
emotional health problems among victims.
• Population Patterns:
o Rising coastal population densities, particularly in Naples, Marco Island,
and other coastal areas.
o Significant seasonal population influx affecting evacuation timing and
available sheltering resources.
o Vulnerable populations, such as retirees and tourists, may face challenges
in evacuating quickly.
o Growth in densely populated areas requiring higher capacity for emergency
shelters.
o Underserved Populations: Low-income residents in mobile homes or non-
hurricane-hardened housing may be disproportionately impacted.
Residents without private vehicles may face difficulties reaching evacuation
shelters.
Individuals in mobile homes are more vulnerable to hurricane winds, especially if their
unit does not have tie downs and other wind safety measures. Overall, the housing stock
in Collier County includes 11,189 mobile home units, comprising of almost 5 percent of
the total housing stock. Approximately 15 percent of the housing stock in Everglades City
is comprised of mobile home units. There are approximately 10,892 mobile home units in
unincorporated Collier County. These communities may face more severe impacts from
hurricane events as a result.
Table 2.37 shows mobile home units by jurisdiction.
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Table 2.37 – Mobile Home Units by Jurisdiction, 2022
Jurisdiction Total Housing Units Mobile Home Units Mobile Home Units,
Percent of Total
Everglades City 314 47 15%
Marco Island 18,135 89 0.5%
Naples 18,501 154 0.8%
Unincorporated Collier County* 192,793 10,892 5.6%
Seminole Tribe Immokalee
Reservation 71 7 9.9%
Total 229,814 11,189 4.9%
Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2022
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
PROPERTY
Hurricanes can cause catastrophic damage to coastlines and several hundred miles
inland. Hurricanes can produce winds exceeding 157 mph as well as tornadoes and
microbursts. Additionally, hurricanes often bring intense rainfall that can result in flash
flooding. Floods and flying debris from the excessive winds are often the deadly and most
destructive results of hurricanes.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Coastal redevelopment and resort expansions increasing economic and
physical exposure to storm surge.
o Construction of high-rise residential complexes and resorts in surge-prone
zones along the Naples and Marco Island coastline.
o Growth of inland developments away from evacuation zones, shifting
demand for new sheltering sites.
o Erosion of natural buffer zones, such as mangroves, that previously
mitigated surge impacts
A Hazus level 1 analysis was used to determine hurricane risk based on probabilistic
parameters for the 100-year and 500-year return periods. This analysis produced
estimates of the likelihood of varying levels of damage as well as building -related
economic losses. Note that Hazus only assesses hurricane wind and does not account
for any other hazards associated with hurricane. Vulnerability to flooding is discussed in
Section 2.5.1.
Table 2.38 and Table 2.39 provide the likelihood of damage at varying levels of severity
by occupancy type. During the probabilistic hurricane event with a 100-year return period,
it’s estimated that more than 68% of buildings in the county are likely to sustain damages.
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During the 500-year return period event, over 92% of the county’s buildings are likely to
be damaged.
Table 2.38 – Likelihood of Damage by Severity and Occupancy, 100-year Hurricane
Event
Occupancy Buildings
at Risk Value at Risk Likelihood of Damage (%)
None Minor Moderate Severe Destruction
Agriculture 688 $364,767,000 34.01% 26.61% 21.12% 15.12% 3.14%
Commercial 9,828 $11,936,652,000 32.15% 23.58% 27.65% 16.12% 0.51%
Education 187 $2,072,074,000 28.35% 22.01% 35.26% 14.35% 0.03%
Government 219 $596,868,000 28.87% 20.06% 36.03% 15.02% 0.03%
Industrial 3,192 $2,371,208,000 31.83% 17.99% 25.00% 24.06% 1.12%
Religion 477 $652,641,000 33.16% 29.15% 24.05% 13.58% 0.05%
Residential 174,176 $64,541,967,000 34.60% 39.62% 18.93% 5.14% 1.71%
Total 188,767 $82,536,177,000 31.85% 25.57% 26.86% 14.77% 0.94%
Source: Hazus
Table 2.39 – Likelihood of Damage by Severity and Occupancy, 500-year Hurricane
Event
Occupancy Buildings
at Risk Value at Risk Likelihood of Damage (%)
None Minor Moderate Severe Destruction
Agriculture 688 $364,767,000 7.28% 18.08% 29.70% 30.83% 14.11%
Commercial 9,828 $11,936,652,000 8.30% 14.00% 30.68% 43.01% 4.01%
Education 187 $2,072,074,000 7.01% 11.65% 33.88% 46.12% 1.33%
Government 219 $596,868,000 7.16% 10.37% 33.60% 47.97% 0.90%
Industrial 3,192 $2,371,208,000 7.66% 9.68% 24.27% 50.76% 7.63%
Religion 477 $652,641,000 7.66% 18.21% 31.73% 39.93% 2.48%
Residential 174,176 $64,541,967,000 5.74% 24.20% 33.12% 24.16% 12.78%
Total 188,767 $82,536,177,000 7.26% 15.17% 31.00% 40.40% 6.18%
Source: Hazus
Table 2.40 details estimated property damages from the 100 -year and 500-year hurricane
wind events by occupancy type.
Table 2.40 - Estimated Property Damages, 100-year and 500-year Hurricane Wind
Events
Area Residential Commercial Industrial Others Total
100-year Hurricane Event
Building $5,808,763,350 $1,018,964,320 $228,321,620 $300,316,490 $7,356,365,780
Content $1,875,287,590 $610,210,620 $192,519,620 $172,978,570 $2,850,996,400
Inventory $0 $122,775,620 $29,309,290 $14,926,900 $167,011,810
Total $7,684,050,940 $1,751,950,560 $450,150,530 $488,221,960 $10,374,373,990
500-year Hurricane Event
Building $21,603,287,630 $3,226,583,840 $775,454,960 $987,311,090 $26,592,637,520
Content $8,626,240,620 $2,343,777,760 $743,043,520 $728,692,050 $12,441,753,950
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Area Residential Commercial Industrial Others Total
Inventory $0 $459,491,000 $113,350,540 $64,508,310 $637,349,850
Total $30,229,528,250 $6,029,852,600 $1,631,849,020 $1,780,511,450 $39,671,741,320
Source: Hazus
Estimated property damages for the 100 -year hurricane wind event total
$10,374,373,990, which equates to a loss ratio of approximately 12 percent. Estimated
property damages for the 500-year event total $39,671,741,320, which represents a loss
ratio of over 48 percent. FEMA considers a loss ratio of 10 percent or more to be an
indicator that a community will have significant difficulty recovering from an event. The
500-year event will cause significant difficulties for recovery. Damages from an actual
hurricane event would likely also involve flood impacts that would raise the damage total.
Therefore, even a 100-year hurricane event may cause more serious damages that what
is reported here from Hazus.
Due to the limitations of a Hazus level 1 analysis, damage estimates for critical facilities
could not be calculated.
ENVIRONMENT
Aquatic species within the lake will either be displaced or destroyed. The velocity of the
flood wave will likely destroy riparian and instream vegetation and destroy wetland
function. The flood wave will like cause erosion within and adjacent to the strea m.
Deposition of eroded deposits may choke instream habitat or disrupt riparian areas.
Sediments within the lake bottom and any low oxygen water from within the lake will be
dispersed, potentially causing fish kills or releasing heavy metals found in the l ake
sediment layers.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.41 summarizes the potential negative consequences of hurricanes and tropical
storms.
Table 2.41 – Consequence Analysis – Hurricane and Tropical Storm
Category Consequences
Public Impacts include injury or death, loss of property, outbreak of diseases, mental trauma
and loss of livelihoods. Power outages and flooding are likely to displace people from
their homes. Water can become polluted such that if consumed, diseases and
infection can be easily spread. Residential, commercial, and public buildings, as well
as critical infrastructure such as transportation, water, energy, and communication
systems may be damaged or destroyed, resulting in cascading impacts on the public.
Responders Localized impact expected to limit damage to personnel in the inundation area at the
time of the incident.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
Damage to facilities/personnel from flooding or wind may require temporary
relocation of some operations. Operations may be interrupted by power outages.
Disruption of roads and/or utilities may postpone delivery of some services.
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Category Consequences
Regulatory waivers may be needed locally. Fulfillment of some contracts may be
difficult. Impact may reduce deliveries.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Structural damage to buildings may occur; loss of glass windows and doors by high
winds and debris; loss of roof coverings, partial wall collapses, and other damages
requiring significant repairs are possible in a major (category 3 to 5) hurricane.
Environment Hurricanes can devastate wooded ecosystems and remove all the foliation from
forest canopies, and they can change habitats so drastically that the indigenous
animal populations suffer as a result. Specific foods can be taken away as high
winds will often strip fruits, seeds and berries from bushes and trees. Secondary
impacts may occur; for example, high winds and debris may result in damage to an
above-ground fuel tank, resulting in a significant chemical spill.
Economic Condition of the
Jurisdiction
Local economy and finances adversely affected, possibly for an extended period,
depending on damages. Intangible impacts also likely, including business interruption
and additional living expenses.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
Likely to impact public confidence due to possibility of major event requiring
substantial response and long-term recovery effort.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes extreme heat hazard risk by jurisdiction. Due to its coastal
geography, the entire county is susceptible to the impacts of hurricanes, tropical storms,
and the associated storm surges and flooding. While hurricanes have the possibility of
being catastrophic across all jurisdictions, certain areas have higher vulnerability. Impacts
may be greater in more highly developed areas with greater amounts of impervious
surface and higher exposure in terms of both property and population density. Areas with
more mobile homes are also more vulnerable to damage, while areas with higher property
values have greater overall exposure and potential for damages. Despite these
differences, all jurisdictions have the possibility for catastrophic impacts.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 3 4 4 1 3 3.3 H
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
3 4 4 1 3 3.3 H
Marco Island 3 4 4 1 3 3.3 H
Naples 3 4 4 1 3 3.3 H
Unincorporated
Collier County* 3 4 4 1 3 3.3 H
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
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2.5.2 SEVERE STORMS AND TORNADOES
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
THUNDERSTORM WINDS
Thunderstorms result from the rapid upward movement of warm, moist air. They can
occur inside warm, moist air masses and at fronts. As the warm, moist air moves upward,
it cools, condenses, and forms cumulonimbus clouds that can reach heights of greater
than 35,000 ft. As the rising air reaches its dew point, water droplets and ice form and
begin falling the long distance through the clouds towards earth’s surface. As the droplets
fall, they collide with other droplets and become larger. The falling droplet s create a
downdraft of air that spreads out at earth ’s surface and causes strong winds associated
with thunderstorms.
There are four ways in which thunderstorms can organize: single cell, multi-cell cluster,
multi-cell lines (squall lines), and supercells. Even though supercell thunderstorms are
most frequently associated with severe weather phenomena, thunderstorms most
frequently organize into clusters or lines. Warm, humid conditions are favorable for the
development of thunderstorms. The average single cell thunderstorm is approximately 15
miles in diameter and lasts less than 30 minutes at a single location. However,
thunderstorms, especially when organized into clusters or lines, can travel intact for
distances exceeding 600 miles.
Thunderstorms are responsible for the development and formation of many severe
weather phenomena, posing great hazards to the population and landscape. Damage
that results from thunderstorms is mainly inflicted by downburst winds, large hailstones,
and flash flooding caused by heavy precipitation. Stronger thunderstorms can produce
tornadoes and waterspouts. While conditions for thunderstorm conditions may be
anticipated within a few hours, severe conditions are difficult to predict. Regardless of
severity, storms generally pass within a few hours.
• Warning Time: 4 – Less than six hours
• Duration: 1 – Less than six hours
LIGHTNING
Lightning is a sudden electrical discharge released from the atmosphere that follows a
course from cloud to ground, cloud to cloud, or cloud to surrounding air, with light
illuminating its path. Lightning’s unpredictable nature causes it to be one of the most
feared weather elements.
All thunderstorms produce lightning, which often strikes outside of the area where it is
raining and is known to fall more than 10 miles away from the rainfall area. When lightning
strikes, electricity shoots through the air and causes vibrations creating the sound of
thunder. A bolt of lightning can reach temperatures approaching 50,000 degrees
Fahrenheit. According to the CDC, on average, 28 people in the United States die each
year from lightning strikes. Lightning strikes can also start building fires and wildland fires,
and damage electrical systems and equipment.
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The watch/warning time for a given storm is usually a few hours. There is no warning time
for any given lightning strike. Lightning strikes are instantaneous. Storms that cause
lightning usually pass within a few hours.
• Warning Time: 4 – Less than six hours
• Duration: 1 – Less than six hours
HAIL
According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), hail is
precipitation that is formed when updrafts in thunderstorms carry raindrops upward into
extremely cold areas of the atmosphere causing them to freeze. The raindrops form into
small frozen droplets and then continue to grow as they encounter super-cooled water
which will freeze on contact with the frozen rain droplet. This frozen rain droplet can
continue to grow and form hail. If the updraft forces can support or suspend the weight of
the hailstone, hail can continue to grow.
At the time when the updraft can no longer support the hailstone, it will fall to the earth.
For example, a ¼” diameter or pea sized hail requires updrafts of 24 mph, while a 2 ¾”
diameter or baseball sized hail requires an updraft of 81 mph. The largest hailstone
recorded in the United States was found in Vivian, South Dakota on Ju ly 23, 2010; it
measured eight inches in diameter, almost the size of a soccer ball. While soccer -ball-
sized hail is the exception, but even small pea sized hail can do damage.
Hailstorms in Florida cause damage to property, crops, and the environment, and kill and
injure livestock. In the United States, hail causes more than $1 billion in damage to
property and crops each year. Much of the damage inflicted by hail is to crops. Even
relatively small hail can shred plants to ribbons in a matter of minutes. Vehicles, roofs of
buildings and homes, and landscaping are the other things most commonly damaged by
hail. Hail has been known to cause injury to humans; occasionally, these inj uries can be
fatal.
The onset of thunderstorms with hail is generally rapid. However, advancements in
meteorological forecasting allow for some warning. Storms usually pass in a few hours.
• Warning Time: 4 – Less than six hours
• Duration: 1 – Less than six hours
TORNADO
According to the Glossary of Meteorology (AMS 2000), a tornado is "a violently rotating
column of air, pendant from a cumuliform cloud or underneath a cumuliform cloud, and
often (but not always) visible as a funnel cloud." Tornadoes can appear from any
direction. Most move from southwest to northeast, or west to east. Some tornadoes have
changed direction amid path, or even backtracked.
Tornadoes are commonly produced by land falling tropical cyclones. Those making
landfall along the Gulf coast traditionally produce more tornadoes than those making
landfall along the Atlantic coast. Tornadoes that form within hurricanes are more common
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in the right front quadrant with respect to the forward direction but can occur in other areas
as well. According to the NOAA, more than half of the landfalling hurricanes will spawn at
least one tornado. Tornadoes are more likely to be spawned within 24 hours of landfall
and are usually within 30 miles of the tropical cyclone’s center.
Tornadoes have the potential to produce winds in excess of 200 mph (EF5 on the
Enhanced Fujita Scale) and can be very expansive – some in the Great Plains have
exceeded two miles in width. Tornadoes associated with tropical cyclones, however, tend
to be of lower intensity (EF0 to EF2) and much smaller in size than ones that form in the
Great Plains.
Source: NOAA National Weather Service
• Warning Time: 4 – Less than six hours
• Duration: 1 – Less than six hours
According to the NOAA Storm Prediction Center (SPC), the United States experiences
an average of 1,248 tornadoes per year with the highest concentration of tornadoes
occurring in the region surrounding Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas. Although the Great
Plains region of the Central United States does favor the development of the largest and
most dangerous tornadoes (earning the designation of “tornado alley”), the southeast
experiences tornado threats throughout the cooler months of the year before they move
to the central plains during May and June. The below figure shows tornado activity in the
United States based on the number of recorded tornadoes per 10,000 square miles.
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Figure 2.23 – Tornado Activity in the U.S.
Source: NOAA National Weather Service
LOCATION
Thunderstorm wind, lightning, and hail events do not have a defined vulnerability zone.
The scope of lightning and hail is generally confined to the footprint of its associated
thunderstorm. All of Collier County and its jurisdictions shares equal risk to the threat of
severe storms and tornadoes.
• Spatial Extent: 4 – Large
According to the Vaisala Interactive Global Lightning Density Map, shown in Figure 2.24,
the majority of Florida experiences 32-64 lightning events per square kilometer per year.
However, some regions including portions of Collier County, experience 64-96 lightning
events per year. Florida had 5,815,300 total flashes of lightning during the year 2023,
more than any other state. It should be noted that future lightning occurrences may
exceed these figures.
While the total area vulnerable to a lightning strike corresponds to the footprint of a given
thunderstorm, a specific lightning strike is usually a localized event and occurs randomly.
While lightning is most often affiliated with severe thunderstorms, it may also strike
outside of heavy rain and might occur as far as 10 miles away from any rainfall.
• Spatial Extent: 1 – Negligible
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Figure 2.24 - Lightning Flash Density (2016-2023)
Source: Vaisala Interactive Global Lightning Density Map
Figure 2.25 reflects the tracks of past tornados that passed through Collier County from
1950 through 2023 according to data from the NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center.
Tornados can occur anywhere in the County and affect all it’s jurisdictions. Tornadoes
typically impact a small area, but damage may be extensive. Tornado locations are
completely random, meaning risk to tornado isn’t increased in one area of the county
versus another. All of Collier County is uniformly exposed to tornadoes.
• Spatial Extent: 2 – Small
Hailstorms frequently accompany thunderstorms, so their locations and spatial extents
coincide. Collier County and it’s jurisictions is uniformly exposed to severe thunderstorms;
therefore, the entire planning area is equally exposed to hail which may be produced by
such storms. However, large-scale hail tends to occur in a more localized area within the
storm.
• Spatial Extent: 2 – Small
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Figure 2.25 – Tornado Paths Through Collier County, 1950-2023
Source: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center
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EXTENT
THUNDERSTORM WINDS
The magnitude of a thunderstorm event can be defined by the storm’s maximum wind
speed and its impacts. NCEI divides wind events into several types including High Wind,
Strong Wind, Thunderstorm Wind, Tornado and Hurricane. For this severe weather risk
assessment, High Wind, Strong Wind and Thunderstorm Wind data was collected.
Hurricane Wind and Tornadoes are addressed as individual hazards. The following
definitions come from the NCEI Storm Data Preparation document.
• High Wind – Sustained non-convective winds of 40mph or greater lasting for one
hour or longer or winds (sustained or gusts) of 58 mph for any duration on a
widespread or localized basis.
• Strong Wind – Non-convective winds gusting less than 58 mph, or sustained
winds less than 40 mph, resulting in a fatality, injury, or damage.
• Thunderstorm Wind – Winds, arising from convection (occurring within 30
minutes of lightning being observed or detected), with speeds of at least 58 mph,
or winds of any speed (non-severe thunderstorm winds below 58 mph) producing
a fatality, injury or damage.
The strongest recorded thunderstorm wind event in the county occurred on January 17,
2016 with a measured gust of 78 mph in Naples and estimated gusts of 79 to 82 mph
elsewhere across the county. The event reportedly caused no fatalities, injuries, or
damages.
• Impact: 2 – Limited
LIGHTNING
Lightning is measured by the Lightning Activity Level (LAL) scale, created by the NWS to
define lightning activity into a specific categorical scale. The LAL is a common parameter
that is part of fire weather forecasts nationwide. The scale is shown in Table 2.42.
Table 2.42 – Lightning Activity Level Scale
Lightning Activity Level Scale
LAL 1 No thunderstorms
LAL 2 Isolated thunderstorms. Light rain will occasionally reach the ground. Lightning is very infrequent, 1
to 5 cloud to ground lightning strikes in a five-minute period
LAL 3 Widely scattered thunderstorms. Light to moderate rain will reach the ground. Lightning is
infrequent, 6 to 10 cloud to ground strikes in a five-minute period
LAL 4 Scattered thunderstorms. Moderate rain is commonly produced. Lightning is frequent, 11 to 15
cloud to ground strikes in a five-minute period
LAL 5 Numerous thunderstorms. Rainfall is moderate to heavy. Lightning is frequent and intense, greater
than 15 cloud to ground strikes in a five-minute period
LAL 6 Dry lightning (same as LAL 3 but without rain). This type of lightning has the potential for extreme
fire activity and is normally highlighted in fire weather forecasts with a Red Flag warning
Source: National Weather Service
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With the right conditions in place, the entire county is susceptible to each lightning activity
level as defined by the LAL. Most lightning strikes cause limited damage to specific
structures in a limited area, and cause very few injuries or fatalities, and minimal
disruption on quality of life.
Impact: 1 – Minor
HAIL
The NWS classifies hail by diameter size, and corresponding everyday objects to help
relay scope and severity to the population. Table 2.43 indicates the hailstone
measurements utilized by the NWS.
Table 2.43 – Hailstone Measurement Comparison Chart
Average Diameter Corresponding Household Object
.25 inch Pea
.5 inch Marble/Mothball
.75 inch Dime/Penny
.875 inch Nickel
1.0 inch Quarter
1.5 inch Ping-pong ball
1.75 inch Golf ball
2.0 inch Hen egg
2.5 inch Tennis ball
2.75 inch Baseball
3.00 inch Teacup
4.00 inch Grapefruit
4.5 inch Softball
Source: National Weather Service
The Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO) has further described hail sizes
by their typical damage impacts. Table 2.44 describes typical intensity and damage
impacts of the various sizes of hail.
Table 2.44 – Tornado and Storm Research Organization Hailstorm Intensity Scale
Intensity
Category
Diameter
(mm)
Diameter
(inches)
Size
Description Typical Damage Impacts
Hard Hail 5-9 0.2-0.4 Pea No damage
Potentially
Damaging
10-15 0.4-0.6 Mothball Slight general damage to plants, crops
Significant 16-20 0.6-0.8 Marble, grape Significant damage to fruit, crops, vegetation
Severe 21-30 0.8-1.2 Walnut Severe damage to fruit and crops, damage to glass
and plastic structures, paint and wood scored
Severe 31-40 1.2-1.6 Pigeon’s egg
> squash ball
Widespread glass damage, vehicle bodywork
damage
Destructive 41-50 1.6-2.0 Golf ball >
Pullet’s egg
Wholesale destruction of glass, damage to tiled roofs,
significant risk of injuries
Destructive 51-60 2.0-2.4 Hen’s egg Bodywork of grounded aircraft dented, brick walls
pitted
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Intensity
Category
Diameter
(mm)
Diameter
(inches)
Size
Description Typical Damage Impacts
Destructive 61-75 2.4-3.0 Tennis ball >
cricket ball
Severe roof damage, risk of serious injuries
Destructive 76-90 3.0-3.5 Large orange
> softball
Severe damage to aircraft bodywork
Super
Hailstorms
91-100 3.6-3.9 Grapefruit Extensive structural damage. Risk of severe or even
fatal injuries to persons caught in the open
Super
Hailstorms
>100 4.0+ Melon Extensive structural damage. Risk of severe or even
fatal injuries to persons caught in the open
Source: Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO), Department of
Geography, Oxford Brookes University
Notes: In addition to hail diameter, factors including number and density of hailstones,
hail fall speed and surface wind speeds affect severity.
The average hailstone size recorded between 2000 and 2023 in Collier County was a
little under 1” in diameter; the largest hailstone recorded was 1.5”, recorded on April 6,
2012 and June 26, 2014. The largest hailstone ever recorded in the U.S. fell in Vivian, SD
on June 23, 2010, with a diameter of 8 inches and a circumference of 18.62 inches.
• Impact: 1 – Minor
TORNADO
Prior to February 1, 2007, tornado intensity was measured by the Fujita (F) scale. This
scale was revised and is now the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. Both scales are sets of
wind estimates (not measurements) based on damage. The new scale provides more
damage indicators (28) and associated degrees of damage, allowing for more detailed
analysis, better correlation between damage and wind speed. It is also more precise
because it considers the materials affected and the construction of structures damaged
by a tornado.
Table 2.45 shows the wind speeds associated with the enhanced Fujita scale ratings and
the damage that could result at different levels of intensity.
Table 2.45 – Enhanced Fujita Scale
EF
Number
3 Second
Gust (mph) Damage
0 65-85 Light damage. Peels surface off some roofs; some damage to gutters or siding;
branches broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
1 96-110 Moderate damage. Roofs severely stripped; mobile homes overturned or badly
damaged; loss of exterior doors; windows and other glass broken.
2 111-135
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-constructed houses; foundations of frame
homes shifted; mobile homes destroyed; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-
object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground.
3 136-165 Severe damage. Entire stories of well-constructed houses destroyed; severe
damage to large buildings such as shopping malls; trains overturned; trees debarked;
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EF
Number
3 Second
Gust (mph) Damage
heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown; structures with weak foundations blown
away some distance.
4 166-200 Devastating damage. Well-constructed houses and whole frame houses completely
leveled; cars thrown, and small missiles generated.
5 Over 200
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses leveled off foundations and swept away;
automobile-sized missiles fly in excess of 100 m; high-rise buildings have significant
structural deformation; incredible phenomena will occur.
The most intense tornado to pass through Collier County in the past 20 years was an EF1
in Ochopee on September 9, 2017. While NCEI reports no property damage occurred,
narratives of the event say that it occurred simultaneous to Hurricane Irma and caused
damage to multiple trees along its path. The tornado was 0.25 miles long and 50 yards
wide.
• Impact: 3 – Critical
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
THUNDERSTORM WINDS
Between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2023, the NCEI recorded 62 separate
incidents of thunderstorm winds, occurring on 40 separate days. These events caused
$207,500 in recorded property damage and $3,000 in crop damages but zero injuries or
fatalities were reported. The recorded gusts averaged 54 miles per hour, with the highest
gusts recorded at 78 mph, recorded on January 17, 2016. Of these events, 18 caused
property damage. Wind gusts with property damage recorded averaged $11,572 in
damage, with one gust causing a reported $50,000 in damage (in East Naples on August
9, 2006). These incidents are aggregated by the date the events occurred and are
recorded in Table 2.46 below:
Table 2.46 – Recorded Thunderstorm Winds with Property Damages, Collier County,
2000-2023
Location Date Wind Speed (mph) Fatalities Injuries Property Damage
Vanderbilt Beach 6/26/2001 70 0 0 $50,000
Naples 7/17/2002 50 0 0 $0
Naples 2/22/2003 55 0 0 $0
Vanderbilt Beach 7/4/2003 65 0 0 $0
Golden Gate 4/12/2004 55 0 0 $10,000
Immokalee 6/4/2004 54 0 0 $0
Marco Island 8/13/2004 55 0 0 $0
Everglades City 4/7/2005 50 0 0 $5,000
Golden Gate 7/16/2005 50 0 0 $1,000
East Naples 8/9/2006 70 0 0 $50,000
Naples 8/19/2006 55 0 0 $0
Jerome 5/5/2007 56 0 0 $0
Immokalee 5/6/2007 61 0 0 $10,000
(Apf)Naples Muni Arp 5/14/2007 52 0 0 $0
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Location Date Wind Speed (mph) Fatalities Injuries Property Damage
Golden Gate 6/8/2007 61 0 0 $1,000
East Naples 6/25/2007 56 0 0 $500
(Apf)Naples Muni Arp 9/17/2007 54 0 0 $20,000
Sunniland 6/7/2009 52 0 0 $0
Naples Park 4/26/2010* 50 0 0 $2,000
Immokalee 6/15/2011* 50 0 0 $40,000
(Apf)Naples Muni Arp 4/6/2012 52 0 0 $2,000
Immokalee 5/24/2013 52 0 0 $0
East Naples 3/6/2014* 52 0 0 $0
Corkscrew 3/29/2014 52 0 0 $0
Golden Gate 6/15/2014 52 0 0 $0
Golden Gate 6/11/2015* 52 0 0 $0
(Apf)Naples Muni Arp 9/29/2015 56 0 0 $0
Naples 1/17/2016* 78 0 0 $0
Marco Island Arpt 2/16/2016 52 0 0 $0
Goodland 1/23/2017 52 0 0 $0
(Apf)Naples Muni Arp 7/31/2017 50 0 0 $2,000
(Apf)Naples Muni Arp 12/9/2017 51 0 0 $0
Marco Island 3/20/2018 53 0 0 $0
East Naples 5/30/2018 43 0 0 $5,000
Marco Island 10/19/2019* 39 0 0 $2,000
North Naples 4/25/2020 43 0 0 $1,000
North Naples 4/26/2020* 56 0 0 $1,000
East Naples 5/18/2020* 50 0 0 $1,000
East Naples 5/22/2020 50 0 0 $0
Golden Gate 5/31/2021 52 0 0 $0
Total 0 0 $207,500
Source: NCEI; Note: *Multiple events occurred on these dates. Injury, fatality, and
damage stats are totaled; wind speed is highest reported.
In addition to recorded thunderstorm wind events, NCEI reports 3 high wind and strong
wind events during this same period that caused $5,000 in property damage. Of all 65
wind events during this period, there were no incidents that directly caused deaths or
injuries.
LIGHTNING
According to NCEI data, there were 32 lightning strikes reported between 2000 and 2023.
Of these, 20 recorded property damage totaling over $4.8 million. The highest rate of
property damage recorded for a single incident was $2,000,000. Four events caused
fatalities, and eight events caused a total of 13 injuries. Event narratives indicate in some
cases that property damage occurred but was not estimated; therefore, actual property
damage amounts are higher. No crop damage was recorded by these strikes. It should
be noted that lightning events recorded by the NCEI are only those that are reported; it is
certain that additional lightning incidents have occurred in Collier County. Table 2.47
details NCEI-recorded lightning strikes from 2000 through 2023.
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Table 2.47 – Recorded Lightning Strikes in Collier County, 2000-2023
Location Date Time Fatalities Injuries Property Damage
Naples Park 6/18/2001 18:30 0 0 $2,000
Immokalee 4/28/2003 13:30 1 2 $0
Naples 8/5/2003 14:00 0 1 $5,000
Lely 8/7/2006 12:45 0 1 $500,000
Golden Gate 8/15/2006 14:00 0 1 $0
North Naples 7/27/2007 18:55 0 0 $40,000
Collier City 9/17/2008 20:00 0 0 $75,000
Corkscrew 6/23/2009 12:50 0 2 $0
Naples 7/14/2010 14:15 0 0 $10,000
Naples Park 9/26/2010 14:30 0 0 $1,000
Golden Gate 9/23/2011 16:50 0 0 $600
Corkscrew 6/26/2013 12:35 1 0 $0
Marco 7/9/2013 14:00 0 0 $0
Marco 8/18/2013 16:30 0 0 $0
North Naples 9/2/2013 12:10 0 0 $2,000,000
East Naples 9/6/2013 19:30 0 0 $2,000
Vanderbilt Beach 9/7/2013 15:45 0 0 $30,000
Golden Gate 4/17/2014 14:55 0 0 $0
East Naples 7/15/2014 10:20 0 0 $5,000
Naples 6/22/2015 17:00 0 0 $2,000,000
Naples Park 7/1/2015 18:00 0 0 $2,000
North Naples 7/1/2015 18:30 0 0 $10,000
East Naples 8/15/2015 14:00 0 1 $0
Golden Gate 5/28/2016 14:00 1 0 $0
Marco Island 8/24/2016 13:50 0 3 $0
North Naples 6/30/2017 17:00 0 0 $10,000
Naples Park 7/18/2019 12:30 0 0 $80,000
North Naples 5/18/2020 16:50 0 0 $50,000
Marco 7/17/2021 14:47 1 0 $0
North Naples 7/26/2021 17:00 0 2 $0
Naples Park 9/11/2021 18:50 0 0 $2,000
Naples 7/6/2022 13:45 0 0 $2,000
Total 4 13 $4,826,600
Source: NCEI
The following are a selection of narrative descriptions recorded in NCEI for lightning
events that occurred in Collier County:
April 28, 2003 – A 52-year-old was killed while working near a ditch at a farm two miles
from Oil Well Road. Two other men standing about 10 feet away were injured by the same
lightning strike. It was raining heavily at the time.
June 23, 2009 – Two truck drivers were shocked by a nearby lightning strike as they were
loading a dump truck in the Golden Gate Estates area. Both men received minor burns
on their thighs and complained that their feet were stinging and burning. The injuries were
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not believed to be serious. One of the men was 22 years old and the other's age was
unclear.
June 26, 2013 – Lightning fatally struck a 35-year-old male construction worker who was
working on the exterior of a single-family home on scaffolding.
May 28, 2016 – OSHA reported a fatality due to a lightning strike to a construction worker
who was struck while working on a roof. The date of death was reported to be the following
day, May 29th, 2016.
August 24, 2016 – A family visiting from out of town was leaving the south beach area of
Marco Island as storms approached when lightning struck near their location. A 15 -year-
old male, as well as his brother and another female fell into the sand. All three were able
to recover, but the 15-year-old male reported numbness in the chest, legs, and arms. All
three victims and was taken to a local hospital and later released with minor injuries.
May 18, 2020 – Broadcast media reported a house fire due to a lightning strike near the
corner of Ridge Dr and East Ave near North Naples. The family had safely evacuated the
home by the time crews arrived on scene. Naples Fire-Rescue Department confirms a
lightning strike hit the roof of a home.
September 11, 2021 – A lightning strike caused a utility pole to burst into flames in
Naples. Witnesses say a lightning bolt struck the pole outside of Paragon Pavilion on
Vanderbilt Road. The pole popped a couple of times before catching fire. No injuries
reported. Time based on National Lightning Detection Network data.
HAIL
NCEI records 45 separate hail incidents across 30 days between January 1, 2000 and
December 31, 2023 in Collier County. Of these, only $500 of property damage was
reported from a singular event, while none caused death, injury or crop damage.
However, this damage estimate may be under reported, as damage was reported in the
narratives of many events but was not recorded in terms of a monetary value. The largest
diameter hail recorded in the County was 1.5 inches, which occurred on two occasions:
in Golden Gate on April 6, 2012 and in North Naples on June 26, 2014. The average hail
size of all events in the County was just under one inch in diameter. Table 2.48 shows
the summary of hail occurrences.
Table 2.48 – Summary of Hail Occurrences by Location, 2000-2023
Location Number of Occurrences Average Hail Diameter
Copeland 1 1.00”
Everglades City 1 0.75”
Golden Gate 14 0.95”
Harker 1 1.25”
Immokalee 4 0.90”
Jerome 1 1.00”
Marco Island 3 0.96”
Miles City 1 1.00”
Monroe Station 1 0.75”
Naples 6 0.84”
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Location Number of Occurrences Average Hail Diameter
Naples Park 5 0.88”
North Naples 5 1.05”
Royal Palm 1 1.00”
Total 45 0.93”
Source: NCEI
The following narratives provide detail on select hailstorms from the above list of NCEI
recorded events:
April 6, 2012 – A strong cold front produced a line of strong to severe thunderstorms that
moved across South Florida during the morning and early afternoon. Approximately 4,000
customers lost power in Collier County, with an estimated 5,800 in Broward and Miami -
Dade counties. Hail of 1.5-inch diameter was reported near Golden Gate Boulevard about
one mile east of Collier Blvd.
June 26, 2014 – A moist and unstable airmass resulted in scattered late afternoon and
evening showers and thunderstorms. A Facebook picture showed a 1.5 -inch hail diameter
in Wilshire Lakes just north of Vanderbilt Beach Road and east of I -75.
June 11, 2018 – Morning storms once again developed along the east coast with the
Atlantic Sea breeze, with numerous storms across the interior and Gulf coast as sea
breeze moved west and collided with the Gulf breeze along the Gulf coast during the
afternoon hours. Shower and storm development along these boundaries were enhanced
by a lingering upper-level low across the northern Florida and the eastern Gulf of Mexico,
allowing several strong storms to develop. Hail and a funnel cloud were reported in Palm
Beach County with the morning activity, along with a lightning-induced fatality in Broward
County. Hail was reported in Collier County during the afternoon hours. A video received
via social media shows approximately dime sized hail falling in the Palm River area of
North Naples. Time is estimated based on video post time and radar.
May 22, 2020 – An upper-level low ejected northeastward and away from the southeast
US which allowed for heights to rebound across South Florida as a ridge builds in from
the western Atlantic. With the return of easterly flow, the Atlantic Sea breeze pushed
inland and across the interior while the Gulf Breeze remained pinned along the west
coast. This allowed the main focus for afternoon convection to be in western portions of
South Florida where the two sea breeze boundaries collided. With tem peratures aloft
rather cool along with steepened lapse rates, parcel accelerations were strong enough
for the development of hail and strong downbursts. Pictures received via social media
reported 3/4-inch hail near the intersection of Collier Blvd and Vanderbilt Beach Rd.
August 3, 2022 – Cold air aloft coupled with afternoon heating led to the development of
sea breezes which focused strong to severe thunderstorms over SW Florida during the
afternoon. Member of the public reported quarter-sized hail (estimated) and trees downed
just east of NCH North Naples Hospital near Sharwood Drive.
TORNADO
NCEI storm reports were reviewed from 2000 through 2023 to assess whether recent
trends varied from the longer historical record. According to NCEI, Collier County
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experienced 27 tornado incidents between 2000 and 2023, causing 2 injuries, over $900
thousand in property damage and no fatalities or crop damage. However, this damage
estimate may be under reported, as damage was reported in the narratives of many
events but was not recorded in terms of a monetary value. Table 2.49 shows historical
tornadoes in Collier County during this time period.
Table 2.49 – Recorded Tornadoes in Collier County, 2000-2023
Location Date Time Magnitude Deaths/Injuries Property Damage
Naples 6/16/2001 16:45 F0 0/0 $2,000
Naples 3/27/2003 14:20 F1 0/0 $50,000
Ochopee 3/27/2003 15:00 F0 0/0 $0
Ochopee 7/15/2003 17:59 F0 0/0 $0
Monroe Station 10/29/2003 13:20 F0 0/0 $0
Golden Gate 4/12/2004 17:45 F1 0/0 $100,000
North Naples 7/10/2004 17:00 F0 0/0 $5,000
East Naples 9/19/2004 15:15 F1 0/0 $75,000
East Naples 9/19/2004 15:20 F0 0/0 $10,000
Naples 9/27/2005 16:27 F0 0/0 $0
Copeland 10/24/2005 13:30 F1 0/0 $40,000
Jerome 9/22/2007 19:00 EF0 0/0 $0
North Naples 12/21/2007 20:10 EF0 0/0 $15,000
Everglades City 2/12/2008 21:45 EF0 0/0 $444,590
Naples 4/6/2012 20:43 EF0 0/0 $10,000
East Naples 6/23/2012 14:35 EF0 0/0 $35,000
Naples Park 6/23/2012 15:00 EF0 0/1 $0
Goodland 6/24/2012 10:10 EF0 0/0 $0
Golden Gate 6/24/2012 11:00 EF0 0/0 $0
Corkscrew 6/24/2012 11:25 EF0 0/0 $0
Vanderbilt Beach 9/29/2015 21:00 EF0 0/0 $0
Sunniland 2/16/2016 17:10 EF0 0/0 $0
Ochopee 9/9/2017 11:20 EF1 0/0 $0
Corkscrew 11/22/2017 16:40 EF0 0/0 $0
Marco 1/16/2022 09:07 EF0 0/1 $20,000
Everglades City 1/16/2022 10:53 EF0 0/0 $0
Naples Muni Airport 8/24/2023 15:55 EF0 0/0 $100,000
Total 0/2 $906,590
Source: NCEI
Narratives from NCEI illustrate that damage occurred in many of these incidents even if
a monetary value was not recorded. Specific incidents with some level of impact include:
April 12, 2004 – A tornado associated with a squall line touched down near I -75 and
Santa Barbara Boulevard and lifted near the Golden Gate Parkway. The tornado caused
minor roof damage to houses, destroyed sheds and uprooted trees. Minor damage was
also reported at Naples Municipal Airport.
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September 19, 2004 – A tornado touched down in a vacant construction site just south
of the Imperial Wilderness Mobile Home Park then moved northwest through the MHP.
Damage was sustained to twenty homes with six suffering major damage.
February 12, 2008 – An EF0 Tornado touched down at the Everglades City Airport,
flipping two Cessna Aircrafts while moving northeast. The tornado then moved across
western sections of Everglades City producing roof and minor structural damage to a
condo, school, and storage building and downing trees and power poles and damaging
fences before dissipating on the north side of town.
June 23, 2012 – The outer bands from Tropical Storm Debby located in the northeast
Gulf of Mexico spawned two tornadoes in the Naples area both with EF0 intensity. A brief
tornado touchdown occurred at the North Collier Hospital in North Naples on the corner
of Immokalee and Goodlette-Frank Roads. Damage was reported to trees and light poles
broken off, but no structural damage to the hospital. One person was struck by a downed
tree limb and was treated on-site. The tornado was likely spawned by the same storm
that produced the earlier tornado in East Naples.
November 22, 2017 – A frontal boundary across the region and a few showers across
South Florida. A brief tornado/ land spout occurred in rural portions of Collier County.
Collier County Sheriff Office reported via a police helicopter a tornado in the Corkscrew
area in Collier County. The tornado was brief and stayed in an open field with no damage
reported.
January 16, 2022 – An area of low pressure moving across the Southeast United States
dragged its associated cold front across the FL peninsula, bringing severe thunderstorms
to the region. A band of thunderstorms moved through the area, with strong winds aloft
providing the necessary ingredients for a few waterspouts/tornadoes as well as strong
and gusty straight-line winds. Members of the public shared video of the tornadoes as it
passed near Everglades City after coming ashore. The survey observed a leaning power
pole along Tamiami Trail just east of the intersection with State Road 29.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Based on historical occurrences recorded by NCEI for the 24-year period from 2000
through 2023, Collier County averages 2.6 thunderstorm wind events per year. Over this
same period, 32 lightning events were reported as having caused death, injury, or
property damage, which equates to an average of 1.3 damaging lightning strikes per year.
The average hailstorm in Collier County occurs in the afternoon and has a hail stone with
a diameter of just under one inch. Over the 24-year period from 2000 through 2023, Collier
County experienced 45 reported hail incidents; this averages just under two reported
incidents per year somewhere in the planning area, or a 100% chance that the County
will experience a hail incident each year.
Based on these historical occurrences, there is a 100% chance that the County will
experience severe weather each year. The probability of a damaging impacts is highly
likely.
In over a 20-year span between 2000 and 2023, Collier County experienced 27 separate
tornado incidents over 21 separate days. This correlates to over a 100 percent annual
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probability that the Region will experience a tornado somewhere in its boundaries. None
of these past tornado events was a magnitude EF2 or greater; therefore, the annual
probability of a significant tornado event is less than 1 percent.
• Probability: 4 – Highly Likely
CLIMATE CHANGE
Per the Fifth National Climate Assessment, “The complexes of thunderstorms that bring
substantial precipitation to the central United States during the warm season have
become more frequent and longer lasting over the past two decades.” As temperatures
rise humidity may increase atmospheric variability associated with the origination of
severe thunderstorms and tornadoes. These changes are likely to lengthen the severe
thunderstorm season throughout the Southeast during the cool-season months. Hail and
lightning are often associated with thunderstorms and are predicted to follow a similar
trend. Additionally, the Fifth National Climate Assessment states that “while the average
annual number of tornadoes appears to have remained relatively constant, there is
evidence that tornado outbreaks have become more frequent, that tornado power has
increased, that tornado activity is increasing in the fall, and that “Tornado Alley” has
shifted eastward.” There presently is not enough data or research to quantify the
magnitude of change that climate change may have related to severe storms and
tornados and the level of significance of this hazard should be revisited over time.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
People and populations exposed to the elements are most vulnerable to severe weather.
A common hazard associated with wind events is falling trees and branches. Risk of being
struck by lightning is greater in open areas, at higher elevations, and on the water.
Lightning can also cause cascading hazards, including power loss. Loss of power could
critically impact those relying on energy to service, including those that need powered
medical devices. Additionally, the ignition of fires is always a concern with lightning
strikes.
The availability of sheltered locations such as basements, buildings constructed using
hail-resistant materials and methods, and public storm shelters, all reduce the exposure
of the population. Residents living in mobile homes are more vulnerable to hail events
due to the lack of shelter locations and the vulnerability of the housing unit to damages.
Overall, the housing stock in Collier County includes 11,189 mobile home units,
comprising of almost 5 percent of the total housing stock. Approximately 15 percent of
the housing stock in Everglades City is comprised of mobile home units. These
communities may face more severe impacts from hurricane events as a result.
Since 2000, the NCEI records 4 fatalities and 13 injuries attributed to lightning in Collier
County. NCEI records no fatalities, and no injuries attributed to wind events in Collier
County. There are no injuries or fatalities attributed to hail.
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People and populations exposed to the elements are most vulnerable to tornados. Since
2000, the NCEI database records no fatalities, and two injuries attributed to tornadoes in
Collier County.
• Population Patterns:
o Rising population in mobile home parks and low-cost housing
developments vulnerable to high winds.
o Increased urban population exposed to falling debris and infrastructure
damage.
o Vulnerable populations, such as outdoor workers, are at higher risk during
severe weather events.
o Underserved Populations: Low-income households may lack access to
safe storm shelters or reinforced structures. Non -English-speaking
residents may experience communication barriers when receiving warnings
for fast-moving storms
PROPERTY
All property, including residential and commercial buildings as well as critical facilities and
infrastructure, are vulnerable to impacts from severe storms and tornadoes.
Property damage caused by lightning usually occurs in one of two ways – either by direct
damages through fires ignited by lightning, or by secondary impacts due to power loss.
According to data collected on lightning strikes in Collier County, most recorded property
damage was due to structure fires.
NCEI records lightning impacts over 20 years (2000-2023), with $4,826,600 in property
damage recorded (no incidents were recorded in 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2012, 2018, or
2023). Based on these records, the planning area experiences an annualized loss of
$201,108 in property damage. The average impact from lightning per incident in Collier
County is $150,831.
General damages to property from hail are direct, including destroyed windows, dented
cars, and building, roof and siding damage in areas exposed to hail. Hail can also cause
enough damage to cars to cause them to be totaled. The level of damage is
commensurate with both a material’s ability to withstand hail impacts, and the size of the
hailstones that are falling. Construction practices and building codes can help maximize
the resistance of the structures to damage. Large amounts of hail may need to be
physically cleared from roadways and sidewalks, depending on accumulation. Hail can
cause other cascading impacts, including power loss.
During a 24-year span between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2023 in Collier
County, NCEI reported only $500 worth of property damage as a direct result of hail. It
should be noted that property damage due to hail is usually insured loss, with damages
covered under most major comprehensive insurance plans. Because of this, hail losses
are notoriously underreported by the NCEI. It is difficult to find an accurate r epository of
hail damages in Collier County, thus the NCEI is still used to form a baseline.
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Wind events reported in NCEI for the 24-year period from 2000 through 2023 totaled
$207,500 in property damage, which equates to an annualized loss of $8,645 across the
planning area.
General damages to property are both direct (what the tornado physically destroys) and
indirect, which focuses on additional costs, damages and losses attributed to secondary
hazards spawned by the tornado, or due to the damages caused by the tornado.
Depending on the size of the tornado and its path, a tornado is capable of damaging and
eventually destroying almost anything. Construction practices and building codes can
help maximize the resistance of the structures to damage.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Increased development of large commercial complexes and high -rise
structures that require wind-hardening measures.
o Expansion of suburban neighborhoods with limited underground utilities,
increasing the risk of power outages.
o Growth of new outdoor recreational facilities that are vulnerable to lightning
strikes and wind damage
Secondary impacts of tornado damage often result from damage to infrastructure.
Downed power and communications transmission lines, coupled with disruptions to
transportation, create difficulties in reporting and responding to emergencies. These
indirect impacts of a tornado put tremendous strain on a community. In the immediate
aftermath, the focus is on emergency services.
Since 2000, damaging tornadoes in the County are directly responsible for nearly
$906,590 worth of damage to property according to NCEI data. This equates to an
annualized loss of $37,774.
ENVIRONMENT
The main environmental impact from wind is damage to trees or crops. Wind events can
also bring down power lines, which could cause a fire and result in even greater
environmental impacts. Lightning may also result in the ignition of wildfires. This is part of
a natural process, however, and the environment will return to its original state in time.
Hail can cause extensive damage to the natural environment, pelting animals, trees and
vegetation with hailstones. Melting hail can also increase both river and flash flood risk.
Tornadoes can cause massive damage to the natural environment, uprooting trees and
other debris within the tornado’s path. This is part of a natural process, however, and the
environment will return to its original state in time.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.50 summarizes the potential negative consequences of severe weather.
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Table 2.50 – Consequence Analysis – Severe Weather
Category Consequences
Public Injuries; fatalities
Responders Injuries; fatalities; potential impacts to response capabilities due to storm impacts
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued Delivery
of Services)
Potential impacts to continuity of operations due to storm impacts; delays in
providing services
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Possibility of structure fire ignition; potential for disruptions in power and
communications infrastructure; destruction and/or damage to any exposed
property, especially windows, cars and siding; mobile homes see increased risk.
The weakest tornadoes, EF0, can cause minor roof damage, while strong
tornadoes can destroy frame buildings and even badly damage steel reinforced
concrete structures. Buildings are vulnerable to direct impact from tornadoes and
from wind borne debris. Mobile homes are particularly susceptible to damage
during tornadoes.
Environment Potential fire ignition from lightning; hail damage to wildlife and foliage. Potential
devastating impacts in storm’s path.
Economic Condition of the
Jurisdiction
Lightning damage contingent on target; can severely impact/destroy critical
infrastructure and other economic drivers. Contingent on tornado’s path; can
severely impact/destroy critical infrastructure and other economic drivers.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
Public confidence is not generally affected by severe weather events if response
and recovery are not timely and effective.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes severe weather hazard risk by jurisdiction. Most aspects
of severe storm risk do not vary substantially by jurisdiction; however, mobile home units
are more vulnerable to wind damage. Approximately 15 percent of the housing units in
Everglades City are mobile home units. Additionally, there are over 11,000 mobile home
units in Collier County, comprising almost 5 percent of the housing stock. These
communities may therefore face more severe impacts from wind. Where priority ratings
vary between wind, lightning, and hail for impact and spatial extent, these scores
represent an average rating with greater weight given to thunderstorm wind because it
occurs much more frequently.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 4 2 3 4 1 2.9 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
4 1 3 4 1 2.6 M
Marco Island 4 1 3 4 1 2.6 M
Naples 4 1 3 4 1 2.6 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 4 2 3 4 1 2.9 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
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2.5.3 WILDFIRE
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
A wildfire is an uncontained fire that spreads through the environment. Wildfires can
consume large areas, including infrastructure, property, and resources. When massive
fires, or conflagrations, develop near populated areas, evacuations possibly ensue. Not
only do the flames impact the environment, but the massive volumes of smoke spread by
certain atmospheric conditions also impact the health of nearby populations. There are
three general types of fire spread that are recognized.
• Ground fires – burn organic matter in the soil beneath surface litter and are
sustained by glowing combustion.
• Surface fires – spread with a flaming front and burn leaf litter, fallen branches
and other fuels located at ground level.
• Crown fires – burn through the top layer of foliage on a tree, known as the
canopy or crown fires. Crown fires, the most intense type of fire and often the
most difficult to contain, need strong winds, steep slopes and a heavy fuel load to
continue burning.
Generally, wildfires are started by humans, either through arson or carelessness. Fire
intensity is controlled by both short-term weather conditions and longer-term vegetation
conditions. During intense fires, understory vegetation, such as leaves, small branches,
and other organic materials that accumulate on the ground, can become additional fuel
for the fire. The most explosive conditions occur when dry, gusty winds blow across dry
vegetation.
Weather plays a major role in the birth, growth and death of a wildfire. In support of
forecasting for fire weather, the NWS Fire Weather Program emerged in response to a
need for weather support to large and dangerous wildfires. This service is provided to
federal and state land management agencies for the prevention, suppression, and
management of forest and rangeland fires.
Weather conditions favorable to wildfire include drought, which increases flammability of
surface fuels, and winds, which aid a wildfire’s progress. The combination of wind,
temperature, and humidity affects how fast wildland fires can spread. Rapid response can
contain wildfires and limit their threat to property.
Collier County experiences a variety of wildfire conditions found in the Keetch -Byram
Drought Index, which is described in
Table 2.51. The Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) for September 19, 2024 is shown
in
Figure 2.26 along with a Daily Fire Danger Estimate Adjective Rating for certain points
across the state. The KBDI for Collier County and the surrounding areas at this time was
between 0-99.
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Table 2.51 – Keetch-Byram Drought Index Fire Danger Rating System
KBDI Description
0-200 Soil and fuel moisture are high. Most fuels will not readily ignite or burn. However, with enough sunlight
and wind, cured grasses and some light surface fuels will burn in sports and patches.
200-400 Fires more readily burn and will carry across an area with no gaps. Heavier fuels will still not readily ignite
and burn. Also, expect smoldering and the resulting smoke to carry into and possibly through the night.
400-600 Fire intensity begins to significantly increase. Fires will readily burn in all directions exposing mineral soils
in some locations. Larger fuels may burn or smolder for several days creating possible smoke and control
problems.
600-800 Fires will burn to mineral soil. Stumps will burn to the end of underground roots and spotting will be a major
problem. Fires will burn through the night and heavier fuels will actively burn and contribute to fire intensity.
Source: United State Forest Service Wildland Fire Assessment System
Figure 2.26 – Keetch-Byram Drought Index, September 19, 2024
Source: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
• Warning Time: 4 – Less than 6 hours
• Duration: 3 – Less than 1 week
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LOCATION
The location of wildfire risk can be defined by the acreage of Wildland Urban Interface
(WUI). The WUI is described as the area where structures and other human
improvements meet and intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels, and
thus demarcates the spatial extent of wildfire risk. The WUI is essentially all the land in
the county that is not heavily urbanized. The expansion of residential developm ent from
urban centers out into rural landscapes increases the potential for wildland fire threat to
public safety and the potential for damage to forest resources and dependent industries.
Population growth within the WUI substantially increases the risk of wildfire. Collier
County and all of its jurisdictions are exposed to wildfire.
Table 2.52 details the extent of the WUI in Collier County, and Figure 2.27 maps the WUI.
It is important to note that Collier County is the second largest county in Florida by area
where 196,092 acres (15% of WUI acres) is inside the WUI, leaving 1,107,046 outside
the WUI.
• Spatial Extent: 3 – Moderate
Table 2.52 – Wildland Urban Interface, Population and Acres
Housing Density WUI Acres Percent of WUI Acres
LT 1hs/40ac 25,792 13.2%
1hs/40ac to 1hs/20ac 10,596 5.4%
1hs/20ac to 1hs/10ac 14,362 7.3%
1hs/10ac to 1hs/5ac 17,246 8.8%
1hs/5ac to 1hs/2ac 43,739 22.3%
1hs/2ac to 3hs/1ac 68,147 34.8%
GT 3hs/1ac 16,211 8.3%
Total 196,092 100.0%
Source: WSP GIS Analysis
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Figure 2.27 – Wildland Urban Interface, Collier County
Source: Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment
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EXTENT
The extent of a wildfire can be quantified by assessing its intensity, which refers to the
energy output or heat released by the fire as it burns. One of the most commonly used
tools to measure wildfire intensity is the Characteristic Fire Intensity Scale (CFIS). This
scale is instrumental in identifying areas where significant fuel hazards exit- those regions
with a high potential to support dangerous and uncontrollable fires. The CFIS now only
measures the current intensity of a wildfire but also helps to predict the potential for severe
fires by analyzing the available fuel, topography, and weather conditions.
Fire intensity ratings provide critical information about the potential for extreme fire
behavior by considering a range of factors that influence how a fire will behave. These
factors include the type, amount, and arrangement of fuels (such as vegetation or trees),
the slope and layout of the land (topography), and weather patterns, including wind
speed, humidity, and temperature. The ratings are determined using a weighted average
of four percentile weather categories, which represent different levels of fire weather
conditions, from relatively mild to extreme. The Fire Intensity Scale consists of five
classes, as defined by Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment and is shown in Table 2.53.
Figure 2.28 shows the potential fire intensity within the WUI across Collier County.
Table 2.53 – Fire Intensity Scale
Class Description
1, Very Low Very small, discontinuous flames, usually less than 1 foot in length; very low rate of spread; no
spotting. Fires are typically easy to suppress by firefighters with basic training and non -
specialized equipment.
2, Low Small flames, usually less than two feet long; small amount of very short-range spotting possible.
Fires are easy to suppress by trained firefighters with protective equipment and specialized tools.
3, Moderate Flames up to 8 feet in length; short-range spotting is possible. Trained firefighters will find these
fires difficult to suppress without support from aircraft or engines, but dozer and plows are
generally effective. Increasing potential for harm or damage to life and property.
4, High Large Flames, up to 30 feet in length; short-range spotting common; medium range spotting
possible. Direct attack by trained firefighters, engines, and dozers is generally ineffective, indirect
attack may be effective. Significant potential for harm or damage to life and property.
5, Very High Very large flames up to 150 feet in length; profuse short-range spotting, frequent long-range
spotting; strong fire-induced winds. Indirect attack marginally effective at the head of the fire.
Great potential for harm or damage to life and property.
Source: Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment
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Figure 2.28 – Characteristic Fire Intensity, Collier County
Source: Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment
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A significant portion, approximately 33.6 percent, of Collier County may experience a
Class 4 or higher Fire Intensity, which poses significant harm or damage to life and
property. However, the areas with greatest potential fire intensity are largely outside the
WUI. Over 24 percent of the county may experience Class 3 or 3.5 Fire Intensity, which
has potential for harm to life and property but is easier to suppress with dozer and plows.
The remainder of the region is either non-burnable (12.6%) or would face a Class 1 or
Class 2 Fire Intensity (29.5%), which are easily suppressed, shown in Table 2.54.
Table 2.54 - Characteristic Fire Intensity Scale Category
Class Acres Percent
Non-Burnable 163,733 12.6%
1 Lowest Intensity 190,122 14.6%
1.5 117,218 9.0%
2 Low 31,854 2.4%
2.5 45,526 3.5%
3 Moderate 60,803 4.7%
3.5 256,644 19.7%
4 High 131,765 10.1%
4.5 259,638 19.9%
5 Highest Intensity 45,835 3.5%
Total 1,303,138 100.0%
Source: Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment & GIS Analysis
• Impact: 2 – Limited
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
NCEI records the following 24 wildfires for Collier County within the 24-year period from
January 2000 through December 2023.
Table 2.55 – Wildfires in Collier County, 2000-2023
Location Date Fatalities Injuries Property Damage
Golden Gate 4/9/2000 0 0 $200,000
Golden Gate 5/19/2001 0 0 $0
Unknown 5/4/2007 0 0 $0
Unknown 5/7/2007 0 0 $75,000
Unknown 6/1/2007 0 0 $0
Unknown 5/29/2008 0 0 $850,000
Unknown 4/22/2009 0 0 $0
Unknown 5/1/2009 0 0 $0
Unknown 5/8/2009 0 0 $65,000
Unknown 4/26/2011 0 0 $80,000
Unknown 5/1/2011 0 0 $80,000
Unknown 3/5/2017 0 0 $578,000
Unknown 3/18/2017 0 0 $0
Unknown 3/30/2017 0 0 $0
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Location Date Fatalities Injuries Property Damage
Unknown 4/20/2017 0 1 $3,500,000
Unknown 4/20/2017 0 0 $0
Unknown 3/23/2018 0 0 $0
Unknown 5/1/2020 0 0 $0
Unknown 5/7/2020 0 0 $0
Unknown 5/13/2020 0 0 $0
Unknown 5/22/2021 0 0 $0
Unknown 3/3/2023 0 0 $0
Unknown 4/4/2023 0 0 $0
Unknown 5/1/2023 0 0 $0
Total 0 1 $5,428,000
Source: NCEI
Almost $5.5 million in property damage was accrued in Collier County over 24 years,
giving an average of $226,166 per year. The Florida Department of Agriculture and
Consumer Services maintains records of acreage burned and number of fires within the
State of Florida. Between January 1st and September 15, 2024, there were 1,768
wildfires across the State with a total of 49,206 acres burned.
Florida participates in the national Ready, Set, Go! program which helps prepare first
responders to best address wildfires when they occur. This program is also used as
outreach to help citizens understand their risk and how to be prepared. Collier County
has addressed fire hazards in their building codes and comprehensive plan. Additionally,
The State of Florida crated a State Wildfire Mitigation Plan, in which Collier County is a
part of the Caloosahatchee Forestry Center Wildfire Mitigation Plan.
According to the Caloosahatchee Forestry Center Wildfire Mitigation Plan, Collier County
is home to many prescribed burn programs due to its abundance of public parks and
forests. The largest wildfire hazard area in Collier County is Golden Gates Estates
because of its density and location in heavily wooded areas. Between 2005 and 2015,
lightning was the main cause of wildfires in the County accounting for 39 percent of the
810 wildfires. One of the many goals of the Wildfire Mitigation Plan is to complete a
Community Wildfire Protection Plan for Collier County.
The State of Florida uses this Active Wildfires Dashboard to communicate to others where
the currently burning wildfires are located. At the time this data is collected, there are no
active wildfires in the State of Florida.
The region experienced prolonged periods of severe drought in 1998 and 2001, as well
as extreme drought in 2010 to 2012, and again in 2017. These periods of drought may
explain some of the annual variation in fires and acreage burned.
On average, Collier County experiences almost one fire annually based on data reported
by the NCEI database. Actual number of fires is likely higher because smaller fires within
jurisdictional boundaries are managed by local fire departments.
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PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
The Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment provides a Burn Probability analysis which
predicts the probability of an area burning based on landscape conditions, weather,
historical ignition patterns, and historical fire prevention and suppression efforts. Burn
Probability data is generated by simulating fires under different weather, fire intensity, and
other conditions. Values in the Burn Probability (BP) data layer indicate, for each pixel,
the number of times that cell was burned by a modeled fire, divided by the total number
of annual weather scenarios simulated. The simulations are calibrated to historical fire
size distributions. The Burn Probability for Collier County is presented in Table 2.56 and
illustrated in Figure 2.29.
According to this data, approximately 12.3 percent of Collier County has no burn
probability.
Table 2.56 - Burn Probability, Collier County
Class Acres Percent
0 – no probability 160,313 12.3%
1 10,422 0.8%
2 25,005 1.9%
3 36,790 2.8%
4 28,736 2.2%
5 91,303 7.0%
6 152,290 11.7%
7 237,524 18.2%
8 483,124 37.0%
9 78,743 6.0%
10 0 0.0%
Total 1,304,250 100.0%
Source: Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment
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Figure 2.29 – Burn Probability, Collier County
Source: Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment
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Over 80 percent of Collier County has a burn probability between classes 6 and 9. The
areas of higher burn probability are located along U.S. Highway 41 near Everglades and
in the Big Cypress National Preserve. The northwestern corner of the county and areas
surrounding lakes have a burn probability between classes 1 to 4. The probability of
wildfire across the county is considered likely, defined as between a 10% and 100%
annual chance of occurrence. Everglades, Marco Island, and Naples are largely non -
burnable or contain only small areas of very low burn probability . The communities
containing a higher burn probability, as noted, have a comparatively higher probability of
occurrence.
• Probability: 3 – Likely
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is expected to have far-reaching effects on various environmental
processes, including the frequency an intensity of extreme heat and drought events, both
of which could profoundly influence wildfire behavior. As global temperatures rise, the
likelihood of more frequent and prolonged periods of extreme heat increase, which can
dry out vegetation, soil, and organic matter, making them more susceptible to ignition.
Additionally, the intensification of drought conditions means that water availability for
plants and ecosystems could become increasingly scarce, leading to a reduction in the
moisture content of vegetation, soils, and decomposing organic material, all of which play
a critical tole in wildfire dynamics. Moreover, the unpredictability of climate change means
that both seasons could become more extreme in their respective ways, amplifying the
impacts on wildfire behavior throughout Collier County, and it’s jurisdictions.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
Wildfire pose significant risks to human life and health, causing fatalities, injuries, and
long-term health complications such as respiratory issues due to smoke inhalation. To
mitigate these dangers, it is crucial to implement comprehensive procedures for rapid
warning and evacuation. Developing reliable early warning systems that utilize satellite
monitoring, drones, and weather forecasts can help alert comm unities to emerging
threats. Local authorities should communicate through various channels, including SMS
alerts, social media and community radio, to ensure that messages everyone effectively.
Effective communication and coordination among local fire departments, law
enforcement, and emergency management agencies are vital for an orderly and safe
evacuation process. After evacuations, providing support affected individuals and families
is crucial, including access to medical care, mental health services, and resources for
rebuilding. Establishing community networks can further assist residents during recovery.
Based on 2020 housing density data, Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment (SWRA)
estimates that 196,092 people of the total planning area population live within the WUI
and are therefore at risk to wildfire.
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• Population Patterns:
o Increased suburban expansion into wildland-urban interface areas like
Golden Gate Estates.
o Growing rural communities with limited fire mitigation measures.
o Higher risk for elderly and lower-income residents in rural areas with limited
access to emergency services.
o Underserved Populations: Migrant farmworkers and rural populations
may face challenges accessing emergency notifications due to remote
locations and language barriers.
PROPERTY
Wildfire can lead to sustainable direct property losses, impacting buildings, vehicles,
landscaped areas, agricultural lands, and livestock. The destruction of homes and
businesses not only results in financial losses but can also displace families and disrupt
communities. One effective approach to increasing fire resistance is the use of fire-rated
materials in construction such as non-combustible roofing, siding, and decks, as well as
tempered glass windows that can withstand high temperatures. Additionally, building
codes that require certain fire safety measures, such as proper ventilation and firebreaks,
can further protect properties from encroaching flames.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Land clearing for housing developments creating new wildland -urban
interfaces.
o Construction of fire-prone properties (e.g., wood-frame homes) in fire
zones.
o New roads and utilities increasing human activity and ignition risks in
wildfire-prone areas.
o Limited implementation of defensible space regulations and fire -resistant
building codes in some new developments.
Landscaping practices are another vital element in reducing vulnerability to wildfires. By
incorporating fire-resistant plants and creating defensible space around properties—
typically a buffer zone that extends at least 30 feet from structures —homeowners can
limit the flammability of their surroundings. Techniques such as maintaining a green lawn,
using gravel or stone mulch, and keeping trees trimmed can minimize the potential for fire
to spread to buildings.
Exposure to wildfire was estimated using SWRA’s Wildland Urban Interface Risk Index
(WUIRI). The WUIRI provides a rating of the potential impact of a wildfire on people and
properties. It is derived using a Response Function modeling approach which involve s
assigning a net change in the value to a resource or asset based on susceptibility to fire
at different intensity levels, such as flame length. The range of values is from -1 to -9, with
-1 representing the least negative impact and -9 representing the most negative impact.
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For example, areas with high housing density and high flame lengths are rated -9 while
areas with low housing density and low flame lengths are rated -1.
To calculate the WUIRI, SWRA combines WUI housing density data with Flame Length
data and response functions to represent potential impacts. Response functions were
defined by a team of experts based on values defined by SWRA. By combining flame
length with the WUI housing density data, you can determine where the greatest potential
impact to homes and people is likely to occur.Table 2.57 summarizes the number of
parcels and their total value that fall within areas with moderate to high risk for wildfire
impacts, defined as ratings of -5 to -9 on the WUIRI. This table represents exposure within
the area rated under -5, however, actual damages in the event of a wildfire would vary.
Based on this analysis, over 71 percent of the planning area is exposed to moderate to
high critical facility risk. Exposure is highest in Everglades City and Seminole Tribe
Immokalee Reservation, where over 81 percent of the property inventory is exposed.
Critical facility exposure to moderate and high risk for wildfire impacts is summarized by
jurisdiction and FEMA lifeline category in Table 2.58.
Table 2.57 – Property Exposure in Areas with Moderate to High Risk of Wildfire Impacts
Occupancy
Parcels at
Risk
% of Total
Parcels Structure Value
Estimated Content
Value Total Value
Everglades City
Commercial 66 67.3% $19,935,847 $19,935,847 $39,871,693
Government 0 0.0% $0 $0 $0
Industrial 0 0.0% $0 $0 $0
Religious 1 100.0% $17,175 $17,175 $34,350
Residential 320 85.3% $37,918,615 $18,959,307 $56,877,922
Total 387 81.1% $57,871,637 $38,912,329 $96,783,966
Seminole Tribe Immokalee Reservation
Commercial 27 77.1% $12,523,811 $12,523,811 $25,047,623
Residential 77 83.7% $19,829,368 $9,914,684 $29,744,052
Total 104 81.9% $32,353,179 $22,438,495 $54,791,674
Marco Island
Commercial 469 71.3% $260,009,768 $260,009,768 $520,019,535
Government 4 100.0% $2,598,779 $2,598,779 $5,197,558
Religious 1 50.0% $13,740 $13,740 $27,480
Residential 4,750 60.6% $2,300,904,180 $1,150,452,090 $3,451,356,270
Total 5,224 61.4% $2,563,526,466 $1,413,074,376 $3,976,600,843
Naples
Commercial 666 54.8% $893,334,210 $893,334,210 $1,786,668,421
Government 3 37.5% $251,133 $251,133 $502,266
Industrial 2 50.0% $750 $1,125 $1,875
Religious 1 20.0% $16,771 $16,771 $33,542
Residential 4,797 64.6% $5,941,067,784 $2,970,533,892 $8,911,601,676
Total 5,469 63.2% $6,834,670,648 $3,864,137,131 $10,698,807,780
Unincorporated Collier County*
Agriculture 15 14.9% $804,738 $804,738 $1,609,476
Commercial 4,735 62.0% $5,317,488,531 $5,317,488,531 $10,634,977,062
Education 1 20.0% $24,727 $24,727 $49,454
Government 32 22.4% $2,363,915 $2,363,915 $4,727,830
Industrial 27 56.3% $1,044,857 $1,567,286 $2,612,143
Religious 7 50.0% $145,849 $145,849 $291,698
Residential 92,134 78.3% $30,157,316,981 $15,078,658,490 $45,235,975,471
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Occupancy
Parcels at
Risk
% of Total
Parcels Structure Value
Estimated Content
Value Total Value
Total 96,951 77.2% $35,479,189,598 $20,401,053,536 $55,880,243,134
Countywide
Agriculture 15 14.9% $804,738 $804,738 $1,609,476
Commercial 5,270 54.6% $5,597,434,145 $5,597,434,145 $11,194,868,291
Education 1 20.0% $24,727 $24,727 $49,454
Government 36 22.9% $4,962,694 $4,962,694 $9,925,388
Industrial 27 50.9% $1,044,857 $1,567,286 $2,612,143
Religious 9 40.9% $176,764 $176,764 $353,528
Residential 97,204 72.8% $32,496,139,775 $16,248,069,888 $48,744,209,663
Total 102,562 71.5% $38,100,587,701 $21,853,040,242 $59,953,627,943
Source: GIS Analysis, Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
Table 2.58 – Critical Facility Exposure in Areas with Moderate to High Risk of Wildfire
Impacts
FEMA Lifeline
Facility County by Jurisdiction
Total Structure
Value
Unincorporated
Collier County*
Everglades
City
Seminole
Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
Marco
Island Naples Total
Communications 13 1 0 0 5 19 31,304,422
Energy 92 3 0 5 7 107 74,630,835
Food, Hydration,
Shelter 30 1 0 2 6 39 324,302,461
Hazardous
Materials 39 2 0 2 3 46 132,822,047
Health & Medical 43 0 0 2 6 51 593,033,530
Safety and Security 44 2 0 5 10 61 262,688,606
Transportation 5 1 0 0 0 6 6,328,920
Water Systems 27 1 1 4 2 35 106,346,697
Total 293 11 1 20 39 364 $1,531,457,516
Source: GIS Analysis, Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
ENVIRONMENT
Wildfires have the potential to cause extensive damage to forest and forage resources,
significantly affecting both natural habitats and agricultural land. When a wildfire sweeps
through a forest, it can obliterate vast areas of vegetation, leading to loss of trees, shrubs,
and underbrush that provide habitat for wildlife. This destruction disrupts ecosystems,
displacing animal species and impacting their food sources.
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Additionally, wildfires can severely damage agricultural crops on private land. The intense
heat and smoke can harm plants, leading to reduced yields or complete crop failure. This
not only affects farmers economically but can also have broader implication s for local and
regional food supplies. The destruction of crops can lead to higher food prices and food
scarcity, impacting communities that depend on these resources.
The recovery process can vary based on factors such as the severity of the fire, the type
of ecosystem affected, and climate conditions. In many cases, wildfires can lead to the
growth of new, diverse plant communities that enhance soil quality and increas e habitat
complexity. Additionally, the ash left behind can provide essential nutrients that stimulate
the growth of new vegetation.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.59 summarizes the potential detrimental consequences of wildfire.
Table 2.59 – Consequence Analysis - Wildfire
Category Consequences
Public In addition to the potential for fatalities, wildfire and the resulting diminished air quality
pose health risks. Exposure to wildfire smoke can cause serious health problems within a
community, including asthma attacks and pneumonia, and can worsen chronic heart and
lung diseases. Vulnerable populations include children, elderly, and people with
respiratory problems or heart disease. Even healthy citizens may experience symptoms
such as sore throats and itchy eyes.
Responders Public and firefighter safety is the priority in all wildland fire management activities.
Wildfires are a real threat to the health and safety of the emergency services. Most fire-
fighters in rural areas are 'retained'. This means that they are part-time and can be called
away from their normal work to attend to fires.
Continuity of
Operations (including
Continued Delivery of
Services)
Wildfire events can lead to power outages, disrupting operations significantly. Fallen
trees, damaged power lines, and poor road conditions can hinder access to essential
facilities and emergency equipment.
Property, Facilities
and Infrastructure
Wildfires frequently damage community infrastructure, including roadways,
communication networks and facilities, power lines, and water distribution systems.
Restoring basic services is critical and a top priority. Efforts to restore roadways include
the costs of maintenance and damage assessment teams, field data coll ection, and
replacement or repair costs. Direct impacts to municipal water supply may occur through
contamination of ash and debris during the fire, destruction of aboveground distribution
lines, and soil erosion or debris deposits into waterways after th e fire. Utilities and
communications repairs are also necessary for equipment damaged by a fire. This
includes power lines, transformers, cell phone towers, and phone lines.
Environment Wildfires damage the natural environment by killing vegetation and wildlife. The aftermath
increases the risk of floods and debris flows, as bare ground and the loss of plants leave
areas more vulnerable. Moreover, the secondary effects of wildfires—such as erosion,
landslides, the introduction of invasive species, and changes in water quality —can often
be more catastrophic than the fire itself.
Economic Condition
of the Jurisdiction
Wildfires can have significant short-term and long-term effects on the local economy.
Wildfires, and extreme fire danger, may reduce recreation and tourism in and near the
fires. If aesthetics are impaired, local property values can decline. Extensive fi re damage
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Category Consequences
to trees can significantly alter the timber supply, both through a short-term surplus from
timber salvage and a longer-term decline while the trees regrow. Water supplies can be
degraded by post-fire erosion and stream sedimentation.
Public Confidence in
the Jurisdiction’s
Governance
Wildfire events can undermine public confidence due to their visible effects on the
community. The level of trust in local governance may be shaped by actions taken before
a disaster, such as mitigation efforts, preparation initiatives, public education, timely
warnings to residents, response measures, and the speed and effectiveness of recovery
efforts.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes flood hazard risk by jurisdiction. Wildfire warning time
and duration do not vary by jurisdiction. Spatial extent ratings were estimated based on
the proportion of area within the WUI; all jurisdictions have between 10% and 50% of their
area in the WUI and were assigned a spatial extent rating of 3, except for the City of
Everglades which has close to 100% of its area in the WUI and was thus given a rating
of 4. Impact ratings were based on fire intensity data from SWRA. Juris dictions with
significant clusters of moderate to high fire intensity were assigned a rating of 3; all other
jurisdictions were assigned a rating of 2. Probability ratings were determined based on
burn probability data from SWRA. Jurisdictions with clusters of moderate burn probability
or higher were assigned a rating of 3; the remaining jurisdictions have minimal to no burn
probability and were assigned a probability of 1.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 1 3 4 4 3 2.7 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
3 3 3 4 3 3.1 H
Marco Island 1 2 3 4 3 2.2 M
Naples 1 2 3 4 3 2.2 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 3 3 3 4 3 3.1 H
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.4 COASTAL EROSION
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
COASTAL EROSION
Coastal erosion is a process whereby large storms, flooding, strong wave action, sea level
rise, and human activities, such as inappropriate land use, alterations, and shore
protection structures, wear away the beaches and bluffs along the coast. Erosion
undermines and often destroys homes, businesses, and public infrastructure and can
have long-term economic and social consequences. According to NOAA, coastal erosion
is responsible for approximately $500 million per year in coastal property loss in the
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United States, including damage to structures and loss of land. To mitigate coastal
erosion, the federal government subsidizes beach nourishment projects and other
shoreline erosion control measures. Since 2018, the federal government has spent more
than $770 million for emergency beach nourishment projects in Florida, Georgia, and the
Carolinas.
Coastal erosion has both natural causes and causes related to human activities. Gradual
coastal erosion and accretion results naturally from the impacts of tidal longshore
currents. Severe coastal erosion can occur over a short period when the state is imp acted
by hurricanes, tropical storms and other weather systems. Sand is continually removed
by longshore currents in some areas, but it is also continually replaced by sand carried in
by the same type of currents. Structures such as piers or sea walls, j etties, and
navigational inlets may interrupt the movement of sand. Sand can become “trapped” in
one place by these types of structures. The currents will, of course, continue to flow,
though depleted of sand trapped elsewhere. With significant amounts o f sand trapped in
the system, the continuing motion of currents (now deficient in sand) results in erosion.
In this way, human construction activities that result in the unnatural trapping of sand have
the potential to result in significant coastal erosion.
Erosion rates and potential impacts are highly localized. Severe storms can remove wide
beaches, along with substantial dunes, in a single event. In undeveloped areas, these
high recession rates are not likely to cause significant concern, but in some he avily
populated locations, one or two feet of erosion may be considered catastrophic (NOAA,
2014).
STREAM BANK EROSION
Stream banks erode by a combination of direct stream processes, like down cutting and
lateral erosion, and indirect processes, like mass-wasting accompanied by transportation.
When the channel bends, water on the outside of the bend (the cut -bank) flows faster and
water on the inside of the bend (the point) flows slower. This distribution of velocity results
in erosion occurring on the outside of the bend and deposition occurring on the inside of
the bend.
Stream bank erosion is a natural process, but acceleration of this natural process leads
to a disproportionate sediment supply, stream channel instability, land loss, habitat loss
and other adverse effects. Stream bank erosion processes, although complex, are driven
by two major components: stream bank characteristics (erodibility) and
hydraulic/gravitational forces. Many land use activities can affect both components and
lead to accelerated bank erosion. The vegetation rooting characteristics can protect
banks from fluvial entrainment and collapse and provide internal bank strength. When
riparian vegetation is changed from woody species to annual grasses and/or forbs, the
internal strength is weakened, causing acceleration of mass wasting processes. Stream
bank aggradation or degradation is often a response to stream channel instability. Since
bank erosion is often a symptom of a larger, more complex problem, the long -term
solutions often involve much more than just bank stabilization. Numerous studies have
demonstrated that stream bank erosion contributes a large portion of the annual sediment
yield.
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Determining the cause of accelerated streambank erosion is the first step in solving the
problem. When a stream is straightened or widened, streambank erosion increases.
Accelerated streambank erosion is part of the process as the stream seeks to re -establish
a stable size and pattern. Damaging or removing streamside vegetation to the point where
it no longer provides for bank stability can cause a dramatic increase in bank erosion. A
degrading streambed results in higher and often unstable, eroding banks. When land use
changes occur in a watershed, such as clearing land for agriculture or development,
runoff increases. With this increase in runoff the stream channel will adjust to
accommodate the additional flow, increasing streambank erosion. Addressing t he
problem of streambank erosion requires an understanding of both stream dynamics and
the management of streamside vegetation.
• Warning Time: 1 – More than 24 hours
• Duration: 3 – Less than 1 week
LOCATION
Erosion can occur along any shoreline in the Collier County. Erosion is likely to be more
frequent and severe along the Atlantic coast, but erosion of estuarine and streambank
shorelines can also occur. In Collier County, erosion is typically caused by coastal tides,
ocean currents, storm events, and failure of water control structures. Erosion rates are
dependent on many characteristics, including soil type. Coastal soils are composed of
fine-grained particles such as sand while inland soils tend to have greater organic matter
content. This makes coastal areas more susceptible to erosion. More developed coastal
areas, such as Marco Island, the City of Naples, Everglades City, and Port of the Isles
are more susceptible to coastal erosion. However Collier County and it’s jurisdictions are
exposed to erosion because of the expanse of water control structures throughout.
• Spatial Extent: 2 – Small
EXTENT
The magnitude of erosion can be measured as a rate of change from a measured
previous condition. Erosion rates can vary significantly across the region due to several
factors including fetch, shoreline orientation, and soil composition. To account for these
variations, long-term erosion can also be measured by land cover changes and increases
in open water. While a small fraction of the shoreline may exhibit accretion over a short
period of time, cumulative impacts can still indicate an overall loss of estuarine coastline
and marsh habitat. Table 2.60 provides data from the NOAA Coastal Change Analysis
Program (C-CAP) Land Cover Atlas showing land cover changes in the Region from 1996
to 2016.
Table 2.60 – Land Cover Changes, 1996-2016
Land Cover Type Collier Net Change
Developed, High Intensity 15.07 sq. mi
Developed, Low Intensity 16.31 sq. mi
Developed, Open Space 11.49 sq. mi
Grassland/Herbaceous 1.63 sq. mi
Agriculture -15.78 sq. mi
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Forested -0.15 sq. mi
Scrub/Shrub -4.99 sq. mi
Woody Wetland -21.70 sq. mi
Emergent Wetland -0.63 sq. mi
Bare Land 0.93 sq. mi
Open Water -2.19 sq. mi
Source: https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/ccapregional.html
The C-CAP data indicates that there was a slight decrease in open water and a larger net
decrease in wetlands. Wetland loss can make coastlines even more vulnerable to erosion
because wetlands help dampen the energy of ocean currents which would otherwise
damage a shoreline. Additionally, Collier County saw a large increase in development.
Greater development typically results in more impervious surface coverage. Greater
impervious area – parking lots, sidewalks, roads, buildings, etc. – can increase
stormwater runoff, alter drainage patterns, and further exacerbate erosion and flood
issues.
In terms of the magnitude of impacts, erosion may cause property damage when severe
but is unlikely to cause injury or death.
• Impact: 2 – Limited
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
million. Figure 2.30 identifies areas of coastline that are experiencing beach erosion and
indicates the severity of the erosion, as determined by the Florida Department of
Environmental Protection’s staff of coastal engineers. This data is based on the state’s
2024 Critical Erosion Report, which is used to document areas of change and to help the
beach management staff with prioritizing projects and resources to the areas of greatest
need. Per this data, there are multiple areas of critical beach erosion, including the
coastline north and south of Wiggins Pass, along Vanderbilt Beach Estates, along Naples
north and south of Doctor’s Pass, along Marco Island and the inlet at Big Marco Pass,
and the coastlines of Kice Island and Morgan Island.
Erosion is typically an ongoing process; however, it can be intensified during storm
events, particularly hurricane storm tides. Per an examination of event narratives in NCEI
records for hurricanes, tropical storms, storm surges, and coastal floods, the f ollowing
instances of major erosion are noted in Collier County:
September 13, 2001 (Tropical Storm) – Tropical Storm Gabrielle crossed the west
Florida coast near Venice on September 14th. Storm surge values of 3 to 5 feet were
observed along much of the Collier County coast, causing some coastal flooding and
minor to moderate beach erosion.
October 24, 2005 (Storm Surge) – Hurricane Wilma produced a maximum measured
storm tide of 8 feet at the USGS tide gauge at the Turner River near Chokoloskee in
southern Collier County, equating to a storm surge of 7 feet after subtracting a one -foot
astronomical tide. A storm tide estimated at 7 feet Marco Island was estimated to cause
significant beach erosion by Collier County Emergency Management.
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September 19, 2008 (Tropical Storm) – Due to Tropical Storm Fay remaining at tropical
storm strength and the rather limited nature of its wind field, storm surge and coastal
flooding impacts were rather minor. The highest storm tide was estimated to be in the
Everglades City/Chokoloskee areas, where the maximum storm tide was in the 5 foot
range according to tide gauge data and estimates from local officials. Minimal storm surge
was noted elsewhere, although moderate to locally severe beach erosion occurred in
Naples.
August 26-27, 2012 (Tropical Storm) – The center of Tropical Storm Isaac moved over
the Florida Straits south of the Florida Keys on Sunday, August 26th, passing just south
of Key West. Severe beach erosion and coastal flooding occurred on Monday, August
27th as the center of Tropical Storm Isaac moved into the Gulf of Mexico. Maximum storm
tide values were observed at 4.9 feet at Naples, with estimates of 5 to 7 feet along the
southern Collier County coast from Goodland to Everglades City. Highest estimated
inundation values of up to 3 feet above ground level were noted in Goodland and
Everglades City. Major beach erosion was also observed along the Collier County
beaches. Severe beach erosion in the Naples and Marco Island areas led to damage
estimated at $5.6 million. Figure 2.30 – Erosion Hotspots, Collier County
September 10, 2017 (Tropical Storm) - Hurricane Irma made landfall on September 10,
2017, near Marco Island in Collier County, causing substantial beach erosion. The Florida
Department of Environmental Protection reported that the greatest coastal damage
occurred along the northeast and central Atlantic coast, the Florida Keys, and Collier
County in southwest Florida. In response, Collier County initiated a beach renourishment
project estimated at $29 million to repair the damage, including constructing surge
barriers such as sand dunes.
September 2022 (Tropical Storm) - Hurricane Ian, which struck in September 2022,
further exacerbated coastal erosion in Collier County. The U.S. Geological Survey
assessed potential coastal change impacts during the hurricane, highlighting the
vulnerability of the region's beaches.
Following Ian, the Vanderbilt Beach Hurricane Restoration Project was launched,
encompassing repairs to the beach access drive, boardwalks, bathroom building, parking
garage, and other elements damaged by the storm.
2023: In 2023, Hurricanes Helene and Milton caused additional erosion along Collier
County's beaches. Park Shore Beach, in particular, underwent a multi-million dollar
renourishment project to restore sand lost due to natural erosion and these hurricanes.
Cleanup efforts were also reported in Naples, with crews working to clear debris and sand
from streets and beach accesses across the county. These cumulative impacts have led
to ongoing restoration projects aimed at mitigating erosion and preserving the co unty's
beaches. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is studying storm risk management in Collier
County, a process that began after Hurricane Irma but gained renewed attention following
Hurricane Ian.
In summary, Collier County has faced significant coastal erosion due to Hurricanes Irma,
Ian, Helene, and Milton. The county continues to implement and plan restoration projects
to address the damage and enhance resilience against future storms.
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Non-Storm Related Erosion: Erosion around water control structures, such as weirs and
levees, is a concern in Collier County's stormwater management system. The county
maintains an extensive network of stormwater infrastructure, including 81 weir structures
and 6 pump stations, to manage water flow and mitigate flooding.
Regular maintenance is essential to prevent erosion and ensure the functionality of these
structures. The county's Stormwater Maintenance Section is responsible for activities
such as debris removal, vegetation control, and structural repairs. Specific mea sures
include regrading and revegetating side slopes, embankments, and spillways to address
erosion issues.
While routine maintenance addresses potential erosion, there have been instances where
erosion around water control structures required attention. For example, the county has
implemented erosion control measures, such as the use of riprap or other forms of erosion
protection, in areas with concentrated water flow to prevent structural damage. The
county does not maintain specific records on the number of stormwater structure repairs
attributed to erosion, as these repairs are considered part of ongoing main tenance
activities.
In summary, Collier County proactively manages and maintains its stormwater
infrastructure to prevent and address erosion around water control structures, ensuring
the system's effectiveness in flood control and water management.
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Source: Florida Department of Environmental Protection
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Erosion and accretion are natural processes that are likely to continue to occur. The
likelihood of significant instances of erosion will likely be tied to the occurrence of
hurricane, tropical storm, and nor’easter events. According to NCEI, 6 events caused
reported erosion in the region over the 24-year span between 2000-2023. This equates
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to a 25 percent chance of significant erosion occurring every year. Additionally, drawing
from the likelihood of hurricanes, tropical storms, and Nor’easters, erosion is likely to
occur.
• Probability: 3 – Likely
CLIMATE CHANGE
As discussed under Climate Change in Section 0, climate change is expected to make
heavy rain events and tropical storms and hurricanes more frequent and intense. As a
result, the erosion typically caused by these storms can be expected to occur more
frequently. Coastal erosion is also expected to increase as a result of rising seas. A 2018
study found that globally, between 1984 and 2015 erosion outweighed accretion.
However, the study could not conclude the degree to which erosion during this period is
attributed to climate changes or increased coastal development. Nonetheless, increases
in erosion have been observed and are expected to continue.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
Erosion is unlikely to have any direct impact on the health or safety of individuals.
However, it can pose a financial risk. Households and businesses along the shore may
have to relocate or make expensive structural changes on their property. Relocating is
difficult for anyone, but it can be especially challenging for lower-income individuals.
• Population Patterns:
o Population growth in beachfront and low-elevation neighborhoods along the
Collier Gulf Coast.
o Seasonal residents in vulnerable properties increasing exposure during
peak hurricane seasons.
o Wealthier enclaves at risk of property value declines due to erosion and
flooding.
o Underserved Populations: Low-income renters in coastal areas may face
displacement as property owners convert damaged properties to higher -
cost, resilient housing.
PROPERTY
Erosion can cause buildings to become closer to the water’s edge, increasing the
likelihood of water inundating a structure. This can lead to damage or destruction of a
foundation. In addition to structural repairs, property owners may be subject to higher
insurance premiums to account for increased risk. Data is not available on specific
property or critical facility risk to erosion.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Construction of beachfront properties and commercial developments near
dune systems or on one of the many canals in Collier County.
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o Hardening of shorelines (e.g., seawalls) limiting natural buffer zones and
accelerating erosion.
o Rising demand for new housing in elevated inland areas due to perceived
risks of sea level rise.
o Insufficient adoption of nature-based solutions, such as living shorelines, to
address coastal erosion.
ENVIRONMENT
Erosion can change the shape and characteristics of coastal shorelines and riverine
floodplains. Eroded material may clog waterways and decrease drainage capacity.
Erosion can also negatively impact water quality by increasing sediment loads in
waterways.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.61 summarizes the potential negative consequences of erosion.
Table 2.61 – Consequence Analysis – Erosion
Category Consequences
Public Erosion is unlikely to impact public health and safety.
Responders Erosion is unlikely to require immediate response or rescue operations.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued Delivery
of Services)
Erosion is unlikely to impact public continuity of operations.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Erosion can result in property damage if it is severe enough or if scour occurs that
undermines the integrity of structural foundations.
Environment Erosion can increase sediment loads in waterbodies and change riverine and
coastal topography.
Economic Condition of the
Jurisdiction
Beach re-nourishment projects to counter erosion are extremely costly. Water
dependent industries may suffer from lost shoreline and degraded water quality.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
Erosion is unlikely to impact public confidence.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes erosion hazard risk by jurisdiction. Exposure to erosion
varies across jurisdictions, therefore probability and spatial extent are dependent upon
the area at risk. Jurisdictions with shoreline at risk were assigned a probability of 3 (likely),
an impact of 2 (limited), and a spatial extent of 2 (small). Jurisdictions with little to no
shoreline at risk were assigned a probability score of 1 (unlikely), an impact of 1 (minor),
and a spatial extent of 1 (negligible). Warning time and duration are inherent to the hazard
and remain constant across jurisdictions.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 3 2 2 1 3 2.3 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
1 1 1 1 3 1.2 L
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Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Marco Island 3 2 2 1 3 2.3 M
Naples 3 2 2 1 3 2.3 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 3 2 2 1 3 2.3 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.5 DROUGHT
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
Drought is a prolonged period of below-average precipitation. It is a natural and recurring
aspect of climate that can occur across nearly all climate zones. The length of a drought
can vary significantly. Some droughts develop rapidly and last only briefly, often worsen
by extreme heat and wind, and there are other cases when drought spans multiple years
or even decades. Studying the paleoclimate record is often helpful in identifying when
long-lasting droughts have occurred. Common types of droughts are detailed below in
Table 2.62.
Table 2.62 – Types of Droughts
Type Details
Meteorological Drought Meteorological Drought is based on the degree of dryness (rainfall deficit) and the
length of the dry period.
Agricultural Drought
Agricultural Drought is based on the impacts to agriculture by factors such as rainfall
deficits, soil water deficits, reduced ground water, or reservoir levels needed for
irrigation.
Hydrological Drought Hydrological Drought is based on the impact of rainfall deficits on the water supply
such as stream flow, reservoir and lake levels, and ground water table decline.
Socioeconomic Drought
Socioeconomic drought is based on the impact of drought conditions
(meteorological, agricultural, or hydrological drought) on supply and demand of
some economic goods. Socioeconomic drought occurs when the demand for an
economic good exceeds supply as a result of a weather-related deficit in water
supply.
As these stages evolve over time, the impacts to the economy, society, and environment
can converge into an emergency. The wide variety of disciplines affected by drought, its
diverse geographical and temporal distribution, and the many scales drought operates on
make it difficult to develop both a definition to describe drought and an index to measure
it. Many quantitative measures of drought have been developed in the United States,
depending on the discipline affected, the region being considered, and th e application.
Several indices developed by Wayne Palmer, as well as the Standardized Precipitation
Index, are useful for describing the many scales of drought.
The U.S. Drought Monitor provides a summary of drought conditions across the United
States and Puerto Rico. Often described as a blend of art and science, the Drought
Monitor map is updated weekly by combining a variety of data -based drought indices and
indicators and local expert input into a single composite drought indicator. In 2007, the
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state of Florida adopted a Drought Action Plan outlining response strategy for different
levels of declared drought. The plan establishes guidelines for coordinating a unified
statewide response to drought conditions.
The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) devised in 1965, was the first drought indicator
to assess moisture status comprehensively. It uses temperature and precipitation data to
calculate water supply and demand, incorporates soil moisture, and is conside red most
effective for unirrigated cropland. It primarily reflects long -term drought and has been
used extensively to initiate drought relief. It is more complex than the Standardized
Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Drought Monitor.
The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a way of measuring drought that is different
from the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Like the PDSI, this index is negative for
drought, and positive for wet conditions. But the SPI is a probability index that considers
only precipitation, while Palmer's indices are water balance indices that consider water
supply (precipitation), demand (evapotranspiration) and loss (runoff).
• Warning Time: 1 – More than 24 hours
• Duration: 4 – More than one week
LOCATION
Since droughts are often regional events that impact multiple counties and states
simultaneously, it is reasonable to assume that a drought will impact the entire planning
area to some extent. Collier County and its jurisdictions are exposed to drought.
• Spatial Extent: 4 – Large
Figure 2.31 below notes the U.S. Drought Monitor’s drought ratings for Florida as of
August 13, 2024; as of that date, Collier County was experiencing no drought.
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Figure 2.31 – US Drought Monitor for Week of August 13, 2024
Source: U.S. Drought Monitor
EXTENT
Drought severity is commonly measured using the U.S. Drought Monitor scale, which
classifies intensity based on various indicators. These include the Plamer Drought
Severity Index, the Standardized Precipitation Index, the Keetch-Byram Drought Index,
soil moisture levels, and reports on the drought’s impact on communities. Figure 2.32
outlines the classifications used by the U.S. Drought Monitor. When a drought reaches a
category of D2 (severe) or higher, it often leads to pasture or crop losses, water
shortages, and the implementation of water restrictions.
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Figure 2.32 – US Drought Monitor Classifications
Source: US Drought Monitor
Droughts can impact different regions of Florida differently. Drought in Florida tend to
affect areas where water resources and ecosystems are highly sensitive to dry
conditions. Collier County relies on groundwater and surface water sources for drinking
water, irrigation, and industry. This makes the planning area particularly vulnerable
during periods of prolonged drought.
• Impact: 1 – Minor
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
The worst drought in Florida’s recorded history was from 1954-1956. Lots of crops and
timber were lost. The Northern Counties got the worst part of the drought but most of the
State was in drought for all of 1956. Another major drought occurred in 1981 -1982 when
rain was scarce, and Lake Okeechobee reached the lowest water level ever recorded. All
the State was in moderate or severe drought, but many regions were out of drought by
the end of 1981.
Florida had a severe drought from 1998 to 2001. During this, crops were destroyed, lake
levels were at an all-time low, and wildfires raged. This drought caused the water
management districts to restrict water use, municipalities to hike water rates, and many
restaurants were ordered to stop serving water except for to customers who asked.
Several wildfires also occurred in 2007 because of a drought from 2006 to 2007. This
period saw the largest rainfall deficit since the 1950s and was considered a one in 25-
year drought event.
From 2010 to 2012, the State saw a drought that affected most counties, but the northern
central and Panhandle regions were classified as in “extreme drought” for an extended
period. Again in 2016, drought conditions developed and lasted into 2017 causing many
wildfires.
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There has never been a Presidential Major Disaster Declaration for drought in Florida.
However, the USDA has declared agricultural disasters because of drought. Disaster
designations help producers get loans and emergency assistance in these situations.
U.S. Drought Monitor records drought intensity weekly throughout the country. Table 2.63
presents the number of weeks that Collier County spent in drought by intensity over the
period from 2000 through 2024, for which the Drought Monitor has records for 1,289
weeks.
Table 2.63 – Weeks in Drought, 2000-2024
Weeks in Drought % of time in Severe
Drought or Worse County Total D0 D1 D2 D3 D4
Collier 995 572 371 199 60 14 15.4%
Source: U.S. Drought Monitor History
Figure 2.33 shows the historical periods where the State was considered in some level of
drought condition. The color key shown in Figure 2.32 indicates the intensity of the
drought.
Figure 2.33 – US Drought Monitor Historical Trends, Collier County
Source: U.S. Drought Monitor
The National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC), located at the University of Nebraska in
Lincoln, provides a clearinghouse for information on the effects of drought, based on
reports from media, observers, impact records, and other sources. According to the
National Drought Mitigation Center’s Drought Impact Reporter, during the 1 3-year period
from 2010 through 2023, 44 drought impacts were noted for Collier County. Table 2.64
summarizes the number of impacts reported by category and the years impacts were
reported for each category. Note that the Drought Impact Reporter assigns multiple
categories to each impact.
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Table 2.64 – Drought Impacts Reported for Collier County, January 2010 through 2023
Category Impacts Years Reported
Agriculture 4 2010, 2011, 2015, 2017, 2020
Business & Industry 2 2010, 2011
Fire 21 2010, 2011, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021
Plants & Wildlife 9 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2023
Relief, Response & Restrictions 28 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019,
2020, 2021, 2023
Society & Public Health 3 2011, 2012, 2018
Tourism & Recreation 1 2012
Water Supply & Quality 15 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2020, 2023
Source: Drought Impact Reporter, http://droughtreporter.unl.edu
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Over the 24-year period from 2000 to 2024, for which the U.S. Drought Monitor reported
on 1,289 weeks, Collier County had 995 weeks of drought conditions ranging from
abnormally dry to exceptional drought. Of this time, approximately 199 weeks were
categorized as a severe (D2) drought or greater; which equates to over a 15 percent
chance of severe drought in any given week.
Central and southern Florida is likely to experience 0 to 13 weeks of drought each year.
This hazard was determined to occur about every 5 to 10 years.
• Probability: 3 – Likely
CLIMATE CHANGE
According to the Fourth National Climate Assessment, the United States is experiencing
a rise in both average and extreme temperatures, with a notable decrease in average
annual precipitation in the Southeast. The frequency of heavy precipitation events is
increasing, which is likely to lead to a higher number of consecutive dry days. As
temperatures are expected to keep rising, evaporation rates will also increase, leading to
reduced surface soil moisture. Combined, these trends indicate that drought conditions
in the Southeast are expected to become more intense and last longer.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
Drought affects people in numerous ways, from immediate impacts on water supply and
agriculture to broader economic, environmental and health consequences. Drought leads
to lower water levels which can reduce availability of safe drinking water. When water is
scarce, the cost of water often rises due to higher demand and the need for more
expensive water management solutions. This can place a financial burden on
households. Prolonged exposure to extreme heat and reduced water availability can lead
to health issues such as dehydration, heat stress, and heatstroke. Vulnerable populations
such as elderly or those with pre-existing health conditions are particularly at risk.
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• Population Patterns:
o Increased year-round population placing higher demand on limited water
resources.
o Vulnerable groups, such as agricultural workers and seniors, are more
exposed to extreme heat.
o Seasonal population peaks contributing to higher water usage during dry
periods.
o Underserved Populations: Outdoor laborers, such as farmworkers, may
have limited access to cooling centers and adequate hydration. Low-income
households may struggle with increased utility costs during extreme heat
events.
PROPERTY
Drought is generally unlikely to cause significant damage to the built environment,
including private properties and critical facilities. However, in regions characterized by
shrinking and expansive soils, drought conditions can potentially lead to structural
damage. The reduce in soil moisture can cause soil shrinkage, which may lead to shifting
foundations and cracks in buildings and infrastructure. In contrast, the agricultural sector
is vulnerable to the impacts of drought. Severe property loss can occur due to substantial
crop failures and livestock losses. Drought conditions can significantly diminish soil
moisture, impair crop growth, and reduce yields. The USDA’s Risk Management Agency
(RMA) maintains a database of all paid crop insurance claims; however, no claims were
made in Collier County between 2007-2021 as a result of drought.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Expansion of golf courses, artificial lakes, and water-intensive landscaping.
o Increased residential and commercial developments with high water usage.
o Limited adoption of drought-tolerant landscaping and water-saving
infrastructure in new developments.
o Development of new infrastructure projects, such as reservoirs or water
conservation systems, to address increased demand.
ENVIRONMENT
Drought can affect local wildlife by shrinking food supplies and damaging habitats.
Sometimes this damage is only temporary, and other times it is irreversible. Wildlife may
face increased disease rates due to limited access to food and water. Increased st ress
on endangered species could cause extinction.
Another concern during a drought is that contaminants such as pesticides and fertilizers
may concentrate in the soil as precipitation wanes and then enter waterways during heavy
rains and flooding. Given the cultural and economic importance of water access in Collier
County, any increase in contaminant load of the river could adversely affect the planning
area.
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Drought conditions can also provide a substantial increase in wildfire risk. As plants and
trees die from a lack of precipitation, increased insect infestations, and diseases —all of
which are associated with drought—they become fuel for wildfire. Long periods of drought
can result in more intense wildfires, which bring additional consequences for the
economy, the environment, and society. Drought may also increase likelihood of wind
and water erosion of soils.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.65 summarizes the potential negative consequences of drought.
Table 2.65 – Consequence Analysis - Drought
Category Consequences
Public Drought can cause impacts on people due to lower water levels, reducing the
availability of water, which then makes the cost of water rise due to higher
demand.
Responders Impacts to responders are unlikely. Exceptional drought conditions may impact
the amount of water immediately available to respond to wildfires.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued Delivery
of Services)
Drought would have minimal impacts on continuity of operations due to the
relatively long warning time that would allow for plans to be made to maintain
continuity of operations.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Drought has the potential to affect water supply for residential, commercial,
institutional, industrial, and government-owned areas. Drought can reduce water
supply in wells and reservoirs. Utilities may be forced to increase rates.
Environment Environmental impacts include strain on local plant and wildlife; increased
probability of erosion and wildfire.
Economic Condition of the
Jurisdiction
Farmers may face crop losses or increased livestock costs. Businesses that
depend on farming may experience secondary impacts. Extreme drought has the
potential to impact local businesses in landscaping, recreation and tourism, and
public utilities.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
When drought conditions persist with no relief, local or State governments must
often institute water restrictions, which may impact public confidence.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes drought hazard risk by jurisdiction. Drought risk is uniform
across the planning area. Warning time, duration, and spatial extent are inherent to the
hazard and remain constant across jurisdictions. Most damages that result from drought
are to crops and other agriculture-related activities as well as water-dependent industries;
therefore, the magnitude of the impacts is typically greater in unincorporated areas. In
more heavily developed areas, the magnitude of drought is less severe, with lawns and
local gardens affected and potential impacts on local water supplies during severe,
prolonged drought.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 3 1 4 1 4 2.5 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
3 1 4 1 4 2.5 M
Marco Island 3 1 4 1 4 2.5 M
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Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Naples 3 1 4 1 4 2.5 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 3 1 4 1 4 2.5 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.6 EXTREME HEAT
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
Per information provided by FEMA, in most of the United States extreme heat is defined
as a long period (2 to 3 days) of high heat and humidity with temperatures above 90
degrees. In extreme heat, evaporation is slowed, and the body must work extra hard to
maintain a normal temperature, which can lead to death by overwork of the body. Extreme
heat often results in the highest annual number of deaths among all weather -related
disasters. Per Ready.gov:
• Extreme heat can occur quickly and without warning
• Older adults, children, and sick or overweight individuals are at greater risk from
extreme heat
• Humidity increases the feeling of heat as measured by heat index
Ambient air temperature is one component of heat conditions, with relative humidity being
the other. The relationship of these factors creates what is known as the apparent
temperature. The Heat Index Chart in Figure 2.34 uses both factors to produce a guide
for the apparent temperature or relative intensity of heat conditions.
Figure 2.34 – Heat Index Chart
Source: National Weather Service (NWS) https://www.weather.gov/safety/heat-index
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Note: Exposure to direct sun can increase Heat Index values by as much as 15°F. The shaded zone
above 105°F corresponds to a heat index that may cause increasingly severe heat disorders with
continued exposure and/or physical activity.
During these conditions, the human body has difficulties cooling through the normal
method of the evaporation of perspiration. Health risks rise when a person is overexposed
to heat. The most dangerous place to be during an extreme heat incident is in a
permanent home, with little or no air conditioning. Those at greatest risk for heat -related
illness include people 65 years of age and older, young children, people with chronic
health problems such as heart disease, people who are obese, people who are soc ially
isolated, and people who are on certain medications, such as tranquilizers,
antidepressants, sleeping pills, or drugs for Parkinson’s disease. However, even young
and healthy individuals are susceptible if they participate in strenuous physical activ ities
during hot weather or are not acclimated to hot weather. Table 2.66 lists typical symptoms
and health impacts of heat exposure.
Table 2.66 – Typical Health Impacts of Extreme Heat
Heat Index (HI) Disorder
80-90° F (HI) Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity
90-105° F (HI) Sunstroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion possible with prolonged exposure and/or
physical activity
105-130° F (HI) Heatstroke/sunstroke highly likely with continued exposure
Source: National Weather Service Heat Index Program,
www.weather.gov/os/heat/index.shtml
The NWS has a system in place to initiate alert procedures (advisories or warnings) when
the Heat Index is expected to have a significant impact on public safety. The expected
severity of the heat determines whether advisories or warnings are issued. Criteria for
heat advisories and warnings are discussed below under Extent.
Impacts of extreme heat are not only focused on human health, as prolonged heat
exposure can have devastating impacts on infrastructure as well. Prolonged high heat
exposure increases the risk of pavement deterioration, as well as railroad warping or
buckling. High heat also puts a strain on energy systems and consumption, as air
conditioners are run at a higher rate and for longer; extreme heat can also reduce
transmission capacity over electric systems.
• Warning Time: 1 – More than 24 hours
• Duration: 3 – Less than one week
LOCATION
Collier County and its jurisdictions are susceptible to high temperatures and incidents of
extreme heat.
• Spatial Extent: 4 – Large
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EXTENT
The extent of extreme heat can be defined by the maximum apparent temperature
reached. Apparent temperature is a function of ambient air temperature and relative
humidity and is reported as the heat index. The NWS Southern Region sets the following
criteria for heat advisory and excessive heat warning:
• Heat Advisory – Heat Index of 108°F or higher or temperature of 103°F or higher
• Excessive Heat Warning – Heat Index of 113°F or higher for any duration or
temperature of 103°F or higher
Table 2.67 notes the highest temperature on record at nine weather stations in Collier
County according to the NWS, which maintains temperature records for the highest
maximum temperature each month.
Table 2.67 – Highest Temperature by Location
Temperature Location Date
99°F Chokoloskee August 2007
100°F Everglades May 1991
102°F Immokalee June 1998
98°F Marco Island July 2011
104°F Miles City June 1987
99°F Naples September 1986
98°F Naples Municipal Airport June 2023
103°F Oasis Ranger Station June 1981
97°F Sunniland May 1953
Source: NOAA, National Weather Service, Northeast Regional Climate Center CLIMOD
2
• Impact: 2 – Limited
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
Table 2.68 provides maximum monthly temperature for 2002-2024, the only years for
which data was available, at the Naples Municipal Airport weather station (KAPF). This
location is used as an indicator for Collier County overall. Data was summarized with the
Northeast Regional Climate Center’s Climate Information for Management and
Operational Decisions (CLIMOD 2) tool which uses data from NCEI. The highest recorded
temperature is 98°F and occurred in both June 2019 and August 2023. The data also
indicates that it is typical to have maximum temperature days over 90°F for the majority
of the year (April-October).
Table 2.68 – Historical Monthly Maximum Temperature, Naples Municipal Airport (KAPF),
2002-2024
Year Maximum Temperature by Month
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2002 78 84 88 91 94 93 94 95 93 93 88 84
2003 82 85 88 89 93 94 94 94 93 90 89 83
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Year Maximum Temperature by Month
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2004 85 84 85 88 93 97 96 92 93 91 88 83
2005 84 81 87 88 92 92 94 96 95 92 87 83
2006 85 82 86 88 93 94 94 94 93 92 87 85
2007 84 85 89 94 93 96 96 98 95 95 88 85
2008 83 86 91 89 94 96 92 93 93 91 88 84
2009 83 83 87 91 92 93 95 95 93 93 89 87
2010 82 81 82 88 93 97 95 95 94 90 88 80
2011 83 84 89 93 96 97 97 95 93 89 86 83
2012 86 86 87 87 92 94 93 95 94 91 83 84
2013 85 84 84 92 92 92 94 95 93 90 89 86
2014 85 87 85 91 94 95 92 95 93 93 85 84
2015 84 86 90 90 94 93 95 96 95 91 92 89
2016 86 84 87 91 93 93 95 95 93 92 89 88
2017 82 88 87 95 95 94 94 95 93 93 86 84
2018 87 89 88 90 94 96 96 94 94 92 89 87
2019 89 90 86 92 94 98 96 96 97 96 91 88
2020 83 90 91 94 94 96 95 96 96 93 90 83
2021 84 88 89 90 94 93 93 95 95 91 85 87
2022 86 88 89 91 95 96 94 96 94 - 91 85
2023 84 87 90 93 94 94 97 98 94 92 89 84
2024 78 83 86 89 97 95 96 96 - - - -
Max 89 90 91 95 97 98 97 98 97 96 92 89
Avg 84 85 87 91 94 95 95 95 94 92 88 85
Source: Northeast Regional Climate Center CLIMOD 2
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Data was gathered from the Northeast Regional Climate Center’s CLIMOD 2 Tool using
the Naples Municipal Airport weather station as an approximation for Collier County.
Based on 22 years of available data, the Region regularly experiences maximum
temperatures year-round that can impact public health and safety.
• Probability: 4 – Highly Likely
CLIMATE CHANGE
Research shows that average temperatures will continue to rise in the Southeast United
States and globally, directly affecting Collier County. Per the Fourth National Climate
Assessment, “extreme temperatures are projected to increase even more than average
temperatures. Cold waves are projected to become less intense and heat waves more
intense.” The number of days over 95°F is expected to increase by between 20 and 30
days annually, as shown in Figure 2.35.
Daily minimum temperatures (overnight lows) have increased at a faster rate than
maximum temperatures (afternoon highs). The number of days with high minimum
temperatures (nighttime temperatures that stay above 75ºF) has been increasing across
the Southeast, and this trend is projected to intensify, with some areas experiencing more
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than 100 additional warm nights per year by the end of the century. Exposure to high
nighttime minimum temperatures reduces the ability of some people to recover from high
daytime temperatures, resulting in heat-related illness and death.
Figure 2.35 – Projected Change in Number of Days Over 95°F
Source: NOAA NCDC from 2014 National Climate Assessment
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
METHODOLOGIES AND ASSUMPTIONS
No data is available to assess the vulnerability of people or property in the planning area
to extreme heat.
PEOPLE
Extreme heat can cause heat stroke and even loss of human life. The elderly and the very
young are most at risk to the effects of heat. People who are isolated are also more
vulnerable to extreme heat. The 2022 American Community Survey 5-year estimates
report 15,873 County residents under 5 years old and 124,784 residents 65 or older.
Together that is 37% of residents that are especially vulnerable to impacts from extreme
heat.
• Population Patterns:
o Increased year-round population placing higher demand on limited water
resources throughout Collier County.
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o Vulnerable groups, such as agricultural workers, children and seniors, are
more exposed to extreme heat.
o Seasonal population peaks contributing to higher water usage during winter
dry periods.
o Underserved Populations: Outdoor laborers, such as farmworkers, may
have limited access to cooling centers and adequate hydration. Low-income
households may struggle with increased utility costs during extreme heat
events.
PROPERTY
Extreme heat is unlikely to cause significant damages to the built environment. However,
road surfaces can be damaged as asphalt softens, and concrete sections may buckle
under expansion caused by heat. Train rails may also distort or buckle under the str ess
of head induced expansion. Power transmission lines may sag from expansion and if
contact is made with vegetation the line may short out causing power outages. Additional
power demand for cooling also increases power line temperature adding to heat imp acts.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Expansion of golf courses, artificial lakes, and water-intensive landscaping.
o Increased residential and commercial developments with high water usage.
o Limited adoption of drought-tolerant landscaping and water-saving
infrastructure in new developments.
o Development of new infrastructure projects, such as reservoirs or water
conservation systems, to address increased demand
Extreme heat can also cause significant agricultural losses. Between 2007-2024, the
USDA Risk Management Agency reports one crop insurance claim due to heat in Collier
County in the amount of $39,330. This equates to an average annual loss of $3,278.
ENVIRONMENT
Wild animals are vulnerable to heat disorders like humans, including mortality. Vegetation
growth will be stunted, or plants may be killed if temperatures rise above their tolerance
extremes.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.69 summarizes the potential negative consequences of extreme heat.
Table 2.69 – Consequence Analysis – Extreme Heat
Category Consequences
Public Extreme heat may cause illness and/or death.
Responders Consequences may be greater for responders if their work requires exertion and/or
wearing heavy protective gear.
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Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
Continuity of operations is not expected to be impacted by extreme heat because
warning time for these events is long.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Minor impacts may occur, including possible damages to road surfaces and power
lines.
Environment Environmental impacts include strain on local plant and wildlife, including potential
for illness or death.
Economic Condition of the
Jurisdiction Farmers may face crop losses or increased livestock costs.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance Extreme heat is unlikely to impact public confidence.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes extreme heat hazard risk by jurisdiction. Extreme heat
risk does not vary significantly by jurisdiction.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 4 2 4 1 3 3.0 H
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
4 2 4 1 3 3.0 H
Marco Island 4 2 4 1 3 3.0 H
Naples 4 2 4 1 3 3.0 H
Unincorporated
Collier County* 4 2 4 1 3 3.0 H
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.7 SEA LEVEL RISE AND OTHER CLIMATE CHANGE CHARACTERISTICS
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
Sea level rise is the increase in sea levels because of atmospheric and oceanic warming
which causes water expansion as well as ice melt from ice sheets and glaciers. Sea level
rise is a result of global climate change. Climate change is a natural occurrence in which
the earth has warmed and cooled periodically over geologic time. However, the recent
and rapid warming of the earth over the past century has been cause for concern, as this
warming is very likely due to the accumulation of human-caused greenhouse gases, such
as CO2, in the atmosphere (IPCC, 2007). This warming is occurring almost everywhere
in the world which suggests a global cause rather than changes in localized weather
patterns. In 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported with
high confidence that warming due to such emissions will cause long-term changes in the
climate system such as sea level rise and its associated impacts.
There are generally two separate mechanics involved in global sea level rise. The first is
directly attributed to global temperature increases, which warm the oceans waters and
cause them to expand. The second is attributed to the melting of ice over land , which
simply adds water to the oceans. Global sea level rise is likely caused by a combination
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of these two mechanics and can be exasperated on the local level by factors such as
erosion and subsidence. The rate of sea level rise has varied throughout geologic history,
and studies have shown that global temperature and sea level are strongly correla ted.
Due to sea-level rise projected throughout the 21st century and beyond, coastal systems
and low-lying areas will increasingly experience adverse impacts such as submergence,
coastal flooding, and coastal erosion. The population and assets projected to be exposed
to coastal risks as well as human pressures on coastal ecosystems will increase
significantly in the coming decades due to population growth, economic development,
and urbanization (IPCC, 2014). Collier County is particularly vulnerable to the effects of
sea level rise due to its coastal location, subtropical environment, low topography and
tourism economy.
• Warning Time: 1 – More than 24 hours
• Duration: 4 – More than one week
LOCATION
Sea level rise can occur anywhere along the coast and along major waterways in Collier
County. The Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI), developed by United States Geological
Survey (USGS), provides a preliminary overview of the relative susceptibility of the United
States coast to sea level rise. The CVI is based on geomorphology, regional co astal
slope, tide range, wave height, relative sea level rise, and shoreline erosion and
acceleration rates. For each study area, each variable is scored on a 1-5 scale based on
defined parameters, where “1” indicates low contribution to coastal vulnerability and “5”
indicates high contribution to vulnerability. These scores are then aggregated into a single
index through a mathematical formula. The resulting index gives an overview of where
physical changes may occur due to sea-level rise.
Figure 2.36 shows the CVI for Collier County. The coastline between Naples and Marco
Island is the most vulnerable area in the region, rated high on the CVI. The remainder of
the coastline is rated as having moderate vulnerability. Collier County and it’s jurisdictions
are susceptible to sea level rise and other climate change characteristics.
• Spatial Extent: 3 – Moderate
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Figure 2.36 – Coastal Vulnerability Index, Collier County
Source: USGS Coastal Change Hazards Portal
EXTENT
Sea level rise is measured by the number of feet of relative rise and the areas that such
rise would inundate. The estimated impacts of 1-foot, 2-foot, and 3-foot, sea level rise are
shown in Figure 2.37. The sea level rise estimate maps show inundation above mean
higher high water (the average of each day’s higher high tide line). Sea level rise will likely
affect coastal marsh lands as well as land along rivers, canals, and their tributaries.
Additionally, sea level rise will likely increase future risk of flooding from the other flood
hazards discussed in this plan, as more land will have a lower elevation relative to sea
level. For example, with much of the barrier islands and wetlands inundated, inland areas
will lose their natural protection and may become susceptible to coastal flooding with
velocity wave action.
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Figure 2.37 - Estimated Impact of Sea Level Rise in Collier County
Source: NOAA
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Sea level rise is a slow onset hazard, and because the full extent of anticipated sea level
rise has not yet been realized, the effects of sea level rise have not yet been fully felt.
However, sea level rise has already begun to cause “clear sky” or “nuisa nce” flooding,
which is brought on by high tidewaters rather than storm or rain events. Tidal flooding
causes temporary inundation of low-lying areas during high-tide events. The 2022 NOAA
Sea Level Rise Technical Report finds that the national rate of high-tide flooding has more
than doubled since 2000 due to sea level rise. NOAA projects that by 2050 high tide
flooding events will occur 45 to 70 days a year, triple the current rate. While sea level rise
increases the frequency of these events, it also is expected to increase the depth and
extent of tidal flooding. Figure 2.38 shows areas in Collier County that are susceptible to
high tide flooding as defined by NOAA based on derived national flood thresholds from
NOAA Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 086: Patterns and Projections of High Tide
Flooding along the U.S. Coastline Using a Common Impact Threshold.
• Impact: 3 – Critical
Figure 2.38 – Areas Susceptible to High Tide Flooding, Collier County
Source: NOAA Coastal Flood Exposure Mapper
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
Historic trends in local MSL are best determined from tide gauge records. The Center for
Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) has been measuring sea
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level for over 150 years, with tide stations operating on all U.S. coasts. Changes in Mean
Sea Level (MSL), either a sea level rise or sea level fall, have been computed at 142 long-
term water level stations using a minimum span of 30 years of observations at each
location. These measurements have been averaged by month to remove the effect of
higher frequency phenomena (e.g. storm surge) in order to compute an accurate linear
sea level trend. Figure 2.39 illustrates regional trends in sea level from NOAA. At the
Naples, FL station (indicated by the yellow arrow in Collier County), the relative sea level
trend is 3.35 mm/year with a 95% confidence interval of +/- 0.42 mm/year based on
monthly mean sea level data from 1965 to 2023 which is equivalent to a change of 1.10
feet in 100 years. It should be noted that the Naples, FL station only contains data until
2023 and has been inactive since the beginning of 2024.
Figure 2.39 – Sea Level Trends, Collier County
Source: http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends.shtml
Figure 2.40 shows the monthly mean sea level at NOAA’s Naples, FL station without the
regular seasonal fluctuations due to coastal ocean temperatures, salinities, winds,
atmospheric pressures, and ocean currents. The long-term linear trend is also shown,
including its 95% confidence interval. The plotted values are relative to the most
recent Mean Sea Level datum established by CO-OPS.
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Figure 2.40 - Mean Sea Level Trends, Naples, FL
Source: NOAA Tides and Currents, September 2024
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)’s Sea Level Analysis Tool (SLAT) allows
users to visualize changes in observed sea level rise and compare observations to
projected sea level change. Figure 2.41 uses SLAT’s scenario projections for the Naples,
FL station. The model assumes a rate of 3.35 mm of sea level rise per year (or 1.1 ft/100
years) based on observed sea level rise at the Naples station between March 1965 and
December 2023. It incorporates an equation-based projection that uses July 1992 as its
projected point in time and factors in three potential scenarios – low, intermediate, and
high - that reflect future emission levels. Given that the USACE low scenario does not
consider further climate change, the USACE intermediate and high scenarios are more
likely. However, the likelihood of either scenario – intermediate or high – is dependent on
future emissions, and WSP selected the more conservative estimate of the intermediate
scenario for this analysis. To estimate the potential sea level rise by 2050, the monthly
MSL observed at the Naples station in July 1992 was compared to the July 2050 projected
MSL. Based on an intermediate emissions scenario, Collier County should plan for 1.02
feet of sea level rise from 1992 levels by 2050.
• Probability: 3 – Likely
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Figure 2.41 – Sea Level Rise Projections for Collier County (1992-2100)
Source: USACE, 2024
CLIMATE CHANGE
Sea level rise is a direct result of global climate change. Estimates for sea level rise are
based on projected greenhouse gas emission levels and their associated impacts on
global temperature change. Most sea level rise models do not fully account for ice melt,
and therefore actual sea level rise may be significantly higher than current estimates
suggest. As such, these projections contain substantial variability but are nonetheless
important to consider when planning for coastal areas because they indicate where
flooding can be expected should actual sea level rise meet estimated levels.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
METHODOLOGIES AND ASSUMPTIONS
Vulnerability to sea level rise was assessed based on past occurrences nationally and
internationally as well as data from NOAA, USGS, the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC), and other sources.
PEOPLE
Sea level rise will lead to increased flooding and the associated harms to humans, such
as illness, or injury or death from driving into flooded waters and drowning.
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Population at risk to 1-, 2-, and 3-feet of sea level rise was estimated based on the
exposure of residential property. Counts of residential buildings exposed to sea level rise
were multiplied by a household factor for each jurisdiction, based on the 2018 -2022
American Community Survey’s average household size. The resulting estimates of
population at risk are shown in Table 2.70. Overall, an estimated 7,272 people live in
areas that may be directly impacted by up to three feet or less of sea level rise. Note that
there is no property exposure to sea level rise in the Immokalee area; therefore, it is
excluded from this analysis.
• Population Patterns:
o Population growth in beachfront and low-elevation neighborhoods along the
Gulf Coast.
o Seasonal residents in vulnerable properties increasing exposure during
peak hurricane seasons.
o Wealthier enclaves at risk of property value declines due to erosion and
flooding.
o Underserved Populations: Low-income renters in coastal areas may face
displacement as property owners convert damaged properties to higher -
cost, resilient housing.
Table 2.70 – Collier County Population at Risk to Sea Level Rise
Jurisdiction Residential Parcels at Risk Household Factor Population at Risk
1 Foot Sea Level Rise
Everglades City 78 1.99 156
Marco Island 201 1.93 388
Naples 328 1.97 647
Unincorporated Collier County* 458 2.4 1,100
Total 1,065 -- 2,291
2 Foot Sea Level Rise
Everglades City 241 1.99 480
Marco Island 25 1.93 49
Naples 17 1.97 34
Unincorporated Collier County* 351 2.4 843
Total 634 -- 1,406
3 Foot Sea Level Rise
Everglades City 53 1.99 106
Marco Island 72 1.93 139
Naples 305 1.97 601
Unincorporated Collier County* 1,137 2.4 2,729
Total 1,567 -- 3,575
Source: NOAA; Collier County parcel data; GIS analysis
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water Management District.
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PROPERTY
The increased number of flood days and general encroachment of shoreline associated
with sea level rise will likely cause water damage to homes, businesses and vehicles.
Homes within the areas that may be inundated will potentially be uninhabitable.
Additionally, rising seas, and associated increased flood days, can overwhelm and
undermine the effectiveness of stormwater drainage system and other infrastructure,
such as roads and bridges.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Construction of beachfront properties and commercial developments near
dune systems.
o Hardening of shorelines (e.g., seawalls) limiting natural buffer zones and
accelerating erosion.
o Rising demand for new housing in elevated inland areas due to perceived
risks of sea level rise.
o Insufficient adoption of nature-based solutions, such as living shorelines, to
address coastal erosion.
To estimate the potential impact to properties in Collier County, WSP conducted an
analysis that intersected parcels in Collier County with NOAA sea level rise data. The
analysis included three potential sea level rise scenarios – 1, 2, and 3 ft above average
high tides. Results for the county and participating jurisdictions are shown in the tables
below. Due to its inland location, 1-3 ft of sea level rise does not impact the Seminole
Tribe Immokalee Reservation, and therefore, it is excluded from this analysis.
Table 2.71 - Impact of Sea Level Rise on Properties in Unincorporated Collier County
Occupancy Estimated
Parcel Count Structure Value Estimated Content
Value Total Value
1 Foot Sea Level Rise 588 $116,449,797 $63,592,099 $180,041,896
Agriculture 1 $16,967 $16,967 $33,934
Commercial 115 $9,132,607 $9,132,607 $18,265,215
Education 0 $0 $0 $0
Government 11 $1,303,098 $1,303,098 $2,606,196
Industrial 3 $140,864 $211,296 $352,160
Religious 0 $0 $0 $0
Residential 458 $105,856,260 $52,928,130 $158,784,391
2 Foot Sea Level Rise 378 $122,899,238 $65,173,913 $188,073,152
Agriculture 0 0 $0 $0
Commercial 27 $7,448,588.67 $7,448,589 $14,897,177
Education 0 0 $0 $0
Government 0 0 $0 $0
Industrial 0 0 $0 $0
Religious 0 0 $0 $0
Residential 351 $115,450,649 $57,725,325 $173,175,974
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Occupancy Estimated
Parcel Count Structure Value Estimated Content
Value Total Value
3 Foot Sea Level Rise 1,225 $289,557,276 $154,294,675 $443,851,951
Agriculture 1 $500 $500 $1,000
Commercial 71 $17,725,621 $17,725,621 $35,451,241
Education 0 $0 $0 $0
Government 16 $1,305,953 $1,305,953 $2,611,906
Industrial 0 $0 $0 $0
Religious 0 $0 $0 $0
Residential 1137 $270,525,203 $135,262,601 $405,787,804
Source: Collier County, NOAA
Table 2.72 - Impact of Sea Level Rise on Properties in Everglades City
Occupancy Estimated
Parcel Count Structure Value Estimated Content
Value Total Value
1 Foot Sea Level Rise 100 $10,380,834 $7,242,425 $17,623,259
Agriculture 0 $0 $0 $0
Commercial 20 $4,063,678 $4,063,678 $8,127,357
Education 0 $0 $0 $0
Government 2 $40,338 $40,338 $80,676
Industrial 0 $0 $0 $0
Religious 0 $0 $0 $0
Residential 78 $6,276,818 $3,138,409 $9,415,226
2 Foot Sea Level Rise 297 $38,360,706 $26,168,035 $64,528,741
Agriculture 0 0 $0 $0
Commercial 56 $13,975,364 $13,975,364 $27,950,729
Education 0 0 $0 $0
Government 0 0 $0 $0
Industrial 0 0 $0 $0
Religious 0 0 $0 $0
Residential 241 $24,385,341 $12,192,671 $36,578,012
3 Foot Sea Level Rise 72 $22,099,259 $15,735,239 $37,834,499
Agriculture 0 $0 $0 $0
Commercial 17 $9,350,637 $9,350,637 $18,701,273
Education 0 $0 $0 $0
Government 0 $0 $0 $0
Industrial 1 $1,704 $2,556 $4,260
Religious 1 $17,175 $17,175 $34,350
Residential 53 $12,729,744 $6,364,872 $19,094,616
Source: Collier County, NOAA
Table 2.73 - Impact of Sea Level Rise on Properties in Marco Island
Occupancy Estimated
Parcel Count Structure Value Estimated Content
Value Total Value
1 Foot Sea Level Rise 213 $316,419,731 $161,647,519 $478,067,250
Agriculture 0 $0 $0 $0
Commercial 9 $6,875,156 $6,875,156 $13,750,313
Education 0 $0 $0 $0
Government 3 $150 $150 $300
Industrial 0 $0 $0 $0
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Occupancy Estimated
Parcel Count Structure Value Estimated Content
Value Total Value
Religious 0 $0 $0 $0
Residential 201 $309,544,425 $154,772,213 $464,316,638
2 Foot Sea Level Rise 29 $22,794,033 $12,133,893 $34,927,926
Agriculture 0 0 $0 $0
Commercial 4 $1,473,753 $1,473,754 $2,947,508
Education 0 0 $0 $0
Government 0 0 $0 $0
Industrial 0 0 $0 $0
Religious 0 0 $0 $0
Residential 25 $21,320,279 $10,660,140 $31,980,419
3 Foot Sea Level Rise 75 $101,892,791 $51,045,755 $152,938,546
Agriculture 0 $0 $0 $0
Commercial 3 $198,720 $198,720 $397,440
Education 0 $0 $0 $0
Government 0 $0 $0 $0
Industrial 0 $0 $0 $0
Religious 0 $0 $0 $0
Residential 72 $101,694,071 $50,847,035 $152,541,106
Source: Collier County, NOAA
Table 2.74 - Impact of Sea Level Rise on Properties in Naples
Occupancy Estimated
Parcel Count Structure Value Estimated Content
Value Total Value
1 Foot Sea Level Rise 364 $337,108,297 $181,380,242 $518,488,539
Agriculture 0 $0 $0 $0
Commercial 33 $25,645,204 $25,645,204 $51,290,407
Education 0 $0 $0 $0
Government 2 $6,934 $6,934 $13,868
Industrial 1 $25 $38 $63
Religious 0 $0 $0 $0
Residential 328 $311,456,134 $155,728,067 $467,184,201
2 Foot Sea Level Rise 21 $49,059,125 $29,395,753 $78,454,879
Agriculture 0 0 $0 $0
Commercial 4 $9,732,381 $9,732,381 $19,464,763
Education 0 0 $0 $0
Government 0 0 $0 $0
Industrial 0 0 $0 $0
Religious 0 0 $0 $0
Residential 17 $39,326,744 $19,663,372 $58,990,116
3 Foot Sea Level Rise 340 $322,041,605 $179,230,637 $501,272,241
Agriculture 0 $0 $0 $0
Commercial 32 $36,386,096 $36,386,096 $72,772,191
Education 0 $0 $0 $0
Government 2 $33,413 $33,413 $66,826
Industrial 1 $80 $120 $200
Religious 0 $0 $0 $0
Residential 305 $285,622,016 $142,811,008 $428,433,024
Source: Collier County, NOAA
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Critical facility exposure to sea level rise was also evaluated through a spatial analysis.
Table lists critical facilities that may be exposed to direct impacts from sea level rise.
Facilities are listed according to the lowest level of sea level rise that could affect the
facility.
Table 2.75 – Critical Facility Exposure to Sea Level Rise
FEMA Lifeline Name Address Jurisdiction
1 Foot Sea Level Rise
Communications WVOI (Radio Communications Tower) 12801 Curcie Rd Collier County
Safety and Security Ochopee Fire Control Dist St 66 41015 Tamiami Trl E Collier County
Safety and Security Collier County Sheriff's Dept Dist. 7
Everglades City Substation
32020 Tamiami Trail
E
Collier County
Energy 8736533 - Fuel Facility along Evacuation
Route
150 Smallwood Dr Collier County
Hazardous Materials City of Everglades City - Booster Water
Plant
North Copeland
Avenue
Everglades
Food, Hydration,
Shelter
Ochopee Fire Department 201 Buckner Ave. Everglades
Transportation US 41/State 90 And County 29 Collier County
2 Foot Sea Level Rise
Safety and Security Ochopee Fire Control Dist St 60 201 Buckner Ave N Everglades
Energy 8503336 - Fuel Facility along Evacuation
Route
603 Collier Ave Everglades
Energy 9401483 - Fuel Facility along Evacuation
Route
203 Collier Ave Everglades
Water Systems Everglades City, City of - WWTF 401 Copeland Ave S Everglades
Transportation Everglades Airpark 650 EC Airpark Rd Everglades
3 Foot Sea Level Rise
Communications WMKO (Radio Communications Tower) Collier County
Communications WBGY (Radio Communications Tower) Everglades
Safety and Security Big Cypress Natl Preserve Fire & Avn 33090 Satinwood Dr Collier County
Safety and Security EMS Station 60 201 Buckner Ave N Everglades
Energy 8518190 - Fuel Facility along Evacuation
Route
20018 Tamiami Trl E Collier County
Energy FPL-Capri (Electric Substation) 5785 Collier Blvd Collier County
Energy LCEC-EGC (Electric Substation) 603 Begonia St Everglades
Hazardous Materials City Of Everglades City - Water Plant Collier County
Hazardous Materials City Of Everglades City - Wastewater Plant 401 Copeland Ave S Everglades
Hazardous Materials Gargiulo - Farm 7 15000 East Us
Highway 41
Collier County
Water Systems Lee Cypress Co-Op Po Box 513 Collier County
Water Systems Everglades Shores/Big Cypress Preserve Collier County
ENVIRONMENT
Sea level rise can have numerous negative consequences on the environment including
increased erosion and all impacts associated with that. Another concern is the inundation
of normally dry land, which could lead to the loss of marshes and wetlands and the
positive benefits associated with those areas. These areas buffer against waves and
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storm surge, protect from erosion and even encourage accretion, and provide natural
wildlife habitats. Finally, sea level rise may lead to saltwater intrusion as the groundwater
table may also rise, potentially leading to contaminated drinking and agriculture water.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.76 summarizes the potential negative consequences of sea level rise.
Table 2.76 – Consequence Analysis – Sea Level Rise
Category Consequences
Public
Sea Level Rise may cause increased flooding which may lead to illness, injury, or
death. Additionally, sea level rise may cause psychological stress from loss of
home, economy, and culture.
Responders Sea Level Rise induced flooding may cause increased burden on responders.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued Delivery
of Services)
As sea levels rise and cause more regular, chronic flooding, continuity of
operations, such as delivery of services may be interrupted due to localized
disruption of roads, facilities, and/or utilities.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Sea level rise can cause damage to property as flooding becomes more regular in
the short term and as sea levels continue to rise in the long term. SLR can also
compromise infrastructure such as drainage systems and roads.
Environment Sea level rise can lead to increased erosion, salt water intrusion, and inundation
of wetlands and previous dry land.
Economic Condition of the
Jurisdiction
Sea level rise can severely disrupt the economy, particularly in a region that relies
so heavily on tourism.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance Sea level rise is unlikely to impact public confidence.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes sea level rise risk by jurisdiction. Most jurisdictions face
at least some risk from sea level rise, but coastal and waterfront areas have greater
exposure. Spatial extent varies by jurisdiction depending on the area exposed to sea level
rise impacts. Given that the Seminole Tribe Immokalee Reservation is located inland, it
receives a negligible rating, while Marco Island and Naples are primarily coastal and
experience a high spatial risk. Unincorporated Collier County includes both inland and
coastal areas, so its spatial extent is moderate.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 3 3 3 1 4 2.9 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
3 3 1 1 4 2.5 M
Marco Island 3 3 4 1 4 3.1 H
Naples 3 3 4 1 4 3.1 H
Unincorporated
Collier County* 3 3 3 1 4 2.9 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
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2.5.8 SINKHOLES
HAZARD BACKGROUND
Sinkholes are a natural and common geologic feature in areas with underlying limestone
and other rock types that are soluble in natural water. Most limestone is porous, allowing
the acidic water of rain to percolate through their strata, dissolving some limestone and
carrying it away in solution. Over time, this persistent erosional process can create
extensive underground voids and drainage systems in much of the carbonate rocks.
Collapse of overlying sediments into the underground cavities produces sinkholes.
The three general types of sinkholes are: subsidence, solution, and collapse. Collapse
sinkholes are most common in areas where the overburden (the sediments and water
contained in the unsaturated zone, surficial aquifer system, and the confining layer abo ve
an aquifer) is thick, but the confining layer is breached or absent. Collapse sinkholes can
form with little warning and leave behind a deep, steep sided hole. Subsidence sinkholes
form gradually where the overburden is thin and only a veneer of sedimen ts is overlying
the limestone. Solution sinkholes form where no overburden is present, and the limestone
is exposed at land surface. Figure 2.42 illustrates the rock formation in the United States.
Salt and Gypsum underline about 40 percent of the contiguous in the United S tates, while
Carbonate Karst landscapes constitutes about 40 percent of the United States east of
Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Sinkholes occur in many shapes, from steep-walled holes to bowl or cone shaped
depressions. Sinkholes are dramatic because the land generally stays intact for a while
until the underground spaces get too big. If there is not enough support for the land abo ve
the spaces, then a collapse of the land surface can occur. Under natural conditions,
sinkholes form slowly and expand gradually. However, human activities such as dredging,
constructing reservoirs, diverting surface water, and pumping groundwater can
accelerate the rate of sinkhole expansions, resulting in the abrupt formation of collapse
sinkholes.
Although a sinkhole can form without warning, specific signs can signal potential
development:
• Slumping or falling fenceposts, trees, or foundations.
• Sudden formation of small ponds;
• Wilting vegetation.
• Discolored well water; and/or
• Structural cracks in walls, floors.
Sinkhole formation is aggravated and accelerated by urbanization. Development
increases water usage, alters drainage pathways, overloads the ground surface, and
redistributes soil. According to FEMA, the number of human -induced sinkholes has
doubled since 1930, insurance claims for damages as a result of sinkholes has increased
1,200 percent from 1987 to 1991, costing nearly $100 million.
• Warning Time: 4 – Less than six hours
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• Duration: 4 – More than 1 week
Figure 2.42 – Rock Formations in the United States
Source: USGS Groundwater Information
LOCATION
Collier County’s existing soil types significantly contribute to the propensity for natural
sinkhole formation. The area is characterized by a prevalent limestone bedrock, which is
particularly susceptible to erosion due to its solubility in acidic water. This erosion can
create voids underground that, when supported, may lead to sudden collapse of the
surface, resulting in sinkholes. In addition to natural processes, human activities play a
critical role in the potential for sinkhole development. Soil piping, a phenomenon where
water erodes soil and creates channels underground, can be exacerbated by leakage
from drainage systems, collapsed water mains, or sewer lines. Failed culverts and other
infrastructure failures can further compromise soil stability, increasing the likelihood of
erosion and sinkhole formation. Collier County and its jurisdictions are susceptible to
sinkholes.
Although underlying geological risk is widespread, any individual sinkhole affects only a
very small area relative to the planning area. The locations of past sinkhole events in the
county are shown in Figure 2.43.
• Spatial Extent: 1 – Negligible
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Figure 2.43 – Sinkhole Locations in Collier County
Source: Florida Geological Survey
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EXTENT
Sinkholes are inherently unpredictable geological phenomena that can lead to significant
consequences when they occur. Their size can vary dramatically, ranging from a few feet
in diameter to expansive depressions that can cover hundreds of acres. In terms of depth,
they can be as shallow as less than one foot or plunge deeper than 100 feet. The shape
of sinkholes can also differ widely; some are broad and shallow, resembling bow ls or
saucers, while others exhibit steep, vertical walls that create a more cavernous
appearance. In Florida, many sinkholes can fill with water, forming natural ponds that may
become unique ecosystems.
Despite their potential severity, there is currently no formal scale for measuring the extent
or impact of sinkholes, which complicates efforts to assess risk and respond effectively.
The unpredictability of sinkholes poses a challenge in urban environments, where the
presence of infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and buildings increase s the potential
for catastrophic damage. When a sinkhole forms beneath a structure, it can lead to
sudden and extensive catastrophic damage resulting in hazardous conditions and
significant repair costs.
Moreover, sinkholes can threaten local water resources by contaminating groundwater
supplies as they connect surface water with deeper aquifers. They have been known to
consume a variety of objects, including vehicles, swimming pools, sections of roadways,
and even entire buildings, leading to both immediate physical dangers and long -term
impacts on community infrastructure. In some cases, sinkholes in Florida have measured
up to 35 feet in depth with similar widths.
The extent of sinkhole activity in the area is measured by the dimensions and/or frequency
of these events. Per Florida Geological Survey records, the largest known sinkhole in
Collier County was 12 feet deep, recorded in 2000. However specific details of its exact
location is not readily available.
• Impact: 2 – Limited
PAST OCCURRENCES
There have been four recorded sinkholes in Collier County between 2000 and 2023. Past
sinkhole incidents reported by the Florida Geological Survey for Collier County are
recorded below in Table 2.77.
Table 2.77 – Sinkholes in Collier County, 2000-2023
Date Location Length Width Depth Note
7/18/2000 Immokalee 4 ft 4 ft 12 ft No structures threatened. Sinkhole appears to be
stable.
2/23/2003 Collier County 5 ft 6 ft 4 ft Sinkhole developed in roadway after a sprinkler
system malfunction.
3/22/2017 Collier County 4 ft 4 ft 1 ft Sinkhole is in swale maintained by the County.
9/3/2018 Collier County 1 ft 1 ft 0 ft N/A
Source: Florida Geological Survey
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While Collier County has experienced sinkhole activity in the past, these events are
uncommon occurrences and very few have caused any reported property damages. In
May 2000, there was an increase in sinkhole development which was believed to be
caused by lowered groundwater as a result of the 1998 drought. Drought conditions
exacerbate the natural processes that lead to sinkhole formation by reducing the water
table, which decreases the pressure on underground limestone formations and allows for
greater erosions.
The most recent reported sinkhole occurred in September 2018 . While specific details
regarding this incident were limited and it was classified as a small sinkhole, it serves as
a reminder of the ongoing geological activity in the region. However, a more significant
sinkhole event was reported in July 2018, triggered by a pipe burst. This particular incident
caused a section of U.S. in East Naples to collapse, highlighting the potential for
infrastructure vulnerabilities to exacerbate sinkholes risks.
Many underground pipes may be vulnerable to cracks and leaks due to age, increasing
likelihood of cracks and leaks. Such failures can lead to localized erosion, subsidence, or
even the formation of new sinkholes as water escapes and alters the stability of the
surrounding soil. As the County continues to develop and urbanize, monitoring the
integrity of underground utilities becomes increasingly important to mitigate risks
associated with sinkholes.
Sinkholes are relatively rare in Collier County compared to other regions of Florida due
to the county's geological characteristics, which differ significantly from areas prone to
frequent sinkhole formation, such as Central Florida. The reasons for the ra rity of
sinkholes in Collier County include:
• Geology and Soil Composition:
o Collier County primarily consists of sandy soils, limestone, and a deep layer
of clay, which helps to prevent the rapid erosion of underground materials
that typically lead to sinkhole formation.
o The limestone in Collier County is generally more stable and less prone to
dissolution compared to the highly porous limestone found in other parts of
Florida, such as the central region.
• Depth of the Limestone Bedrock:
o In Collier County, the limestone bedrock that could potentially dissolve is
located much deeper beneath the surface compared to areas like Central
Florida. The overlying layers of sand and clay provide a protective barrier,
reducing the likelihood of void formation that could result in a sinkhole.
• Water Table Stability:
o The region has a relatively stable and high-water table due to the presence
of extensive wetlands, such as the Everglades, which helps to maintain
hydrostatic pressure and prevent the collapse of underground cavities.
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• Hydrogeological Conditions:
o In areas where water flow is slow and steady, the dissolution of underlying
carbonate rock happens over a longer period, reducing the likelihood of
sudden collapses.
o In contrast, areas with fluctuating groundwater levels (due to heavy
withdrawals or drought conditions) experience a higher risk of sinkholes,
which is less common in Collier County.
• Land Use and Development Patterns:
o Collier County has experienced less intense urban development compared
to areas like Tampa and Orlando, where human activities such as
construction and groundwater pumping can accelerate sinkhole formation.
• Lack of Aggressive Aquifer Pumping:
o Excessive groundwater withdrawal can lead to sinkhole formation by
creating voids in the underlying rock. In Collier County, water management
practices are generally more conservative due to the area's natural
hydrology.
In summary, the combination of deeper limestone layers, stable groundwater levels, and
the protective overburden of sand and clay makes sinkholes a rare occurrence in Collier
County compared to other parts of Florida.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Sinkholes remain a possibility in localized areas of Collier County and are caused by both
human activity and as naturally occurring events. Based on previous events, sinkholes
are not likely to occur in Collier County but are possible based on the substantial
limestone formations and karst landscapes. Human activity such as construction and
excavation can disrupt the natural stability of the ground, making sink holes more likely.
Impacts from such events would likely cause minimal localized damage, though
potentially significant service interruptions caused by infrastructure damage and road
closures.
• Probability: 1 – Unlikely
CLIMATE CHANGE
Direct effects from global warming and climate change such as an increase in droughts,
floods and hurricanes could contribute to an increase in sinkholes. Climate change raises
the likelihood of extreme weather, meaning the torrential rain and flooding con ditions
which often lead to the exposure of sinkholes are likely to become increasingly common.
Global warming is leading to more frequent and severe weather events. Including intense
storms, hurricanes, and heavy rainfall. The extreme weather conditions can significant
impact the hydrological cycle and exacerbate environmental factors contributing to
sinkhole formation. Certain events such as a hurricane following a period of drought can
trigger a sinkhole due to low levels of groundwater combined with a heavy influx of rain.
As discussed in Sections 2.5.5 Drought, 2.5.1 Flood, and 0 Tropical Cyclones, potential
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increases in these contributing events are possible. Therefore, an increase in the
occurrence of sinkholes in the future is possible.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
A person’s vulnerability to sinkholes is closely tied to several factors, the most significant
being the speed at which the sinkholes forms and whether the individual is directly
situated above or near it when it occurs. The sudden and unpredictable nature of
sinkholes can make it extremely dangerous for those in the immediate vicinity, especially
if there is little to no warning. Historical records highlight numerous tragic incidents in
which people have lost their lived due to sinkholes suddenly opening beneath their
homes, trapping occupants. In such cases, the rapid collapse of the ground often leaves
no time for evacuation or rescue. Similarly, motor vehicle fatalities can occur when driver,
unaware of the hazard, were unable to stop in time and before authorities could establish
protective barriers or warning signs. These scenarios underscore the severe risks
sinkholes pose when they occur without notice, leaving individuals exposed to life -
threatening dangers.
• Population Patterns:
o Population growth in areas with limestone bedrock, particularly in inland
neighborhoods.
o Increased residential density near known sinkhole-prone zones increases
the risk of displacement.
o Vulnerable groups, such as low-income populations, may lack financial
resources for repairs or relocation.
o Underserved Populations: Residents of older housing developments may
be more exposed to sinkhole risks due to outdated infrastructure and
minimal maintenance.
PROPERTY
Like the vulnerability of individuals, the susceptibility of property to sinkhole -related
damage is influenced by a wide range of factors, with the speed at which the sinkhole
develops being a major determinant. The sudden formation of a sinkhole can lead to
devastating consequences for structures and infrastructure located directly above or near
the affected area. For properties situated above large sinkholes that collapse rapidly, the
damage can be catastrophic, resulting in a variety of serious issues. These may include
cracked or destabilized foundations, which can compromise the integrity of buildings,
damage to roadways that can impede transportation and emergency access, and the
destruction of vehicles or other personal property. In the worst cases, entir e structures
can be rendered uninhabitable or beyond repair, necessitating costly rebuilding or
relocation efforts.
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• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Expansion of subdivisions in previously undeveloped areas with minimal
geological surveys.
o Increased groundwater extraction due to residential and commercial
growth, contributing to sinkhole formation.
o Development of critical infrastructure, such as roads and utilities, over
potential sinkhole zones without adequate geotechnical assessments.
Despite the known risks, data on the potential property or critical facility losses associated
with sinkholes is often lacking. Comprehensive estimates remain elusive due to the
unpredictability of sinkhole occurrences, variations in regional geology, and the difficulties
involved in assessing subterranean conditions before a collapse occurs. This absence of
detailed information makes it challenging to fully grasp the economic impact of sinkholes,
especially when it comes to damage prevention and mitigation efforts.
ENVIRONMENT
Sinkholes are predominantly naturally occurring geological events, and because of their
origin in natural processes, their overall impact on the environment is typically minimal.
While sinkholes can cause sudden and dramatic shifts in the landscape, the damage they
inflict on natural areas is often localized and temporary. Ecosystems in affected regions
tend to adapt and recover relatively quickly, as the surrounding environment is already
accustomed to changes in the terrain and soil structure over time.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.78 summarizes the potential negative consequences of sinkhole.
Table 2.78 – Consequence Analysis – Sinkhole
Category Consequences
Public Impacts are minimal to public at large. Individuals directly affected could be injured
or experience anxiety or depression about economic and property losses.
Responders First responders will be impacted similarly to other events that have no advance
warning.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
Continuity of operations is generally not disrupted by sinkholes.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Although sinkhole extents are localized, buildings located on or adjacent to a
sinkhole are susceptible to foundation damage or building collapse. In a worst case
scenario, if a building is located close enough to a sinkhole it can be destroyed.
Remediation costs can be high due to costly foundation shoring or cost of
stabilization of the sinkhole itself.
Environment Sinkholes are natural occurring process and local plants and animals adjust quickly.
Many naturally occurring sinkholes fill with rainwater creating new aquatic habitat.
Economic Condition of the
Jurisdiction
Sinkholes located in open areas or that impact only small numbers of buildings,
while having a high impact to the local property owner, do not have substantial
impacts to the economy. Sinkholes that open in major traffic thoroughfares can
include significant impact to daily work traffic and flow of goods.
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Category Consequences
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
Sinkholes are relatively unpredictable, however if a sinkhole occurs due to
infrastructure issues and causes harm to people or property, the public may lose
confidence in the jurisdiction.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes sinkhole hazard risk by jurisdiction. Sinkhole hazard risk
does not vary substantially by jurisdiction.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 1 2 1 4 4 1.9 L
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
1 2 1 4 4 1.9 L
Marco Island 1 2 1 4 4 1.9 L
Naples 1 2 1 4 4 1.9 L
Unincorporated
Collier County* 1 2 1 4 4 1.9 L
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.9 WINTER STORMS AND FREEZE
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
A winter storm can range from a moderate snow over a period of a few hours to blizzard
conditions with blinding wind-driven snow that lasts for several days. Winter storm related
hazards include snow, sleet, freezing rain, or a mix of these wintry forms of precipitation,
as well as cold temperatures and freeze. Some winter storms might be large enough to
affect several states, while others might affect only localized areas.
All winter storm events have the potential to present dangerous conditions to the affected
area. A heavy snow event is defined by the NWS as an accumulation of 4 of more inches
in 12 hours or less. Large snowfalls pose a greater risk, reducing visibility due to blowing
snow and making driving conditions treacherous. A blizzard is the most severe form of
winter storm. It combines low temperatures, heavy snow, and winds of 35 miles per hour
or more, which reduces visibility to a quarter mile or less for at le ast 3 hours.
Ice storms are defined as storms with significant amounts of freezing rain. With warmer
air above, falling precipitation in the form of snow melts, then becomes either super -
cooled (liquid below the melting point of water) or re -freezes. In the former case, super-
cooled droplets can freeze on impact (freezing rain), while in the latter case, the re -frozen
water particles are ice pellets (or sleet). Sleet is defined as partially frozen raindrops or
refrozen snowflakes that form into small ice pellets before reaching the ground. They
typically bounce when they hit the ground. Sleet does not stick to the ground but can
accumulate like snow, posing similar problems and has the potential to accumulate into
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a layer of ice on surfaces. Freezing rain, conversely, usually sticks to the ground, creating
a sheet of ice on the roadways and other surfaces.
All the winter storm elements – snow, low temperatures, sleet, and ice – have the potential
to cause significant hazard to a community. Even small accumulations can down power
lines and trees limbs and create hazardous driving conditions and disrupt communication
and power for days. Freeze events are also particularly hazardous as they can create
treacherous surfaces. Freezing temperatures can also affect crops and pasture. Many of
these winter storm related hazards are not relevant to south Florida; howeve r, extreme
cold and freeze can affect the planning area.
Advancements in meteorology and forecasting usually allow for mostly accurate
forecasting a few days in advance of an impending storm. Most winter storms have a
duration of a few hours; however, cold temperatures and freeze can last longer periods.
• Warning Time: 1 – More than 24 hours
• Duration: 3 – Less than 1 week
LOCATION
Severe winter storms are usually a countywide or regional hazard, impacting the entire
county at the same time. The risk of a severe winter storm occurring is uniform across
Collier County. Collier County and its jurisdictions are vulnerable to winter storms and
freezes.
• Spatial Extent: 4 – Large
EXTENT
NOAA uses the Regional Snowfall Index (RSI) to assess the societal impact of winter
storms in the six easternmost regions in the United States. The index makes use of
population and regional differences to assess the impact of snowfall. It is shown in
Table 2.79. For example, areas which receive very little snowfall on average may be more
adversely affected than other regions, resulting in a higher severity. For central and
southern Florida, a Winter Storm Warning is issued when any snow or sleet amount to
more than a half inch. However, amounts as small as 0.1 inch can significantly impact
transportation and agriculture among other things. According to official NWS records,
there has never been any snowfall or accumulation of snow in Collier County, Florida.
Table 2.79 – Regional Snowfall Index (RSI) Values
Category RSI Value Description
1 1-3 Notable
2 3-6 Significant
3 6-10 Major
4 10-18 Crippling
5 18+ Extreme
Source: NOAA
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Severe winter storms often involve a mix of hazardous weather conditions. The
magnitude of an event can be defined based on the severity of each of the involved
factors, including precipitation type, precipitation accumulation amounts, temperature,
and wind. The NWS Wind Chill Temperature Index, shown in Figure 2.44, provides a
formula for calculating the dangers of winter winds and freezing temperatures.
Figure 2.44 – NWS Wind Chill Temperature Index
Source: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/winter/windchill.shtml
• Impact: 2 – Limited
The degree of exposure to winter storm and freeze typically depends on the normal
expected severity of local winter weather. Collier County is not accustomed to severe
winter weather conditions and often receives little to no winter weather during the winter
months. Given the atmospheric nature of the hazard, the entire County has uniform
exposure to a winter storm.
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
To get a full picture of the range of impacts of a severe winter storm, data for the following
weather types tracked by NCEI were collected: Blizzard, Cold/Wind Chill, Extreme
Cold/Wind Chill, Frost/Freeze, Heavy Snow, Ice Storm, Sleet, Winter Storm, and Winter
Weather.
Only Extreme Cold/Wind Chill and Frost/Freeze events have been recorded in Collier
County. These events are defined by the NWS as follows:
• Extreme Cold/Wind Chill – A period of extremely low temperatures or wind chill
temperatures reaching or exceeding locally/regionally defined warning criteria,
defined as wind chill -15°F or lower with wind speeds 10 mph (9 kt) or greater.
• Frost/Freeze – A surface air temperature of 32°F or lower, or the formation of ice
crystals on the ground or other surfaces, for a period long enough to cause
human or economic impact, during the locally defined growing season.
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Table 2.80 summarizes the recorded severe winter storm events that have impacted
Collier County according to the NCEI Storm Events Database for the 24-year period from
2000 through 2023. As reported in NCEI, severe winter weather did not cause any
fatalities, injuries, or property damage, but did cause some crop damage. Some of these
types of impacts may not have been reported and are possible in future events. Impacts
in Collier County by incident are recorded in Table 2.81.
Table 2.80 – Total Severe Winter Storm Impacts in Collier County, 2000-2023
Event Type
Number of
Recorded
Incidents
Total
Fatalities
Total
Injuries
Total Property
Damage
Total Crop
Damage
Extreme Cold/ Wind Chill 7 0 0 $0 $34,030,000
Frost/Freeze 22 0 0 $0 $301,030,000
Total 29 0 0 $0 $335,060,000
Source: NCEI
Table 2.81 – Recorded Severe Winter Storm Impacts in Collier County, 2000-2023
Location Date Event Type Fatalities/
Injuries
Property
Damage Crop Damage
Inland Collier (Zone) 12/21/2000 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 12/31/2000 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/1/2001 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill 0/0 $0 $30,000
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/5/2001 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill 0/0 $0 $34,000,000
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/10/2001 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 12/27/2001 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/9/2002 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/19/2003 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/24/2003 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 12/21/2003 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/24/2005 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 2/12/2005 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/8/2006 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 2/14/2006 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 2/17/2007 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 2/19/2007 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/3/2008 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $20,000
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/22/2009 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $50,000
Inland Collier (Zone) 2/5/2009 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Coastal Collier (Zone) 2/5/2009 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/6/2010 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/10/2010 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $300,000,000
Coastal Collier (Zone) 1/10/2010 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 12/7/2010 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 12/14/2010 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Coastal Collier (Zone) 12/15/2010 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 12/28/2010 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $960,000
Coastal Collier (Zone) 12/28/2010 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
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Location Date Event Type Fatalities/
Injuries
Property
Damage Crop Damage
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/3/2012 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 2/4/2021 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/30/2022 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Inland Collier (Zone) 1/31/2022 Frost/Freeze 0/0 $0 $0
Total 0/0 $0 $335,060,000
Source: NCEI
According to NOAA, 2 people died from exposure to the cold in 2009 and 2 more in 2010
within the State of Florida. This does not include additional deaths related to carbon
monoxide poisoning from using improper heating sources. A freeze in January 2010 led
to agricultural losses of over $200 million. The USDA declared 59 out of 67 counties in a
state of natural disaster for agricultural production during this freeze. Storm impacts from
NCEI are summarized below:
January 5, 2001 – A freeze occurred throughout the interior sections of south Florida,
causing damage to certain crops. Hardest hit were certain vegetable crops with 75%
losses in Hendry and east Collier counties and 30% losses in the farming areas of south
Miami-Dade County. Other crops that were damaged included newly planted sugar cane,
ornamentals, and tropical fruits. A heavy frost occurred in the western suburbs of Miami-
Dade, Broward and Palm Beach metropolitan areas. Several daily minimum temperature
records were broken. Selected minimum temperatures included 27 degrees at Belle
Glade, 29 degrees in the Homestead agricultural area, 31 degrees in Naples, 39 degrees
at Miami International Airport and 43 degrees in Miami Beach.
January 22, 2009 – An arctic cold front moved through South Florida on January 20th.
High pressure of arctic origin settled over the region behind the cold front, bringing
freezing temperatures to much of South Florida on the mornings of January 21 and 22.
Temperatures dropped to below freezing over most of interior South Florida on the
morning of January 22. Temperatures bottomed out as low as the mid -20s over portions
of Glades, Hendry and Collier counties. Readings in the upper 20s to around 30 were
observed over inland sections of Palm Beach County, with near freezing temperatures of
30-32 degrees over inland sections of Broward and Miami-Dade counties. In addition to
the freezing temperatures, widespread heavy frost formed over most of interior and
northern sections of South Florida. Crop damage was extensive in some areas, with total
losses to bean and corn crops in parts of western Palm Beach County. Losses to tomato
and strawberry crops were also noted in Hendry and Collier counties.
December 28, 2010 – Temperatures across inland sections of Collier County fell into the
upper 20s to low 30s with the coldest temperatures reported across far north and east
sections on the morning of the 28th. The coldest temperatures during this period were:
26 degrees in The Florida Panther NWR, 27 degrees in Golden Gate Estates, and 29
degrees in Immokalee. Extensive damage to crops and frost were reported. Crop damage
amount estimate of $0.96 million is for all of Collier County and represents the combined
total of all three December freeze events.
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Collier County has never received an emergency declaration for incidents related to
severe winter storms. As a state, Florida has also never received any disaster
declarations related to severe winter storms.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
NCEI records show 32 severe winter storm related events during the 24-year period from
2000 through 2023, which is an average of 1.33 events per year or about a 133 percent
probability in any given year. Breaking up these events by type and intensity, it can be
estimated that:
▪ A freeze may be expected in Collier County every one to two years.
▪ Severe freezes that lead to significant crop loss ($100,000+) can be expected
about once every ten years in Collier County.
▪ Southern Florida is likely to experience between 2 and 4 days of winter weather
annually.
• Probability: 3 – Likely
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is not expected to increase the frequency or magnitude of winter storms
and freezes in Florida. However, climate change does not mean that winter storms would
not continue to occur in the State. Climate change could cause more variability in daily
temperature and thus create a prolonged winter storm or freeze.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
Winter storms are considered deceptive killers because most deaths are indirectly related
to the storm event. The leading cause of death during winter storms is from automobile
or other transportation accidents due to poor visibility and/or slippery roads. Additionally,
exhaustion and heart attacks caused by overexertion may result from winter storms.
• Population Patterns:
o Population growth in rural agricultural areas like Immokalee dependent on
seasonal crop production.
o Increased density of elderly residents in mobile home communities that are
vulnerable to freezing temperatures.
o Seasonal population influx from northern regions increasing heating
demands during cold snaps.
o Underserved Populations: Low-income families may face higher risks due
to poorly insulated homes and limited access to heating systems. Migrant
farmworkers may be exposed to extreme cold without adequate shelter or
resources.
Power outages during very cold winter storm conditions can also create potentially
dangerous situations. Elderly people account for the largest percentage of hypothermia
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victims. In addition, if the power is out for an extended period, residents are forced to find
alternative means to heat their homes. The danger arises from carbon monoxide released
from improperly ventilated heating sources such as space or kerosene heaters, furnaces,
and blocked chimneys. House fires also occur more frequently in the winter due to lack
of proper safety precautions when using an alternative heating source.
PROPERTY
No property damage was reported in association with any winter weather events recorded
by the NCEI between 2000 and 2023 for Collier County. Therefore, no annualized loss
estimate could be calculated for this hazard. However, $335,060,000 in crop damage was
reported over the 24-year period, which equates to an average annual loss estimate of
$13,960,833.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Expansion of commercial greenhouses and nurseries with limited
temperature regulation systems.
o Growth of new residential developments without winterized infrastructure
(e.g., insulated pipes).
o Limited adoption of frost-resistant landscaping in newly developed
neighborhoods.
ENVIRONMENT
Winter storm events may include ice or snow accumulation on trees which can cause
large limbs, or even whole trees, to snap and potentially fall on buildings, cars, or power
lines. This potential for winter debris creates a dangerous environment to be outs ide in;
significant injury or fatality may occur if a large limb snaps while a local resident is out
driving or walking underneath it.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.82 summarizes the potential negative consequences of severe winter storm.
Table 2.82 – Consequence Analysis – Severe Winter Storm
Category Consequences
Public Localized impact expected to be severe for affected areas and moderate to light for
other less affected areas.
Responders Adverse impact expected to be severe for unprotected personnel and moderate to
light for trained, equipped, and protected personnel.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
Localized disruption of roads and/or utilities caused by incident may postpone
delivery of some services.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Localized impact to facilities and infrastructure in the areas of the incident. Power
lines and roads most adversely affected.
Environment Environmental damage to trees, bushes, crops, etc.
Economic Condition of the
Jurisdiction
Local economy and finances may be adversely affected, depending on damage.
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Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
Ability to respond and recover may be questioned and challenged if planning,
response, and recovery not timely and effective.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes severe winter storm and freeze risk by jurisdiction. Risk
does not vary substantially by jurisdiction because these events are typically regional in
nature.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 3 2 4 1 3 2.7 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
3 2 4 1 3 2.7 M
Marco Island 3 2 4 1 3 2.7 M
Naples 3 2 4 1 3 2.7 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 3 2 4 1 3 2.7 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.10 EARTHQUAKE
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
An earthquake is a movement or shaking of the ground. Most earthquakes are caused
by the release of stresses accumulated as a result of the rupture of rocks along opposing
fault planes in the Earth’s outer crust. These fault planes are typically found along borders
of the Earth's 10 tectonic plates. The areas of greatest tectonic instability occur at the
perimeters of the slowly moving plates, as these locations are subjected to the greatest
strains from plates traveling in opposite directions and at different speeds. Deformation
along plate boundaries causes strain in the rock and the consequent buildup of stored
energy. When the built-up stress exceeds the rocks' strength a rupture occurs. The rock
on both sides of the fracture is snapped, releasing the stored energy and producing
seismic waves, generating an earthquake.
▪ Warning Time: 4 – Less than 6 hours
▪ Duration: 1 – Less than 6 hours
LOCATION
The United State Geological Survey’s Quaternary faults database was consulted to define
the location of potential earthquakes within range of Collier County. Quaternary faults are
active faults recognized at the surface which have evidence of movement in the past 2.58
million years. The Gulf-Margin normal faults, the Charleston liquefaction feature, and the
Wiggins uplift are the closest to Collier County and they are 450 miles, 415 miles, and
485 miles away respectively. These three fault areas could potentially produce an
earthquake affecting Collier County. Figure 2.45 reflects the location of these three faults
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in relation to Collier County based on data from the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program.
Additionally, there is a fault about the same distance south of Florida on the Caribbean
Plate. Collier County and its jurisdictions are susceptible to earthquakes.
All of Florida is subject to earthquakes, with the northwestern region most vulnerable to
a damaging earthquake. The state is affected by the Charleston liquefaction feature in
South Carolina, the Gulf-Margin normal faults stretching from the edge of Florida through
Louisiana, and the Wiggins uplift in Alabama and Mississippi. The Charleston
Liquefaction feature has generated an earthquake greater than 8.0 on the Richter Scale
in the last 200 years.
▪ Spatial Extent: 3 – Moderate
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Figure 2.45 – US Quaternary Faults
Source: USGS U.S. Quaternary Faults
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EXTENT
Earthquakes are measured in terms of their magnitude and intensity. Magnitude is
measured using the Richter Scale, an open-ended logarithmic scale that describes the
energy release of an earthquake through a measure of shock wave amplitude. A detailed
description of the Richter Scale is given in Table 2.83. Although the Richter scale is
usually used by the news media when reporting the intensity of earthquakes and is the
scale most familiar to the public, the scale currently used by the scientific community in
the United States is called the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale. The MMI scale is
an arbitrary ranking based on observed effects. Table 2.84 shows descriptions for levels
of earthquake intensity on the MMI scale. Seismic shaking is typically the greatest cause
of losses to structures during earthquakes.
Table 2.83 – Richter Scale
Magnitude Effects
Less than 3.5 Generally, not felt, but recorded.
3.5 – 5.4 Often felt, but rarely causes damage.
5.4 – 6.0 At most slight damage to well-designed buildings. Can cause major damage to poorly
constructed buildings over small regions.
6.1 – 6.9 Can be destructive in areas up to 100 kilometers across where people live.
7.0 – 7.9 Major earthquake. Can cause serious damage over larger areas.
8.0 or greater Great earthquake. Can cause serious damage in areas several hundred kilometers across.
Source: FEMA
Table 2.84 – Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale
MMI Shaking Description/Damage
I Not felt Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable conditions.
II Weak
Felt by a few persons at rest, especially on upper floors of buildings.
III Weak Felt quite noticeably by persons indoors, especially on upper floors of buildings. Many
people do not recognize it as an earthquake. Standing motor cars may rock slightly.
Vibrations similar to the passing of a truck. Duration estimated.
IV Light Felt indoors by many, outdoors by few during the day. At night, some awakened.
Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make cracking sound. Sensation like heavy
truck striking building. Standing motor cars rocked noticeably.
V Moderate Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Some dishes, windows broken. Unstable
objects overturned. Pendulum clocks may stop.
VI Strong Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen
plaster. Damage slight.
VII Very strong Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in
well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed
structures; some chimneys broken.
VIII Severe Damage slight in specially designed structures; considerable damage in ordinary
substantial buildings with partial collapse. Damage great in poorly built structures. Fall
of chimneys, factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls. Heavy furniture overturned.
IX Violent Damage considerable in specially designed structures; well -designed frame structures
thrown out of plumb. Damage great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse.
Buildings shifted off foundations.
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MMI Shaking Description/Damage
X Extreme Some well-built wooden structures destroyed; most masonry and frame structures
destroyed with foundations. Rails bent.
Source: USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
The most severe earthquake to impact Florida measured a VIII on the Modified Mercalli
Intensity Scale. However, per the USGS Earthquake Catalog, there are no records since
1800 of any earthquake impacts being felt in Collier County.
▪ Impact: 1 – Minor
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program maintains a database of historical earthquakes
of a magnitude 2.5 and greater from 1973 to 20 24. Collier County has no history of
earthquakes or damage from earthquakes. No earthquakes have had epicenters in
Florida and there are no documented faults in the State.
The National Geophysical Data Center maintains a database of all earthquakes from
1638 to 1985 including the maximum intensity for each locality that felt the earthquake.
Since 1985, no major earthquake events have impacted the planning area. The largest
earthquake to be felt in Florida was the Charleston earthquake of 1886, which registered
an MMI of VIII in Savannah. Table 2.85 shows historic seismic events felt in Florida. No
earthquake epicenters have occurred in Collier County.
Table 2.85 – Historical Seismic Events Felt in Florida, 1886-2024
Date Description
August 31, 1886
Known as the “great earthquake,” a severe earthquake hit Charleston, South Carolina.
It was so powerful that shaking was felt in St. Augustine and Tampa. There were also
several aftershocks in the months after the quake that were felt in Florida.
January 5, 1945 Shaking was felt in Volusia County. Windows in a De Land courthouse shook violently.
October 27, 1973 A shock was felt in Seminole, Volusia, Orange, and Brevard counties with a maximum
intensity of MM V.
January 13, 1978 Two shocks were felt in Polk County, each lasting about 15 seconds and one minute
apart. It rattled doors and windows, but there were no injuries or damages.
November 13, 1978 A shock was felt in northwest Florida. The seismic station estimated that it originated in
the Atlantic Ocean.
September 10, 2006
A strong quake was felt in Florida and other Gulf Coast states. USGS determined it was
magnitude 6 quake originating in the Gulf of Mexico, 250 miles southwest of the
Apalachicola area.
July 16, 2016
Some felt small shakes in Florida and USGS rated it as a 3.7 magnitude. It was later
discovered that the “quake” was actually an experimental explosion in the ocean by the
US Navy.
March 7 & 24, 2019 Two weak tremors, intensity MM III, were felt in Jay and Century, Florida. No damage in
Florida was reported.
January 2020 A 7.7 magnitude earthquake occurred in the Caribbean Sea between Jamaica and
Cuba causing buildings in Miami to shake and evacuate.
September 3, 2020 Weak tremor was felt by few in Jay, FL; intensity MM II.
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Date Description
August 27, 2024
A magnitude 4.3 earthquake struck approximately 38 kilometers (23 miles) northwest of
Wellington, at a depth of 5 kilometers (3.1 miles). Collier County did not experience any
tremors.
Source: Florida Enhanced State Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2023
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Ground motion is the movement of the earth’s surface due to earthquakes or explosions.
It is produced by waves generated by a sudden slip on a fault or sudden pressure at the
explosive source and travels through the earth and along its surface. Ground moti on is
amplified when surface waves of unconsolidated materials bounce off or are refracted by
adjacent solid bedrock. The probability of ground motion is depicted in USGS earthquake
hazard maps by showing, by contour values, the earthquake ground motions (of a
frequency) that have a common given probability of being exceeded in 50 years.
Figure 2.46 reflects the seismic hazard for Collier County based on the national USGS
map of peak acceleration with two percent probability of exceedance in 50 years. To
produce these estimates, the ground motions being considered at a given location are
those from all future possible earthquake magnitudes at all possible distances from that
location. The ground motion coming from a particular magnitude and distance is assigned
an annual probability equal to the annual probability of occurrence of the causative
magnitude and distance. The method assumes a reasonable future catalog of
earthquakes, based upon historical earthquake locations and geological information on
the recurrence rate of fault ruptures. When all the possible earthquakes and magnitudes
have been considered, a ground motion value is determined such that the annual rate of
its being exceeded has a certain value.
Therefore, for the given probability of exceedance, two percent, the locations shaken
more frequently will have larger ground motions. All of Collier County is located within
zones with peak acceleration of 0-2% g.
There have been no past occurrences of earthquakes in Collier County. Using past
occurrence as an indicator of future probability, there is a low chance of an earthquake
causing some building damage.
Based on this data, it can be reasonably assumed that an earthquake event affecting
Collier County is possible but unlikely.
▪ Probability: 1 – Unlikely
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Figure 2.46 – Seismic Hazard Information for Collier County
Source: USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
CLIMATE CHANGE
Scientists are beginning to believe there may be a connection between climate change
and earthquakes. Changing ice caps and sea -level redistribute weight over fault lines,
which could potentially have an influence on earthquake occurrences. However, currently
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no studies quantify the relationship to a high level of detail, so recent earthquakes should
not be linked with climate change. While not conclusive, early research suggest that more
intense earthquakes and tsunamis may eventually be added to the adverse
consequences that are caused by climate change.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
Earthquake events in Collier County are unlikely to produce more than moderate ground
shaking; injury is unlikely. Objects falling from shelves generally pose the greatest threat
to safety.
A 2,500-year event was estimated using Hazus because a 2,500-year event is the
“maximum considered earthquake” and is used for building codes. It has a 2 -percent
probability of being exceeded in 50 years.
Hazus estimates that the 2,500-year earthquake would result in 608 residential structures
experiencing slight to complete damage. With these estimates, potential population at risk
was calculated using the American Community Survey 2023 1-Year Estimates for
average household size. The average household size for Collier County is 2.4, therefore
there are an estimated 1,459 individuals are at moderate risk to the 2,500-year
earthquake event.
• Population Patterns:
o Growing population in inland areas with limited building codes for seismic
activity.
o Increased density in neighborhoods with older, non-retrofitted structures.
o Vulnerable populations, such as elderly residents and those in multi -story
apartments, may face greater difficulty in evacuation.
o Underserved Populations: Low-income and minority communities living in
older structures may lack the financial resources for retrofitting homes to
meet seismic standards.
PROPERTY
In a severe earthquake event, buildings can be damaged by the shaking itself or by the
ground beneath them settling to a different level than it was before the earthquake
(subsidence). Buildings can even sink into the ground if soil liquefaction occurs. If a
structure (a building, road, etc.) is built across a fault, the ground displacement during an
earthquake could seriously damage that structure.
Earthquakes can also cause damages to infrastructure, resulting in secondary hazards.
Damages to dams or levees could cause failures and subsequent flooding. Fires can be
started by broken gas lines and power lines. Fires can be a serious problem, especia lly
if the water lines that feed the fire hydrants have been damaged as well. Impacts of
earthquakes also include debris clean-up and service disruption.
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Collier County has not been impacted by an earthquake, so major damage to the built
environment is unlikely. However, if an earthquake were to occur, there is potential for
impacts to certain masonry buildings, as well as environmental damages with secondary
impacts on structures.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Continued construction of non-reinforced masonry buildings in low-seismic
zones despite moderate earthquake potential.
o Increased development of critical infrastructure, such as water towers and
bridges, without updated seismic resilience measures.
o Expansion of urban centers with high-rise buildings and multi-use
developments requiring updated structural codes.
Table 2.86 details the estimated buildings impacted by 2,500-year earthquake event
based on a Hazus level 1 analysis. Note that building value estimates are inherent to
Hazus and do not necessarily reflect damages to the asset inventory provided by the
County’s parcel and building data.
Table 2.86 – Estimated Buildings Impacted by 2,500-Year Earthquake Event
Occupancy Type Building Damage Content Loss Total Damage
Residential $29,060,900 $2,508,800 $31,569,700
Commercial $3,529,800 $1,018,200 $4,548,000
Industrial $588,600 $275,700 $864,300
Other $961,700 $324,100 $1,285,800
Total $34,141,000 $4,126,800 $38,267,800
Source: Hazus
Table 2.87 provides the estimate of buildings damaged at varying levels of severity by
occupancy type for the 2,500-year earthquake event. In this scenario, there would be
1,692 buildings with moderate damage, 205 buildings with extensive damage, and only
12 buildings with complete damage.
Table 2.87 - Estimated Building Damage
Occupancy Estimated Count of Buildings Damaged
None Slight Moderate Extensive Complete
Agriculture 669.27 13.36 3.91 0.45 0.02
Commercial 9,522.96 226.15 69.53 7.98 0.37
Education 182.76 3.98 1.14 0.12 0.01
Government 211.34 5.01 1.48 0.15 0.01
Industrial 3,103.81 67.02 20.04 2.05 0.08
Other Residential 2,1414.20 488.83 118.82 1.13 0.02
Religion 462.85 11.29 3.40 0.43 0.03
Single Family 14,6214.48 4260.46 1473.31 193.14 11.62
Total 181,782 5,076 1,692 205 12
Source: Hazus
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Table 2.88 details estimated property damages for annualized loss. Annualized losses
are estimated at $78 million. Most damages would be sustained by residential property.
Table 2.88 – Estimated Property Damages from a 2,500-Year Earthquake Event
Area Residential Commercial Industrial Others Total
Single Family Other
Structural $27,567,300 $1,493,600 $3,529,800 $588,600 $961,700 $34,141,000
Non-
Structural
$30,026,100 $3,170,700 $4,315,000 $603,600 $1,387,300 $39,502,700
Content $2,154,000 $354,800 $1,018,200 $275,700 $324,100 $4,126,800
Inventory $0 $0 $238,900 $56,000 $33,100 $328,000
Total $59,747,400 $5,019,100 $9,101,900 $1,523,900 $2,706,200 $78,098,500
Source: Hazus
ENVIRONMENT
An earthquake is unlikely to cause substantial impacts to the natural environment in
Collier County. Impacts to the built environment (e.g. ruptured gas line) could damage
the surrounding environment. However, this type damage is unlikely based on historical
occurrences.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.89 summarizes the potential negative consequences of earthquake.
Table 2.89 – Consequence Analysis - Earthquake
Category Consequences
Public The public may experience shaking and the greatest threat to health and well-being
is often from objects falling from shelves.
Responders Minimal expected impact on responders given only mild to moderate events. If a
more severe incident occurs, responders may need to enter compromised structures
or infrastructure.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
There would likely be little disruption to services or operations due to a moderate
earthquake. Any damage to transportation infrastructure, or critical facilities could
interrupt access to some services.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Damage to facilities and infrastructure is unlikely. Moderate ground shaking could
cause objects to fall, resulting in minor damages.
Environment No severe impacts expected, but damage to key infrastructure, utility systems, or
facilities that house hazardous materials could harm the surrounding environment
and may require remediation.
Economic Condition of the
Jurisdiction
Economic loss is unexpected with moderate events, but could include property
damage, business interruption costs, cost to repair public infrastructure, and debris
removal costs.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
Public confidence is unlikely to be affected from an earthquake event.
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HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes earthquake hazard risk by jurisdiction. Despite minor
differences in peak acceleration probabilities, earthquake risk is uniform across the
planning area.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 1 1 3 4 1 1.7 L
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
1 1 3 4 1 1.7
L
Marco Island 1 1 3 4 1 1.7 L
Naples 1 1 3 4 1 1.7 L
Unincorporated
Collier County* 1 1 3 4 1 1.7 L
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.11 TSUNAMI
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves formed as a result of an underwater
disturbance such as an earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite.
Earthquakes are the most common cause of tsunamis. Tsunami waves radiate in all
directions from the site of the disturbance, traveling as fast as 450 mph and slowing as
they reach shallow waters. As the waves slow, they draw together and grow in height.
The resulting phenomenon appears as a constant wall of water and can resemble
hurricane storm surge when it reaches the shore.
There can be as many as 60 miles between peaks of each wave series and be as far as
one hour apart. Tsunamis have a much smaller amplitude (wave height) offshore, and a
very long wavelength (often hundreds of kilometers long), which is why they generally
pass unnoticed at sea, forming only a passing "hump" in the ocean. The number of
arrivals and the amplitudes of each wave will vary depending on the coastal properties,
the exact travel direction, and other specifics of how the tsunami was generated. They
will vary from place to place and event to event. In the largest tsunamis, surge can
continue for many hours and more than a day. Tsunamis are typically caused by
underwater tectonic activity, particularly along fault lines where large amounts of ocean
floor can be displaced. This displacement causes the water above it to be pushed up or
down, creating waves that spread outward in all directions.
Scientists cannot predict when and where the next tsunami will strike. However, since
earthquakes are often a cause of tsunamis, an earthquake felt near a body of water may
be considered an indication that a tsunami could shortly follow. Tsunami Warning Centers
monitor which earthquakes are likely to generate tsunamis and can issue warning
messages when a tsunami is possible. The National Tsunami Warning Center in Palmer,
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Alaska, serves the continental United States, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands and
Canada.
As a tsunami approaches the coast, its speed decreased, but its height increases
dramatically, this can result in catastrophic flooding and destruction of coastal areas. The
first part of a tsunami to reach land is a trough rather than a crest of the wave. The water
along the shoreline may recede dramatically, exposing areas that are normally
submerged. This can serve as an advance warning of the approaching crest of the
tsunami, although the crest typically arrives seconds to minutes later.
Tsunamis are sometimes mistakenly called tidal waves; however, this term is misleading
and discouraged by oceanographers because tsunamis are not related or influenced by
tidal patterns.
▪ Warning Time: 3 – 6 to 12 hours
▪ Duration: 3 – Less than 1 week
LOCATION
Tsunamis can impact any coastal area, but they are most commonly associated with the
Pacific Coast due to the higher likelihood of occurrence in this region, which is
characterized by numerous subduction zones and a significant risk of earthquakes. On
the East Coast, tsunamis are more likely to be triggered by landslides or underwater
slumping related to local earthquakes, though these events are relatively rare. The most
vulnerable areas are those located less than 25 feet above sea level and within one mile
of the coastline. According to the 2023 Florida State Hazard Mitigation Plan, the past 150
years of tsunami records indicate that the most frequent and destructive tsunamis in the
U.S. have occurred along the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and
Hawaii.
Earthquakes are frequently the cause for tsunami events. The 2023 Florida State Hazard
Mitigation Plan reports that four tsunamis have occurred in Florida, all on the Atlantic
Coast. Additionally, sediment deposits in the Gulf of Mexico may lead to underwater
landslide activity.
Collier County's location along the Gulf of Mexico generally places it at a lower risk of
tsunamis compared to other areas along Florida's west coast. However, being a coastal
community, the potential for a tsunami cannot be entirely ruled out. Tsunamis affecting
Collier County would likely be triggered by underwater landslides within the Gulf of
Mexico or distant seismic events. Although such occurrences are rare, they could still
generate localized tsunami impacts. Given the unpredictable nature of seismi c activity,
there remains a possibility of a tsunami affecting Collier County and its jurisdictions.
Low-lying areas, including Naples, Marco Island, Everglades City, and unincorporated
coastal regions, may be particularly vulnerable due to their flat topo graphy and proximity
to the shoreline. The gradual slope of the continental shelf further increases
susceptibility in these areas, as well as Port of the Islands, making them more prone to
potential tsunami-related impacts.
▪ Spatial Extent: 3 – Moderate
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Figure 2.47 shows the at-risk areas for tsunamis in the United States.
Figure 2.47 – Tsunami Risk Areas in the United States
Source: Envista Forensics, National Weather Service
EXTENT
As previously mentioned, Collier County does not face the same high -risk tsunami threats
as Pacific Coastal regions, tsunamis generated by submarine landslides in the Gulf of
Mexico could pose a potential hazard. While these events are rare, they could affect areas
of Collier County’s coast, particularly low-lying areas like Naples, Marco Island, and other
beachfront communities. The Regional Assessment of Tsunami Potential in the Gulf of
Mexico report by Brink, et al. provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential for
tsunami generation in the Gulf of Mexico. One of the primary findings of the report is that
submarine landslides have already occurred in the region and, in some cases, were
substantial enough in volume to trigger destructive tsunamis. These landslides, which
originated from the Gulf’s continental slope, have the capacity to displace significant
amounts of water, creating dangerous waves capable of causing severe damage to
coastal areas.
The report suggests that the sediment supply from the Mississippi River, one of the largest
rivers in the world, plays a significant role in contributing to the possibility of further
submarine landslide activity. The Mississippi River constantly deposits sediment into the
Gulf, which over time can accumulate on the continental slope. This build of sediment can
potentially destabilize the seabed, leading to future landslides.
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FEMA’s National Risk Index (NRI) Map shows tsunami risk as not applicable to Collier
County. The 2023 Florida State Hazard Mitigation Plan rates overall tsunami vulnerability
as low.
▪ Impact: 2 – Limited
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
Florida has experienced four recorded tsunami events, all of which occurred along its
Atlantic Coast. Although Florida is generally considered a low-risk area for tsunamis
compared to more seismically active regions, these events serve as a reminder that
tsunamis can still reach the state’s shores under certain conditions. The causes of these
tsunamis are varied and highlight the potential for both local and distant seismic activity
to generate waves that can impact the Florida coastline.
• One tsunami was cause by an earthquake along the Atlantic Coast.
• One was caused by an earthquake outside the Atlantic region.
• Two of the tsunamis were generate by earthquakes in the Caribbean.
While no known tsunamis have ever affected the Florida Gulf Coast, a tsunami in that
location is unlikely but not impossible.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Historical records indicate that Florida, particularly along its Gulf Coast, has experiences
few, if any, significant tsunamis in the past. Most documented tsunami events have
occurred on the Atlantic side, with no major incidents recorded in Collier County or
elsewhere along the Gulf Coast. Based on the past occurrences and research, future
tsunami events impacting the county is unlikely. The stable geological environment in the
Gulf, combined with the absence of major historical tsunami activity, determin es that
future tsunami activity affecting Collier County remains minimal.
▪ Probability: 1 – Unlikely
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is not anticipated to impact the frequency or occurrence of tsunamis in
Collier County.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
Many of the effects of tsunamis on people are the same as those for other types of coastal
flooding, described in Sections 2.5.1 and 0. Certain groups within Collier County may be
more vulnerable to a tsunami due to age, mobility issues, or socioeconomic factors. The
county has a large elderly population, many of whom live in retirement communities near
the coast. Older adults may face challenges with evacuation during an emergency,
particularly in rapid response. Foremost, rescue missions may be life-threatening for
rescuers if buildings are not structurally stable or if rescuing from waters of unknown
depth.
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• Population Patterns:
o Increased seasonal population and tourists along beachfront communities
during peak months.
o Higher concentrations of vulnerable populations, such as seniors and
families with young children, at popular beachfront parks.
o New residential developments increasing population density in low -lying
evacuation zones.
o Underserved Populations: Coastal communities with limited
transportation access may face evacuation challenges. Tourists unfamiliar
with evacuation procedures may also contribute to congestion during a
tsunami warning.
PROPERTY
Though highly unlikely, if a major tsunami were to impact Florida, the resulting damage
to structure and critical infrastructure could be severe. Coastal communities in low-lying
areas, such as those in Collier County, could experience widespread damage from the
force of waters and from flooding, particularly where residential and commercial
properties are located near the shoreline. Critical infrastructure, such as power plants,
water treatment facilities, hospitals, and emergency services buildings, would also be at
high risk. The force of the water could disrupt power grids, damage roads and bridges,
and cause long-term interruptions to vital services, further complicating response and
recovery efforts.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Expansion of beachfront resorts, hotels, and residential complexes within
potential tsunami inundation zones.
o Development of critical evacuation routes through densely populated areas,
increasing evacuation times.
o Growth of recreational and commercial zones along the coast, potentially
obstructing natural buffers such as dunes.
ENVIRONMENT
A major tsunami could lead to significant changes along the coast, affecting a wide range
of coastal features and ecosystems. The impact would extend to both the immediate
shoreline and the intra-coastal areas, leading to widespread alternatives in the landscape.
For instance, tsunamis can reshape the coastline, leading the beaches eroding away,
altering the natural contour of the shore and potentially causing the loss of valuable
recreational and natural areas. Also, there’s a possibility of damage to vegetation. The
force of a tsunami wave, combined with the debris carried by the water, could uproot or
flatten vegetation. The restoration of damages vegetation and habitats require time and
resources, and some ecosystems might not fully return to their pre-tsunami conditions.
The alteration of coastal environments could have cascading efforts on local biodiversity
and the ecological balance.
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CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
The consequence analysis for tsunami hazards is shown in Table 2.90.
Table 2.90 – Consequence Analysis – Tsunami
Category Consequences
Public Vulnerable populations such as the elderly, are more susceptible to facing challenges
in the event of a tsunami. Tsunamis are life threatening events.
Responders Responders face similar risks as the general public but a heightened potential for life-
threatening rescue missions if buildings are not structurally sound or if water depth is
unknown.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
Operations would likely be disrupted as a result of damages to buildings, roads,
transportation infrastructure, communications infrastructure, utilities, and other key
lifelines, making it difficult for emergency response efforts in the area.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Many structures and critical infrastructure would be severely damaged from the force
of the water and flooding effects.
Environment The coast, beaches, mangroves, etc. could be altered.
Economic Condition of
the Jurisdiction
Many businesses would be damaged and forced to close causing loss of revenue and
loss of jobs.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s
Governance
As with other hazards, public confidence could be affected by the speed of response
and recovery efforts.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes tsunami hazard risk by jurisdiction. Tsunami hazard is
not expected to change much by jurisdiction. Impact would be less severe further inland,
therefore Seminole Tribe Immokalee Reservation was given a lower impact rating than
the rest of the planning area.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 1 2 3 3 2 2.0 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
1 1 3 3 2 1.7 L
Marco Island 1 2 3 3 2 2.0 M
Naples 1 2 3 3 2 2.0 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 1 2 3 3 2 2.0 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.12 MAJOR TRANSPORTATION INCIDENTS
HAZARD BACKGROUND
Collier County depends on several key bridges, roads, and ferry crossings for access and
services. This infrastructure is integral to the functioning of the communities in the
planning area and would cause major disruptions should they become inaccessible.
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Damage to any of this infrastructure could result from most of the natural and human-
caused hazards described in this plan. In addition to a secondary or cascading impact
from another primary hazard, infrastructure can fail as a result of faulty equipment, lack
of maintenance, degradation over time, or accidental dam age such as a barge colliding
with a bridge support.
Building and construction standards along with regular inspection and maintenance can
provide a degree of certainty as to the capacity of infrastructure to withstand some
damages. However, accidental damage is unpredictable. Moreover, any damages that
take a road or bridge out of service will likely require significant repairs that could take
weeks or months to complete.
▪ Warning Time: 4 – Less than six hours
▪ Duration: 4 – More than one week
LOCATION
The primary transportation systems in the region are shown in Figure 2.48. The Florida
Department of Transportation (FDOT) maintains a list of bridges in Florida. According to
FDOT data as of June 2024, there are 392 bridges in Collier County, of which 223 were
built in 1989 or prior. Of these, 83 were subsequently reconstructed; however, 43
reconstructions also occurred prior to 1989. All 183 bridges built or reconstructed in 1989
or prior are listed below in Table 2.91; bridges reconstructed after 1989 are omitted from
this list. Bridges with a National Bridge Inventory (NBI) Rating of Structurally Deficient
(SD) or Functionally Obsolete (FO) are indicated. Structurally deficient bridges are those
with any component rated poor. Functionally obsolete bridges are those not built to
standards that are used today. Based on their age or condition, the b ridges listed here
may be most likely to need maintenance, repair, or replacement now or in the near future.
Aging infrastructure may also be more vulnerable to impacts from other natural or
technological hazards. Collier County and its jurisdictions are susceptible to major
transportation incidents.
Table 2.91 – Bridges Built in 1989 or Prior
Bridge
Number Structure Name Year Built
Year
Reconstructed
NBI
Rating
30007 I-75 SB OVER FIREBIRD CANAL 1965 1989
30019 SR-29 over Canal 019 1965
30022 CR 850 OVER PRIVATE CANAL 1968
30032 CR 837 / DEEP LAKE STRAND 1950
30037 US-41 / DRAINAGE CANAL 037 1970
30039 US-41 / DRAINAGE CANAL 039 1955
30042 US-41 / DRAINAGE CANAL 042 1955
30043 US-41/ DRAINAGE CANAL 043 1955
30044 US-41 /DRAINAGE CANAL 044 1955
30045 US-41 / DRAINAGE CANAL 045 1955
30046 US-41/ DRAINAGE CANAL 046 1955
30047 US-41 / DRAINAGE CANAL 047 1954
30048 US-41/ DRAINAGE CANAL 048 1955
30049 US-41/ DRAINAGE CANAL 049 1954
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Bridge
Number Structure Name Year Built
Year
Reconstructed
NBI
Rating
30050 US-41 / DRAINAGE CANAL 041 1955
30052 US-41/DRAINAGE CANAL 052 1955
30054 US-41 / DRAINAGE CANAL 054 1955
30055 US-41 / DRAINAGE CANAL 055 1955
30057 US-41 over Canal 057 1955
30058 US-41 over Canal 058 1955
30059 US-41 over Canal 059 1954
30060 US 41 over Canal 060 1950
30061 US-41 OVER CANAL 061 1952
30062 US-41 over Canal 062 1965
30063 US-41 over Canal 063 1966
30064 US-41 OVER CANAL 064 1966
30065 US-41 over Canal 065 1952
30066 US-41 over Canal 066 1952
30067 US-41 over Canal 067 1952
30068 US-41 over Canal 068 1952
30069 US-41 OVER CANAL 069 1952
30070 US-41 OVER CANAL 070 1952
30071 US-41 over Canal 071 1953
30072 US-41 over Canal 072 1952
30073 US-41 OVER CANAL 073 1952
30074 US-41 over Canal 074 1952
30075 US-41 OVER CANAL 075 1952
30076 US-41 OVER CANAL 076 1954
30077 US 41 over Canal 077 1952 1965
30078 US-41 OVER CANAL 078 1950 1965
30079 US-41 over Canal 079 1949 1965
30080 US-41 OVER CANAL 080 1955 1965
30081 US-41 over Canal 081 1953 1965
30082 US-41 over Canal 082 1954 1965
30083 US-41 over Turner River 1949 1956
30084 US-41 over Park Canal 1961
30085 US-41 over Canal 085 1954 1965
30086 US-41 over Canal 086 1955 1965
30087 US-41 over Canal 087 1949 1957
30088 US-41 over Canal 088 1949 1957
30089 US-41 over Canal 089 1954 FO
30090 US-41 over Canal 090 1956 FO
30091 US-41 over Canal 091 1949 1956
30092 US-41 over Canal 092 1941 1954 FO
30093 US-41 OVER K.S. STROUD CANAL 1949 1957
30094 US-41/NEW RIVER STRAND CANAL 1949 1957
30095 US-41 OVER BYPASS CANAL 1949 1957
30097 US-41 over Canal 097 1949 1957
30098 US-41 over Canal 098 1949 1956
30099 US-41 over Canal 099 1949 1956
30100 US-41 over Canal 100 1949 1956
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Bridge
Number Structure Name Year Built
Year
Reconstructed
NBI
Rating
30101 US-41 over Canal 101 1949 1956
30102 US-41 over Canal 102 1940 1956
30103 US-41 over Canal 103 1949 1956
30104 US-41 over Canal 104 1949 1956
30105 US-41 over Canal 105 1949 1956
30106 US-41 over Canal 106 1949 1956
30107 US-41 over Canal 107 1949 1956
30108 US-41 over Canal 108 1949 1956
30109 US-41 over Canal 109 1949 1956
30110 US-41 over Canal 110 1949 1956
30111 US-41 over Canal 111 1950 1956
30112 US-41 over Canal 112 1951 1956
30113 US-41 over Canal 113 1951 1956
30114 US-41 over Canal 114 1949 1956
30115 US-41 over Canal 115 1949 1956
30116 US-41 over Canal 116 1949 1956
30117 US-41 over Canal 117 1949 1956
30122 CR-29 OVER BARRON RIVER 1964
30142 SR-82 over Canal 142 1950 1979
30143 SR-82 over Canal 143 1950 1979
30145 US41NB/FAKA UNION CANAL 1969
30146 US-41 SB/FAHKA UNION CANAL 1969
30147 CR-841 OVER HALFWAY CREEK 1971
30148 JUDGE JOLLEY MEMORIAL 1969
30149 BLUEBILL AVE / NAPLES PARK CANAL 1969
30150 CR-858/FAKA UNION CANAL 1966 FO
30157 CR-837 OVER FAKAHATCHEE STRAND 1955
30165 CR-837 / DEEP LAKE STRAND 1959
30166 CR 839 / COPELAND PRAIRIE 1960
30168 CR 839 / EAST HINSON MARSH 1962
30169 CR 839 / EAST HINSON MARSH 1962
30172 GOLDEN GATE PKWY/GORDON RIVER 1963
30174 CR-951/BIG CYPRESS BASIN CANAL 1973 1984
30181 US-41 OVER DUNRUSS CREEK 1974
30184 GOODLAND BRIDGE/STAN GOBER MEMORIA 1975
30185 AIRPORT PULLING ROAD/BIG CYPRESS BASI 1978 FO
30186 CR-31 OVER ROCK CREEK 1979 FO
30194 US-41 OVER GATOR HOLE 1976
30195 I-75 NB OVER SR-951 1984 FO
30196 I-75 SB OVER SR-951 1984 FO
30207 N COLLIER BLVD OVER CLAM BAY 1979
30210 W PLANTATION PKWY OVER EVERGLADES 1985
30211 SR-29 over Canal 211 1986
30212 SR-29 over Canal 212 1986
30213 SR-29 over Canal 213 1986
30221 I-75 SB/PENNINGTON CAMP 1989
30222 I-75 NB/PENNINGTON CAMP 1989
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Bridge
Number Structure Name Year Built
Year
Reconstructed
NBI
Rating
30223 I-75 NB OVER KOJAK CREEK 1989
30224 I-75 SB OVER WEST HINTON 1989
30225 I-75 NB OVER WEST HINTON 1989
30226 I-75 SB/ FAKAHATCHE 1989
30227 I-75 NB/FAKAHATCHEE STRA 1989
30228 I-75 SB OVR SALT PRAIRIE 1989
30229 I-75 NB OVR SALT PRAIRIE 1989
30230 I-75 NB OVER NUNYA CREEK 1989
30231 I-75 SB / SLOANS CROSS 1989
30232 I-75NB / SLOANS CROSSING WC 10 1989
30233 I-75 NB OVER FIREBIRD CANAL 1989
30234 I-75SB / SHANNAS CROSSING WC 12 1989
30235 I-75 NB/SHANNAS CROSSING WC 12 1989
30290 SR-84 (DAVIS BLVD) OVER CANAL 1988
30920 US-41 over Canal 920 1971
30940 US-41 over Canal 940 1955
30941 US-41 over Canal 941 1955
30951 US-41 over Canal 951 1954
34006 STEWART BLVD/PICAYUNE STRAND 1967
34008 STEWART BLVD/DRAINAGE CANAL 1967
34011 TROPICANA BLVD NB/TROPICANA CANAL 1978 SD
34012 SW 25TH AVE / CR-951 CANAL 1965
34014 GREEN BLVD/GOLDEN GATE CANAL 1960 FO
34017 TROPICANA BLVD SB/TROPICANA CANAL 1978
34019 32ND AVE SW OVER SHELL CANAL 1965
34030 GOLDEN GATE BLVD/FAKA UNION CANAL 1965
34032 WILSON BLVD/CYPRESS CANAL 1960
34036 CYPRESS WAY / COCOHATCHEE CNL 1966
34042 18TH AVE NE/GOLDEN GATE CANAL 1965
34044 18TH AVE NE/GOLDEN GATE DRAIN CANAL 1965
34048 RANDALL BLVD/GOLDEN GATE MAIN CANAL 1965 FO
34050 RANDALL BLVD/FAKA UNION CANAL 1965
34052 43RD AV NE/FAKA UNION CANAL 1965
34054 56TH AVE NE/CIA DRAIN CANAL 1965
34102 CORONADO PKWY EB/CORONADO CANAL 1972 FO
34103 CORONADO PKWY WB/CORONADO CANAL 1967 FO
34105 SUNSHINE BLVD/GREEN CANAL 1967
34106 20TH PLACE SW OVER HUNTER CANAL 1967
34107 SUNSET RD/SUNSHINE CANAL 1980
34108 18TH AVE SW OVER GREEN CANAL 1968
34111 PALM DRIVE OVER CANAL 1962
34112 CAXAMBAS COURT OVER ROBERTS BAY 1973 SD
34113 WINTERBERRY DRIVE OVER SMOKEHOUSE 1967 FO
34116 GOLDENROD AVE OVER SMOKEHOUSE BAY 1972 SD
34117 KENDALL DR OVER CLAM BAY 1972
34118 HERNANDO DR OVER CLAM BAY 1972
34119 BLACKMORE CT OVER CLAM BAY 1972 SD
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Bridge
Number Structure Name Year Built
Year
Reconstructed
NBI
Rating
34120 KENDALL DR OVER COLLIER BAY 1972
34122 TED CURCIE RD OVER DRAINAGE CANAL 1967
34126 SANDHILL ST OVER TIDAL CANAL 1986 SD
34127 SOUTH SEAS COURT OVER TIDAL 1986 SD
34133 CR-896 OVER GORDON CANAL 1983
34135 TOWER RD OVER EAGLE CREEK 1983
40004 CR-761 OVER PEACE RIVER 1959 FO
40005 BROWNVILLE RD OVER PEACE 1964
40009 CUBITIS AVE OVER MARE BRANCH 1936
40010 CR-760 OVER PEACE RIVER 1967 FO
40012 CR-763 OVER HOG BAY CRK 1955
40013 CR-763 OVER ROCHELLE CREEK 1958
40015 CR-763 OVER STREAM 1958 1989
40022 CR-769 OVER HORSE CREEK 1959 FO
40024 SR-70 OVER WHIDDEN CREEK 1960 FO
40025 CR-761 OVER PEACE RIVER 1959 FO
40026 NW BROWNVILLE RD OVER PEACE RELIEF 1964
40027 SR-70 OVER JOSHUA CREEK 1959 FO
40029 CR-760 OVER MUDDY CREEK 1967 FO
40030 CR-769 OVER DEBORAHS CR 1960
40031 SR-70 OVER TIGER BAY 1959 1979
40032 SR-70 OVER MOSSY GULLY 1959
40033 SR-70 OVER DCI CANAL 1959
40035 SR-31 OVER PIERCE WOOD CREEK 1956
40036 SR-31 OVER HOG BAY CREEK 1970
40037 SR-70 OVER LONG POINT MARSH 1959
40043 CR-661A OVER MUELLER CREEK 1960 SD
40044 CR-661 OVER BUNKER CREEK 1979 SD
30007 I-75 SB OVER FIREBIRD CANAL 1965 1989
30019 SR-29 over Canal 019 1965
30022 CR 850 OVER PRIVATE CANAL 1968
30032 CR 837 / DEEP LAKE STRAND 1950
30037 US-41 / DRAINAGE CANAL 037 1970
30039 US-41 / DRAINAGE CANAL 039 1955
30042 US-41 / DRAINAGE CANAL 042 1955
30043 US-41/ DRAINAGE CANAL 043 1955
30044 US-41 /DRAINAGE CANAL 044 1955
30045 US-41 / DRAINAGE CANAL 045 1955
Source: Florida Department of Transportation, June 2024
Bridges rated as structurally deficient are listed in
Table 2.92 along with their current average daily traffic.
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Table 2.92 – Structurally Deficient Bridges in Collier County
Bridge Number Structure Name Average Daily Traffic
34011 TROPICANA BLVD NB/TROPICANA CANAL 580
34112 CAXAMBAS COURT OVER ROBERTS BAY 380
34116 GOLDENROD AVE OVER SMOKEHOUSE BAY 640
34119 BLACKMORE CT OVER CLAM BAY 1,100
34126 SANDHILL ST OVER TIDAL CANAL 620
34127 SOUTH SEAS COURT OVER TIDAL 550
40043 CR-661A OVER MUELLER CREEK 1,070
40044 CR-661 OVER BUNKER CREEK 950
Source: Florida Department of Transportation, June 2024
Per the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, the number of bridges rated as being in “poor”
or “good” condition has slightly decreased over the last decade, while the number of
bridges in “fair” condition has risen. According to the American Society of Civil Engineers,
more than half a million daily crossings occur over 400 bridges across Florida that have
been categorized as structurally deficient. As of June 2022, data from the Federal
Highway Administration indicates that there are 4 bridges in poor cond ition in Collier
County and 74 bridges in fair condition.
Spatial Extent: 2 – Small
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Figure 2.48 – Key Transportation Routes in the Planning Area
Source: Collier County
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EXTENT
The significance of any transportation infrastructure failure will vary depending on the
location and nature of the infrastructure itself. The loss of a local road may have only
minor impacts limited to the immediate area. However, the loss of a major highway or key
bridge could cause significant disruption across the Region. Depending on time of day
and the onset of the failure, significant casualties are also possible: the 1967 Silver Bridge
collapse between Point Pleasant, West Virginia and Gallipolis, Ohio and the 1980
Sunshine Skyway Bridge collapse outside St. Petersburg, Florida killed 46 and 35 people
respectively. If a bridge or key route were closed or failed during a hurricane evacuation,
it could put thousands of residents and visitors at risk.
According to a report published by The National Transportation Research Group known
as TRIP, approximately $1.1 trillion worth of goods and commodities are shipped to and
from the state of Florida every year. The majority of these goods are carried by trucks
using the state’s highway system. In addition to casualties, the conditions of highways
and local roadways could impact the accessibility for goods to be transported by trucks
that are deemed necessary for residents living in the region.
▪ Impact: 3 – Critical
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
A 2014 analysis of bridge failure rates by Dr. Wesley Cook of Utah State University found
that an average of 128 bridges collapse every year in the U.S.; 53% of bridges that
collapsed had been rated as structurally deficient prior to their collapse. Only 4 % of bridge
collapses resulted in loss of life.
In 2022, a review of statistical characteristics of bridge failures was conducted by a
Highway Research Center at Chang’an University and found that design error,
construction mistakes, hydraulic, collision, and overload are the top 5 leading causes of
bridge failures.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
The likelihood of a major transportation infrastructure failure occurring in Collier County
is difficult to quantify. The continuing age and deterioration of America’s transportation
infrastructure, coupled with increasing traffic and declining public investment in
maintaining our infrastructure, indicate that road and bridge failures are likely to be more
common in future decades than they have in the past.
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) released their most recent Report Card
for America’s Infrastructure in 2021 giving the U.S an overall grade of “C-” on
infrastructure conditions. Meanwhile, the state of Florida received an overall grade of “C.”
As of May 2024, 32% of Florida’s major roads are in poor or mediocre condition. Driving
on deteriorated roads causes an extra $570 a year to each Floridian driver.
▪ Probability: 2 – Possible
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CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change could cause more major infrastructure incidents in some cases. As sea
level rises, bridges may be more vulnerable to flooding or scour, roads could be flooded
as well, and other types of transportation could be hindered.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
The impacts of transportation failures vary widely by the type of system, as well as the
time of day and season of the failure.
METHODOLOGIES AND ASSUMPTIONS
Vulnerability to transportation infrastructure failures was assessed based on past
occurrences nationally and internationally as well as publicly available information on
infrastructure vulnerability.
PEOPLE
People can be injured or killed during transportation infrastructure failures. As noted
above, the U.S. averages five fatality-causing bridge collapses per year, although data
on the number of fatalities involved was not available. Numbers of non -fatal injuries was
also not available.
Aside from direct injuries and fatalities, transportation failures can result in significant
losses of time and money as individuals and commercial shipments are detoured or
blocked. Disruption of transportation systems can limit the ability of emergency s ervices
and utility work crews to reach affected areas and can put some members of the public
at severe risk if they are unable to reach needed medical services, such as dialysis
patients. In extreme cases, a transportation failure could leave residents stranded without
power, food, or other emergency supplies.
• Population Patterns:
o Population growth near major roadways and transportation hubs increases
risk exposure.
o Higher population concentration in areas with limited public transportation
options, increasing road traffic.
o Vulnerable populations, such as schoolchildren and seniors, are more
exposed during incidents near transit hubs.
o Underserved Populations: Low-income residents relying on public
transportation may be more affected by incidents causing service
disruptions. Underserved communities living near major highways may also
be more exposed to transportation-related accidents.
PROPERTY
The primary property damage from transportation infrastructure failures is to the
infrastructure itself, as well as to privately-owned automobiles.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
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o Growth in commercial and logistics hubs, increasing the volume of freight
traffic.
o Development of new housing near transportation corridors without
adequate buffer zones.
o Expansion of urban centers requiring new transit systems and emergency
access routes.
ENVIRONMENT
Transportation infrastructure failures can result in oil spills or other hazardous materials
releases that can severely impact the environment in the surrounding area.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.93 summarizes the potential consequences of a transportation infrastructure
failure.
Table 2.93 – Consequence Analysis – Transportation Infrastructure Failure
Category Consequences
Public Potential injuries and fatalities.
Responders Potential injuries and fatalities, as well as potentially significant delays to
response times.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued Delivery
of Services)
Loss of key roads or bridges can affect delivery of services.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
In addition to the loss of transportation infrastructure itself, sustained road closure
can impact supply chain deliveries to other critical facilities.
Environment Potential for oil spills or other hazardous materials releases.
Economic Condition of the
Jurisdiction Delays in movement of commuters, as well as good and services
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
Can cause loss of confidence in government’s ability to maintain other critical
infrastructure
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes major transportation incident risk by jurisdiction. Risk
does not vary substantially between jurisdictions.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 2 3 1 4 4 2.5 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
2 3 1 4 4 2.5 M
Marco Island 2 3 1 4 4 2.5 M
Naples 2 3 1 4 4 2.5 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 2 3 1 4 4 2.5 M
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*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.13 PANDEMIC OUTBREAK
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
Public health emergencies can take many forms—disease epidemics, large-scale
incidents of food or water contamination, or extended periods without adequate water and
sewer services. There can also be harmful exposure to chemical, radiological, or
biological agents, and largescale infestations of disease-carrying insects or rodents. The
first part of this section focuses on emerging public health concerns and potential
pandemics, while the second part addresses natural and human -caused air and water
pollution.
Public health emergencies can occur as primary events by themselves, or they may be
secondary to another disaster or emergency, such as tornado, flood, or hazardous
material incident. For more information on those particular incidents, see Sections 2.5.2
(Severe Storms and Tornadoes), 2.5.1 (Flood), and 2.5.14 (Hazardous Materials). The
common characteristic of most public health emergencies is that they adversely impact,
or have the potential to adversely impact, many people. Public health emergencies can
be worldwide or localized in scope and magnitude.
The Florida Department of Health in Collier County has partnered with Collier Emergency
Management and the local Red Cross chapter to plan and prepare for public health
emergencies. The Department of Health provides resources and guidance in support of
business, community, faith-based organization, health care provider, and individual
preparedness.
The primary communicable, or infectious, disease addressed within this plan is influenza:
Influenza - Whether natural or manmade, health officials say the threat of a dangerous
new strain of influenza (flu) virus in pandemic proportions is a very real possibility in the
years ahead. Unlike most illnesses, the flu is especially dangerous because it is sp read
through the air. A classic definition of influenza is a respiratory infection with fever. Each
year, flu infects humans and spreads around the globe. There are three types of influenza
virus: Types A, B, and C. Type A is the most common, most severe, and the primary
cause of flu epidemics. Type B cases occur sporadically and sometimes as regional or
widespread epidemics. Type C cases are quite rare and hence sporadic, but localized
outbreaks have occurred. Seasonal influenza usually is treatab le, and the mortality rate
remains low. Each year, scientists estimate which strain of flu is likely to spread, and they
create a vaccine to combat it. A flu pandemic occurs when the virus suddenly changes or
mutates and undergoes an ―antigenic shift, perm itting it to attach to a person’s
respiratory system and leave the body’s immune system defenseless against the invader.
Additional diseases of public health concern include tuberculosis, Smallpox, St. Louis
Encephalitis, Meningitis, Lyme disease, West Nile, SARS, Zika, and Ebola. These
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communicable diseases are introduced within this plan, but full vulnerability analyses are
not included at this time.
Tuberculosis - Tuberculosis, or TB, is the leading cause of infectious disease worldwide.
It is caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis that most often affects the
lungs. TB is an airborne disease spread by coughing or sneezing from one person to
another. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that one -third of the world's
population, approximately two billion people, has latent TB, which means people have
been infected by TB bacteria but are not yet ill with the disease and cannot tr ansmit the
disease. In 2022, an estimated 10.6 million people fell ill with TB and 1.3 million died from
the disease (including 167,000 people with HIV). Over 80% of TB deaths occur in low-
and middle- income countries.
Smallpox - Smallpox is a contagious, sometimes fatal, infectious disease. There is no
specific treatment for smallpox disease, and the only prevention is vaccination. Smallpox
is caused by the variola virus that emerged in human populations thousands of years ago.
It is generally spread by face- to-face contact or by direct contact with infected bodily
fluids or contaminated objects (such as bedding or clothing). A person with smallpox is
sometimes contagious with onset of fever, but the person becomes most contagious with
the onset of rash. The rash typically develops into sores that spread over all parts of the
body. The infected person remains contagious until the last smallpox scab is gone.
Smallpox outbreaks have occurred periodically for thousands of y ears, but the disease is
now largely eradicated after a worldwide vaccination program was implemented. After the
disease was eliminated, routine vaccination among the general public was stopped. The
last case of smallpox in the United States was in 1949.
St. Louis Encephalitis - In the United States, the leading type of epidemic flaviviral
Encephalitis is St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), which is transmitted by mosquitoes that
become infected by feeding on birds infected with the virus. SLE is the most common
mosquito-transmitted pathogen in the United States. There is no evidence to suggest
that the virus can be spread from person to person.
Meningitis - Meningitis is an infection of fluid that surrounds a person’s spinal cord and
brain. High fever, headache, and stiff neck are common symptoms of meningitis, which
can develop between several hours to one to two days after exposure. Meningitis can be
caused by either a viral or bacterial infection; however, a correct diagnosis is critically
important, because treatments for the two varieties differ. Meningitis is transmitted
through direct contact with respiratory secretions from an infected car rier. Primary risk
groups include infants and young children, household contact with patients, and refugees.
In the United States, periodic outbreaks continue to occur, particularly among adolescents
and young adults. About 2,600 people in the United States get the disease each year.
Generally, 10 to 14 percent of cases are fatal, and 11 to 19 percent of those who recover
suffer from permanent hearing loss, mental retardation, loss of limbs, or other serious
effects. Two vaccines are available in the United States.
Lyme Disease - Lyme disease was named after the town of Lyme, Connecticut, where
an unusually large frequency of arthritis-like symptoms was observed in children in 1977.
It was later found that the problem was caused by bacteria transmitted to humans by
infected deer ticks, causing an estimated 300,000 new cases of Lyme disease in the
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United States each year (however, the disease is greatly under-reported). Lyme disease
bacteria are not transmitted from person to person. Following a tick bite, 80 percent of
patients develop a red ―bullseye rash accompanied by tiredness, fever, headache, stiff
neck, muscle aches, and joint pain. If untreated, some patients may develop arthritis,
neurological abnormalities, and cardiac problems, weeks to months later. Lyme disease
is rarely fatal. During early stages of the disease, oral antibiotic treatment is generally
effective, while intravenous treatment may be required in more severe cases.
West Nile Virus - West Nile virus is a flavivirus spread by infected mosquitoes and is
commonly found in Africa, West Asia, and the Middle East. It was first documented in the
United States in 1999. Although it is not known where the U.S. virus originated, it most
closely resembles strains found in the Middle East. It is closely related to St. Louis
encephalitis and can infect humans, birds, mosquitoes, horses, and other mammals.
Most people who become infected with West Nile virus will have either no symptoms or
only mild effects. However, on rare occasions, the infection can result in severe and
sometimes fatal illness. There is no evidence to suggest that the virus can be spread from
person to person.
An abundance of dead birds in an area may indicate that West Nile virus is circulating
between the birds and mosquitoes in that area. Although birds are particularly susceptible
to the virus, most infected birds survive. The continued expansion of West Nile virus in
the United States indicates that it is permanently established in the Western Hemisphere.
Coronaviruses – Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses found in both animals and
humans and are known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe
diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS), and Novel Coronavirus (COVID- 19). Coronaviruses can cause
respiratory infections and can lead to serious illnesses, like pneumonia, and can be
deadly. Typical coronavirus symptoms include fever, cough, headache, runny nose, and
sore throat. MERS was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and spread to more than 25
countries. It produced symptoms that often progressed to pneumonia and 30 -40 percent
of cases were fatal. SARS emerged in 2002 and spread to more than two dozen countries.
It caused acute respiratory distress and had a mortality rate of about 10 percent.
The most significant recent coronavirus, COVID-19, first emerged in Wuhan, China in
2019 and rapidly spread across the world. According to CDC data, as of February 2022,
there had been over 78.5 million cases of COVID -19 reported in the United States.
COVID-19 spreads when an infected person breathes out droplets and very small
particles that contain the virus. These droplets and particles can be breathed in by other
people or land on their eyes, noses, or mouth. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness
of breath, fatigue, loss of taste and smell, and more. Symptoms range from mild to severe
illness and typically appear between 2-14 days after exposure to the virus.
Zika Virus - Discovered in the Zika forest of Uganda in 1947, the Zika virus is a member
of the flavivirus family. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Aedes
species mosquito (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). Zika virus can also be transmitted
from an infected pregnant woman to her baby during pregnancy and can result in serious
birth defects, including microcephaly. Less commonly, the virus can be spread through
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intercourse or blood transfusion. However, most people infected with the Zika virus do
not become sick.
Ebola - Previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly disease
caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species. It was first discovered in 1976
near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Since then,
outbreaks have appeared sporadically in Africa.
▪ Warning Time: 1 – More than 24 hours
▪ Duration: 4 – More than one week
LOCATION
Infectious disease outbreaks can occur anywhere in the planning area, especially where
there are groups of people in close quarters. Collier County and its jurisdictions are
susceptible to pandemic outbreaks.
▪ Spatial Extent: 3 – Moderate
EXTENT
When on an epidemic scale, diseases can lead to high infection rates in the population
causing isolation, quarantine, and potential mass fatalities. An especially severe influenza
pandemic or other major disease outbreak could lead to high levels of illnes s, death,
social disruption, and economic loss. Impacts could range from school and business
closings to the interruption of basic services such as public transportation, health care,
and the delivery of food and essential medicines.
Table 2.94 describes the World Health Organization’s six main phases to a pandemic flu
as part of their planning guidance.
Table 2.94 – World Health Organization's Pandemic Flu Phases
Phase Description
1 No animal influenza virus circulating among animals have been reported to cause infection in
humans.
2 An animal influenza virus circulating in domesticated or wild animals is known to have caused
infection in humans and is therefore considered a specific potential pandemic threat.
3
An animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus has caused sporadic cases or small clusters
of disease in people but has not resulted in human-to-human transmission sufficient enough to
sustain community-level breakouts.
4 Human-to-human transmission of an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus able to
sustain community-level breakouts has been verified.
5 The same identified virus has caused sustained community-level outbreaks in two or more countries
in one WHO region.
6 In addition to the criteria defined in Phase 5, the same virus has caused sustained community -level
outbreaks in at least one other country in another WHO region.
Post-Peak
Period
Levels of pandemic influenza in most countries with adequate surveillance have dropped below peak
levels.
Post-
Pandemic
Period
Levels of influenza activity have returned to levels seen for seasonal influenza in most countries with
adequate surveillance.
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Source: World Health Organization
▪ Impact: 3 – Critical
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES – INFLUENZA PANDEMICS
Since the early 1900s, five lethal pandemics have swept the globe: Spanish Flu of 1918 -
1919; Asian Flu of 1957-1958; Hong Kong Flu of 1968-1969; Swine Flu of 2009-2010;
and COVID-19 of 2019 to present. The Spanish Flu was the most severe pandemic in
recent history. The number of deaths was estimated to be 50-100 million worldwide and
675,000 in the United States. Its primary victims were mostly young, healthy adults. The
1957 Asian Flu pandemic killed about 70,000 people in the United States, mostly the
elderly and chronically ill. The 1968 Hong Kong Flu pandemic killed 34,000 Americans.
The 2009 Swine Flu caused 12,469 deaths in the United States. As of March 2022, the
COVID – 19 pandemic has caused over 947,000 deaths in the U.S. and over 5.9 million
death globally. These historic pandemics are further defined in the following paragraphs
along with several “pandemic scares”.
SPANISH FLU (H1N1 VIRUS) OF 1918-1919
In 1918, when World War I was in its fourth year, another threat began that rivaled the
war itself as the greatest killer in human history. The Spanish Flu swept the world in three
waves during a two-year period, beginning in March 1918 with a relatively m ild assault.
The first reported case occurred at Camp Funston (Fort Riley), Kansas, where 60,000
soldiers trained to be deployed overseas. Within four months, the virus traversed the
globe, as American soldiers brought the virus to Europe. The first wave sickened
thousands of people and caused many deaths (46 died at Camp Funston), but it was
considered mild compared to what was to come. The second and deadliest wave struck
in the autumn of 1918 and killed millions. At Camp Funston alone, there were 14,000
cases and 861 deaths reported during the first three weeks of October 1918.
Outbreaks caused by a new variant exploded almost simultaneously in many locations
including France, Sierra Leone, Boston, and New York City, where more than 20,000
people died that fall. The flu gained its name from Spain, which was one of the hardest
hit countries. From there, the flu went through the Middle East and around the world,
eventually returning to the United States along with the troops.
Of the 57,000 Americans who died in World War I, 43,000 died as a result of the Spanish
Flu. At one point, more than 10 percent of the American workforce was bedridden. By a
conservative estimate, a fifth of humans suffered the fever and aches of influenza
between 1918 and 1919 and 20 million people died. The Spanish Flu came to Tampa
Bay, Florida at the end of September 1918, and within a month killed 2,712 Floridians.
The state lost a total of 4,000 citizens that year while those who initially survived would
die later from pneumonia as their bodies were weakened by the physical impacts of the
Spanish Flu.
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ASIAN FLU (H2N2 VIRUS) OF 1957-1958
This influenza pandemic was first identified in February 1957 in the Far East. Unlike the
Spanish Flu, the 1957 virus was quickly identified, and vaccine production began in May
1957. Several small outbreaks occurred in the United States during the summer of 1957,
with infection rates highest among school children, young adults, and pregnant women;
however, the elderly had the highest rates of death. A second wave of infections occurred
early the following year, which is typical of many pandemics.
HONG KONG FLU (H3N2 VIRUS) OF 1968-1969
This influenza pandemic was first detected in early 1968 in Hong Kong. The first cases in
the United States were detected in September 1968, although widespread illness did not
occur until December. This became the mildest pandemic of the twentieth century , with
those over the age of 65 the most likely to die. People infected earlier by the Asian Flu
virus may have developed some immunity against the Hong Kong Flu virus. Also, this
pandemic peaked during school holidays in December, limiting student -related infections.
Pandemic Flu Threats: Swine Flu of 1976, Russian Flu of 1977, and Avian Flu of 1997
and 1999
Three notable flu scares occurred in the twentieth century. In 1976, a swine -type influenza
virus appeared in a U.S. military barracks (Fort Dix, New Jersey). Scientists determined
it was an antigenically drifted variant of the feared 1918 virus. Fortunate ly, a pandemic
never materialized, although the news media made a significant argument about the need
for a Swine Flu vaccine.
In May 1977, influenza viruses in northern China spread rapidly and caused epidemic
disease in children and young adults. By January 1978, the virus, subsequently known
as the Russian Flu, had spread around the world, including the United States. A vaccine
was developed for the virus for the 1978 –1979 flu season. Because illness occurred
primarily in children, this was not considered a true pandemic.
In March 1997, scores of chickens in Hong Kong’s rural New Territories began to die—
6,800 on three farms alone. The Avian Flu virus was especially virulent and made an
unusual jump from chickens to humans. At least 18 people were infected, and six died in
the outbreak. Chinese authorities acted quickly to exterminate over one million chickens
and successfully prevented further spread of the disease. In 1999, a new avian flu virus
appeared. The new virus caused illness in two children in Hong Kong. Neither of these
avian flu viruses started pandemics.
SWINE FLU (H1N1 VIRUS) OF 2009–2010
This influenza pandemic emerged from Mexico in 2009. The first U.S. case of H1N1, or
Swine Flu, was diagnosed on April 15, 2009. The U.S. government declared H1N1 a
public health emergency on April 26. By June, approximately 18,000 cases of H1N1 had
been reported in the United States. A total of 74 countries were affected by the pandemic.
The CDC estimates that 43 million to 89 million people were infected with H1N1 between
April 2009 and April 2010. There were an estimated 8,870 to 18,300 H1N1 related deaths.
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On August 10, 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an end to the global
H1N1 flu pandemic.
CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19), 2019-2024
COVID-19 was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-
2). First identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the virus quickly spread throughout
China and then globally. In the United States, COVID-19 was first identified in late January
in Washington State and rapidly spread throughout the Country, with large epicenters on
both the east and west coasts. On March 13, 2020 the U.S. enters a nationwide
emergency and by March 15, 2020 U.S. states begin to shut down to prevent the spr ead
of COVID-19. Almost a year later the U.S. has administered over 100 million vaccinations.
In June 2021 the first major variant, the Delta variant, becomes dominant in the U.S.
which kicks off a third wave of infections during the summer of 2021. By Dec ember 20,
2021, Omicron, the second and most dominant variant in the U.S., had been detected in
most U.S. states and territories. The Omicron variant spread more easily than the original
virus that caused COVID-19 and the Delta variant.
According to the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, from the start of the
pandemic to March 2023, there were over 103 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 in
the U.S. resulting in over 1.1 million deaths. In Florida, there were over 7.5 million cases
and 86,850 deaths due to COVID-19. Johns Hopkins stopped collecting data as of March
10, 2023. The COVID-19 virus has transitioned to endemic but maintains dual
seasonality, with cases peaking twice a year.
PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES – OTHER PANDEMICS
ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS, 1964-2005
Between 1964 and 2005, there were 4,651 confirmed cases of SLE in the United States.
In 1990 alone, there were 223 cases in Florida. It should be noted, however, that less
than 1 percent of SLE infections are clinically apparent, so most infections remain
undiagnosed. Illnesses range from mild headaches and fever to convulsions, coma, and
paralysis. The last major outbreak of SLE occurred in the Midwest from 1974 to 1977,
when over 2,500 cases were reported in 35 states. The most recent outbreak of St. Louis
encephalitis was in 1999 in New Orleans, Louisiana, with 20 reported cases. The disease
is generally milder in children than in adults, with the elderly at highest risk for severe
illness and death. Approximately 3 to 30 percent of cases are fatal; no vaccine against
SLE exists. In 2014, two U.S. cases were reported and were the first human cases since
2002.
MENINGITIS, 1996-1997, 2005
During 1996 and 1997, 213,658 cases of meningitis were reported, along with 21,830
deaths, in Africa. Between 2005 and 2014, Florida reported 354 cases of meningitis. In
2022, 68 total cases were reported in Florida with 41 cases reported in 2023.
LYME DISEASE, 2015
In the United States, Lyme disease is mostly found in the northeastern, mid -Atlantic, and
upper north-central regions, and in several counties in northwestern California. In 20 19,
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93-percent of confirmed Lyme Disease cases were reported from 14 states: Connecticut,
Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Lyme
disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States.
According to the CDC, recent estimates based on insurance records suggest that
approximately 476,000 Americans are diagnosed and treated with Lyme disease each
year. This disease does not occur nationwide and is concentrated heavily in the northeast
and upper Midwest. In 2022, Collier County had 3 probable cases of Lyme Disease and
zero confirmed cases.
SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME, 2003
During November 2002-July 2003, a total of 8,098 probable SARS cases were reported
to the World Health Organization (WHO) from 29 countries. In the United States, only 8
cases had laboratory evidence of infection. There were no confirmed cases in Florida.
Since July 2003, when SARS transmission was declared contained, active global
surveillance for SARS disease has detected no person-to-person transmission. CDC has
therefore archived the case report summaries for the 2003 outbreak.
ZIKA VIRUS, 2015
In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization issued an alert noting the first
confirmed case of a Zika virus infection in Brazil. Since that time, Brazil and other Central
and South America countries and territories, as well as the Caribbean, Puerto R ico, and
the U.S. Virgin Islands have experienced ongoing Zika virus transmission. In August
2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued guidance for people
living in or traveling to a 1-square-mile area in Miami, Florida, identified by the Florida
Department of Health as having mosquito -borne spread of Zika. In October 2016, the
transmission area was expanded to include a 4.5-square-mile area of Miami Beach and
a 1-squre mile area of Miami-Dade County. In addition, all Miami-Dade County was
identified as a cautionary area with an unspecified level of risk. As of the end of 2018, the
CDC reported 74 cases of Zika across the United States. As of September 2024, there
are no current local transmission of Zika virus in the continental U.S. or territories. The
last cases of local Zika transmission by mosquitos in the continental U.S. were in Florida
and Texas in 2016-17 and no reported cases from U.S. territories since 2019.
EBOLA, 2014-2016
Most recently, in March 2014, West Africa experienced the largest outbreak of Ebola in
history. Widespread transmission was found in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea with
the number of cases totaling 28,616 and the number of deaths totaling 11,310. In the
United States, four cases of Ebola were confirmed in 2014 including a medical aid worker
returning to New York from Guinea, two healthcare workers at Texas Presbyterian
Hospital who provided care for a diagnosed patient, and the diagnosed patient who
traveled to Dallas, Texas from Liberia. All three healthcare workers recovered. The
diagnosed patient passed away in October 2014. In March 2016, the WHO terminated
the public health emergency for the Ebola outbreak in West Africa.
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PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
It is impossible to predict when the next pandemic will occur or its impact. The CDC
continually monitors and assesses pandemic threats and prepares for an influenza
pandemic and other outbreaks. Because the CDC cannot predict how severe a future
pandemic will be, advance planning is needed at the national, state and local level; this
planning is done through public health partnerships at the national, state and local level.
Today, a much larger percentage of the world’s population is clustered in cities, making
them ideal breeding grounds for epidemics. Additionally, the explosive growth in air travel
means the virus could literally be spread around the globe within hours. Under such
conditions, there may be very little warning time. Most experts believe we will have just
one to six months between the time that a dangerous new influenza strain is identified
and the time that outbreaks begin to occur in the United States. Outbr eaks are expected
to occur simultaneously throughout much of the nation, preventing shifts in human and
material resources that normally occur with other natural disasters. These and many other
aspects make influenza pandemic unlike any other public health emergency or
community disaster.
▪ Probability: 2 – Possible
CLIMATE CHANGE
According to the U.S. Global Change Research Program, the influences of climate
change on public health are significant and varied. The influences range from the clear
threats of temperature extremes and severe storms to less obvious connections related
to insects. Climate and weather can also affect water and food quality in particular areas,
with implications for public health.
Hot days can be unhealthy—even dangerous. High air temperatures can cause heat
stroke and dehydration and affect people’s cardiovascular and nervous systems. Florida
is heavily influenced by tropical moisture since the state is surrounded by the Atlantic
Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The heat index can get dangerously high, especially in the
summer. In recent decades, severe heat waves have killed hundreds of people across
the Southeast. Heat stress is expected to increase as climate change brings hotter
summer temperatures and more humidity. Certain people are especially vulnerable,
including children, the elderly, the sick, and the poor.
Higher temperatures and wetter conditions tend to increase mosquito and tick activity,
leading to an increased risk of zoonotic diseases. Mosquitos are known to carry diseases
such as West Nile virus (WNV), La Crosse/California encephalitis, Jamestown Cany on
virus, St. Louis encephalitis, and Eastern equine encephalitis. The two major concerns
associated with warmer and wetter conditions are that the mosquito species already
found in Florida and the diseases that they carry will become more prevalent, and t hat
new species carrying unfamiliar diseases will start to appear for the first time.
Warmer winters with fewer hard freezes in areas that already see WNV -carrying
mosquitos are likely to observe both a higher incidence of WNV and a longer WNV
season, ultimately leading to an increase in human cases. Non-native mosquito species
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may move into Florida if the climate becomes more suitable for them, bringing with them
diseases such as Jamestown Canyon virus, Chikungunya, and Dengue Fever.
Ticks are also well-known disease vectors in Florida, carrying pathogens such as Lyme
disease, anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis, Powassan virus, and Babesiosis. Warmer, wetter
weather can lead to an increase in algal blooms and declining beach health. An increase
in flood events may also be associated with an inc reased incidence of mold problems in
homes and businesses, as well as contamination of wells and surface waters due to
sewer overflows and private septic system failures.
If these predictions come true, communities must contend with the human health impacts
related to the increased prevalence of infectious diseases, heat waves, and changes in
air and water quality. Public health officials will need to focus on spreading inf ormation
and enacting pest and disease reduction. Flood prone communities will need to focus on
continuously improving flood controls and mitigation strategies, including restricting
building and chemical storage in floodplains, upgrading well and septic requirements, and
providing water testing kits to residents.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
Disease spread and mortality is affected by a variety of factors, including virulence, ease
of spread, aggressiveness of the virus and its symptoms, resistance to known antibiotics
and environmental factors. While every pathogen is different, diseases normally have the
highest mortality rate among the very young, the elderly or those with compromised
immune systems. As an example, the unusually deadly 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic
had a mortality rate of 20%. If an influenza pandemic does occur, it is likel y that many
age groups would be seriously affected. The greatest risks of hospitalization and death —
as seen during the last three pandemics in 1957, 1968, and 2019 as well as during annual
outbreaks of influenza—will be to infants, the elderly, and those with underlying health
conditions. However, in the 1918 pandemic, most deaths occurred in young adults. Few
people, if any, would have immunity to a new virus.
• Population Patterns:
o Dense population centers, especially in Naples and Marco Island, increase
vulnerability to disease spread.
o Disproportionate impacts on elderly populations residing in long-term care
facilities.
o Growing seasonal population strains healthcare resources during peak flu
and respiratory illness seasons.
o Underserved Populations: Undocumented workers and low-income
families may have limited access to healthcare services, vaccinations, and
public health information.
Approximately twenty percent of people exposed to West Nile Virus through a mosquito
bite develop symptoms related to the virus; it is not transmissible from one person to
another. Preventive steps can be taken to reduce exposure to mosquitos carrying the
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virus; these include insect repellent, covering exposed skin with clothing and avoiding the
outdoors during twilight periods of dawn and dusk, or in the evening when the mosquitos
are most active.
PROPERTY
For the most part, property itself would not be impacted by a human disease epidemic or
pandemic. However, as concerns about contamination increase, property may be
quarantined or destroyed as a precaution against spreading illness. Furthermore, staffing
shortages could affect the function of critical facilities.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Development of high-density housing complexes, increasing transmission
risks in shared spaces like public shelters used during large scale
emergencies.
o Growth of healthcare facilities in areas prone to service disruptions (e.g.,
flood zones).
o Expansion of tourism-related developments, such as hotels and resorts,
bringing transient populations to the area.
ENVIRONMENT
A widespread pandemic would not have an impact on the natural environment unless the
disease was transmissible between humans and animals. However, affected areas could
result in denial or delays in the use of some areas, and may require remediation.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.95 summarizes the potential consequences of infectious disease.
Table 2.95 – Consequence Analysis – Infectious Disease
Category Consequences
Public Adverse impact expected to be severe for unprotected personnel and
moderate to light for protected personnel.
Responders Adverse impact expected to be severe for unprotected personnel and
uncertain for trained and protected personnel, depending on the nature of the
incident.
Continuity of
Operations (including
Continued Delivery of
Services)
Danger to personnel in the area of the incident may require relocation of
operations and lines of succession execution. Disruption of lines of
communication and destruction of facilities may extensively postpone delivery
of services.
Property, Facilities
and Infrastructure
Access to facilities and infrastructure in the area of the incident may be
denied until decontamination completed.
Environment Incident may cause denial or delays in the use of some areas. Remediation
needed.
Economic Condition of
the Jurisdiction
Local economy and finances adversely affected, possibly for an extended
period.
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Category Consequences
Public Confidence in
the Jurisdiction’s
Governance
Ability to respond and recover may be questioned and challenged if planning,
response, and recovery not timely and effective.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes pandemic outbreak risk by jurisdiction. This risk is not
expected to change substantially between jurisdictions.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades
City 2 3 3 1 4 2.6 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
2 3 3 1 4 2.6 M
Marco Island 2 3 3 1 4 2.6 M
Naples 2 3 3 1 4 2.6 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 2 3 3 1 4 2.6 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.14 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
Generally, a hazardous material is a substance or combination of substances which,
because of quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics,
may either cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or serious illness.
Hazardous materials may also pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human
health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or
otherwise managed. Hazardous material incidents can occur while a hazardous
substance is stored at a fixed facility, or while the substance is being transported along a
road corridor or railroad line or via an enclosed pipeline or other linear infrastructure.
The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) all have
responsibilities relating to the transportation, storage, and use of hazardous materials and
waste. The Right to Know Network (RTK NET), maintained by the EPA’s National
Response Center (NRC), is a primary source of information on the use and storage of
hazardous materials, as well as data regarding spills and releases.
Hazardous materials are typically divided into the following classes:
• Explosives
• Compressed gases: flammable, non-flammable compressed, poisonous
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• Flammable or combustible liquids
• Flammable solids: spontaneously combustible, dangerous when wet
• Oxidizers and organic peroxides
• Toxic materials: poisonous material, infectious agents
• Radioactive material
• Corrosive material: destruction of human skin, corrodes steel
It is common to see hazardous materials releases as escalating incidents resulting from
other hazards such as floods, wildfires, and earthquakes that may cause containment
systems to fail or affect transportation infrastructure. The release of hazardous ma terials
can greatly complicate or even eclipse the response to the natural hazards disaster that
caused the spill.
FIXED HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT
A fixed hazardous materials incident is the accidental release of chemical substances or
mixtures during production or handling at a fixed facility. While these incidents can
sometimes involve large quantities of materials, their locations can be more easily
predicted and monitored.
TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT
A transportation hazardous materials incident is the accidental release of chemical
substances or mixtures during transport. Transportation Hazardous Materials Incidents in
Collier County can occur during highway or air transport. Highway accidents involving
hazardous materials pose a great potential for public exposures. Both nearby populations
and motorists can be impacted and become exposed by accidents and releases. If
airplanes carrying hazardous cargo crash, or otherwise leak contaminated cargo,
populations and the environment in the impacted area can become exposed.
PIPELINE INCIDENT
A pipeline transportation incident occurs when a break in a pipeline creates the potential
for an explosion or leak of a dangerous substance (oil, gas, etc.) possibly requiring
evacuation. An underground pipeline incident can be caused by environmental dis ruption,
accidental damage, or sabotage. Incidents can range from a small, slow leak to a large
rupture where an explosion is possible. Inspection and maintenance of the pipeline
system along with marked gas line locations and an early warning and response
procedure can lessen the risk to those near the pipelines.
▪ Warning Time: 4 – Less than six hours
▪ Duration: 2 – Less than 24 hours
LOCATION
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program run by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) maintains a database of industrial facilities across the country and the type
and quantity of toxic chemicals they release. The program also tracks pollution prevention
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activities and which facilities are reducing toxic releases. The Toxic Release Inventory
reports 13 sites reporting hazardous materials in Collier County. These sites are shown
in Figure 2.49 and detailed in Table 2.96. Collier County and all its jurisdictions are
susceptible to hazardous materials releases.
Table 2.96 – Toxic Release Inventory Facilities
Facility Name Facility Location
Allied-Signal Aerospace Co Bendix Engine Controls
Division*
3581 Mercantile Ave Naples, FL 34104
Arthrex Manufacturing, Inc.* 6875 Arthrex Commerce Drive, Ave Maria, FL 34142
Cemex East Trail 15555 East Tamiami Trail, Naples, FL 34114
Cemex Prospect 3728 Prospect Avenue, Naples, FL 34103
Cemex Wiggins Pass 1425 Wiggins Pass Road East, Naples, FL 34110
Ellipsis Inc 1901 J & C Blvd Naples, FL 33942
Interiors Cultured Marble Inc. 1734 Trade Center Way Naples, FL 34109
Naples Marble Co Inc. 3963 Progress Avenue, Naples, FL 34104
Plant 157 Naples 4406 Progress Avenue, Naples, FL 34104
Preferred Immokalee 1111 E Main St Immokalee, FL 34142
Preferred-Naples Shirley RM 6300 Shirley St Naples, FL 34109
SMI Florida Fabricators Naples 3684 Enterprise Avenue, Naples, FL 34104
Titan Florida LLC Naples Concrete Batch Plant 3596 Shaw Blvd Naples, FL 34117
Source: U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory, 2024
* This facility is listed in the TRI for two types of chemicals.
The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials
Safety Administration (PHMSA) maintains an inventory of the location of all gas
transmission and hazardous liquid pipelines as well as liquid natural gas plants and
hazardous liquid breakout tanks. Collier County has no gas transmission pipelines or
hazardous liquid pipelines as of September 2024 according to the public viewer of the
National Pipeline Mapping System.
▪ Spatial Extent: 1 – Negligible
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Figure 2.49 – Toxic Release Inventory Sites in Collier County
Source: EPA Toxic Release Inventory
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EXTENT
The magnitude of a hazardous materials incident can be defined by the material type, the
amount released, and the location of the release. The U.S. Department of Transportation
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), which records
hazardous material incidents across the country, defines a “serious incident” as a
hazardous materials incident that involves:
• A fatality or major injury caused by the release of a hazardous material
• The evacuation of 25 or more persons as a result of the release of a hazardous
material or exposure to fire
• A release or exposure to fire which results in the closure of a major transportation
artery
• The alteration of an aircraft flight plan or operation,
• The release of radioactive materials from Type B packaging
• The release of over 11.9 galls or 88.2 pounds of a severe marine pollutant
• The release of a bulk quantity (over 199 gallons or 882 pounds) of a hazardous
material
• Impact: 2 – Limited
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
The USDOT’s PHMSA maintains a database of reported hazardous materials incidents,
which are summarized below in Table 2.97. According to PHMSA records, there were 69
recorded releases in Collier County in the 24-year period from 2000 through 2023. Of
these events, 12 had serious impacts, including nine serious bulk releases; one event
flagged for serious evacuation, two minor injuries, and four events resulting in the closure
of major transportation arteries. In total, these events caused $1,701,569 in damages and
have not caused any fatalities. Approximately, 90 percent of hazardous materials
incidents within Collier County have occurred in Naples.
Table 2.97 - PHMSA Recorded Hazardous Materials Incidents, 2000 -2023
Report Number Date
Hazard
Class
Mode of
Transportation Causes of Failure
Total
Damages Serious?
I-2000040974 4/11/2000 3 Air
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
I-2000060634 6/3/2000 3 Highway $3 No
I-2001051660 10/2/2000 3 Highway Fire, Temperature, or Heat $29,000 Yes
I-2001010018 12/8/2000 8 Highway $250 Yes
I-2002010449 10/2/2001 8 Highway $510 No
I-2003010389 1/7/2002 8 Highway
Vehicular Crash or
Accident Damage $1,216 No
I-2003020222 12/20/2002 8 Highway $300 No
I-2003020221 1/26/2003 3 Highway
Rollover Accident;
Vehicular Crash or
Accident Damage $76,265 Yes
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Report Number Date
Hazard
Class
Mode of
Transportation Causes of Failure
Total
Damages Serious?
I-2003040783 3/5/2003 3 Highway
Rollover Accident;
Vehicular Crash or
Accident Damage $0 Yes
I-2003041335 3/26/2003 8 Highway $0 No
I-2006081333 7/20/2006 3 Highway
Vehicular Crash or
Accident Damage $15,390 No
E-2007050023 4/2/2007 2 Highway Overfilled $0 No
I-2007060934 5/30/2007 3 Highway Rollover Accident $553,435 Yes
E-2009110112 11/9/2009 5.2 Highway
Too Much Weight on
Package $0 No
I-2010010556 1/15/2010 2.2 Highway Dropped $0 No
I-2011020189 1/10/2011 2.1 Highway
Vehicular Crash or
Accident Damage $750,040 Yes
I-2011030068 2/23/2011 3 Highway Dropped $0 No
I-2011040485 4/19/2011 5.1 Highway Human Error $0 No
I-2011070553 7/11/2011 3 Highway Dropped $0 No
E-2012050389 4/27/2012 8 Highway Dropped $614 No
I-2012100149 9/21/2012 3 Highway Dropped $0 No
I-2013070448 6/27/2013 8 Highway
Vehicular Crash or
Accident Damage $0 Yes
I-2013080337 7/30/2013 8 Highway
Too Much Weight on
Package $0 No
E-2013100521 9/29/2013 2.1 Highway Human Error $621 No
E-2014050339 4/28/2014 2.1 Highway Over-pressurized $0 Yes
I-2015060297 5/18/2015 9 Air $0 No
I-2015100340 9/17/2015 8 Highway Human Error $229,000 Yes
I-2015120217 12/3/2015 9 Highway $0 No
X-2016050606 5/4/2016 9 Highway $0 No
X-2016050636 5/16/2016 8 Highway Dropped $0 No
I-2016100119 5/24/2016 8 Highway $0 Yes
X-2016070545 7/18/2016 2.1 Highway $0 No
X-2017070600 7/19/2017 8 Highway Dropped $0 No
X-2018050375 5/4/2018 3 Highway
Inadequate Preparation
for Transportation $0 No
X-2018060318 5/31/2018 8 Highway
Inadequate Preparation
for Transportation $0 No
E-2018120005 9/14/2018 3 Highway $5,425 No
X-2018110413 11/9/2018 5.1 Highway
Inadequate Preparation
for Transportation $0 No
X-2018120361 11/28/2018 8 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
X-2019020264 1/14/2019 5.1 Highway
Loose Closure,
Component, or Device $0 Yes
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Report Number Date
Hazard
Class
Mode of
Transportation Causes of Failure
Total
Damages Serious?
I-2019020447 1/31/2019 3 Highway
Human Error; Misaligned
Material, Component, or
Device $0 No
X-2019080015 7/13/2019 8 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
E-2019090630 7/27/2019 3 Highway $10,000 No
I-2020020071 1/11/2020 3 Highway
Vehicular Crash or
Accident Damage $29,500 Yes
X-2020080296 7/24/2020 8 Highway Human Error $0 No
X-2020080619 8/17/2020 2.2 Highway $0 No
X-2020120286 11/18/2020 5.1 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
X-2020120345 11/20/2020 3 Highway Human Error $0 No
X-2021010915 1/6/2021 2.1 Highway $0 No
X-2021020108 1/28/2021 5.1 Highway Human Error $0 No
X-2021020557 2/19/2021 5.1 Highway
Inadequate Preparation
for Transportation $0 No
X-2021120683 12/14/2021 8 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
X-2022020570 2/7/2022 3 Highway Dropped $0 No
X-2022020912 2/17/2022 3 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
X-2022040072 3/28/2022 3 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
X-2022040071 3/28/2022 3 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
X-2022040081 3/30/2022 3 Highway Dropped $0 No
X-2022040291 4/5/2022 3 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
X-2022040538 4/11/2022 3 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
X-2022040587 4/13/2022 8 Highway
Defective Component or
Device $0 No
X-2022070853 7/11/2022 2.1 Highway Dropped $0 No
X-2022081126 8/15/2022 3 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
X-2022091403 9/22/2022 2.2 Highway
Inadequate Preparation
for Transportation $0 No
X-2022110152 10/27/2022 8 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
I-2022120357 11/2/2022 8 Highway $0 No
X-2022111041 11/8/2022 8 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
X-2023020471 2/6/2023 2.2 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
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Report Number Date
Hazard
Class
Mode of
Transportation Causes of Failure
Total
Damages Serious?
X-2023020473 2/6/2023 2.2 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
X-2023040020 3/27/2023 8 Highway Human Error $0 No
X-2023110394 11/7/2023 2.2 Highway
Improper Preparation for
Transportation $0 No
Source: PHMSA Incident Reports, Office of Hazardous Materials Safety, Incident
Reports Database Search, data as of Sept 16, 2024.
The most common materials spilled in the planning area are Class 3 (Flammable and
Combustible Liquids) and Class 8 (Corrosives). Figure 2.50 describes all nine hazard
classes.
Figure 2.50 – Hazardous Materials Classes
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Based on historical occurrences recorded by PHMSA, there have been 69 hazardous
materials releases in the 24-year period from 2000 through 2023, 12 of which had serious
impacts. Using historical occurrences as an indication of future probability, there is a 50
percent annual probability of a serious hazardous materials incident occurring.
• Probability: 3 – Likely
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is not expected to impact hazardous materials incidents.
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VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
Hazardous materials incidents can cause injuries, hospitalizations, and even fatalities to
people nearby. People living near hazardous facilities and along transportation routes
may be at a higher risk of exposure, particularly those living or working down stream and
downwind from such facilities. For example, a toxic spill or a release of an airborne
chemical near a populated area can lead to significant evacuations and have a high
potential for loss of life. Individuals working with or transporting hazardo us materials are
also at heightened risk.
In addition to the immediate health impacts of releases, a handful of studies have found
long term health impacts such as increased incidence of certain cancers and birth defects
among people living near certain chemical facilities. However there has not been enough
research done on the subject to allow detailed analysis.
• Population Patterns:
o Population increases near industrial zones and major transportation
corridors.
o Expansion of neighborhoods adjacent to hazardous material facilities and
highways.
o Schools, healthcare facilities, and residential communities at greater risk
due to proximity to major routes.
o Underserved Populations: Low-income communities near industrial
zones may lack adequate emergency plans or transportation for timely
evacuation. Migrant farm worker communities may be more exposed to
hazardous materials because of the nature of their work in agriculture.
The primary economic impact of hazardous material incidents results from lost business,
delayed deliveries, property damage, and potential contamination. Large and publicized
hazardous material-related events can deter tourists and could potentially discou rage
residents and businesses. Economic effects from major transportation corridor closures
can be significant.
PROPERTY
The impact of a fixed hazardous facility, such as a chemical processing facility is typically
localized to the property where the incident occurs. The impact of a small spill (i.e. liquid
spill) may also be limited to the extent of the spill and remediated if needed. While cleanup
costs from major spills can be significant, they do not typically cause significant long-term
impacts to property.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Increased construction along highways that transport hazardous materials.
o Lack of buffer zones between industrial areas and residential communities.
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o New commercial and industrial developments adding to hazardous material
transportation volume.
o Expansion of utility corridors and fuel storage facilities in growing areas
Impacts of hazardous material incidents on critical facilities are most often limited to the
area or facility where they occurred, such as at a transit station, airport, fire station,
hospital, or railroad. However, they can cause long -term traffic delays and road closures
resulting in major delays in the movement of goods and services. These impacts can
spread beyond the planning area to affect neighboring counties, or vice -versa. While
cleanup costs from major spills can be significant, they do not typica lly cause significant
long-term impacts to critical facilities.
ENVIRONMENT
Hazardous material incidents may affect a small area at a regulated facility or cover a
large area outside such a facility. Widespread effects occur when hazards contaminate
the groundwater and eventually the municipal water supply, or they migrate to a ma jor
waterway or aquifer. Impacts on wildlife and natural resources can also be significant.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.98 summarizes the potential detrimental consequences of hazardous materials
incident.
Table 2.98 – Consequence Analysis – Hazardous Materials Incident
Category Consequences
Public Contact with hazardous materials could cause serious illness or death. Those living
and working closest to hazardous materials sites face the greatest risk of exposure.
Exposure may also occur through contamination of food or water supplies.
Responders Responders face similar risks as the general public but a heightened potential for
exposure to hazardous materials.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
A hazardous materials incident may cause temporary road closures or other localized
impacts but is unlikely to affect continuity of operations.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Some hazardous materials are flammable, explosive, and/or corrosive, which could
result in structural damages to property. Impacts would be highly localized.
Environment Consequences depend on the type of material released. Possible ecological impacts
include loss of wildlife, loss of habitat, and degradation of air and/or water quality.
Economic Condition of
the Jurisdiction
Clean up, remediation, and/or litigation costs may apply. Long-term economic damage
is unlikely.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s
Governance
A hazardous materials incident may affect public confidence if the environmental or
health impacts are enduring.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes hazardous materials hazard risk by jurisdiction.
Probability of future occurrence was based on records of past occurrences, with a greater
incidence of releases in Naples. Other variables of hazard materials risk do not vary
substantially between jurisdictions.
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Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 2 2 1 4 2 2.0 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
2 2 1 4 2 2.0 M
Marco Island 2 2 1 4 2 2.0 M
Naples 3 2 1 4 2 2.3 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 2 2 1 4 2 2.0 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.15 COASTAL OIL SPILLS
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
As defined by Florida’s 2023 Enhanced State Hazard Mitigation Plan, an oil spill is the
release of crude oil, or liquid petroleum, into the environment due to human activity.
Usually associated with marine spills, they are caused by the release of oil from offshore
platforms, drilling rigs, tankers, ships that have sunk, and any vehicle used to transport
crude oil, over the water or land. These spills have major effects including continual
damage to the environment and a financial loss to communities affected.
The Gulf of Mexico is one of the world’s most significant regions for oil and gas extraction
due to its significant geological makeup and large oil and gas fields. Since offshore drilling
began in 1942, more than 6,000 oil and gas extraction structures have been erected in
the Gulf. According to NOAA, these structures range in size from single well caissons in
10 feet water depths to large complex facilities in water depths up to 10,000 feet.
Hundreds of these structures have been deactivated and taken down over the years. As
of October 2022, there are 13 operating rigs in the Gulf of Mexico, all drilling for crude oil.
While there are currently no drilling rigs on the east coast of Florida, the U .S. Chamber of
Commerce predicts that rigs could be seen in the future as exploration estimates roughly
4.72 billion barrels of recoverable oil and 37.51 trillion cubic feet of recoverable natural
gas from Maine to Florida. In 2021, Florida produced about 1.49 million barrels of crude
oil. It is estimated that the Gulf of Mexico offshore oil production makes up 15% of the
total crude oil production of the United States.
An oil spill could have severe detrimental impacts on the natural environment, primarily
impacting shorelines and beaches. Given Collier County’s dependence on tourism, which
relies heavily on beach access, an oil spill could have a catastrophic impact on the
county’s economy. In Collier County, tourism is the leading employer and the primary
economic engine. The Collier County Tourism Development Council reported that in
2023, Collier County had over 2.3 million tourists visit the County, spending an estimated
$2.1 billion, resulting in a total economic impact of over $3 billion to Collier County.
• Warning Time: 3 – 6 to 12 hours
• Duration: 4 – More than 1 week
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LOCATION
While there are no drilling rigs off the coast of Collier County, Figure 2.51 shows the
location of oil drilling rigs in the Gulf of Mexico by feet below sea level and year. It also
shows the location of the Deepwater Horizon accident. Figure 2.52 shows the extent of
Deepwater Horizon accident, which was the most devastating oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico
to date and is further detailed in the historical occurrences section below.
Oil spills have the potential to impact all coastal areas of Collier County, including its
municipalities and unincorporated coastal regions. Collier County, along with its coastal
jurisdictions (Naples, Marco Island, Everglades City), and other unincorporated coastal
communities (Port of the Islands) are particularly susceptible to the effects of coastal oil
spills, which can threaten local ecosystems, tourism, and economic activities .
• Spatial Extent: 2 – Small
Figure 2.51 – Location of Oil Drilling Rigs in the Gulf of Mexico
Source: DeepSeaNews.com
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Figure 2.52 – Extent of the Deepwater Oil Spill
Source: Encyclopedia Britannica
EXTENT
The extent of coastal oil spills can vary greatly. The NOAA Office of Response and
Restoration responds to over 150 oil and chemical spills in U.S. waters every year. It is
estimated that 1.3 million gallons of petroleum are spilled in U.S. waters every year. The
Deepwater Horizon spill released 210 million gallons. The consequential extent, or the
extent of organisms, mammals, and the environment that are negatively affected can be
huge. However, given the lack of oil rigs off the coast of Collier County, current extent is
limited. Oil spills could still result from tankers while oil is being transported.
• Impact: 2 – Limited
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
NOAA’s Office of Response and Restoration has categorized the largest oil spills within
U.S. waters by spill volume as shown in Figure 2.53. However, it is important to remember
that location, time of year, environmental sensitivity, and type of oil are also major factors
in determining the overall significance of an oil spill. Additionally, NOAA reported a total
of 222 incidents of potential oil spills off the coast of Florida with the earliest recorded
incident occurring October 5th, 1978 in Tampa Bay, Florida. During this incident a dry
bulk carrier discharged approximately 952 barrels of diesel into the Port Sutton Channel.
The oil spread over approximately 20 miles and impacted 15 separate shorelines.
One of the closest oil spills to occur near Collier County happened on November 4th,
2013, when a 68-foot commercial shrimper sunk 32 miles offshore southwest of Naples.
The vessel was reported to have 800 gallons of diesel fuel on board. The crew was
rescued but the vessel was never located.
Figure 2.53 - Largest Oil Spills Affecting U.S. Waters (1969-2024)
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Source: NOAA Office of Response and Restoration
The following information on the Deepwater Horizon spill was reported in the 20 23 State
Hazard Mitigation Plan:
In April 2010, an explosion occurred on BP’s Macondo Prospect drilling rig in the Gulf of
Mexico causing the largest marine oil spill in history. The blowout occurred at 1,500
meters deep and under pressures 150 times that at sea level. This was named the
Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The Florida impacts of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon incident
were mostly limited and contained, but the predictions at the time of potential impacts
were severe. Moody’s Analytics released a report which stated, should a significant
amount of oil wash onto Florida’s shores, the economic impact from tourism-related tax
revenue and job losses could rival that of the ongoing recession and simulate a double
dip recession. Following the lawsuits, Florida received over 200 million dollars in a
settlement for lost tourism income.
In addition to economic impacts, an oil spill in Florida or off its shores could have severe
consequences for wildlife, ecosystems, and the ecology. The Deepwater Horizon spill
affected the wildlife populations of numerous species of turtles, birds, bottlenose dolphins,
whales, and fish. Gulf states saw a decrease in bottlenose reproduction and a rise in
deaths, the Kemp’s Ridley Sea turtle, already endangered, saw a massive drop in
numbers, and scientists estimate the habitats on the bottom of the Gulf could take
anywhere from multiple decades to hundreds of years to fully recover. The spill lasted for
five months but some reports say it had been leaking for so long, that it could have been
a 14-year long oil spill. Eleven people were killed and seventeen were injured from the
wellhead blowout that caused the leak.
As a result of the Deepwater Horizon spill, Florida began funding remediation projects
with settlements from the spill, including with non-operating investors. There are 131
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projects which include stormwater management, habitat restoration, unpaved roads and
wetland initiatives, water quality improvements. Three of these projects are just north of
Collier in Lee and Charlotte Counties. The website “floridadep.gov/wra/deepwater-
horizon” details the Deepwater Horizon Program and links to a story map highlighting all
the projects.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Since the U.S. is reliant on fossil fuels such as oil, and accidents happen, it is highly likely
that another oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico will occur again. However, the probability of an
oil spill impacting the Collier County coast is lower.
• Probability: 2 – Possible
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is not expected to impact coastal oil spills. Though climate change in
addition to a coastal oil spill could be detrimental for environmental, animal, and human
health.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Oil spill damage is directly related to the amount of oil spilled , the location of the spill, and
the movement of the currents.
PEOPLE
Some injuries but no human deaths have been recorded from an oil spill. However, there
were a total of eleven deaths and seventeen injuries from the explosion that caused the
Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
• Population Patterns:
o Increasing population density along coastal areas, leading to greater
exposure to potential oil spill impacts.
o Tourism-driven expansion, with seasonal residents and tourists increasing
the number of individuals affected by oil spills.
o Aging population, with elderly residents facing heightened health risks from
oil spill contaminants and response challenges.
o Economic disparities, where wealthier communities may recover faster,
while lower-income areas may struggle with prolonged impacts.
o Underserved Populations: Low-income and minority communities often
reside in areas with limited access to resources for oil spill response and
recovery. Language and cultural barriers may hinder effective
communication and emergency response efforts. Dependence on coastal
resources for livelihood, such as fishing and tourism -related employment,
exacerbating financial hardship during spills.
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PROPERTY
Oil spills can cause severe property damage to oil rigs, pipeline infrastructure, and
beaches and cost lots of money for clean-up.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Coastal urbanization, with increasing residential and commercial
development in high-risk coastal zones.
o Expansion of industrial and port infrastructure, increasing the potential for
spills from shipping, storage, and offshore drilling operations.
o Environmental conservation efforts, including the protection of wetlands and
mangroves that serve as natural barriers against oil contamination.
o Increased waterfront development, with new marinas, resorts, and
recreational facilities at risk of oil spill exposure.
o Infrastructure vulnerabilities, as aging stormwater and wastewater systems
may exacerbate oil spill contamination and complicate cleanup efforts.
o Resilience planning initiatives aimed at improving preparedness, including
zoning regulations and emergency response capabilities
ENVIRONMENT
Oil spills can be one of the most harmful hazards for the environment. Many aquatic
ecosystems can be destroyed and take hundreds of years to replenish. There are often
huge numbers of dead or sick aquatic life after oil spills. It is estimated that only 2% of the
marine life carcasses from the Deepwater Horizon spill were found or washed up.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.99 details the consequences of a coastal oil spill.
Table 2.99 – Consequence Analysis – Coastal Oil Spills
Category Consequences
Public Localized impact expected to be severe for affected areas and moderate
to light for other less affected areas.
Responders Adverse impact expected to be severe for unprotected personnel and
moderate to light for trained, equipped, and protected personnel.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
Localized disruption of trade or ferry routes and higher demand of
petroleum, therefore creating a price increase) caused by incident may
postpone delivery or use of some services.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Localized impact to facilities and infrastructure in the areas of the incident.
Beaches most adversely affected.
Environment Environmental damage to beaches, marine life, aquatic ecosystems, and
other life forms who get sustenance from the water.
Economic Condition of
the Jurisdiction
Local economy and finances may be adversely affected, depending on
damage. The tourism industry could take a large hit.
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Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
Ability to respond and recover may be questioned and challenged if
planning, response, and recovery is not timely and effective.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes coastal oil spill hazard risk by jurisdiction. Jurisdictions
with shoreline at risk were assigned a probability of 2 (possible), an impact of 2 (limited),
and a spatial extent of 2 (small). Jurisdictions with little to no shoreline at risk were
assigned a probability score of 1 (unlikely), an impact of 1 (minor), and a spatial extent of
1 (negligible). Warning time and duration are inherent to the hazard and remain constant
across jurisdictions.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades
City 2 2 2 3 4 2.3 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
1 1 1 3 4 1.5 L
Marco Island 2 2 2 3 4 2.3 M
Naples 2 2 2 3 4 2.3 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 2 2 2 3 4 2.3 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.16 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
HAZARD BACKGROUND
A radiological incident is an occurrence resulting in the release of radiological material at
a fixed facility (such as power plants, hospitals, laboratories, etc.) or in transit.
Radiological incidents related to transportation are described as an incident resulting in a
release of radioactive material during transportation. Transportation of radioactive
materials through Florida over the interstate highway system is considered a radiological
hazard. The transportation of radioactive material by any means of transport is licensed
and regulated by the federal government. As a rule, there are two categories of
radioactive materials that are shipped over the interstate highways:
• Low level waste consists primarily of materials that have been contaminated by
low level radioactive substances but pose no serious threat except through long -
term exposure. These materials are shipped in sealed drums within placarded
trailers. The danger to the public is no more than a wide array of other
hazardous materials.
• High level waste, usually in the form of spent fuel from nuclear power plants, is
transported in specially constructed casks that are built to withstand a direct hit
from a locomotive.
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Radiological emergencies at nuclear power plants are divided into classifications. Table
2.100 shows these classifications, as well as descriptions of each.
Table 2.100 – Radiological Emergency Classifications
Emergency Classification Description
Notification of Unusual
Event (NOUE)
Events are in progress or have occurred which indicate a potential degradation of the
level of safety of the plant or indicate a security threat to facility protection has been
initiated. No releases of radioactive material requiring offsite response or monitoring
are expected unless further degradation of safety systems occurs.
Alert
Events are in progress or have occurred which involve an actual or potential
substantial degradation of the level of safety of the plant or a security event that
involves probable life-threatening risk to site personnel or damage to site equipment
because of hostile action. Any releases are expected to be limited to small fractions
of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Protective Action Guides (PAGs)
Site Area Emergency
(SAE)
Events are in progress or have occurred which involve actual or likely major failures
of plant functions needed for protection of the public or hostile action that results in
intentional damage or malicious acts; 1) toward site personnel or equipment that
could lead to the likely failure of or; 2) that prevent effective access to, equipment
needed for the protection of the public. Any releases are not expected to result in
exposure levels which exceed EPA PAG exposure levels beyond the site boundary.
General Emergency
Events are in progress or have occurred which involve actual or imminent substantial
core degradation or melting with potential for loss of containment integrity or hostile
action that results in an actual loss of physical control of the facility. Releases can be
reasonably expected to exceed EPA PAG exposure levels offsite for more than the
immediate site area.
• Warning Time: 4 – Less than 6 hours
• Duration: 4 – More than one week
LOCATION
Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station, located in the south of Miami-Dade County and
southeast of the planning area, is a twin reactor nuclear power station. It has three
currently operating units including two 802-megawatt units (units 3 and 4) and one 1,150-
megawatt unit (unit 5). There are two retired 404-megawatt units (units 1 and 2) still on-
site. Commercial operation began in 1967 and the most recent unit was completed in
2007. Units 3 and 4 are pressurized water reactors and unit 5 is a combined-cycle gas-
fired unit. As the sixth largest power plant in the United States and third largest in Florida,
it serves all of southern Florida. The plant is operated with a very high level of security.
This is the location from which the most catastrophic nuclear accident might occur and
will be the focal point of the nuclear analysis in this p lan. In December of 2019, units 3
and 4 at Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station was granted the world’s first 80-year
operating license.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around
nuclear plants:
• Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) – The EPZ is a 10-mile radius around nuclear
facilities, also called the Plume Exposure Pathway, where the risk of radioactive
exposure is highest. The primary concern is inhalation and exposure to
radioactive contamination. Predetermined action plans, in cluding evacuation,
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sheltering, and potassium-iodide use, aim to minimize exposure during a nuclear
incident. Collier County and its jurisdictions are outside the EPZ.
• Ingestion Pathway Zone (IPZ) – The IPZ is a federally designated 50-mile
radius around nuclear facilities, also known as the Ingestion Exposure Pathway.
It is established to prevent contamination of the human food chain following a
radiological incident at a nuclear power facility. Radionuclides can contaminate
fresh produce, water supplies, and other food sources by settling on surfaces.
Figure 2.54 shows the location of Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station and the
approximate 10-mile Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) buffer and 50-mile Ingestion
Pathway Zone (IPZ) around the plant. While none of the planning area is within the 10-
mile EPZ, the southeast corner of Collier County is within the 50-mile IPZ.
• Spatial Extent: 2 – Small
Figure 2.54 – Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station Location in Relation to Planning
Area
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Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) defines two emergency planning zones
around nuclear plants. The first, a 10-mile radius, is the highest-risk zone where exposure
to and inhalation of radioactive contamination are the primary concerns. This area is also
the designated evacuation zone recommended by the NRC. The second zone, extending
50 miles from the plant, focuses on the risk of ingesting contaminated food and water.
Although only a small portion of Collier County falls within the 50-mile Ingestion Pathway
Zone (IPZ), areas such as Everglades City and Port of the Islands are nearby .
Additionally, a small section of the major transportation route US -41 lies within the IPZ,
further increasing the potential for radiological exposure through the movement of food
goods by truck. These factors position Collier County and its jurisdictions to be affected
by a potential radiological release from the Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant.
EXTENT
The International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA) developed the International Nuclear
and Radiological Event Scale to quantify the magnitude of radiological events. This scale
is logarithmic, meaning each increasing level represents a 10 -fold increase in severity
compared to the previous level.
Source: International Atomic Energy Association
• Impact: 4 – Catastrophic
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
May 8, 1974 – During a routine test, it was discovered that two of the three Emergency
Feedwater pumps which served unit 3 failed due to overtightened packing. The third
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pump also failed but was caused by a malfunction in the turbine. These failures, had they
not been found and corrected, could have led to a nuclear disaster if other failures had
occurred simultaneously.
August 24, 1992 – Category 5 Hurricane Andrew hit Turkey Point causing damage to
many systems. The fire protection systems were partly disabled, two raw water tanks
were destroyed, a third was drained, and the smokestack on unit 1 cracked. Offsite power
was lost so onsite generators had to be operated for numerous days.
February 26, 2008 – The loss of offsite power prompted both reactors to shut down which
led to a widespread power outage affecting 700,000 customers and a total of 2.5 million
people. The originating event was an overheated voltage switch that caught fire in a
substation 23 miles away from Turkey Point. Power was restored within 5 hours of the
blackout. Large commercial locations such as W alt Disney World, Orlando International
Airport, and Miami International Airport were affected.
March 18, 2017 – An electrical fault happened in unit 3 causing the loss of a safety system
and a reactor trip. This fault caused an arc flash which minorly burned one plant worker.
All other safety systems were operational so there was no threat to the community or
environment.
August 17, 2020 – Over a four-day period Turkey point experienced three different
unplanned shutdowns in a row. On August 17th, Turkey Point operators manually shut
down the reactor due to rising steam generator water levels. On August 19th, the plant’s
protection system automatically shut down the reactor during startup when an instrument
sensed higher-than-expected neutron activity in the reactor core. On August 20th,
operators manually shut down the reactor after the loss of a steam generator feed water
pump. Experiencing frequent shutdowns in a short amount of time is uncommon and
ultimately required a special inspection from the NRC to ensure safety protocols were
being met.
As of January 2025, there have been no publicly reported significant deviations,
anomalies, incidents, or accidents at Turkey Point beyond those previously mentioned.
The plant continues to operate under the enhanced oversight imposed by the NRC
following the 2020 events.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Radiological hazards are highly unpredictable. Nuclear reactors present the possibility of
catastrophic damages, yet the industry is highly regulated and historical precedence
suggests an incident is unlikely.
• Probability: 1 – Unlikely
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is not projected to have any impact on a potential nuclear power plant
incident.
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VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
People within the 50-mile EPZ are at risk of exposure through ingestion of contaminated
food and water. Low levels of radiation are not considered harmful, but a high exposure
to radiation can cause serious illness or death.
• Population Patterns:
o Increased population in southeastern Collier County near the Turkey Point
Nuclear Power Facility’s ingestion pathway.
o Higher seasonal population levels during the winter months may affect
emergency evacuation capacity.
o Vulnerable populations, such as children and individuals with disabilities,
may require specialized transportation and sheltering.
o Underserved Populations: Low-income families may lack the resources to
evacuate or afford temporary relocation during an incident. Non -English-
speaking communities may face communication barriers regarding nuclear
hazard protocols.
PROPERTY
A radiological incident could cause severe damage to the power station itself but would
not cause direct property damage outside the station, especially with the distance
between the reactor and the planning area. However, property values could drop
substantially if a radiological incident resulted in contamination of nearby areas.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Expansion of residential and commercial developments within the potential
impact zone.
o Development of critical infrastructure, such as water and energy systems,
within potential radiation exposure zones.
o Growth of evacuation-sensitive developments, such as schools and
hospitals, in areas lacking alternative access routes.
ENVIRONMENT
A radiological incident could result in the spread of radioactive material into the
environment, which could contaminate water and food sources and harm animal and plant
life. These impacts are lessened the further an area is to the plant site.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.101 summarizes the potential detrimental consequences of radiological incident.
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Table 2.101 – Consequence Analysis – Radiological Incident
Category Consequences
Public High levels of radiation could cause serious illness or death. Those living
and working closest to the nuclear plant would face the greatest risk of
exposure.
Responders Responders face potential for heightened exposure to radiation, which
could cause severe chronic illness and death.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
An incident at the nuclear plant could interrupt power generation and
cause power shortages. Regular operations would likely be affected by the
response effort an event would require.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
The plant itself could be damaged by a radiological incident. Nearby
property and facilities could be affected by contamination.
Environment Water supplies, food crops, and livestock within 50 miles of the nuclear
plant could be contaminated by radioactive material in the event of a major
incident.
Economic Condition of
the Jurisdiction
The local economy could be affected if a radiological incident caused
contamination of nearby areas. Property values and economic activity
could decline as a result.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
A radiological incident would likely cause severe loss of public confidence
given that the hazard is human-caused and highly regulated. Public
confidence can also be affected by false alarms.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes nuclear power plant risk by jurisdiction. Jurisdictions
overlapping the Ingestion Pathway Zone of the closest nuclear power plant were given
an impact of 4 (catastrophic) and a spatial extent of 2 (small). Jurisdictions further away
from the IPZ were given an impact of 3 (critical) and a spatial extent of 1 (negligible).
Probability, warning time, and duration are uniform across jurisdictions.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades
City 1 3 1 4 4 2.2 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
1 3 1 4 4 2.2 M
Marco Island 1 3 1 4 4 2.2 M
Naples 1 3 1 4 4 2.2 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 1 4 2 4 4 2.7 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
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2.5.17 TERRORISM
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
There is no universal globally agreed-upon definition of terrorism. In a broad sense,
terrorism is the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially against
civilians, in the pursuit of political aims. Terrorism is defined in the United States by the
Code of Federal Regulations as “the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or
property to intimidate or coerce a government, civilian population, or any segment thereof,
in furtherance of political or social objectives.”
For this analysis, this hazard encompasses the following sub -hazards: enemy attack,
biological terrorism, chemical terrorism, conventional terrorism, and radiological
terrorism. These hazards can occur anywhere and demonstrate unlawful force, violence,
and/or threat against persons or property causing intentional harm for purposes of
intimidation, coercion or ransom in violation of the criminal laws of the United States.
These actions may cause massive destruction and/or extensive casualties. The threat of
terrorism, both international and domestic, is ever present, and an attack can occur when
least expected.
Enemy attack is an incident that could cause massive destruction and extensive
casualties throughout the world. Some areas could experience direct weapons’ effects:
blast and heat; others could experience indirect weapons’ effect. International political
and military activities of other nations are closely monitored by the federal government
and the State of Florida would be notified of any escalating military threats.
The use of biological agents against persons or property in violation of the criminal laws
of the United States for purposes of intimidation, coercion or ransom can be described as
biological terrorism. Liquid or solid contaminants can be dispersed using s prayers/aerosol
generators or by point of line sources such as munitions, covert deposits and moving
sprayers. Biological agents vary in the amount of time they pose a threat. They can be a
threat for hours to years depending upon the agent and the conditions in which it exists.
Chemical terrorism involves the use or threat of chemical agents against persons or
property in violation of the criminal laws of the United States for purposes of intimidation,
coercion or ransom. Effects of chemical contaminants are like those of biological agents.
Use of conventional weapons and explosives against persons or property in violation of
the criminal laws of the United States for purposes of intimidations, coercion, or ransom
is conventional terrorism. Hazard effects are instantaneous; additional seconda ry devices
may be used, lengthening the time duration of the hazard until the attack site is
determined to be clear. The extent of damage is determined by the type and quantity of
explosive. Effects are generally static other than cascading consequences an d
incremental structural failures. Conventional terrorism can also include tactical assault or
sniping from remote locations.
Radiological terrorism is the use of radiological materials against persons or property in
violation of the criminal laws of the United States for purposes of intimidation, coercion or
ransom. Radioactive contaminants can be dispersed using sprayers/aeroso l generators,
or by point of line sources such as munitions, covert deposits and moving sprayers or by
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the detonation of a nuclear device underground, at the surface, in the air or at high
altitude.
Electronic attack using one computer system against another in order to intimidate people
or disrupt other systems is a cyber-attack. All governments, businesses and citizens that
conduct business utilizing computers face these threats. Cyber -security and critical
infrastructure protection are among the most important national security issues facing our
country today. The Florida Department of Law Enforcement Computer Crime Center
helps law enforcement across the State solve sophisticated crimes involving d igital
evidence. Cyber attack is discussed in greater detail in Section 2.5.20.
Mass demonstrations, or direct conflict by large groups of citizens, as in riots and non -
peaceful strikes, are examples of public disorder. These are assembling of people
together in a manner to substantially interfere with public peace to constitute a thr eat, and
with use of unlawful force or violence against another person, or causing property damage
or attempting to interfere with, disrupting, or destroying the government, political
subdivision, or group of people. Labor strikes and work stoppages are not considered in
this hazard unless they escalate into a threat to the community. Vandalism is usually
initiated by a small number of individuals and limited to a small target or institution. Most
events are within the capacity of local law enforcement. Civil disturbance is discussed in
greater detail in Section 2.5.19.
The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) reports115 active hate groups in Florida,
shown in Table 2.102. The SPLC defines a hate group as any group with “beliefs or
practices that attack or malign an entire class of people – particularly when the
characteristics being maligned are immutable.” It is important to note that inclusion on the
SPLC list is not meant to imply that a group advocates or engages in violence or other
criminal activity.
Table 2.102 - Hate Groups Active in Florida
Group Description Type Location
Organization for Population Concerns Anti-Immigrant Ventura
Local Immigration Enforcement Network Anti-Immigrant Pompano Beach
Medical Group Advocating Family Values Anti-LGBTQ Gainesville
Religious Broadcasting Ministry Anti-LGBTQ Fort Lauderdale
Statewide Family Policy Council Anti-LGBTQ Orlando
Legal Group Advocating Family Rights Anti-LGBTQ Orlando
Faith-Based Legal Defense Organization Anti-LGBTQ Miami
Local Baptist Congregation Anti-LGBTQ Clermont
Faith-Based Community Church Anti-LGBTQ Orange Park
National Security Advocacy Group Anti-Muslim Lake Worth
Cultural Context and Advocacy Project Anti-Muslim Ave Maria
Family Advocacy Organization Anti-Muslim Tampa
National Security Awareness Group Anti-Muslim Lake Worth Beach
Community Action Group Antigovernment General Jacksonville
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Group Description Type Location
Local Family Advocacy Coalition Antigovernment General Brevard County
Freedom Defense Group Antigovernment General Mulberry
Regional Freedom Defense - Brevard Antigovernment General Brevard County
Regional Freedom Defense - Duval Antigovernment General Duval County
Regional Freedom Defense - Hillsborough Antigovernment General Hillsborough County
Regional Freedom Defense - Miami-Dade Antigovernment General Miami-Dade County
Regional Freedom Defense - Nassau Antigovernment General Nassau County
Regional Freedom Defense - Osceola Antigovernment General Osceola County
Regional Freedom Defense - Polk Antigovernment General Polk County
Statewide Family Advocacy Group Antigovernment General Winter Haven
Parental Education Network Antigovernment General
Freedom Advocacy Legal Organization Antigovernment General Spring Hill
Firearm Ownership Advocacy Group Antigovernment General
Liberty Education Advocate Antigovernment General Wellborn
Constitutional Rights Educational Group Antigovernment General Wellborn
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Alachua County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Bay County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Brevard County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Broward County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Citrus County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Clay County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Collier County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Flagler County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Hernando County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Highlands County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Hillsborough County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Indian River County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Leon County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Martin County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Miami-Dade County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Monroe County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Okaloosa County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Orange County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Osceola County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Palm Beach County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Pasco County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Pinellas County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Polk County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Putnam County
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Group Description Type Location
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Santa Rosa County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Sarasota County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Seminole County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General St. Johns County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General St. Lucie County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Volusia County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Walton County
Education Reform Group - Florida Chapter Antigovernment General Tallahassee
Regional Moms Organization - Palm Beach Antigovernment General Palm Beach County
Regional Moms Organization - Polk County Antigovernment General Winter Haven
Regional Moms Organization - Sarasota Antigovernment General Venice
Local Patriots Network Antigovernment General Sarasota
Advocacy for Freedom Group Antigovernment General Sarasota
Civic Engagement Network Antigovernment General Escambia County
Local Change Advocates Antigovernment General Orlando
Local Change Advocates Antigovernment General Tampa
Online Patriot Network Antigovernment General South Daytona
Anti-Semitism Awareness Group Antisemitism Crystal River
Publishing Group Antisemitism Crestview
National Religious Organization Antisemitism Miami
Identity-Based Advocacy Christian Identity Panama City Beach
Conspiracy Theory Media Conspiracy Propagandists Auburndale
Faithful Militia Network Militia Movement
Historical Preservation Network Neo-Confederate
Nationalist Crew Neo-Nazi
Organization for Population Concerns Anti-Immigrant Ventura
Local Immigration Enforcement Network Anti-Immigrant Pompano Beach
Medical Group Advocating Family Values Anti-LGBTQ Gainesville
Religious Broadcasting Ministry Anti-LGBTQ Fort Lauderdale
Statewide Family Policy Council Anti-LGBTQ Orlando
Legal Group Advocating Family Rights Anti-LGBTQ Orlando
Faith-Based Legal Defense Organization Anti-LGBTQ Miami
Local Baptist Congregation Anti-LGBTQ Clermont
Faith-Based Community Church Anti-LGBTQ Orange Park
National Security Advocacy Group Anti-Muslim Lake Worth
Cultural Context and Advocacy Project Anti-Muslim Ave Maria
Family Advocacy Organization Anti-Muslim Tampa
National Security Awareness Group Anti-Muslim Lake Worth Beach
Community Action Group Antigovernment General Jacksonville
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Group Description Type Location
Local Family Advocacy Coalition Antigovernment General Brevard County
Freedom Defense Group Antigovernment General Mulberry
Regional Freedom Defense - Brevard Antigovernment General Brevard County
Regional Freedom Defense - Duval Antigovernment General Duval County
Regional Freedom Defense - Hillsborough Antigovernment General Hillsborough County
Regional Freedom Defense - Miami-Dade Antigovernment General Miami-Dade County
Regional Freedom Defense - Nassau Antigovernment General Nassau County
Regional Freedom Defense - Osceola Antigovernment General Osceola County
Regional Freedom Defense - Polk Antigovernment General Polk County
Statewide Family Advocacy Group Antigovernment General Winter Haven
Parental Education Network Antigovernment General
Freedom Advocacy Legal Organization Antigovernment General Spring Hill
Firearm Ownership Advocacy Group Antigovernment General
Liberty Education Advocate Antigovernment General Wellborn
Constitutional Rights Educational Group Antigovernment General Wellborn
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Alachua County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Bay County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Brevard County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Broward County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Citrus County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Clay County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Collier County
Local Parental Advocacy Chapter Antigovernment General Flagler County
Source: Southern Poverty Law Center, 2023, https://www.splcenter.org/hate-map
One group identified by the SPLC as active in Collier County promotes opposition to
certain government policies and educational practices.
• Warning Time: 4 – Less than 6 hours
• Duration: 1 – Less than 6 hours
Generally, no warning is given for specific acts of terrorism. Duration is dependent on the
vehicle used during the terrorist attack. This score considers a prolonged scenario with
continuous impacts.
LOCATION
A terrorist threat could occur anywhere in Collier County, but it is more likely to target
highly populated areas, critical infrastructure, or symbolic locations. Collier County and
its jurisdictions remain vulnerable to such threats, with any of the critical facilities identified
by the LMS Working Group being potential targets.
• Spatial Extent: 1 – Negligible
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EXTENT
The extent of a terrorist incident is tied to many factors, including the attack vector,
location, time of day, and other circumstances; for this reason, it is difficult to put assess
a single definition or conclusion of the extent of “terrorism.” As a general rule, terrorism
incidents are targeted to where they can do the most damage and have the maximum
impact possible, though this impact is tempered by the weapon used in the a ttack itself.
• Impact: 4 – Catastrophic
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
As noted in the previous Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy, there have been no
major terror events in the County, thus the hazard risk had not previously been analyzed.
There is still, however, some possibility that one could occur in the future given the
incidents that have occurred in the United States in the past and the facilities and locations
in the county that could be potential targets.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
While difficult to estimate when a deliberate act like terrorism may occur, it can be inferred
that the probability of a terrorist attack in any one area in the County is very low at any
given time. When identified, credible threats may increase the probability of an incident;
these threats are generally tracked by law enforcement.
• Probability: 1 – Unlikely
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is not expected to influence terrorism. However, climate change could
cause more protests, gatherings, or votes which could be targets for terrorism.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
People can suffer death or illness as a result of a terrorist attack. Symptoms of illness
from a biological or chemical attack may go undetected for days or even weeks. Local
healthcare workers may observe a pattern of unusual illness or early warning monitoring
systems may detect airborne pathogens. People will face increased risk if a biological or
chemical agent is released indoors, as this may result in exposure to a higher
concentration of pathogens, whereas agents that are released outdoors would disp erse
in the direction of the wind. Physical harm from a weapons attack or explosive device is
not dependent on location, but risk is greater in areas where higher numbers of people
may gather. People could also be affected by an attack on food and water su pply. In
addition to impacts on physical health, any terrorist attack could cause significant stress
and anxiety.
• Population Patterns:
o Growing population near key government and public facilities.
o Increased public gatherings during large-scale events and seasonal
festivities.
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o Vulnerable populations, such as schoolchildren and event attendees,
concentrated in high-profile venues.
o Underserved Populations: Minority communities may be
disproportionately affected during certain targeted attacks. Residents with
limited transportation options may face difficulties evacuating from large
public venues.
PROPERTY
The potential for damage to property is highly dependent on the type of attack. Buildings
and infrastructure may be damaged by an explosive device or by contamination from a
biological or chemical attack. Impacts are generally highly localized to the target of the
attack.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Expansion of large venues, convention centers, and tourism hubs that could
be potential targets.
o Development of transportation hubs with limited physical security
measures.
o Increased commercial activity in urban centers, creating high-density zones
with critical infrastructure.
ENVIRONMENT
Environmental impacts are also dependent on the type of attack. Impacts could be
negligible or could require major clean-up and remediation.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.103 summarizes the potential detrimental consequences of a terror threat.
Table 2.103 – Consequence Analysis – Terrorism
Category Consequences
Public Illness, injury, or fatality are possible; these impacts would be highly localized to the
attack. Widespread stress and psychological suffering may occur.
Responders Responders face increased risks during an effort to stop an attack or rescue others
while an attack is underway.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
Critical infrastructure may be targeted by an attack; therefore, continuity of operations
may be affected. Long-term issues may arise if transportation or utility infrastructure is
severely damaged.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Impacts depend of the type of attack. Buildings and infrastructure could be unaffected
or completely destroyed.
Environment Water and food supply could be contaminated by a biological or chemical attack.
Remediation could be required.
Economic Condition of
the Jurisdiction
The local economy could be disrupted, depending on the location and scale of an
attack.
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Category Consequences
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s
Governance
Loss of public confidence likely should an attack be carried out; additional loss of
confidence and trust may result if response and recovery are not swift and effective
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes terrorism hazard risk by jurisdiction. This risk is not
expected to vary substantially between jurisdictions.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 1 4 1 4 1 2.2 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
1 4 1 4 1 2.2 M
Marco Island 1 4 1 4 1 2.2 M
Naples 1 4 1 4 1 2.2 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 1 4 1 4 1 2.2 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.18 MASS MIGRATION INCIDENT
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
Collier County’s position on the Gulf Coast at the southern tip of the Florida peninsula
makes it a potential entry point for large numbers of immigrants and refugees seeking to
enter the United States. In Florida, immigrants and refugees primarily come from the
Caribbean, Mexico, and South America. Their arrival may pose risks to public health,
safety, and welfare, both for local residents and for the immigrants themselves,
particularly if they are detained for extended periods. To address this the State of Florida
has collaborated with the federal government to develop a Mass Immigration Annex,
which bridges the gap between the federal Mass Immigration Plan and the National
Response Framework. While enforcing immigration laws remains a federal responsibility,
Collier County officials may need to work closely with state and federal agencies to
manage a mass migration event.
MASS MIGRATION
According to FEMA, mass migration is defined as “the sudden and large-scale movement
of people across boarders, typically as a result of political instability, natural disasters, or
economic hardship”. A continuous and high-volume influx of migrants over an extended
period could overwhelm the usual capacity of local United States Coast Guard and
Customs and Boarder Protection offices. Undocumented individuals may struggle to
assimilate without further straining local economies and already burdened infrastructure.
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UNACCOMPANIED MINORS
FEMA defines an unaccompanied minor as a child who has no lawful immigration status
in the United States. An unaccompanied child is under the age of 18 and has either no
parent or legal guardian in the United States or legal guardian in the United States
available to provide care and physical custody.
These children often leave their home countries to reunite with family members already
in the U.S. They migrate for various reasons such as search of employment or educational
opportunities in the United States. If an unaccompanied child is detained by immigration
authorities, they are placed under the care and protection of the Office of Refu gee
Resettlement (ORR). Federal law mandates that ORR provide food, shelter, and medical
care for these children until they can be safely released to sponsors, usually family
members, while awaiting their immigration proceedings. According to the U.S.
Department of Health & Human Services, Collier County had a total of 405
unaccompanied minors released to sponsors in 2024 through July.
MASS IMMIGRATION
Mass Immigration is defined as a significant influx of people from different countries
settling into a new country to live. Immigration is the process by which individuals move
to a country where they are not native or citizens, intending to live there. According to
U.S. Code, an immigrant is defined as either someone applying for entry into the United
States at a port-of-entry or a person intercepted in international or U.S. waters and
brought into the country by any means at any location.
Migration or immigration was the primary source of Florida’s population growth in 2015
with 86% of the growth due to net migration and immigration. A significant of immigrants
to Collier County place strain on the local economy and infrastructure.
• Warning Time: 3 – 6 to 12 hours
• Duration: 4 – More than 1 week
LOCATION
Collier County and its jurisdictions, including the coastal communities of Naples, Marco
Island, and Everglades City, are vulnerable to mass migration incidents, with the most
likely points of entry along the coastline. Everglades City, located within Big Cypress
National Park and home to the 10,000 Islands, presents unique challenges due to its
remote and extensive coastal geography. The county’s proximity to islands such as Cuba,
Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti, as well as the nearby Gulf Coast of
Mexico, increases the likelihood of large-scale maritime migration during periods of
political instability, economic crises, or natural disasters in these regions. Additionally,
domestic mass migration may occur as large groups evacuate to Collier County due to
hazards like hurricanes or wildfires in other parts of Florida or neighboring states. A
sudden influx of people could place significant strain on local resources, including
housing, healthcare, transportation, and emergency services, underscoring the need for
comprehensive preparedness and response strategies.
• Spatial Extent: 3 – Moderate
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EXTENT
A mass migration events could impact all of Collier County, though migrants are more
likely to settle in areas where established communities of their same origin already exist.
These areas often offer familiar cultural and social support networks, making it easier for
newcomers to integrate and access resources. For instance, neighborhoods with
significant populations of Latin American or Caribbean origin may see a larger influx due
to shared language, culture, and existing familial or social ties. This clustering specific
healthcare, and community-based organizations, which cater to the unique needs of
these groups. Additionally, the concentration of new arrivals in these in these areas could
create challenges, such as overcrowding, higher competition for housing and
employment, and greater pressure on local infrastructure and public services. The
broader effects, however, would still reverberate throughout the entire county as
increased population density and changing demographics influence from public policy
and resource allocation to economic and social dynamics.
• Impact: 3 – Critical
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
There have been several migration waves over the years in Collier County. In the 1980’s-
1990’s there was an increase in migrants from Hatiti and Cuba. The increase in population
contributed to the planning areas demographic changes. Hurricane Andrew in 1992 also
caused mass displacement throughout the county. People moved from surrounding areas
to seek new homes and job opportunities more inland. These immigration events can
result in an increase in migration events over the years. As previously mentioned, there
have been approximately 775,000 unauthorized immigrants in the State of Florida since
2016.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Mass migration events are inherently challenging to predict, primarily because they often
arise suddenly due to unforeseen circumstances. While it is difficult to forecast specific
incidents, Collier County’s coastal location suggests a higher probability of experiencing
such events in the future. The region’s proximity to the Caribbean and Latin American,
areas prone to political instability, economic hardship, and natural disasters, makes it
particularly vulnerable.
Economic crisis in countries like Cuba, Haiti, or Mexico could serve as early warning signs
for potential mass migration. Historically, these nations have contributed significantly to
the immigration population in Collier County. The existing communities from these regions
may act as pull factors, making Collier County an attractive destination for future migrants
seeking safety, stability, or reunification with family members.
Additionally, environmental factors such as hurricanes, rising sea levels, and other
climate-related events could also prompt sudden and large -scale migrants to this part of
Florida. Collier County is likely to continue to be a significant destination for those
displaces by future crises, whether political, economic, or environmental.
• Probability: 2 – Possible
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CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change has the possibility to influence mass migration, primarily through indirect
effects such as intensification of severe storms, rising sea levels, prolonged drought, and
an increase in natural disasters like earthquakes. These environmental ch anges could
render certain regions uninhabitable, forcing people to leave their homes in search of
safer, more sustainable environments.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
A mass migration event can lead to significant risks, including potential loss of life and
injury for those involved. There are populations that are more vulnerable to a mass
migration incident, such as children and the elderly. Undocumented individuals may be
hesitant to seek help or evacuate during emergencies due to fear of interacting with law
enforcement. If they do evacuate, the sudden increase in population could overwhelm
shelters, leading to congestion and overcrowding.
• Population Patterns:
o Population pressures from surges of displaced individuals seeking shelter
or resources.
o Expansion of immigrant communities in vulnerable coastal areas.
o Increased demands on temporary shelter facilities during mass migration
events.
o Underserved Populations: Migrant and refugee populations may lack
access to stable housing, employment, and emergency support services
during large-scale displacements.
Additionally, migrants may face challenges in accessing essential resources such as
food, education, clean water, employment, translators, and housing. The influx of people
can strain public safety resources, potentially depleting them and causing broader issues
within the community. Mass migration incidents exacerbate the vulnerabilities of affected
populations by exposing them to a wide range of physical, economic, social, and
psychological challenges.
PROPERTY
A mass migration incident can place significant strain on various local resources and
services, particularly if authorities intervene and detain a large number of individuals.
Detention facilities may quickly become overcrowded, leading to inadequate conditions
and increased challenges in managing and processing the influx of cases.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Development of agricultural and low-income housing in rural areas that may
serve as initial entry points.
o Limited planning for emergency housing within new developments.
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o Increased need for community infrastructure to accommodate growing
populations.
Social service services, including healthcare, housing, and welfare programs, may also
be overwhelmed as they attempt to meet the needs of incoming immigrants and migrants.
Unaccompanied children, who are particularly vulnerable, require specialized care and
support, adding further strain to child welfare systems. These services mig ht find
themselves under-resources and overburdened, leading to delays in assistance, reduced
service quality, and challenges in ensuring the safety and well-being of those in need.
ENVIRONMENT
The environmental effects of mass migration incident are influenced by the scale of the
migration, the location, and the capacity of the area to support an influx of people. For
instance, an increase in population can mean an increase demand on water supply.
Overpopulated communities place a strain on public utilities and mass transit. Increased
pressure on natural resources, pollution, habitat construction, and the strain on protected
areas all contribute to the vulnerability of the environment.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.104 shows the consequences of a mass migration incident.
Table 2.104 – Consequence Analysis – Mass Migration Incident
Category Consequences
Public Risk of loss of life and injury among migrants, exacerbated by limited
access to essential resources such as food, water, and shelter. These
shortages can lead to severe health crises among the affected
populations.
Responders Responders may experience moderate and light impacts. The safety and
effectiveness of response efforts depend heavily on the preparedness and
protection of responders.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
The influx of large numbers of migrants can overwhelm public safety
resources and public services leading to localized disruptions. The lack of
adequate resources to manage the situation may hinder the continued
delivery of essential services.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Localized impact to facilities and infrastructure in the areas of migration.
Lack of housing available.
Environment Environmental damage to locations seeing large impacts from migration.
Economic Condition of
the Jurisdiction
Local economy and finances may be affected, depending on number of
migrants.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
Ability to respond and recover may be questioned and challenged if
planning, response, and recovery not timely and effective.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes mass migration incident hazard risk by jurisdiction. This
risk is not expected to change substantially between jurisdictions.
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Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades
City 2 3 3 3 4 2.8 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
2 3 3 3 4 2.8 M
Marco Island 2 3 3 3 4 2.8 M
Naples 2 3 3 3 4 2.8 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 2 3 3 3 4 2.8 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County Public Schools,
Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue District, Immokalee Fire Control
District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water Management District.
2.5.19 CIVIL DISTURBANCE
HAZARD BACKGROUND
Civil disorder is a term that generally refers to groups of people purposely choosing not
to observe a law, regulation, or rule, usually in order to bring attention to a cause, concern,
or agenda. Civil disorder can take the form of small gatherings or la rge groups blocking
or impeding access to a building or disrupting normal activities by generating noise and
intimidating people. They can range from a peaceful sit-in to a full-scale riot in which a
mob burns or otherwise destroys property and terrorizes individuals. Even in its more
passive forms, a group that blocks roadways, sidewalks, or buildings interferes with public
order. In the 1990s abortion clinics, for example, were targets for these disruptive -type
activities.
Throughout this country’s history, incidents that disrupted the public peace have figured
prominently. The constitutional guarantees allow for ample expression of protest and
dissent, and in many cases collide with the preamble’s requirement of the governm ent “to
ensure domestic tranquility.” Typical examples of such conflicting ideology include the
protest movements for civil rights in the late 1960s and the Vietnam War protest
demonstrations in the early 1970s. The balance between an individual’s and grou p’s
legitimate expression of dissent and the right of the populace to live in domestic tranquility
requires the diligent efforts of everyone to avoid such confrontations in the future.
In modern society, laws have evolved that govern the interaction of its members to
peacefully resolve conflict. In the United States, a crowd itself is constitutionally protected
under “the right of the people to peacefully assemble.” However, assemblies t hat are not
peaceable are not protected, and this is generally the dividing line between crowds and
mobs. The laws that deal with disruptive conduct are generally grouped into offenses that
disturb the public peace. They range from misdemeanors, such as blocking sidewalks or
challenging another to fight, to felonies, such as looting and rioting.
It is important to note that civil unrest is not synonymous with peaceful assembly or
peaceful protest; Americans are guaranteed a right to assemble peacefully under the First
Amendment to the Constitution.
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TYPES OF CROWDS
A crowd may be defined as a casual, temporary collection of people without a strong,
cohesive relationship. Crowds can be classified into four general categories:
Casual Crowd — A casual crowd is merely a group of people who happen to be in the
same place at the same time. Examples of this type include shoppers and sightseers.
The likelihood of violent conduct is all but nonexistent.
Cohesive Crowd — A cohesive crowd consists of members who are involved in some
type of unified behavior. Members of this group are involved in some type of common
activity, such as worshiping, dancing, or watching a sporting event. Although they may
have intense internal discipline (e.g., rooting for a team), they require substantial
provocation to arouse to action.
Expressive Crowd — An expressive crowd is one held together by a common
commitment or purpose. Although they may not be formally organized, they are
assembled as an expression of common sentiment or frustration. Members wish to be
seen as a formidable influence. One of the best examples of this type is a group
assembled to protest something.
Aggressive Crowd — An aggressive crowd is made up of individuals who have
assembled for a specific purpose. This crowd often has leaders who attempt to arouse
the members or motivate them to action. Members are noisy and threatening and will
taunt authorities. They tend to be impulsive and highly emotional and require only minimal
stimulation to arouse them to violence. Examples of this type of crowd include
demonstrations and strikers.
TYPES OF MOBS
A mob can be defined as a large disorderly crowd or throng. Mobs are usually emotional,
loud, tumultuous, violent, and lawless. Like crowds, mobs have different levels of
commitment and can be classified into four categories:
Aggressive Mob—An aggressive mob is one that attacks, riots, and terrorizes. The
object of violence may be a person, property, or both. An aggressive mob is distinguished
from an aggressive crowd only by lawless activity. Examples of aggressive mobs are the
inmate mobs in prisons and jails, mobs that act out their frustrations after political defeat,
or violent mobs at political protests or rallies.
Escape Mob—An escape mob is attempting to flee from something such as a fire, bomb,
flood, or other catastrophe. Members of escape mobs have lost their capacity to reason
and are generally impossible to control. They are characterized by unreasonable terror.
Acquisitive Mob—An acquisitive mob is one motivated by a desire to acquire something.
Riots caused by other factors often turn into looting sprees. This mob exploits a lack of
control by authorities in safeguarding property. Examples of acquisitive mobs would
include the looting in South Central Los Angeles in 1992, or food riots in other countries.
Expressive Mob—An expressive mob is one that expresses fervor or revelry following
some sporting event, religious activity, or celebration. Members experience a release of
pent-up emotions in highly charged situations. Examples of this type of mob include the
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June 1994 riots in Canada following the Stanley Cup professional hockey championship,
European soccer riots, and those occurring after other sporting events in many countries,
including the United States.
Although members of mobs have differing levels of commitment, as a group they are far
more committed than members of a crowd. As such, a “mob mentality” sets in, which
creates a cohesiveness and sense of purpose that is lacking in crowds. Thus, any strategy
that causes individual members to contemplate their personal actions will tend to be more
effective than treating an entire mob as a single entity.
• Warning Time: 4 – Less than six hours
• Duration: 3 – Less than one week
LOCATION
Collier County and its jurisdictions are vulnerable to civil disorder, which can arise from
various causes and may occur spontaneously or as a result of escalating tensions. While
civil disorder can erupt anywhere, it is more likely in areas with large population
gatherings, such as Naples, Marco Island, and Everglades City. Locations that attrac t
political or public rallies, such as government buildings, parks, and public spaces, are
potential focal points for disturbances. Additionally, arenas, stadiums, public festivals, and
sporting events present opportunities for civil unrest due to high att endance and
heightened emotions. Civil disorder may also occur near locations where a “trigger event”
has taken place, further emphasizing the need for preparedness throughout all
jurisdictions within Collier County.
• Spatial Extent: 2 – Small
EXTENT
The ultimate extent of any civil disorder incident will depend on the magnitude of that
event and its location. The more widespread an incident is, the greater the likelihood of
excessive injury, loss of life and property damage; additional factors, such a s the ability
of law enforcement to contain the event, are also critical in minimizing damages.
• Impact: 2 – Limited
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
There are documented events that indicate that Florida and the southern peninsula region
are not immune to riots, protests, and social upheaval. Some brief examples of civil unrest
near Collier County are provided below.
The Miami Riot of 1968 occurred at the Vote Power building in the Liberty City
neighborhood in August. A group of black organizations called for this rally in order to
make known the unfair systems at play throughout the nation. This date overlapped with
the Republican National Convention in Miami Beach. Things got aggressive once a white
reporter was forcibly kicked out and the police showed up. One passer-by had his car
stoned and multiple bottles thrown at him for having a republican political sticker on his
car. He fled his car which was then overturned and set on fire. The following day, the
police responded to what they thought was sniper fire as the rioters were terrorizing
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shops. The police killed three residents and left a bullet wound in a fourth only to find no
weapons close by. The riot ended when the Florida National Guard responded, imposed
a curfew, and heavy rains kept people inside.
The 1980 Miami riots were race riots that began on May 18, 1980. The event that triggered
the riots was the clearing of four Dade County Public Safety Department officers. They
had previously been tried for the manslaughter of Arthur McDuffie, a black sale sman who
passed away from wounds suffered during a high -speed chase in which these four white
officers were involved. The riot broke out in the Liberty City and Overtown neighborhoods.
After filing a civil lawsuit against County officials, McDuffie’s family received a settlement
of $1.1 million from Dade County. These were the deadliest riots between the 1960s and
the 1992 Los Angeles riots.
The 1990 Wynwood riot began in the Wynwood neighborhood in Miami after six officers
had been acquitted for the death of Leonardo Mercado. Mercado was a Puerto Rican and
suspected drug dealer. Puerto Ricans were unhappy during this time since they felt they
had no representation in any positions of authority. Six undercover officers in the Street
Narcotics Unit of the Miami Police Department met with Mercado outside of his apartment
in 1988. After forcing him back inside, they beat him to death. They were c harged with
conspiracy and three counts of civil rights violations. After their acquittal, a mob became
violent for about three hours causing $3 million in property damage before order was
restored by 200 patrolmen.
The 1996 St. Petersburg riots began after the death of an unarmed black, male teenage
driver which occurred during a police traffic stop. There were two other people at the
scene, one was the shooting policeman’s partner, and the other was the passenger in the
teenage male’s car. Additionally, there were multiple witnesses, and everyone had a
slightly different story of what happened. Immediately following the shooting, a crowd
gathered and became frustrated when police didn’t release any information. The crowd
began throwing rocks and bottles at police officers. The riot continued through other areas
of the city resulting in 20 people arrested, 28 arson fires, 11 injured, and multiple stores
were looted. After the two original responding police officers we re cleared of any charges
a few weeks later, more rioting occurred.
Since 2010, civil unrest has again trended toward race relations as a cause. From
controversial shootings of African American men by white police officers to the resulting
Black Lives Matter movement, these trends may continue as the country finds ways to
improve race relations. Florida has experienced specific incidents of racial unrest and
violence as part of this trend and may continue to see these types of incidents in the
future.
Specific incidents occurring in a single jurisdiction can cause civil unrest nationally; the
Michael Brown shooting incident in Ferguson, MO is an example of this. On November
25, 2014, CNN reported that thousands of people in more than 170 U.S. cities ral lied to
protest the grand jury decision not to indict the officer involved.
Another recent trend is the destruction, defacement, and/or removal of statues and other
memorials dedicated to the Confederacy during the Civil War. Areas near Collier County
have experienced incidents of this nature, including the vandalization and subse quent
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removal of a confederate monument in West Palm Beach in August 2017, the removal
and renaming of streets in Hollywood in April 2018, and the removal of the Robert E.
Lee’s bust in Fort Meyers in March 2019. As the country continues to debate whether
monuments to the Confederacy are appropriate, these types of incidents may continue to
occur.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
In their article on “Understanding Riots” published in the Cato Journal (Vol. 14, No 1),
David D. Haddock and Daniel D. Polsby note that a large crowd itself is not an incipient
riot merely because it assembles a great many people. Haddock and Polsby explain that
“starting signals” must occur for civil disorder to erupt; thes e starting signals include
certain kinds of high-profile events. With any conventional triggering event, such as news
of an assassination or unpopular jury verdict, crowds form spontane ously in various
places as word of the incident spreads, without any one person having to recruit them.
But since not every crowd threatens to evolve into a riot, the authors reason that a
significant number of people must expect and desire that the crowd will become riotous.
In addition, “someone has to serve as a catalyst” The authors conclude that once
someone has taken a risk to get things started, the rioting will begin and spread until civil
authorities muster enough force to make rioters believe they face a realistic prospect of
arrest.
Collier County will likely experience future episodes of marches, protests,
demonstrations, and gatherings that could lead to some type of disruptive civil disorder.
However, based on the general history of civil disturbance and the various human factors
noted above, the probability that such incidents will develop into full -scale, widespread
riots is considered low.
Should the planning area experience future incidents of disruptive civil disorder or rioting,
the severity of a given event could range from low to high, depending on many factors.
Civil disturbances may result in arrests, damage to property (police vehicles with broken
windows, etc.), injuries, fatalities and manpower/overtime costs for police, fire, and other
response services.
• Probability: 2 – Possible
CLIMATE CHANGE
As a human-caused hazard, any changes in climate would not have a direct impact on
civil disorder. Far more relevant, though, could be the implications of future climate
change as a cause for civil disorder. Climate change impact forecasts include
increasingly extreme weather patterns that exacerbate issues of drought, flooding, severe
weather and other weather hazards globally that could affect whole ecosystems.
Incidents of civil disobedience could be a secondary result related to societal unrest
because of other climate-impacted hazards.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
As discussed above, the impacts from civil disorder vary greatly depending on the nature,
severity, and success of the attack.
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When rioting does break out, it generally proves extremely difficult for first-responder law
enforcement authorities to quell the mob promptly. The rules of constitutional law set
stringent limits on how police officers can behave toward the people they tr y to arrest.
Restraint also plays a crucial part in avoiding any action that “fans the flames.” Initial
police presence is often undermined because forces may be staffed below the peak loads
needed to bring things back under control. As a result, the riot may continue until enough
state police or National Guard units arrive to bolster the arrest process and subsequently
restore order. In many cases, damage to life and property may already be extensive.
PEOPLE
Injuries and fatalities can occur during civil unrest.
• Population Patterns:
o Increased population density in urban areas, particularly around
government buildings and public spaces.
o Vulnerable populations, such as older adults and those with mobility
challenges, may face difficulties during civil unrest.
o Growing seasonal and tourism population adding to potential crowd sizes
in public events and demonstrations.
o Underserved Populations: Residents in low-income or minority
communities may have less trust in authorities, leading to reduced
participation in safety measures during civil disturbances.
PROPERTY
Should a large gathering of people turn violent, damage to property and infrastructure can
result, as well as looting of property.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Expansion of large venues, civic centers, and event spaces, increasing the
risk of crowd-related incidents.
o Development of mixed-use urban centers attracting large gatherings in
small areas.
o Increased residential housing near commercial zones and public spaces,
exposing more residents to potential disruptions.
ENVIRONMENT
Environmental impacts could occur if the civil unrest occurs in an outdoor or
environmentally sensitive area. These impacts would be tied to the parameters of the
incident.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.105 summarizes the potential consequences of civil unrest.
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Table 2.105 – Consequence Analysis – Civil Unrest
Category Consequences
Public Possible injuries and fatalities can occur during civil unrest. The location of
the unrest will be inaccessible to those who live or work in that area.
Responders Localized impact expected to be severe for unprotected personnel and
moderate to light for protected personnel.
Continuity of
Operations (including
Continued Delivery of
Services)
Damage to facilities/personnel in the area of the incident may require
temporary relocation of operations; localized disruption of lines of
communication and destruction of facilities may postpone delivery of some
services.
Property, Facilities
and Infrastructure
Localized impact to facilities and infrastructure in the area of the incident.
Some severe damage possible.
Environment May cause extensive damage in isolated cases and some denial or delays in
the use of some areas. Remediation needed.
Economic Condition of
the Jurisdiction
Local economy and finances adversely affected, possibly for an extended
period, depending on damage.
Public Confidence in
the Jurisdiction’s
Governance
Ability to respond and recover may be questioned and challenged if planning,
response, and recovery not timely and effective.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes civil disturbance risk by jurisdiction. Risk is not expected
to change substantially between jurisdictions.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial
Extent
Warning
Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 2 2 2 4 3 2.3 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
2 2 2 4 3 2.3 M
Marco Island 2 2 2 4 3 2.3 M
Naples 2 2 2 4 3 2.3 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 2 2 2 4 3 2.3 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.20 CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE DISRUPTION
HAZARD BACKGROUND
This hazard is primarily focused on critical infrastructure disruptions that result from cyber
incidents or cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks are commonly defined as “deliberate attacks on
information technology systems in an attempt to gain illegal access to a computer, or
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purposely cause damage.” Cyber-attacks use malicious code to alter computer
operations or data. The vulnerability of computer systems to attacks is a growing concern
as people and institutions become more dependent upon networked technologies. The
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reports that “cyber intrusions are becoming more
commonplace, more dangerous, and more sophisticated,” with implications for private -
and public-sector networks.
There are many types of cyber-attacks. Among the most common is a direct denial of
service, or DDoS attack. This is when a server or website will be queried or pinged rapidly
with information requests, overloading the system and causing it to crash.
Malware, or malicious software, can cause numerous problems once on a computer or
network, from taking control of users’ machines to discreetly sending out confidential
information. Ransomware is a specific type of malware that blocks access to digital fil es
and demands a payment to release them. Hospitals, school districts, state and local
governments, law enforcement agencies, businesses, and even individuals can be
targeted by ransomware.
Cyber spying or espionage is the act of illicitly obtaining intellectual property, government
secrets, or other confidential digital information, and often is associated with attacks
carried out by professional agents working on behalf of a foreign governm ent or
corporation. According to cybersecurity firm Symantec, in 2016 “…the world of cyber
espionage experienced a notable shift towards more overt activity, designed to destabilize
and disrupt targeted organizations and countries.”
Major data breaches - when hackers gain access to large amounts of personal, sensitive,
or confidential information - have become increasingly common. The Symantec report
says more than seven billion identities have been exposed in data breaches over the l ast
eight years. In addition to networked systems, data breaches can occur due to the
mishandling of external drives, as has been the case with losses of some state employee
data.
Cybercrime can refer to any of the above incidents when motivated primarily by financial
gain or other criminal intent.
The most severe type of attack is cyber terrorism, which aims to disrupt or damage
systems in order to cause fear, injury, and loss to advance a political agenda.
• Warning Time: 4 – Less than six hours
• Duration: 3 – Less than one week
LOCATION
Collier County and its jurisdictions are highly interconnected and reliant on digital
systems, making them vulnerable to cyber disruption events. These incidents can occur
at any location where computing devices are used, affecting a single site or multiple areas
across the county. Cyber disruptions can have widespread impacts, extending beyond
the targeted system and affecting residents, businesses, and institutions throughout the
region. Even disruptions originating outside Collier County can have signifi cant
consequences locally. A cyber-attack could potentially impact critical infrastructure, such
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as public utilities, emergency services, healthcare systems, and financial institutions,
disrupting essential services across the county and its municipal jurisdictions. As such,
Collier County and its jurisdictions must remain vigilant and prepared for po tential cyber
threats.
• Spatial Extent: 4 – Large
EXTENT
The extent or magnitude/severity of a cyber disruption event is variable depending on the
nature of the event. A disruption affecting a small, isolated system could impact only a
few functions/processes. Disruptions of large, integrated systems and especia lly systems
related to the functionality of critical facilities could impact many functions/processes, as
well as many individuals that rely on those systems.
There is no universally accepted scale to quantify the severity of cyber-attacks. The
strength of a DDoS attack is sometimes explained in terms of a data transmission rate.
One of the largest DDoS disruptions ever, which brought down some of the internet’s
most popular sites on October 21, 2016, peaked at 1.2 terabytes per second. Data
breaches are often described in terms of the number of records or identities exposed.
• Impact: 3 – Critical
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
The Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, a nonprofit organization based in San Diego,
maintains an estimated timeline of 17,552 unique data breaches, of which at least 7,130
were acts of computer hacking, in the United States from 2005-2023. The database lists
700 total data breaches, including 330 hacking events in Florida, totaling over 19.6 million
records breached since 2005. One attack was recorded in Naples, and others almost
certainly included information on individuals who live in the region. Similarly, some
residents in the region were likely affected by national and international data breaches.
Media reports indicate an uptick in cyber-attacks across the state.
In 2018, Collier County was scammed out of $184,000 according to local news reports.
Money from County offices was wire transferred to a fraudulent contractor unknowingly.
The fraud originated abroad. Money was recovered from insurance carriers and the
correct contractor was paid in full.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Cyber-attacks occur daily, but most have negligible impacts at the local or regional level.
The possibility of a larger disruption affecting systems within the area is a constant threat,
but it is difficult to quantify the exact probability due to such highly variable factors as the
type of attack and intent of the attacker. Minor attacks against business and government
systems have become a commonplace occurrence but are usually stopped with minimal
impact. Similarly, data breaches impacting the information of residents of the Collier
County area are almost certain to happen in coming years. Major attacks or breaches
specifically targeting systems in the area are less likely but cannot be ruled out.
• Probability: 2 – Possible
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CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is not expected to affect critical infrastructure disruption.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
As discussed above, the impacts from a cyber-attack vary greatly depending on the
nature, severity, and success of the attack.
PEOPLE
Cyber-attacks can have a significant cumulative economic impact. According to the
Internet Crime Complaint Center run by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S.
experienced a loss of $27.6 billion between the years 2018 to 2022. A major cyber-attack
has the potential to undermine public confidence and build doubt in their government’s
ability to protect them from harm.
• Population Patterns:
o Growing reliance on critical infrastructure to support residential and
commercial growth.
o Vulnerable populations, such as elderly residents and medically dependent
individuals, relying on power-dependent medical devices.
o Increased density in urban centers, intensifying the impacts of infrastructure
failures.
o Underserved Populations: Low-income households may be
disproportionately affected by prolonged power outages due to limited
backup resources and access to alternative shelter.
Injuries or fatalities from cyber-attacks would generally only be possible from a major
cyber terrorist attack against critical infrastructure.
PROPERTY
Short of a major cyber terrorist attack against critical infrastructure, property damage from
cyber-attacks is typically limited to computer systems.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Expansion of residential and commercial developments, increasing the
demand on energy and water systems.
o Development of new commercial hubs that require cybersecurity and grid
resilience enhancements.
o Limited redundancy in power and water infrastructure in new housing areas.
ENVIRONMENT
Short of a major cyber terrorist attack against critical infrastructure, property damage from
cyber-attacks is typically limited to computer systems. A major cyber terrorism attack
could potentially impact the environment by triggering a release of a hazardous materials,
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or by causing an accident involving hazardous materials by disrupting traffic -control
devices.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.106 summarizes the potential consequences of a cyber threat.
Table 2.106 – Consequence Analysis – Cyber Threat
Category Consequences
Public Cyber-attacks can impact personal data and accounts. Injuries or fatalities
could potentially result from a major cyber terrorist attack against critical
infrastructure.
Responders Injuries or fatalities could potentially result from a major cyber terrorist attack
against critical infrastructure.
Continuity of
Operations (including
Continued Delivery of
Services)
Agencies that rely on electronic backup of critical files are vulnerable. The
delivery of services can be impacted since governments rely, to a great
extent, upon electronic delivery of services.
Property, Facilities
and Infrastructure
Rare. Most attacks affect only data and computer systems. Sabotage of
utilities and infrastructure from a major cyber terrorist attacks could potentially
result in system failures that damage property on a scale equal with natural
disasters. Facilities and infrastructure may become unusable as a result of a
cyber-attack.
Environment Rare. A major attack could theoretically result in a hazardous materials
release.
Economic Condition of
the Jurisdiction
Could greatly affect the economy. In an electronic -based commerce society,
any disruption to daily activities can have disastrous impacts to the economy.
It is difficult to measure the true extent of the impact.
Public Confidence in
the Jurisdiction’s
Governance
The government’s inability to protect critical systems or confidential personal
data could impact public confidence. An attack could raise questions
regarding the security of using electronic systems for government services.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes critical infrastructure disruption risk by jurisdiction. Risk
is not expected to change substantially between jurisdictions.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades
City 2 3 4 4 3 3.0 H
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
2 3 4 4 3 3.0 H
Marco Island 2 3 4 4 3 3.0 H
Naples 2 3 4 4 3 3.0 H
Unincorporated
Collier County* 2 3 4 4 3 3.0 H
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*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.21 SPECIAL EVENTS
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
Special events are defined as events of national significance or important visitors.
Important visitors can include dignitaries among others. Many issues can arise because
of these events including civil disturbance, terrorism, and criminal activity.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security deem events that could be potential targets
for terrorism or other criminal activity National Special Security Events (NSSE). These
events can include but are not limited to summits of world leaders, meetings of
international organizations, presidential nominating conversations, and presidential
nominations. These events mostly occur in a specific location for a specific amount of
time.
In order to determine what qualifies as a special event or an NSSE, there are several
factors to consider.
Table 2.107 below shows some common factors that would cause an event to be a special
or NSSE event.
Table 2.107 – Special Event Factors to Consider
Factor Description
Dignitary Attendance Events attended by U.S. officials or foreign dignitaries may cause
federal interest to guarantee the event occurs without incident, or at
least that resources are available in the case that an incident occurs.
Size More attendees and participants in an event cause more security
measures to be needed. Larger events typically attract more attention of
terrorists or criminals and may see weapons of mass destruction.
Significance An event that has historical, political, cultural, or symbolic significance
may attract criminal or terrorist activity.
Duration If an even lasts several days or weeks, it is unlikely local and state law
enforcement alone will be able to control the security of said event.
Federal assistance may be required.
Availability of State and
Local Resources
If state and local jurisdictions don’t have the expertise, experience, or
manpower to ensure protection of those at an event, federal assistance
may be required.
Number of Jurisdictions Multiple jurisdictions are sometimes required to coordinate law
enforcement and public safety agencies. It could be helpful to include an
agency to oversee the coordination.
Threat Assessments When there is anticipated terrorism or criminal activity.
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, National Special Security Event
(NSSE)
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Though these events are typically planned, issues could pop up at any moment giving
little forewarning. Mobs or other types of civil disturbance can easily occur at or in
response to special events.
• Warning Time: 4 – Less than 6 Hours
• Duration: 2 – Less than 24 Hours
LOCATION
While special events could take place anywhere, they are most likely to occur at
locations that attract large crowds, such as public spaces, entertainment venues, and
hotels, golf courses and transportation corridors. Collier County and its jurisdictions host
numerous annual events that draw significant attendance and require careful planning
to ensure public safety and emergency preparedness. Some of the major recurring
events in the county include, but are not limited to:
• Naples Winter Wine Festival (January) – A world-renowned charity event that
attracts high-profile attendees and large crowds.
• Marco Island Seafood and Music Festival (March) – A popular event featuring
food, music, and vendors, drawing both residents and tourists.
• Everglades Seafood Festival (February) – A major community gathering in
Everglades City that attracts thousands of visitors.
• Swamp Buggy Races (January & November) – A signature Collier County
event that draws large crowds to the Florida Sports Park.
• Naples International Film Festival (October) – An event that brings filmmakers
and audiences from around the country.
• Stone Crab Festival (October) – A celebration of the region’s seafood industry,
held along Naples’ waterfront areas.
• Farmers Markets and Art Shows (Seasonal, October – April) – Regular
seasonal events that draw significant foot traffic throughout the county.
• Sports Tournaments and Marathons (Year-Round) – Including golf
tournaments, triathlons, and charity runs that bring participants from various
locations.
• Fourth of July Fireworks and Parades (July 4th) – Large-scale holiday
celebrations that occur across the county.
• Naples Christmas Parade and Holiday Events (December) – Annual festivities
that attract families and visitors to downtown Naples and other locations.
Collier County and its jurisdictions are susceptible to incidents that may occur during
these and other special events. Large gatherings present potential challenges related to
public safety, crowd control, traffic management, and emergency response. As such, it
is essential for Collier County and all participating jurisdictions to implement
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comprehensive preparedness and response strategies to mitigate potential risks
associated with these events.
• Spatial Extent: 1 – Negligible
EXTENT
Special events tend to be in a small area which will be most impacted. In some cases,
road closures may be expected for high volume traffic purposes.
• Impact: 1 – Minor
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
As detailed in the Civil Disturbance hazard in Section 2.5.19, the Miami Riot of 1968
occurred because of the Republican National Convention, a special event being held in
Miami. While not in Collier County, it was nearby in Miami-Dade County.
PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Collier County’s beaches and proximity to Big Cypress National Preserve and Everglades
National Park make it a popular destination for several special events. Therefore, it is
likely that more special events will occur in the county in the future.
• Probability: 3 – Likely
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is not expected to impact special event hazards. However, there could
be more climate change summits or perhaps politically charged protests in the future
which would require special security and preparation.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
Special events by nature will congregate a group of people together, however large.
Having a group of people in the same space can cause logistical problems. This leads to
the possibility of injury or death, though death is unlikely unless there is a concu rrent
hazard such as terrorism, civil disturbance, or a natural disaster.
• Population Patterns:
o Population surges during major sporting events, festivals, and dignitary
visits.
o Temporary increases in transient populations (e.g., tourists, vendors)
concentrated in small areas.
o Vulnerable populations, such as children and elderly attendees, may
require special planning during mass gatherings.
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o Underserved Populations: Low-income residents in nearby
neighborhoods may experience disruptions to public services and
increased traffic congestion during large events.
PROPERTY
Any damages to property are likely to be localized to the event space. Anytime people
gather in the same space, there is a possibility of property damage.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Development of new sports complexes, parks, and civic centers, increasing
the frequency of large events.
o Growth of downtown areas with mixed-use developments that host multiple
public events.
o Limited parking and emergency access routes in newly developed event
venues.
ENVIRONMENT
Any damages to the environment are likely to be localized around an event. There is a
low possibility of environmental damage without a simultaneous natural or human caused
disaster.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.108 shows the consequences for special events.
Table 2.108 – Consequence Analysis – Special Events
Category Consequences
Public Localized impact expected to be moderate for affected areas and
moderate to light for other less affected areas without a concurrent hazard
or disaster.
Responders Adverse impact expected to be moderate for unprotected personnel and
moderate to light for trained, equipped, and protected personnel.
Continuity of Operations
(including Continued
Delivery of Services)
Localized disruption of roads caused by incidents may postpone delivery
of some services.
Property, Facilities and
Infrastructure
Localized impact to facilities and infrastructure in the areas of the incident.
Roads most adversely affected.
Environment Environmental damage to trees, bushes, beaches, etc. possible but
unlikely.
Economic Condition of
the Jurisdiction
Local economy and finances may be adversely affected, depending on
damage.
Public Confidence in the
Jurisdiction’s Governance
Ability to respond and recover may be questioned and challenged if
planning, response, and recovery not timely and effective.
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HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes special event hazard risk by jurisdiction. Risks
associated with this hazard do not vary substantially between jurisdictions.
Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades City 3 1 1 4 2 2.0 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
3 1 1 4 2 2.0 M
Marco Island 3 1 1 4 2 2.0 M
Naples 3 1 1 4 2 2.0 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 3 1 1 4 2 2.0 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.5.22 RED TIDE / ALGAE BLOOM
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
Red tide is a harmful type of algal bloom which are caused by colonies of algae growing
out of control in aquatic environments. The name can be misleading since the blooms
can be red, brown, blue, green, or yellow. Algae colonies themselves are not harmful until
they are in excess. When they’re out of control, they produce toxins that can harm
humans, fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and birds. Algae have a seasonal growth cycle
causing them to grow more in the spring and summer months, and they can often
disappear in the winter months. Temperature, day length, and rainfall also affect their
growth. The red tide organism, which is most commonly causing issues in Florida,
Karenia brevis, is monitored by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
(FWC). They take daily samples in multiple locations to determine the level of red tide at
any time.
The FWC measures the number of Karenia brevis cells in sample locations to determine
the level of red tide present in each area. Table 2.109 below shows the measurement
categories and possible effects of K. brevis.
Table 2.109 – Measurement and Effects of Karenia Brevis
Description K. brevis abundance Possible effects
Not
present-
background
Background levels of
1,000 cells or less No effects anticipated
Very low Greater than 1,000 to
10,000 cells per liter
Possible respiratory irritation
Shellfish harvesting closures when cell abundance equals or
exceeds 5,000 cells per liter
Low Greater than 10,000 to
100,000 cells per liter
Respiratory irritation
Shellfish harvesting closures
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Description K. brevis abundance Possible effects
Possible fish kills
Probable detection of chlorophyll by satellites at upper range
of cell abundance
Medium Greater than 100,000 to
1,000,000 cells per liter
Respiratory irritation
Shellfish harvesting closures
Probable fish kills
Detection of surface chlorophyll by satellites
High Greater than 1,000,000
cells per liter
Respiratory irritation
Shellfish harvesting closures
Probable fish kills
Detection of surface chlorophyll by satellites
Water discoloration
Source: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
The measurement system above is the legend key for Figure 2.55 and Figure 2.56 which
show Florida K. brevis concentrations in October 2021, November 2022, and December
2023 respectively. Over this period the concentration of the organism decreased to a “not
present” measurement on the west coast of Florida.
• Warning Time: 1 – More than 24 hours
• Duration: 4 – More than 1 week
Figure 2.55 – Red Tide Status Map, 2021-2022
Source: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
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Figure 2.56 – Red Tide Status Map, December 2023
Source: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
LOCATION
As of September 2024, scientists and researchers have reported little to no red tide
presence around Florida. However, since Karenia brevis, the organism responsible for
red tide, occurs naturally in the Gulf of Mexico, it is unlikely that red tide is permanently
eliminated. Collier County and its jurisdictions remain vulnerable to red tide and other
harmful algal blooms, particularly in coastal areas such as Naples, Marco Island, and
Everglades City. These blooms can occur along the county’s beaches, in es tuaries, and
within inland waterways connected to the Gulf, such as the Ten Thousand Islands and
the estuarine systems of Rookery Bay and the Cocohatchee River. The potential impacts
of red tide include fish kills, respiratory irritation, and economic effe cts on tourism and
fisheries, making ongoing monitoring and mitigation efforts crucial for the region.
Figure 2.57 shows where red tide was found close to Collier County between 2022 and
2023.
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Figure 2.57 - Karenia Brevis Cells per Liter, 2022-2023
Source: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commissio n
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Most of the sampling locations in late November 2023 showed little to no (less than 1,000)
K. brevis cells in southern Florida. The highest concentration was located just north of the
coastline of Collier County and was rated as “very low,” between 1,000 and 10,000 cells.
EXTENT
Karenia brevis is native to the Gulf of Mexico and is therefore found in the Gulf, often
close to shorelines. Most of the red tide found in or off the coast of Florida occur on the
western coast. However, red tide is also found on the eastern coast. This is due to the
Florida Current which carries organisms from the Gulf of Mexico around the southern
edge of Florida to the Atlantic Ocean. The Florida Current then joins with the Antilles
Current to become the Gulf Stream.
Red tide can get as large as 10,000 square miles anywhere throughout the water column.
This makes it very impractical to irradiate. Additionally, any current method of removing
the toxins from the blooms or water could cause irreversible damage to ecosystems.
• Impact: 2 – Limited
• Spatial Extent: 3 – Moderate
HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES
The first accounts of red tide in Florida came from the Spanish explorers thousands of
years ago and the first sufficiently documented account came from 1844. It has only
become well-known and studied in the past 60 years. A grant program called the Red
Tide Control and Mitigation Program began in 2007 with the goal of finding new ways to
control or mitigate the effects of red tide. It funded 12 projects that included outreach and
public information.
September 2022, just before the arrival of Hurricane Ian. After a period of the state
reporting no observations of K. brevis, Florida Fish and Wildlife reported concentrations
had been found in a sample taken 15 miles offshore of Collier County. Researchers
believed that this bloom was enhanced due to runoff left over by Hurricane Ian. Even
though blooms have only been monitored since 1954, few blooms have lasted longer than
the one that occurred between 2017-2019 as it killed millions of pounds of marine life and
shut down tourism, real estate, and recreational fishing in much of Lee, Collier, and
Charlotte Counties.
January 23, 2025, red tide is present offshore of Collier County, with respiratory irritation
reported in these areas. However, recent beach samples from locations such as Barefoot
Beach, Vanderbilt Beach, Seagate Beach, Naples Pier, and South Marco Beach have
shown no presence of red tide. Despite this, respiratory irritation may still occur at all
Collier County beaches, especially during onshore winds. Individuals with chronic
respiratory conditions should exercise caution when visiting these areas.
The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) has detected bloom
concentrations of the red tide organism Karenia brevis in samples from nearby counties,
including Manatee, Sarasota, Charlotte, and Lee. Satellite imagery indicates chlorophyll
patches offshore of Lee, Collier, and Monroe counties, suggesting the presence of red
tide in these areas.
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PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCE
Considering that blooms and varying concentrations of K. brevis are occurring annually
and for extended periods of time, it is safe to say that red tides will likely occur in the
future. Scientists and researchers are working on ways to control and mitigate it. It is
expected that there will be another great bloom in the future.
• Probability: 3 – Likely
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is expected to severely affect our ability to control blooms. Algal blooms
thrive in higher air and ocean temperatures. In combination with fertilizer runoff which is
nitrogen-rich, red tide has gotten harder to control even in recent years. It could become
impossible to control in the future. K. brevis tends to thrive in water temperatures of 83
degrees Fahrenheit but can grow faster in hotter temperatures if there is more carbon
dioxide. Atmospheric carbon dioxide has been on the rise for a long time and that trend
will continue if society continues to burn fossil fuel.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
PEOPLE
K. brevis puts off brevotoxins which can cause respiratory issues and irritation of the
throat or skin in humans. Exposure can also occur through contamination of food or water
supply. Seafood from a contaminated area may be unsafe to eat.
• Population Patterns:
o Growing coastal population and tourists exposed to harmful airborne toxins
during red tide events.
o Increased risk to vulnerable populations, such as individuals with asthma
and other respiratory conditions.
o Higher population concentrations at popular beaches and waterfronts
during tourist seasons.
o Underserved Populations: Coastal workers, such as fishers and
hospitality staff, may face economic impacts and health challenges due to
prolonged red tide events.
PROPERTY
Toxins could seep into land close to the ocean or other affected areas. Damages to
property are highly unlikely.
• Land Use/Development Trends:
o Expansion of residential and commercial developments near waterways,
increasing nutrient runoff into the ocean.
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o Growth in agricultural activities contributing to nutrient loading in coastal
waters.
o Increased development of waterfront dining, marinas, and tourism hubs that
suffer economic losses during bloom events.
ENVIRONMENT
The environment is likely to be affected because red tide is so toxic. There could be loss
of life including birds, fish, shellfish, and aquatic animals. Additionally, water quality could
be negatively affected.
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Table 2.110 summarizes the potential consequences of red tide.
Table 2.110 – Consequence Analysis – Red Tide / Algae Bloom
Category Consequences
Public Exposure to brevetoxins can cause respiratory issues and irritation. Those
who encounter water with high K. brevis concentrations may have skin and
eye irritation or rashes. Those living and working closest to sites with K.
brevis face the greatest risk of exposure. Exposure may also occur through
contamination of food or water supplies.
Responders Responders face similar risks as the general public but a heightened potential
for exposure to toxins.
Continuity of
Operations (including
Continued Delivery of
Services)
A red tide incident may cause temporary localized impacts but is unlikely to
affect continuity of operations.
Property, Facilities
and Infrastructure
Damages to property are highly unlikely other than for ocean-side beaches.
Impacts would be highly localized.
Environment Possible ecological impacts include loss of wild and aquatic life, loss of
habitat, and degradation of water quality.
Economic Condition of
the Jurisdiction
Annual tourist, sales, health, and clean-up costs. Red tides are estimated to
cost $20 million in tourist-related losses in Florida each year. Clean-up costs
are around $163,000 annually.
Public Confidence in
the Jurisdiction’s
Governance
A red tide incident may affect public confidence if the environmental or health
impacts are enduring.
HAZARD SUMMARY BY JURISDICTION
The following table summarizes red tide algae bloom hazard risk by jurisdiction. Risk is
not expected to change substantially between jurisdictions. Jurisdictions with shoreline at
risk were assigned a probability of 3 (likely), an impact of 2 (limited), and a spatial extent
of 2 (small). Jurisdictions with little to no shoreline at risk were assigned a probability
score of 1 (unlikely), an impact of 1 (minor), and a spatial extent of 1 (negligible). Warning
time and duration are inherent to the hazard and remain constant across jurisdictions.
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Jurisdiction Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration Score Priority
Everglades
City 3 2 2 1 4 2.4 M
Seminole Tribe
Immokalee
Reservation
1 1 1 1 4 1.3 L
Marco Island 3 2 2 1 4 2.4 M
Naples 3 2 2 1 4 2.4 M
Unincorporated
Collier County* 3 2 2 1 4 2.4 M
*Note: Unincorporated Collier County includes the following jurisdictions: Collier County Government, Collier County
Public Schools, Collier Mosquito Control District, North Collier Fire Control District, Greater Naples Fire Rescue
District, Immokalee Fire Control District, Naples Airport Authority, Port of the Isles, and South Florida Water
Management District.
2.6 CONCLUSIONS ON HAZARD RISK
PRIORITY RISK INDEX
As discussed in Section 2.2 Hazard Identification, the Priority Risk Index was used to rate
each hazard on a set of risk criteria and determine an overall standardized score for each
hazard. The conclusions drawn from this process are summarized below.
Table 2.111 summarizes the degree of risk assigned to each identified hazard using the
PRI method.
Table 2.111 – Summary of PRI Results
Hazard Probability Impact Location Spatial
Extent Warning Time Duration PRI
Score
Natural Hazards
Flood Highly Likely Critical All County &
Jurisdictions Large 6 to 12 hours Less than 1 week 3.5
Tropical Cyclones Likely Catastrophic All County &
Jurisdictions Large More than 24
hrs Less than 1 week 3.3
Severe Storms1, 2
(Thunderstorm) Highly Likely Limited All County &
Jurisdictions Large Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 3.1
Severe Storms1
(Lightning) Highly Likely Minor All County &
Jurisdictions Negligible Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 2.2
Severe Storms1 (Hail) Highly Likely Minor All County &
Jurisdictions Small Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 2.4
Severe Storms1, 2
(Tornado) Highly Likely Critical All County &
Jurisdictions Small Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 3.0
Wildfire2 Likely Critical All County &
Jurisdictions Moderate Less than 6 hrs Less than 1 week 3.1
Coastal Erosion2 Likely Limited All County &
Jurisdictions Small More than 24
hrs Less than 1 week 2.3
Drought Likely Minor All County &
Jurisdictions Large More than 24
hrs More than 1 week 2.5
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Hazard Probability Impact Location Spatial
Extent Warning Time Duration PRI
Score
Extreme Heat Highly Likely Limited All County &
Jurisdictions Large More than 24
hrs Less than 1 week 3.0
Sea Level Rise and other
Climate Change
Characteristics2
Likely Critical
All County &
Jurisdictions Large More than 24
hrs More than 1 week 3.1
Sinkholes Unlikely Limited All County &
Jurisdictions Negligible Less than 6 hrs More than 1 week 1.9
Winter Storms and
Freeze Likely Limited All County &
Jurisdictions Large More than 24
hrs Less than 1 week 2.7
Earthquake Unlikely Minor All County &
Jurisdictions Moderate Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 1.7
Tsunami2 Unlikely Limited All County &
Jurisdictions Moderate 6 to 12 hrs Less than 24 hrs 2.0
Technological and Human-Caused Hazards & Threats
Major Transportation
Incidents Possible Critical All County &
Jurisdictions Negligible Less than 6 hrs More than 1 week 2.5
Pandemic Outbreak Possible Critical All County &
Jurisdictions Moderate More than 24
hrs More than 1 week 2.6
Hazardous Materials Likely Limited All County &
Jurisdictions Negligible Less than 6 hrs Less than 24 hrs 2.3
Coastal Oil Spills2 Possible Limited All County &
Jurisdictions Small 6 to 12 hrs More than 1 week 2.3
Nuclear Power Plant2 Unlikely Catastrophic All County &
Jurisdictions Small Less than 6
hours More than 1 week 2.7
Terrorism Unlikely Catastrophic All County &
Jurisdictions Negligible Less than 6 hrs Less than 6 hrs 2.2
Mass Migration Incident Possible Critical All County &
Jurisdictions Moderate 6 to 12 hrs More than 1 week 2.8
Civil Disturbance Possible Limited All County &
Jurisdictions Small Less than 6 hrs Less than 1 week 2.3
Critical Infrastructure
Disruption Possible Critical All County &
Jurisdictions Large Less than 6 hrs Less than 1 week 3.0
Special Events Likely Minor All County &
Jurisdictions Negligible Less than 6 hrs Less than 24 hrs 2.0
Red Tide/Algae Bloom2 Likely Limited All County &
Jurisdictions Small More than 24
hrs More than 1 week 2.4
1Severe Storms and Tornadoes hazards average to a score of 2.76 and are therefore
considered together as a moderate-risk hazard.
2Note: These risks varied by jurisdiction, so the most severe score is shown.
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The results from the PRI have been classified into three categories based on the assigned
risk value which are summarized in Table 2.112:
• High Risk – Widespread potential impact. This ranking carries a high threat to
the general population and/or built environment. The potential for damage is
widespread.
• Medium Risk – Moderate potential impact. This ranking carries a moderate
threat level to the general population and/or built environment. Here the potential
damage is more isolated and less costly than a more widespread disaster.
• Low Risk – Minimal potential impact. The occurrence and potential cost of
damage to life and property is minimal. This is not a priority hazard.
Table 2.112 – Summary of Hazard Risk Classification
High Risk
(≥ 3.0)
Flood
Tropical Cyclones
Wildfire
Sea Level Rise
Extreme Heat
Civil Infrastructure Disruption
Moderate Risk
(2.0 – 2.9)
Severe Storms (Thunderstorm, Lightning, Hail,
Tornado)
Drought
Coastal Erosion
Winter Storms and Freeze
Tsunami
Mass Migration Incident
Nuclear Power Plant
Pandemic Outbreak
Major Transportation Incidents
Red Tide/Algae Bloom
Hazardous Materials
Coastal Oil Spills
Civil Disturbance
Terrorism
Special Events
Low Risk
(< 2.0)
Sinkholes
Earthquake
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2.7 REFERENCES
— Brink, Uri ten; David Twichell; Patrick Lynett; Eric Geist; Jason Chaytor; Homa Lee; Brian
Buczkowski; and Claudia Flores. Regional Assessment of Tsunami Potential in the Gulf of Mexico:
U.S. Geological Survey Administrative Report. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. 2009.
— CLIMOD 2. Northeast Regional Climate Center.
— Collier County local GIS data (parcels, building footprints, critical facilities, municipal boundaries).
2024.
— Collier County Tourist Development Council.
— Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy, 2020.
— Collier County Floodplain Management Plan, 2015.
— FEMA Disaster Declarations Summary, retrieved September 2024.
— FEMA Mitigation Ideas: A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards. 2013.
— FEMA. Collier County and Incorporated Areas Flood Insurance Study. Revised February 8, 2024.
— FEMA. Community Information System, as of September 2, 2024.
— FEMA, ISO. Collier County Repetitive Loss Data. March 31, 2019.
— FEMA. OpenFEMA. NFIP Multiple Loss Properties. 2024.
— Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Florida Geological Survey. Subsidence Incident
Reports. Accessed September 2024.
— Florida Department of Transportation. Florida Bridge Information, June 2024.
— IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I
to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (Solomon,
S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. A -2 EC 1165-2-212
1 Oct 11 Miller, eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York,
NY, USA.
— IPCC, 2014. Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working
Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
— IPCC, 2018: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of
1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the
context of strengthening the global response to the threat of clim ate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. Pörtner, D.
Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.
B. R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, T. Waterfield
(eds.)]. In Press.
— James B. Elsner, Svetoslava C. Elsner, and Thomas H. Jagger. The increasing efficiency of
tornadoes in the United States. Climate Dynamics/vol. 45 issue 3-4, pp 651-659.
— Mentaschi, L. et al. Global long-term observations of coastal erosion and accretion. August 27,
2018. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30904-w
— National Drought Mitigation Center, Drought Impact Reporter.
— National Integrated Drought Information System, U.S. Drought Portal.
— National Weather Service.
— NOAA, Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP).
https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/ccapregional.html
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SECTION 2: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT
Collier County, FL
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
WSP
September 2024
Page 276
— NOAA, National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database.
— NOAA, National Hurricane Center.
— NOAA, Office of Coastal Management.
— NOAA, 2022 Sea Level Rise Technical Report.
— NOAA, Tides and Currents.
— Southern Poverty Law Center
— Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment, 2024.
— State of Florida. Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plan. 20 23.
— USACE, Sea Level Analysis Tool
— U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
— U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 2018-2022 5-Year Estimates.
— U.S. Department of Agriculture, Risk Management Agency, Cause of Loss Historical Data Files,
2007-2023.
— U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration.
— U.S. Drought Monitor.
— U.S. Energy Information Administration
— U.S. Forest Service, Wildland Fire Assessment System.
— U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal Change Hazards Portal.
— U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program, Earthquake Catalog.
— U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2016: The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health
in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. http://dx.doi.org/10.7930/J0R49NQX
— USGCRP, 2017: Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I
[Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Hibbard, D.J. Dokken, B.C. Stewart, and T.K. Maycock (eds.)].
U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, 470 pp., do i: 10.7930/J0J964J6.
— USGCRP, 2018: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate
Assessment, Volume II [Reidmiller, D.R., C.W. Avery, D.R. Easterling, K.E. Kunkel, K.L.M. Lewis,
T.K. Maycock, and B.C. Stewart (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC,
USA, 1515 pp. doi: 10.7930/NCA4.2018.
— USGCRP, 2023: Fifth National Climate Assessment. Crimmins, A.R., C.W. Avery, D.R. Easterling,
K.E. Kunkel, B.C. Stewart, and T.K. Maycock, Eds. U.S. Global Change Research Program,
Washington, DC, USA. https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA5.2023
— VAISALA, National Lightning Detection Network.
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3
Mitigation Strategy
Goals & Objectives
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3.0 LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) established these goals
and objectives by drawing from the comprehensive plans and codes of their
respective communities. These goals, adopted as the official Local Mitigation
Strategy (LMS) goals, are reviewed annually and may be modified based on a
quorum vote of LMSWG members.
Note: Refer to Annex I of this LMS for the Collier County Floodplain
Management Plan. Paragraph 7.8 (Setting Goals) provides a detailed list of goals
established by the Floodplain Management Planning Committee to specifically
address flood hazard reduction in the county.
Since the 2015 LMS approval, the primary priorities and goals have remained
consistent. However, the LMSWG recently expanded the scope to include cyber
threats and sea level rise as emerging areas of concern. While the current goals
and objectives have largely stayed the same, they will be updated during the next
plan review cycle to reflect these evolving priorities.
DEFINITION: In this section, “Collier County” refers to all cities, participating
jurisdictions, and certain eligible private non-profit agencies under the oversight
of the Board of County Commissioners (BCC).
GOAL 1
Collier County shall pursue efforts to reduce the vulnerability and exposure of its
residents and guests by protecting lives and property from the effects of natural,
man-made and technological disasters.
Objective 1.1: Maximize the protection of the public’s health, safety and
welfare from natural, manmade and technological disasters.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 1.2: Reduce the potential loss of personal and public property
caused by natural, manmade and technological disasters.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 1.2.1: Collier County BCC and the municipalities shall pursue
efforts to reduce the number of repetitive loss properties within its
boundary.
• Hazard Mitigated: Flood, Tropical Cyclone, Sea Level Rise
Objective 1.2.1.1: Acquire the repetitive loss properties through funding
structured for such purposes.
• Hazard Mitigated: Flood, Tropical Cyclone, Sea Level Rise
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Objective 1.2.1.2: Elevate the repetitive loss properties through financial
incentive programs that are developed for such purposes.
• Hazard Mitigated: Flood, Tropical Cyclone, Sea Level Rise
Objective 1.3: Protect natural resources (such as environmentally
sensitive lands and aquifers) to maximize their survivability and to
safeguard them from damages caused by natural, manmade or
technological disasters.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 1.4: Ensure the Land Development Codes and Ordinances are
enough to protect public safety and property.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 1.5: Develop and maintain evacuation plans for the safe
evacuation of residents from coastal storm surges, inland flooding,
terrorist acts, hazardous material incidents and wildland fires.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 1.6: Protect dune systems and coastal/marine resources from
the adverse effects of coastal development.
• Hazard Mitigated: Tropical Cyclone, Sea Level Rise
Objective 1.7: Ensure that mitigation measures are adequately addressed
in the comprehensive system of coordinated planning, management and
land acquisition.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 1.8: Encourage land and water uses which are compatible with
the protection of environmentally sensitive lands and coastal resources.
• Hazard Mitigated: Flood, Tropical Cyclone, Sea Level Rise
Objective 1.9: Prohibit development and other activities which negatively
impact coastal dune systems and promote the restoration of dune systems
that have been damaged.
• Hazard Mitigated: Tropical Cyclone, Sea Level Rise
Objective 1.10: Expand shelter spaces for the growing number of People
with Special Needs (PSN) population. The shelters for the PSN
community should include hardened facilities equipped with generator(s)
sufficiently sized to meet the electrical needs to power the PSN’s medical
devices, facility air conditioning as well as provide power to the sewage
lift-stations.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
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GOAL 2
The Collier County Emergency Management Division will take a pro-active role in
ensuring intra-governmental coordination within Collier County Government and
inter-governmental coordination with other government agencies to enhance
hazard mitigation planning activities.
Objective 2.1: Coordinate state and federal disaster training programs
with all government agencies in Collier County.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 2.2: Coordinate the essential flow of information before, during
and after a disaster.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 2.3: Encourage cooperation and participation of all public and
private agencies in mitigation planning.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 2.4: Ensure that the Collier County Hazard Mitigation Annex to
the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan incorporates
appropriate mitigation measures as reflected in each agency’s Emergency
Support Function Annex or Standard Operating Procedures.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 2.5: Adopt and use the National Incident Management System
(NIMS) of Incident Command and the Florida Incident Command System
for disaster management.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
GOAL 3
Reduce the vulnerability of critical and public facilities from the effects of
terrorism, natural, man made and technological disasters.
Objective 3.1: Encourage designing and installing wind and/or water
proofing components and target hardening for all designated critical
facilities.
• Hazard Mitigated: Flood, Tropical Cyclone
Objective 3.2: Develop and maintain fuel, energy, communications and
preparedness plans that will be both practical and effective during periods
of disrupted energy and communication events.
• Hazard Mitigated: Flood, Tropical Cyclone, Cyber Attack
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Objective 3.3: Incorporate hazard mitigation measures such as wind/flood
proofing and target hardening during any rehabilitation of existing public
facilities.
• Hazard Mitigated: Flood, Tropical Cyclone
Objective 3.4: Harden shelter facilities (proposed and existing), from the
hazards they are vulnerable to as well as tying the sewage lift stations to
generator backup power.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 3.5: Continue to install backup power to all community sewage
lift stations.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 3.6: Support all governmental and quasi-governmental
initiatives to assure Continuity of Government (COG) through enhancing
individual agency Continuity of Operations Planning (COOP).
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
GOAL 4
Strengthen Post-Disaster, Recovery and Mitigation Plans.
Objective 4.1: Annually, analyze, review and update Post-Disaster,
Recovery, and Mitigation Plans and Ordinances.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 4.2: Work with other federal, state and local government
agencies to strengthen post-disaster, recovery, mitigation plans and
ordinances.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 4.3: Work with other federal, state and local government
agencies in both pre- and post-disaster recovery establishing contracts to
facilitate timely restoration of public and private infrastructure
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
GOAL 5
Improve coordination of disaster preparedness information through the
broadcast, social and print media to increase public awareness and participation
in preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation activities.
Objective 5.1: Develop and maintain a comprehensive multi-media, multi-
lingual public education program of disaster preparedness, response,
recovery and mitigation.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
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Objective 5.2: Conduct educational programs and research to meet local,
state, regional planning, growth management and hazard mitigation needs
or concerns.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 5.3: Work with media representatives to establish a
standardized format for use in dissemination of information to the media
during all phases of a disaster.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 5.4: Develop and maintain intergovernmental/coordinated
information and uniform procedures for public information offices during
periods of potential disaster situations.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
GOAL 6
Collier County and local Municipalities shall make every reasonable effort to
protect water resources, unique natural habitats and ecologically sensitive areas
such as wetlands, waterways and hardwood hammocks, and restore, to the
maximum extent feasible, degraded natural systems to their original state.
Objective 6.1: Conserve and protect wetlands and coastal natural
features to maintain their economic, aesthetic and recreational values.
• Hazard Mitigated: All Hazards
Objective 6.2: Acquire, retain, manage and inventory public lands to
provide conservation and related public benefits.
• Hazard Mitigated: Flood & Tropical Cyclone
Objective 6.3: Promote the use of agricultural and horticultural practices
which are compatible with the protection of natural systems.
• Hazard Mitigated: Flood, Tropical Cyclone
Objective 6.4: Protect and restore the ecological functions of wetland
systems to ensure their long-term environmental, economic and
recreational values.
• Hazard Mitigated: Flood, Tropical Cyclone
Objective 6.5: Protect and enhance water sources, public utilities,
wetlands, natural habitats from potential natural (wildfire and weather),
manmade and terrorist acts.
• Hazard Mitigated: Flood, Tropical Cyclone
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4
Procedures for
Prioritizing Hazard
Mitigation Initiatives
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 October 1, 2024
4-1
4.0 Procedures for Prioritizing Hazard Mitigation Initiatives
4.1 SCORING
4.1.1 Changes Since the Last LMS Update
Since the approval of the 2015 LMS, the main change to priorities has been in how the working
group establishes project priorities for each new Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)
opportunity. Details on the prioritization process are provided in Section 4.1.3.1, explaining the
methods used to ensure fair consideration for all participating jurisdictions.
4.1.2 Project and Action Item Listing (Annex E)
Annex E contains a list of projects and action items identified by participating jurisdictions within
Collier County as necessary for effective hazard mitigation. Any initiatives submitted by a
participating jurisdiction are added to the prioritized project/initiative list in Annex E (LMS link).
Placement on this list is determined by the score each project receives on the "Mitigation
Initiatives Evaluation Score Sheet" found in Annex H.
Each jurisdiction or agency submits initiatives designed to address identified hazards specific to
their area. Upon submission, each initiative is scored according to criteria established by the
LMSWG to best reflect the mitigation needs of Collier County. Scoring includes three key criteria
required by FEMA: cost-effectiveness (represented by the benefit-cost ratio), technical
feasibility, and environmental soundness.
4.1.3 Initiative Submission and Review Process
When submitting initiatives, each jurisdiction or agency is responsible for scoring their project
and completing a “simplified benefit-cost analysis (BCA)” before submitting it electronically in
MS Word format to the LMSWG via the Collier County Emergency Management Office. The
simplified BCA should use realistic estimates of potential losses, rather than relying solely on
the total replacement cost of facilities and equipment.
Additionally, the submitting entity must present their project to the LMSWG, providing details on
the project’s impact and supporting the presentation with graphics and/or maps to show the
project location. The LMSWG reviews both the initiative and its recommended score, and,
following review, the initiative is added to the Prioritized Listing of Mitigation Action Items (Annex
E).
4.1.3.1 Special Rules for Prioritizing Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) Projects
Following each disaster in the State of Florida, FEMA provides hazard mitigation funding
through the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP). For each HMGP opportunity, the Local
Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) establishes a project priority list to guide funding
decisions.
Process
1. Notification and Intent to Apply: After each disaster, the LMSWG Chair notifies all
agencies with projects listed in Annex E (Prioritized Listing of Mitigation Action Items) to
determine their intent to apply for HMGP funding. Once the “Notification of Funds
Availability” (NOFA) is received, the Chair will issue a formal notice to project sponsors
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 October 1, 2024
4-2
in Annex E, giving them 30 days from the NOFA date to confirm their intent to apply for
funding.
2. Project Prioritization by Jurisdictions: Agencies that do not intend to apply for HMGP
funding are not required to take further action. Agencies intending to apply must
prioritize their projects for submission to FEMA. Once each jurisdiction has established
its project priorities, jurisdictions will be listed alphabetically (e.g., A, B, C) according to
an LMSWG-approved method. In this order, each jurisdiction’s top-priority project is
added sequentially to the State/FEMA priority list: the first project from “A” is prioritized
first, the first project from “B” is second, and so forth. This sequence continues until all
intended projects are prioritized.
3. Late Submissions: Project score sheets received after the official project prioritizing
date will be added to the end of the prioritized list in the order they are received by the
Emergency Management Office. Note: While not all HMGP projects may be funded,
applications must be submitted by the NOFA closing date to be considered for funding
as it becomes available.
4. Documentation of Local Share Commitment: Applicants must provide the LMSWG
Chair with documentation of the commitment to local share funding, approved by their
governing body. The Chair will issue a letter to each applicant to include with their grant
application package, indicating that the project aligns with the county’s mitigation
strategy and showing its position on the priority list.
4.1.4 Preliminary Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) Requirement
For each project submitted to the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG),
jurisdictions must conduct a preliminary Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA). A more detailed BCA,
following FEMA guidelines, will be required if the project proceeds to a federal grant application.
Note: A BCA is mandatory for all mitigation projects. However, a BCA is not required for
planning activities and some acquisition projects. The Florida Division of Emergency
Management (FDEM) Mitigation staff will perform the official FEMA BCA for all hazard mitigation
projects. Applicants may conduct a preliminary BCA themselves to assess project eligibility and
identify necessary documentation for the state’s mitigation project officer. Projects with a
benefit-cost ratio below 1.0 will not qualify for FEMA hazard mitigation grants.
Applicants and sub-applicants are strongly encouraged to use FEMA’s BCA software, available
free from FEMA by contacting the BCA hotline at 1-866-222-3580. While applicants may use
alternative programs or methods to calculate the benefit-cost ratio, any methodology must be
consistent with FEMA’s benefit-cost model and receive FEMA’s prior approval. Additional
information on FEMA’s BCA program and guidelines is available at
https://www.fema.gov/benefit-cost-analysis.
4.1.5 RULE FOR INITIATIVES THAT CAN NOT BE SCORED, BUT ACHIEVES A GOAL OF
THE LMS
Some initiatives, by their nature, cannot be scored or quantified effectively—for example,
projects like road elevation to improve evacuation routes or conducting community hurricane
preparedness seminars. While these initiatives may not lend themselves to a measurable score,
they still contribute to the goals of the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS).
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 October 1, 2024
4-3
In such cases, if applicants wish to include these initiatives on the priority listing, they will be
placed at the end of the list, in the order received and approved. If a project that was initially
unscored later receives a full score based on the established criteria, its position on the priority
chart may be adjusted accordingly.
Parameter Weighting Factor Percent Points
Suitability 25% 100% 25
Risk Reduction 50% 100% 50
Cost 25% 100% 25
Totals 100% 100
4.1.6 PROJECT & INITIATIVE VALIDATION
To keep the priority listing up to date, the LMSWG Chair may annually contact the agencies
responsible for each project or initiative to confirm their continued relevance and validity.
4.1.7 APPLICANT’S PROJECT WORKSHEET WEIGHTING
The following score weighting for each element of the project worksheet is designed to ensure
neutrality and objectivity in project scoring.
Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) Prioritization Matrix
Suitability 25%
# Parameter Weight Scoring Criteria (Select only 1 score option per parameter) Score Points
1 Appropriateness
of the Measure 40%
(5) High: Reduces vulnerability and aligns with LMS goals
and future growth plans. 5 200
(3) Medium: Needed but doesn’t directly address identified
vulnerabilities. 3 120
(1) Low: Inconsistent with LMS goals or growth plans. 1 40
2 Community
Acceptance 15%
(5) High: Endorsed by most communities. 5 75
(3) Medium: Generally accepted but may cause burdens. 3 45
(1) Low: Not likely to gain community support. 1 15
3
Environmental
Impact 15%
(5) Positive Environmental Impact 5 75
(3) No Environmental Impact 3 45
(1) Negative Environmental Impact 1 15
4 Legislation 15%
(5) High: Consistent with current laws and regulations. 5 75
(3) Medium: New legislation or policy changes may be
needed. 3 45
(1) Low: Conflicts with existing laws and regulations. 1 15
5 Consistency with
Plans / Priorities 15%
(5) High: Fully consistent with existing plans. 5 75
(3) Medium: Some alignment with plans. 3 45
(1) Low: Conflicts with current plans. 1 15
Max Weight Factor 100% Suitability Subtotal: Sum of Suitability Points (Max = 500)
Suitability Score Sum of Suitability Points ÷ (Max possible 500) x (weight 100) %
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 October 1, 2024
4-4
Risk 50%
# Parameter Weight Scoring Criteria (Select only 1 score option per parameter) Score Points
1 Scope of Benefits 15%
(5) High: Benefits all municipalities and/or unincorporated
areas. 5 75
(3) Medium: Benefits half or more of municipalities and/or
unincorporated areas. 3 45
(1) Low: Benefits fewer than half of municipalities and/or
unincorporated areas. 1 15
2 Potential to
Protect Lives 35%
(5) High: Potential to protect more than 1,000 lives. 5 175
(3) Medium: Potential to protect up to 1,000 lives. 3 105
(0) Low: No lifesaving potential. 0 0
3
Importance of
Benefits 15%
(5) High: Essential services need. 5 75
(3) Medium: Necessary services. 3 45
(1) Low: Limited benefit or impact 1 15
4
Inconvenience of
problem
correction
10%
(5) None: No inconvenience caused. 5 50
(3) Moderate: Causes minimal inconvenience (e.g., traffic,
power loss). 3 30
(1) Significant: Causes extensive inconvenience. 1 10
5 Economic Impact 10%
(5) Minimal: Limited economic impact. 5 50
(3) Moderate: Some economic loss/disruption. 3 30
(1) Significant: High economic loss (e.g., business closures,
job loss). 1 10
6 Population
Impact 15%
(5) High: Benefits over 20,000 people. 5 75
(3) Medium: Benefits 4,000 to 20,000 people. 3 45
(1) Low: Benefits fewer than 4,000 people. 1 15
Max Weight Factor 100% Risk Subtotal: Sum of Risk Points (Max = 500)
Risk Score Sum of Risk Points ÷ (Max possible 500) x (weight 100) %
Cost 25%
# Parameter Weight Scoring Criteria (Select only 1 score option for each parameter) Score Points
1 Initial Cost 15%
(5) Low: $0 to $250,000 5 75
(3) Moderate: $251,000 to $1 million 3 45
(1) High: More than $1 million 1 15
2
Maintenance /
Operational
Costs
5%
(5) Low: Less than 5% per year of the initial cost. 5 25
(3) Moderate: 5%-10% per year of initial cost. 3 15
(1) High: More than 10% per year of initial cost 1 5
3
Environmental
Cost Impact 40%
(5) Positive Environmental Impact 5 200
(3) No Environmental Impact 3 120
(1) Negative Environmental Impact 1 40
4 Financing
Availability 10%
(5) Good: Grants and/or matching funds available. 5 50
(3) Moderate: Limited matching funds available. 3 30
(1) Poor: No funding sources or matching funds 1 10
5 Repetitive Flood
Damage 30%
(5) High: Resolves repetitive loss 5 150
(3) Low: Minimal effect on repetitive loss. 3 90
(1) Poor: No funding sources or matching funds 1 30
(0) Not and NFIP - Insured Structure 0 0
Max Weight Factor 100% Suitability Subtotal: Sum of Cost Points (Max = 500)
Cost Score Sum of Parameter Points ÷ (Max possible 500) x (weight 100) %
Benefit to Cost Ratio multiplied by the Final Score on the Project Score Sheet will
provide the final score for the Project Priority Listing.
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5
Application Process &
Funding Sources
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 October 30, 2024
5-1
5.0 APPLICATION PROCESS & FUNDING SOURCES
5.1 PURPOSE
This section outlines the process for securing funding for disaster mitigation projects and the steps to
include projects on the County's LMS Project Priority Listing in Annex E.
5.2 THE PROCESS
5.2.1 Identification and Submission of Mitigation Projects
Once a "ready-to-go" mitigation project is identified, the responsible entity should present the project
and its potential funding sources (if not listed in Annex D: Potential Grant Funding Sources) to the
LMS Working Group (LMSWG). This can be done by bringing the project to a scheduled LMSWG
meeting or by submitting it to the Collier County Emergency Management Division, which will add it to
an upcoming LMS meeting agenda. Each submission should include:
• A project summary
• Estimated costs
• A benefit-cost analysis
• Identified matching funds (if available)
• Potential funding sources (See Annex D for potential funding sources)
• A completed project scoring sheet (see Annex H)
5.2.2 Project Evaluation
The LMSWG will evaluate each project using the scoring sheet in Annex H. This evaluation considers
project readiness, funding source compatibility, and special procedures noted in Annex H. Reviews
may occur via email, phone, or in person, depending on time and availability. Additional or alternative
funding sources may be recommended as needed.
5.2.3 Applicant Responsibilities
The project applicant is ultimately responsible for project implementation, management, and progress
reporting.
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6
Plan Maintenance
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 October 31, 2024
Section 6 - 1
6.0 Monitoring, Evaluating & Updating the Plan and Incorporation of Local Mitigation
Strategy into Existing Plans
6.1.1 Monitoring and Maintaining the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS)
The Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) is recognized as a “living document,”
requiring ongoing monitoring, review, and updates to address evolving risks, changing
community needs, and emerging mitigation priorities. The Planning Coordinator within the
Collier County Emergency Management Division is responsible for tracking the plan's progress
and ensuring its continuous evaluation. The LMS Working Group (LMSWG) follows a structured
process, in coordination with the Planning Coordinator, to ensure the plan remains current and
effective.
A. Annual Review Process:
1. Quarterly Review: During the fourth quarter of each year, the LMS Chair formally urges
LMSWG members to conduct a comprehensive review and evaluation of the LMS. This
process allows the group to assess project priorities, address any changes in risks, and
propose necessary updates.
2. State Submission: The annual review concludes with a vote by the LMSWG to approve
any updates, which are then submitted to the Florida Division of Emergency
Management by the end of January each year to remain in compliance with state
requirements.
B. Ongoing Plan Evaluation:
1. Continuous Monitoring and Feedback: LMSWG members, voting representatives,
and the public are encouraged to actively monitor the plan’s effectiveness throughout the
year. At any time, members may recommend changes to the LMS, especially in
response to shifting risks or new information impacting prioritized projects.
2. Ad Hoc Committees: The LMS Chair may convene ad hoc committees as needed to
review specific recommendations and report findings to the LMSWG for consideration
and/or a formal vote.
C. Identification and Resolution of Gaps and Limitations:
As part of the ongoing evaluation of the Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS), the
LMS Working Group (LMSWG) continuously identifies gaps and limitations that may hinder
effective hazard mitigation across all jurisdictions and hazard types. These challenges may
include:
1. Limited Financial Resources: Insufficient funding for critical infrastructure
improvements, mitigation projects, and emergency response capabilities.
2. Staffing Constraints: A shortage of personnel dedicated to mitigation planning,
emergency response, and recovery efforts across various agencies and jurisdictions.
3. Aging Infrastructure: Existing infrastructure that may not meet current hazard
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 October 31, 2024
Section 6 - 2
mitigation standards, increasing vulnerability to hazards such as flooding, hurricanes,
and wildfires.
4. Public Awareness and Outreach: Challenges in effectively communicating hazard
risks, mitigation strategies, and available resources to the public and stakeholders.
5. Inter-Jurisdictional Coordination: Ensuring alignment of mitigation efforts across
multiple agencies and jurisdictions, addressing regulatory inconsistencies and enhancing
collaboration.
6. Technological Advancements: The need for improved data collection, monitoring
tools, and predictive modeling to better understand and mitigate risks.
7. Changing Hazard Profiles: Emerging threats such as climate change, sea-level rise,
and evolving technological hazards that require adaptive planning and response
strategies.
D. Strategies to Overcome Gaps:
To address these challenges, the LMSWG will implement a series of strategies to enhance
the county’s mitigation capabilities, including:
1. Securing Additional Funding: Actively pursuing federal and state grants, such as
FEMA's Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) and Hazard Mitigation
Grant Program (HMGP), to support mitigation initiatives.
2. Capacity Building: Providing ongoing training and professional development
opportunities for staff involved in mitigation planning and emergency management.
3. Infrastructure Modernization: Prioritizing the upgrade and replacement of critical
infrastructure to meet current hazard-resistant standards.
4. Enhanced Public Engagement: Expanding outreach efforts through workshops, social
media, and partnerships with community organizations to increase awareness and
participation.
5. Strengthening Collaboration: Fostering partnerships with regional, state, and federal
agencies to improve resource sharing and coordination.
6. Technology Integration: Leveraging advanced tools such as GIS, remote sensing, and
predictive analytics to enhance risk assessment and decision-making processes.
7. Adaptive Planning: Regularly reviewing and updating mitigation strategies to address
emerging risks and ensure alignment with evolving hazard profiles.
The LMSWG will incorporate identified gaps and proposed solutions into the annual review
process and quarterly meetings to ensure continuous improvement and adaptation of the
LMS to meet Collier County's evolving needs.
E. Public Involvement:
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Section 6 - 3
1. Floodplain Management Meetings: During annual public outreach meetings for the
Floodplain Management Plan, the public is reminded of the LMSWG’s role, Collier
County’s Local Mitigation Strategy, and the value of their input and participation in the
plan’s ongoing development.
Document Accessibility:
The latest electronic version of the LMS is maintained at the offices of the Floodplain Managers
(City of Naples, Marco Island, and Unincorporated Collier County), the Emergency Management
Office, and the Office of the Mayor of Everglades City. The document is also accessible online
at bit.ly/2nU3zO9 and can be requested in electronic form from the Emergency Management
Office at 8075 Lely Cultural Parkway, Naples, FL 34113.
6.1.2 Quarterly LMS Working Group (LMSWG) Meetings
The Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) holds quarterly meetings to
continuously monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS).
These meetings ensure that the LMS is regularly updated to reflect current needs and that
ongoing projects are on track.
Meeting Structure and Project Review:
• Presentation of New Initiatives: During each quarterly meeting, participating local
governments and agencies present any new mitigation initiatives they have identified.
These initiatives are reviewed and evaluated using the Mitigation Initiatives Evaluation
Scoring Sheet, ensuring each project aligns with the LMS’s goals and meets established
prioritization criteria.
• Incorporation of Initiatives: Once evaluated, initiatives that meet prioritization
standards are incorporated into the LMS. Initiatives that are successfully completed are
moved to the “Success” section of the LMS to document their impact, while those that
remain incomplete are re-evaluated to determine if they should be retained or adjusted
for future consideration.
Post-Disaster Integration:
After any significant disaster event, the LMSWG reviews lessons learned, or insights gained
from post-event interagency hazard mitigation reports. Relevant findings are then incorporated
into the LMS to improve future preparedness and mitigation efforts.
Ongoing Document Review:
In addition to project evaluations, the LMSWG regularly reviews and comments on the
effectiveness of related documents that impact mitigation activities, ensuring consistency with
the LMS’s goals. This includes ongoing evaluation of:
• Relevant Ordinances: Review of ordinances under consideration or revision that impact
hazard mitigation.
• Collier County Growth Management Plan (GMP): Alignment checks between the LMS
and the GMP, particularly the following elements:
o Conservation & Coastal Management Element
o Drainage Sub-Element
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o Solid Waste Sub-Element
o Housing Element
o Future Land Use Element, including Urban Future Land Use Designation, Urban
Coastal Fringe Sub-District, Density Rating System, Affordable Housing
Residential In-Fill, Transfer of Development Rights, and the Bayshore Gateway
Triangle Redevelopment Overlay
o Golden Gate Area Master Plan Element
This process allows the LMSWG to maintain a robust, coordinated approach to hazard
mitigation, ensuring that both the LMS and associated documents are current, comprehensive,
and effective in addressing Collier County’s evolving risk landscape.
6.1.3 Annual Reporting to the Citizen Corps Advisory Committee
Beginning in January 2005 and continuing each January, the Chair of the Collier County Local
Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) reports annually to the Collier County Citizen
Corps Advisory Committee. This report provides an assessment of the Local Mitigation
Strategy’s (LMS) effectiveness in meeting the county’s hazard and disaster mitigation needs.
Report Contents:
• Evaluation of Effectiveness: An overview of the LMS’s impact on hazard mitigation
efforts, highlighting how the strategy has addressed priority risks and needs within
Collier County.
• Updates and Revisions: A summary of any revisions made to the LMS, including
updates to mitigation initiatives and adjustments in response to changing risks or new
data. This section ensures that the Citizen Corps Advisory Committee is informed of any
modifications that enhance the LMS’s relevance and effectiveness.
This annual report promotes transparency, keeps key stakeholders informed, and ensures the
LMS is continually refined to serve the county’s evolving needs in hazard mitigation.
6.1.4 Public Involvement
The Collier County Emergency Management Department is responsible for scheduling all Local
Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) meetings and providing reasonable advance
notice to ensure public participation.
Meeting Notifications:
• Notice Distribution: Notices for all LMSWG meetings are coordinated through the
Collier County Communications and Customer Relations Department. This includes the
distribution of information via news releases and posting on the county’s website
calendar to reach a broad audience.
• Special Meetings: Any LMS committee member may call special meetings if significant
events alter or necessitate revisions to the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS). These
meetings will also follow the standard process of advance public notification to allow
community involvement.
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Annual Public Outreach:
At least once annually, public outreach sessions are conducted in alignment with the Floodplain
Management Plan’s outreach efforts. These sessions are strategically located throughout the
county to maximize accessibility for residents. During these events, the LMSWG Chair will invite
attendees to LMSWG meetings, provide an overview of the LMS’s purpose and objectives, and
encourage public input on hazard mitigation priorities.
By maintaining a proactive approach to public involvement, the LMSWG ensures that
community members have meaningful opportunities to contribute to Collier County’s mitigation
planning and are kept informed of the strategy’s goals and initiatives.
6.1.5 Updating the Plan
The Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) undergoes a comprehensive update every
five years. This formal review process ensures that the LMS continues to effectively address
Collier County’s evolving hazard mitigation needs and aligns with the latest FEMA requirements.
Collier County’s
Five-Year Review Timeline:
•Completion Deadline: The LMS review process is to be completed six months before
the five-year anniversary of the FEMA approval letter.
•Sub-Committee Review: The Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) may
appoint a sub-committee to conduct an in-depth audit of the LMS. This sub-committee
will assess the current plan’s effectiveness and identify any necessary revisions to meet
the county’s hazard mitigation needs.
•Responsible Party: The Planning Coordinator from the Collier County Emergency
Management Division is responsible for overseeing the five-year LMS review process,
ensuring that all required updates and revisions are completed in accordance with FEMA
guidelines and local priorities.
Progress Reporting and Member Involvement:
•Quarterly Updates: Throughout the five-year review cycle, portions of each quarterly
LMSWG meeting are dedicated to progress updates. The LMS Working Group
(LMSWG), in coordination with the Planning Coordinator from the Collier County
Emergency Management Division, evaluates specific sections of the LMS, assesses
their effectiveness, and recommends necessary changes to ensure the plan remains
relevant and effective.
•Final Reporting: Upon completion of the review process, the LMSWG, with oversight
from the Planning Coordinator, presents the updated LMS to the Collier County Citizen
Corps Advisory Committee. A summary of the evaluation process and results is also
provided to elected officials of participating local governments through their LMSWG
representatives for further review and feedback.
FEMA-Recommended Review Criteria:
In conducting the five-year review, the following six criteria, as recommended by FEMA, are
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considered:
•Alignment with Current Conditions: Ensuring that LMS goals and objectives address
present and anticipated conditions.
•Risk Analysis: Verifying if changes in the nature or magnitude of risks require updates.
•Resource Adequacy: Assessing whether existing resources are sufficient for
implementing the LMS.
•Implementation Challenges: Identifying any technical, political, legal, or coordination
issues affecting the LMS’s implementation.
•Outcome Verification: Evaluating if outcomes have aligned with initial expectations.
•Partner Participation: Reviewing the participation and contributions of agencies and
partners as outlined in the LMS.
This five-year update cycle ensures that the LMS remains an effective and responsive tool for
hazard mitigation in Collier County, adapting to both emerging challenges and community
needs.
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ITEM REVIEWED/APPROVED
LMSWG
Approved
mm/dd/yy
The LMSWG approved the sections when indicated. All meetings were advertised for public
participation & comment. The Collier County Citizens Corps, parent advisory group for the
LMSWG and at a publicly advertised meeting, approved the LMS and directed the LMSWG
Chair to have the LMS presented to the Collier County Board of County Commissioners
(BCC) for adoption at the April 13, 2020 BCC meeting with the understanding that the State
and FEMA may require editorial adjustments later which will be made upon approval of the
LMSWG.
Executive Summary 18 Oct 2019
Sec. 1 – Purpose, Organization & Outreach 18 Oct 2019
Sec. 2 – Hazard Identification & Vulnerability Analysis
Sec. 3 – LMS Goals & Objectives 18 Oct 2019
Sec. 4 – Procedures for Prioritizing Hazard Mitigation Initiatives 18 Oct 2019
Sec. 5 – Application Process & Funding Sources 18 Oct 2019
Sec. 6 – Monitoring, Evaluating & Updating the Plan and Incorporation of the
Local Mitigation Strategy into Existing Plans
18 Oct 2019
Annex A – Risk Assessments & Hazards Analyses
Annex B – Maps 18 Oct 2019
Annex C – Resolutions Added as received
Annex D – Procedures to Assure Public Involvement 18 Oct 2019
Annex E – Potential Grant Funding Sources 18 Oct 2019
Annex F – Prioritized Listing of Mitigation Action Items 18 Oct 2019
Annex G – Meeting Minutes 18 Oct 2019
Annex H – LMS Membership 18 Oct 2019
Annex I – Initiative Scoring Criteria 18 Oct 2019
Annex J – Collier County’s Floodplain Plans 18 Oct 2019
6.1.6 Submission and Adoption Process for the Five-Year Update
Prior to the five-year anniversary of the Local Mitigation Strategy’s (LMS) adoption, the Local
Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) will review and approve the draft update of the
LMS. The approved draft will then be transmitted to the Collier County Citizen Corps Advisory
Committee, which will forward it to the State Hazard Mitigation Officer at the Florida Division of
Emergency Management.
Review and Revisions:
•State Review: Once submitted, the draft LMS update will undergo review by the State
Hazard Mitigation Officer. Any comments or required revisions from the state will be
incorporated into the document by the LMSWG.
•Final Submission to County Commissioners: After revisions are complete, the
updated LMS will be submitted to the Collier County Board of County Commissioners
through the Citizen Corps Advisory Committee.
•Board Adoption: The Board of County Commissioners will review the updated LMS
and, following any necessary discussions, vote to adopt the revisions recommended by
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the LMSWG. Upon adoption, the updated LMS will continue to serve as the county’s
primary hazard mitigation planning document.
6.1.7 Quarterly Review and Endorsement of the LMS Update
In the quarter following the submission of the LMS draft update to the Collier County Board of
County Commissioners, the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) will convene to
review, endorse, and, if necessary, revise the report.
Consideration of Feedback:
During this meeting, the LMSWG will carefully consider feedback from participating local
governments, agencies, and other stakeholders. Any relevant comments or recommendations
from these entities will be assessed to ensure that the LMS reflects broad input and addresses
community-wide mitigation needs.
This collaborative review process ensures that the LMS remains comprehensive and aligns with
the needs and insights of all involved jurisdictions and partners.
6.1.8 Amendments Following Major Disasters or Hazard Events
In addition to the scheduled five-year update, the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) may be
amended as needed following a major disaster or significant hazard event. If such an event
necessitates substantial revisions, the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) may
vote to submit the amended LMS to the Collier County Board of County Commissioners and
participating City/Town Councils/Commissions for approval.
This process ensures that the LMS remains responsive and adaptable, incorporating lessons
learned and addressing newly identified risks to enhance resilience across Collier County.
6.2 Incorporation of the Local Mitigation Strategy into Existing Plans
To ensure comprehensive implementation of the Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS),
all participating local governments strive to integrate LMS goals and objectives into their
respective comprehensive plans and other foundational documents whenever possible. This
integration strengthens the county’s collective commitment to becoming a more disaster-
resilient community.
The Collier County Planning Department has facilitated this alignment by inviting LMSWG input
during the review of various plans and ordinances over the years. By seizing these
opportunities, Collier County has embedded mitigation principles across key policy documents,
including the Growth Management (Comprehensive) Plan, the Post-Disaster Ordinance, and the
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan.
Attachment 1 to this section provides specific examples of how mitigation activities have been
incorporated into these and other guiding documents, ensuring that disaster resilience remains
a core component of Collier County’s planning framework.
6.2.1 Future Process for Incorporating the Local Mitigation Strategy
Each jurisdiction within Collier County has outlined the following processes to ensure the Local
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Mitigation Strategy (LMS) is consistently integrated into their respective plans and ordinances:
6.2.1.1 Unincorporated Collier County
Coordinators in the Emergency Management Office, the Floodplain Manager, and members of
the Comprehensive Planning Section will review the goals and objectives of the LMS in
alignment with each plan and ordinance during its scheduled review. The Local Mitigation
Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) will specifically assess Goal 12 in the Conservation and
Coastal Management Element (CCME) of the Growth Management Plan (GMP), including
Policy 12.1.9, which references the Hazard Mitigation Plan. This assessment will help determine
if any modifications are necessary to meet current mitigation requirements. Where opportunities
arise, the responsible agency will seek LMSWG support in amending the appropriate
documents.
6.2.1.2 The City of Naples
The Floodplain Coordinator and Planning Department staff are currently working to incorporate
the LMS into the City’s Comprehensive Plan. The staff will continue to emphasize hazard
mitigation across government and community development sectors. The City’s Comprehensive
Emergency Management Plan (adopted on September 4, 2013, under Resolution 13-13325)
and the Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance (adopted on June 13, 2012, under Resolution 12-
13138) have been reviewed to ensure LMS alignment, with further amendments to be made as
necessary.
6.2.1.3 The City of Marco Island
The Growth Management Director, Chief Building Official, Floodplain Coordinator (CFM), and
staff from the Growth Management Planning Division are actively amending the City’s
Comprehensive Plan to incorporate various LMS initiatives. Staff will emphasize the goals and
objectives of the LMS in all governmental areas, particularly in the regulation and development
of both floodplain and non-floodplain areas. Attachment 2 provides examples of how the City
may integrate the LMS into existing plans.
6.2.1.4 The City of Everglades
The Mayor and City Council, representing Everglades City residents, will act as the Everglades
City Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (ECLMSWG) and will be responsible for
supporting grant applications to fund mitigation initiatives. The Mayor and Council will assist
applicants in submitting a Mitigation Initiative Evaluation Score Sheet to the Collier County Local
Mitigation Strategy Working Group (CCLMSWG) for review at regular CCLMSWG meetings.
•6.2.1.4.1 Mitigation Initiative Evaluation Score Sheet Process
o 6.2.1.4.1.1 The Mitigation Initiative Evaluation Score Sheet will outline the
project’s impact and value to the community, supported by a Benefit-Cost
Analysis (BCA) completed by the applicant.
o 6.2.1.4.1.2 The ECLMSWG will assist in preparing a presentation of Everglades
City’s mitigation initiatives for the CCLMSWG at an upcoming scheduled
meeting.
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o 6.2.1.4.1.3 An ECLMSWG representative will attend regular or special
CCLMSWG meetings to represent the City and report back to the Mayor and the
Office of the City Clerk.
o 6.2.1.4.1.4 Goal Achieved: This process provides a structured mechanism for
helping City residents and businesses acquire professional assistance and
funding to address documented hazards effectively.
6.3 Other Plan References
The Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) aligns closely with other local and regional
plans to create a unified and effective hazard mitigation framework. This integration ensures that
hazard mitigation principles are embedded across planning processes, addressing FEMA’s
criteria for plan coordination and promoting a resilient community.
6.3.1. Incorporation into Comprehensive Plans
The LMS references and integrates elements from the Collier County Comprehensive Plan,
including its Future Land Use Element, Conservation and Coastal Management Element, and
Capital Improvements Element. Specific policies and objectives related to hazard mitigation are
reviewed and incorporated to ensure:
•Land use decisions are consistent with reducing hazard vulnerability.
•Development density within Coastal High Hazard Areas (CHHAs) is controlled, reducing
risks to life and property.
•Evacuation capabilities and sheltering needs are accounted for in planning decisions.
Collier County Comprehensive Plan (Growth Management Plan) (Last Updated April
26, 2022, Ordinance Number 2022-14):
•Future Land Use Element: This element guides land use decisions to reduce hazard
vulnerability.
o Future Land Use Element
•Conservation and Coastal Management Element: Focuses on protecting natural
resources and managing coastal development.
o Conservation and Coastal Management Element
•Capital Improvement Element: Outlines infrastructure projects that support hazard
mitigation.
o Capital Improvement Element
6.3.2. Alignment with Emergency Management Plans
The LMS is closely aligned with the Collier County Comprehensive Emergency Management
Plan (CEMP). This alignment ensures that:
•Hazard mitigation strategies are integrated into preparedness, response, and recovery
efforts.
•Lessons learned from post-disaster recovery inform future mitigation initiatives.
Collier County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) (Last Updated
February 28, 2021, Ordinance Number 2021-77):
•Details preparedness, response, and recovery strategies, ensuring alignment with
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hazard mitigation efforts.
o Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
6.3.3. Integration into Land Development Codes
The LMS is incorporated into Collier County's Land Development Code to regulate building
practices and promote resilient construction. This includes:
•Strengthening building codes to mitigate flood, wind, and wildfire risks.
•Limiting development in high-risk areas such as CHHAs and wetland preservation zones.
Collier County Land Development Code (Updated on March 26, 2024 Ordinance
Number 2024-11; February 27, 2024 Ordinance Number 2024-05; and November 14,
2023 Ordinance Number 2023-63) :
•Regulates building practices and land use to promote resilience against hazards.
o Land Development Code
6.3.4. Coordination with the Capital Improvement Plan (CIP)
Mitigation initiatives identified in the LMS are prioritized in the Collier County Capital
Improvement Plan to:
•Secure funding and resources for critical infrastructure projects.
•Ensure public facilities and utilities are designed to withstand natural hazards.
Collier County Capital Improvement Plan (CIP):
•Prioritizes funding for infrastructure projects that enhance hazard resilience.
o Capital Improvement Plan
6.3.5. Leveraging Regional and State Plans
The LMS incorporates data and strategies from regional and state-level plans, such as the
Southwest Florida Regional Hurricane Evacuation Study and the Florida Coastal Management
Program, to ensure consistency and enhance collaboration.
Southwest Florida Regional Hurricane Evacuation Study:
•Provides data and strategies for effective evacuation planning.
o Southwest Florida Regional Hurricane Evacuation Study
Florida Coastal Management Program:
•Offers guidelines for managing coastal resources and mitigating related hazards.
o Florida Coastal Management Program
6.3.6. Ongoing Evaluation and Updates
To maintain relevance and compliance with FEMA’s criteria, the LMS incorporates a formal
process to review and integrate updates from other plans:
•Changes to the Comprehensive Plan, CEMP, or CIP are regularly evaluated for their
impact on mitigation efforts.
•Relevant stakeholders are engaged to align updates across plans.
Benefits of Integration
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By embedding hazard mitigation strategies into other plans, Collier County ensures:
1.A coordinated approach to reducing risk across all sectors.
2.Efficient use of resources by aligning goals and initiatives.
3.Compliance with FEMA’s requirement to integrate hazard mitigation into local planning
mechanisms.
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Attachment 1 to Section 6
PART I
COLLIER COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN EXCERPTS PERTAINING TO HAZARD MITIGATION
(NOTE: These excerpts are examples of hazard mitigation. Should you need to cite one of these examples or
need further information related to any of these, go to the cited URL, open the referenced PDF document and
then use the “Control – F” to search for all current and related information for your search.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FUTURE LAND USE ELEMENT
https://www.colliercountyfl.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/106446/638465425078400000
C. UNDERLYING CONCEPTS
Management of Coastal Development
Two major coastal development issues in Collier County are the protection of natural resources and the balancing of
risk in natural hazard areas.
Extensive populated areas in Collier County are vulnerable to periodic salt-water inundation from tropical storms or
hurricanes. It is extremely important that an acceptable balance between at-risk population and evacuation capability
be achieved. In addition, public and private investment in such vulnerable areas must be carefully considered.
This issue is addressed here and in the Conservation and Coastal Management Element through several measures. A
Coastal High Hazard Area is identified on the Future Land Use Map essentially as all lands seaward of US 41. This
line is based on the close fit to the storm Category 1 SLOSH area (potential for saltwater flooding from 1 storm in
12 years) and evacuation planning areas. Within the Coastal High Hazard Area maximum permissible residential
density is limited in recognition of the level of risk, the existing deficiency of evacuation shelter space and existing
patterns of density. The Coastal High Hazard Area is also identified in the Conservation and Coastal Management
Element and policies are provided therein. Finally, coastal natural hazards are addressed through Land Development
Regulations already in effect relating to coastal building standards, per Chapter 161, Florida Statutes, and protection
of structures from floods, per County participation in the FEMA Flood Insurance Program.
OBJECTIVE 1: Unless otherwise permitted in this Growth Management Plan, new or revised uses of land shall be
consistent with designations outlined on the Future Land Use Map. The Future Land Use Map and companion
Future Land Use Designations, Districts and Sub-districts shall be binding on all Development Orders effective with
the adoption of this Growth Management Plan. Standards and permitted uses for each Future Land Use District and
Subdistrict are identified in the Designation Description Section. Through the magnitude, location and configuration
of its components, the Future Land Use Map is designed to coordinate land use with the natural environment
including topography, soil and other resources; promote a sound economy; coordinate coastal population densities
with the Regional Hurricane Evacuation Plan; and discourage unacceptable levels of urban sprawl.
FUTURE LAND USE DESIGNATION DESCRIPTION SECTION
The following section describes the land use designations shown on the Future Land Use Map. These designations
generally indicate the types of land uses for which zoning may be requested. However, these land use designations
do not guarantee that a zoning request will be approved. Requests may be denied by the Board of County
Commissioners based on criteria in the Land Development Code or on special studies completed for the County.
I. URBAN DESIGNATION
Urban Designated Areas on the Future Land Use Map include two general portions of Collier County: areas with the
greatest residential densities, and areas in close proximity, which have or are projected to receive future urban
support facilities and services. It is intended that Urban Designated Areas accommodate the majority of population
growth and that new intensive land uses be located within them. Accordingly, the Urban Area will accommodate
residential uses and a variety of non-residential uses. The Urban Designated Area, which includes Immokalee and
Marco Island, represents less than 10% of Collier County’s land area.
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The boundaries of the Urban Designated Areas have been established based on several factors, including: patterns of
existing development; patterns of approved, but unbuilt, development; natural resources; water management;
hurricane risk; existing and proposed public facilities; population projections and the land needed to accommodate
the projected population growth.
*** *** TEXT BREAK *** ***
(IV)(XI)(XV)(XXI) 3. Urban Coastal Fringe Subdistrict:
The purpose of this Subdistrict is to provide transitional densities between the Conservation designated area
(primarily located to the south of the Subdistrict) and the remainder of the Urban designated area (primarily located
to the north of the Subdistrict). The Subdistrict comprises those Urban areas south of US 41, generally east of the
City of Naples, and generally west of the Rural Fringe Mixed Use District Neutral Lands, but excludes Section 13,
Township 51 South, Range 26 East, and comprises approximately 11,354 acres and 10% of the Urban Mixed Use
District. The entire Subdistrict is located seaward of the Coastal High Hazard Area Boundary. In order to facilitate
hurricane evacuation and to protect the adjacent environmentally sensitive Conservation designated area, residential
densities within the Subdistrict shall not exceed a maximum of 4 dwelling units per acre, except as allowed in the
Density Rating System to exceed 4 units per acre through provision of Affordable Housing and Transfers of
Development Rights, and except as allowed by certain FLUE Policies under Objective 5, and except as provided in
the Bayshore Gateway Triangle Redevelopment Overlay. New rezones to permit mobile home development within
this Subdistrict are prohibited. Rezones are recommended to be in the form of a Planned Unit Development.
*** *** TEXT BREAK *** ***
(IX) B. Rural Fringe Mixed Use District
The Rural Fringe Mixed Use District is identified on Future Land Use Map. This District consists of approximately
93,600 acres, or 7% of Collier County’s total land area. Significant portions of this District are adjacent to the Urban
area or to the semi-rural, rapidly developing, large-lot North Golden Gate Estates platted lands. Agricultural land
uses within the Rural Fringe Mixed Use District do not represent a significant portion of the County’s active
agricultural lands. As of the date of adoption of this Plan Amendment, the Rural Fringe Mixed Use District consists
of more than 5,550 tax parcels, and includes at least 3,835 separate and distinct property owners. Alternative land
use strategies have been developed for the Rural Fringe Mixed Use District, in part, to consider these existing
conditions.
The Rural Fringe Mixed Use District provides a transition between the Urban and Estates Designated lands and
between the Urban and Agricultural/Rural and Conservation designated lands farther to the east. The Rural Fringe
Mixed Use District employs a balanced approach, including both regulations and incentives, to protect natural
resources and private property rights, providing for large areas of open space, and allowing, in designated areas,
appropriate types, density and intensity of development. The Rural Fringe Mixed Use District allows for a mixture
of urban and rural levels of service, including limited extension of central water and sewer, schools, recreational
facilities, commercial uses and essential services deemed necessary to serve the residents of the District. In order to
preserve existing natural resources, including habitat for listed species, to retain a rural, pastoral, or park-like
appearance from the major public rights-of-way within this area, and to protect private property rights, the following
innovative planning and development techniques are required and/or encouraged within the District.
(IX)1. Transfer of Development Rights (TDR), and Sending, Neutral, and Receiving Designations: The
primary purpose of the TDR process within the Rural Fringe Mixed Use District is to establish an equitable method
of protecting and conserving the most valuable environmental lands, including large connected wetland systems and
significant areas of habitat for listed species, while allowing property owners of such lands to recoup lost value and
development potential through an economically viable process of transferring such rights to other more suitable
lands. Within the Rural Fringe Mixed Use District, residential density may be transferred from lands designated as
Sending Lands to lands designated as Receiving Lands on the Future Land Use Map, subject to the provisions
below. Residential density may not be transferred either from or into areas designated as Neutral Lands through the
TDR process.
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IX) A) Receiving Lands: Receiving Lands are those lands within the Rural Fringe Mixed Use District that have
been identified as being most appropriate for development and to which residential development units may be
transferred from areas designated as Sending Lands. Based on the evaluation of available data, these lands have a
lesser degree of environmental or listed species habitat value than areas designated as Sending and generally have
been disturbed through development, or previous or existing agricultural operations. Various incentives are
employed to direct development into Receiving Lands and away from Sending Lands, thereby maximizing native
vegetation and habitat preservation and restoration. Such incentives include, but are not limited to: the TDR process;
clustered development; density bonus incentives; and, provisions for central sewer and water. Within Receiving
Lands, the following standards shall apply, except for those modifications that are identified in the North Belle
Meade Overlay:
4. Emergency Preparedness:
a) In order to reduce the likelihood of threat to life and property from a tropical storm or hurricane event, community
facilities, schools, or other public buildings shall be designed to serve as storm shelters if located outside of areas
that are likely to be inundated during storm events, as indicated on the Sea, Lake, and Overland Surge from
Hurricane Map for Collier County. Impacts on evacuation routes, if any, must be considered as well. Applicants for
new residential or mixed use developments proposed for Receiving Lands shall work with the Collier County
Emergency Management staff to develop an Emergency Preparedness Plan to include provisions for storm shelter
space, a plan for emergency evacuation, and other provisions that may be deemed appropriate and necessary to
mitigate against a potential disaster.
b) Applicants for new developments proposed for Receiving Lands shall work with the Florida Division of Forestry,
Collier County Emergency Management staff, and the Managers of any adjacent or nearby public lands, to develop a
Wildfire Prevention and Mitigation Plan that will reduce the likelihood of threat to life and property from wildfires.
This plan will address, at a minimum: project structural design; the use of materials and location of structures so as
to reduce wildfire threat; firebreaks and buffers; water features; and, the impacts of prescribed burning on adjacent
or nearby lands.
V. OVERLAYS AND SPECIAL FEATURES
( XV) A. Area of Critical State Concern Overlay
The Big Cypress Area of Critical State Concern (ACSC) was established by the 1974 Florida Legislature. The
Critical Area is displayed on the Future Land Use Map as an overlay area. The Critical Area encompasses lands
designated Conservation, Agricultural/Rural, Estates and Urban (Port of the Islands, Plantation Island and
Copeland). The ACSC regulations notwithstanding, there is an existing Development Agreement between Port of
the Islands, Inc. and the State of Florida Department of Community Affairs, approved in July 1985, which regulates
land uses in the Port of the Islands Urban area; and, there is an Agreement between the Board of County
Commissioners and the Florida Department of Community Affairs, approved in April 2005, pertaining to
development in Plantation Island. Chocoloskee is excluded from the Big Cypress Area of Critical State Concern. All
Development Orders within the Critical Area shall comply with Chapter 28-25, Florida Administrative Code,
"Boundary and Regulations for the Big Cypress Area of Critical State Concern". Those regulations include the
following:
1. Site Alteration
b. Any non-permeable surface greater than 20,000 square feet shall provide for release of surface run off, collected
or uncollected, in a manner approximating the natural surface water flow regime of the area.
e. Fill areas and related dredge or borrow ponds shall be aligned substantially in the direction of local surface water
flows and shall be separated from other fill areas and ponds by unaltered areas of vegetation of comparable size.
Dredge or borrow ponds shall provide for the release of storm water as sheet flow from their downstream end into
unaltered areas of vegetation. Access roads to and between fill areas shall provide for the passage of water in a
manner approximating the natural flow regime and designed to accommodate the 50-year storm. Fill areas and
related ponds shall not substantially retain or divert the total flow in or to a slough or strand or significantly impeded
tidal action in any portion of the estuarine zone.
2. Drainage
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a.Existing drainage facilities shall not be modified so as to discharge water to any coastal waters, either directly or
through existing drainage facilities. Existing drainage facilities shall not be expanded in capacity or length except in
conformance with paragraph (2) below; however, modifications may be made to existing facilities that will raise the
ground water table or limit saltwater intrusion.
b.New drainage facilities shall release water in a manner approximating the natural local surface flow regime,
through a spreader pond or performance equivalent structure or system, either on site or to a natural retention, or
natural filtration and flow area. New drainage facilities shall also maintain a ground water level enough to protect
wetland vegetation through the use of weirs or performance equivalent structures or systems. Said facilities shall not
retain, divert, or otherwise block or channel the naturally occurring flows in a strand, slough or estuarine area.
c.New drainage facilities shall not discharge water into any coastal waters either directly or through existing
drainage facilities.
d.This rule shall not apply to drainage facilities modified or constructed in order to use land for agricultural
purposes or to convert land to such use.
3.Transportation
a.Transportation facilities which would retain, divert or otherwise block surface water flows shall provide for the re-
establishment of sheet flow through the use of interceptor spreader systems or performance equivalent structures and
shall provide for passage of stream, strand, or slough water through the use of bridges, culverts, piling construction
or performance equivalent structures or systems.
b.Transportation facilities shall be constructed substantially parallel to the local surface flow, and shall maintain a
historic ground water level sufficient to protect wetland vegetation through the use of weirs or performance
equivalent structures or systems and as feasible, the flows in such works shall be released to natural retention
filtration and flow areas.
c.Transportation facility construction sites shall provide for siltation and run-off control through the use of settling
ponds, soil fixing or performance equivalent structures or systems.
4.Structure Installation
a.Placement of structures shall be accomplished in a manner that will not adversely affect surface water flow or
tidal action.
b.Minimum lowest floor elevation permitted for structures shall be at or above the 100-year flood level, as
established by the Administrator of the Federal Flood Insurance Administration. The construction of any structure
shall meet additional Federal Flood Insurance Land Management and Use Criteria (24 CFR 1910), as administered
by the appropriate local agency.
(VII)Policy 5.6
For those lands that are not voluntarily included in the Rural Lands Stewardship program, Collier County shall
direct non-agricultural land uses away from high functioning wetlands by limiting direct impacts within wetlands. A
direct impact is hereby defined as the dredging or filling of a wetland or adversely changing the hydroperiod of a
wetland. This policy shall be implemented as follows:
1.There are two (2) major wetlands systems within the RLSA, Camp Keais, Strand and the Okaloacoochee Slough.
These two systems have been mapped and are designated as FSA‟s. Policy 5.1 prohibits certain uses within the
FSA‟s, thus preserving and protecting the wetlands functions within those wetland systems.
2.The other significant wetlands within the RLSA are WRA‟s as described in Policy 3.3. These areas are protected
by existing SFWMD wetlands permits for each area.
3.FSAs, HSAs and WRAs, as provided in Policy 5.3, and the ACSC have stringent site clearing and alteration
limitations, nonpermeable surface limitations, and requirements addressing surface water flows which protect
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wetland functions within the wetlands in those areas. Other wetlands within the RLSA are isolated or seasonal
wetlands. These wetlands will be protected based upon the wetland functionality assessment described below, and
the final permitting requirements of the South Florida Water Management District.
g . Wetland preservation, buffer areas, and mitigation areas shall be identified or platted as separate tracts. In the
case of a Planned Unit Development (PUD), these areas shall also be depicted on the PUD Master Plan. These areas
shall be maintained free from trash and debris and from Category I invasive exotic plants, as defined by the Florida
Exotic Pest Plant Council. Land uses allowed in these areas shall be limited to those listed above (3.e.iv.) and shall
not include any other activities that are detrimental to drainage, flood, control, water conservation, erosion control or
fish and wildlife habitat conservation and preservation.
TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT
(https://www.colliercountyfl.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/106788/638481833028770000)
(VI) OBJECTIVE 5:
The County shall coordinate the Transportation System development process with the Future Land Use Map.
(IV)(VI) Policy 5.8:
Should the TIS for a proposed development reflect that it will impact either a constrained roadway link and/or a
deficient roadway link within a TCMA by more than a de minimis amount (more than 1% of the maximum service
volume at the adopted LOS), yet continue to maintain the established percentage of lanes miles indicated in Policy
5.7 of this Element, a congestion mitigation payment shall be required as follows:
(VI) d. No impact will be de minimis if it exceeds the adopted LOS standard of any affected designated hurricane
evacuation routes within a TCMA. Hurricane routes in Collier County are shown on Map TR7. Any impact to a
hurricane evacuation route within a TCMA shall require a congestion mitigation payment provided the remaining
LOS requirements of the TCMA are maintained.
VI) OBJECTIVE 10:
The County shall encourage safe and efficient mobility for the rural public.
(VI) Policy 10.1:
The County shall examine the maintenance and operational needs of the rural roadway system, addressing the
mobility needs of rural residents to include the availability of roads for rural-to-urban travel, travel within the rural
area, and for emergency evacuation purposes.
CONSERVATION AND COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ELEMENT
(https://www.colliercountyfl.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/104600/638291703589230000
(II) OBJECTIVE 1.3:
Pursuant to Administration Commission Final Order AC-99-002 dated June 22, 1999, the County has completed the
phased delineation, data gathering, management guidelines and implementation of the Natural Resource Protection
Area (NRPA) program as part of the required Collier County Rural and Agricultural Assessment. Through this
Assessment, the County has determined that the NRPA program is not the only mechanism to protect significant
environmental systems. Accordingly, within the Rural Lands Stewardship Area Overlay in the Future Land Use
Element, the County has delineated Stewardship Sending Areas that will function to protect large environmental
systems. Pursuant to the following policies, the County shall protect identified environmental systems through the
NRPA and Rural Lands Stewardship programs.
(II) Policy 1.3.3:
Continue with management guidelines as defined within the County LDC that provide for the management and
conservation of the habitats, species, natural shoreline and dune systems for the undeveloped coastal barrier and
estuarine natural resources protection area.
(VI) Objective 2.1:
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By January 2008, the County shall complete the prioritization and begin the process of preparing Watershed
Management Plans, which contain appropriate mechanisms to protect the County’s estuarine and wetland systems…
(VI) Policy 2.1.4:
All Watershed Management Plans shall address the following concepts:
g. The effects on natural flood plains, stream channels, native vegetative communities and natural protective barriers
which are involved in the accommodation of flood waters;
OBJECTIVE 2.3:
All estuaries shall meet all applicable federal, state and local water quality standards.
Policy 2.3.5:
Continue to have staff coordinate with the City of Naples staff regarding coordinated and cooperative planning,
management, and funding programs for limiting specific and cumulative impacts on Naples Bay and its watershed.
At a minimum, this agreement includes the following:
a. Insure adequate sites for water dependent uses,
b. Prevent estuarine pollution,
c. Control run-off,
d. Protect living marine resources,
e. Reduce exposure to natural hazards,
f. Ensure public access,
g. Provide a continuing monitoring program.
(II)(III)(VI) Objective 6.1:
The County shall protect native vegetative communities through the application of minimum preservation
requirements. The following policies provide criteria to make this objective measurable. These policies shall apply
to all of Collier County except for that portion of the County which is identified on the Countywide Future Land Use
Map (FLUM) as the Rural Lands Stewardship Area Overlay.
(II)(III)(VI) Policy 6.1.1:
For the County’s Urban Designated Area, Estates Designated Area, Conservation Designated Area, and
Agricultural/Rural Mixed Use District, Rural-Industrial District and Rural-Settlement Area District as designated
on the FLUM, native vegetation shall be preserved through the application of the following preservation and
vegetation retention standards and criteria, unless the development occurs within the Area of Critical State Concern
(ACSC) where the ACSC standards referenced in the Future Land Use Element shall apply. Notwithstanding the
ACSC requirements, this policy shall apply to all non-agricultural development except for single-family dwelling
units situated on individual parcels that are not located within a watershed management conservation area identified
in a Watershed Management Plan developed pursuant to policies supporting Objective 2.1 of this Element.
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(II)(III)(VI) Policy 6.1.2:
For the County’s Rural Fringe Mixed Use District, as designated on the FLUM, native vegetation shall be
preserved on site through the application of the following preservation and vegetation retention standards and
criteria:
Preservation and Native Vegetation Retention Standards:
f.In order to ensure reasonable use and to protect the private property rights of owners of smaller parcels of land
within lands designated Rural Fringe Mixed Use District on the Future Land Use Map, including nonconforming
lots of record which existed on or before June 22, 1999, for lots, parcels or fractional units of land or water equal to
or less than five (5) acres in size, native vegetation clearing shall be allowed, at 20% or 25,000 square feet of the lot
or parcel or fractional unit, whichever is greater, exclusive of any clearing necessary to provide for a 15-foot wide
access drive up to 660 feet in length. For lots and parcels greater than 5 acres but less than 10 acres, up to 20% of the
parcel may be cleared. This allowance shall not be considered a maximum clearing allowance where other
provisions of this Plan allow for greater clearing amounts. These clearing limitations shall not prohibit the clearing
of brush or under-story vegetation within 200 feet of structures in order to minimize wildfire fuel sources.
(6)A management plan shall be submitted for all preserve areas identified by specific criteria in the land
development regulations to identify actions that must be taken to ensure that the preserved areas will function as
proposed. The plan shall include methods to address control and treatment of invasive exotic species, fire
management, stormwater management (if applicable), and maintenance of permitted facilities. If applicable, a listed
species monitoring program shall be submitted pursuant to Policy 7.1.2 (2)(i).
(II)(III)(VI) Policy 6.1.8: [re-numbered to reflect merger of Ordinance No. 2002-32 and 2002-54]
An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), or submittal of appropriate environmental data as specified in the
County’s land development regulations, is required, to provide a method to objectively evaluate the impact of a
proposed development, site alteration, or project upon the resources and environmental quality of the project area
and the community and to insure that planning and zoning decisions are made with a complete understanding of the
impact of such decisions upon the environment, to encourage projects and developments that will protect, conserve
and enhance, but not degrade, the environmental quality and resources of the particular project or development site,
the general area and the greater community. The County’s land development regulations shall establish the criteria
for determining the type of proposed development requiring an EIS, including the size and nature of the proposed
development, the location of the proposed development in relation to existing environmental characteristics, the
degree of site alterations, and other pertinent information.
(II)(III)(VI) Objective 6.2:
The County shall protect and conserve wetlands and the natural functions of wetlands pursuant to the appropriate
policies under Goal 6. The following policies provide criteria to make this objective measurable. The County’s
wetland protection policies and strategies shall be coordinated with the Watershed Management Plans as required by
Objective 2.1 of this Element.
(II)(III)(VI) Policy 6.2.6: [re-numbered to reflect merger of Ordinance No. 2002-32 and 2002-54]
Within the Urban Designation and the Rural Fringe Mixed Use District, required wetland preservation areas,
buffer areas, and mitigation areas shall be dedicated as conservation and common areas in the form of conservation
easements and shall be identified or platted as separate tracts; and, in the case of a Planned Unit Development
(PUD), these areas shall also be depicted on the PUD Master Plan. These areas shall be maintained free from trash
and debris and from Category I invasive exotic plants, as defined by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Land
uses allowed in these areas shall be limited to those listed in Policy 6.2.5(5)d of this element and shall not include
any other activities that are detrimental to drainage, flood control, water conservation, erosion control or fish and
wildlife habitat conservation and preservation.
(IV)OBJECTIVE 10.1:
Priorities for shoreline land use shall be given to water dependent uses over water related land uses and shall be
based on type of water-dependent use, adjacent land use, and surrounding marine and upland habitat considerations.
The Collier County Manatee Protection Plan (NR-SP-93-01) May 1995 restricts the location of marinas and may
limit the number of wet slips, the construction of dry storage facilities, and boat ramps, based upon the Plan’s
marina siting criteria.
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(VI) Policy 10.1.6:
All new marinas, water-dependent and water-related uses that propose to destroy viable, naturally functioning
marine wetlands shall be required to perform a fiscal analysis in order to demonstrate the public benefit and
financial feasibility of the proposed development.
OBJECTIVE 10.3:
Undeveloped coastal barriers shall be maintained predominantly in their natural state and their natural function shall
be protected, maintained and enhanced.
(VI) Policy 10.3.6:
Prohibit construction of structures seaward of the Coastal Construction Setback Line on undeveloped coastal
barriers. Exception shall be for passive recreational structures, access crossovers, and where enforcement would not
allow any reasonable economic utilization of such property. In the latter event, require construction that minimizes
interference with natural function of such coastal barrier system.
Policy 10.3.7:
Participate in and encourage Regional and State programs to acquire naturally functioning, undeveloped coastal
barrier systems to insure the preservation of their natural function.
(VI) Policy 10.3.13:
Substantial alteration of the natural grade on undeveloped coastal barriers, through filling or excavation shall be
prohibited except as part of an approved dune and/or beach restoration program, or as part of an approved public
development plan for one or more of the uses allowed by Policy 10.3.4, above.
OBJECTIVE 10.4:
Developed coastal barriers and developed shorelines shall be continued to be restored and then maintained, when
appropriate by establishing mechanisms or projects which limit the effects of development and which help in the
restoration of the natural functions of coastal barriers and affected beaches and dunes.
Policy 10.4.1:
Promote environmentally acceptable and economically feasible restoration of the developed coastal barriers and the
urban beach and dune systems.
Policy 10.4.2:
Prohibit further shore hardening projects except where necessary to protect existing structures, considering the total
beach system and adjacent properties.
(VI) Policy 10.4.3:
Collier County shall prohibit activities which would result in man-induced shoreline erosion beyond the natural
beach erosion cycle or that would deteriorate the beach and dune system. Implementation of this policy will be
based upon available scientific/coastal engineering literature/studies that have established benchmarks for natural
rates of beach erosion.
Policy 10.4.4:
Require dune stabilization and restoration improvements in land development projects along beach areas.
Policy 10.4.5:
Initiate and support beach and dune restoration and preservation programs where appropriate.
Policy 10.4.6:
Require native vegetation as landscaping in development activities in developed coastal barrier systems and on the
beach and dune systems.
(VI) Policy 10.4.7:
Collier County shall prohibit construction seaward of the Coastal Construction Setback Line except where such
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construction would be permitted pursuant to the provisions of the Florida Coastal Zone Protection Act of 1985,
where such prohibition would result in no reasonable economic utilization of the property in question, or for safety
reasons. In such cases, construction will be as far landward as is practicable and effects on the beach and dune
system and the natural functions of the coastal barrier system shall be minimized.
(VI) Policy 10.4.8:
Collier County shall allow construction seaward of the Coastal Construction Setback Line for public access and
protection and activities related to restoration of beach resources. Such construction shall not interfere with sea turtle
nesting, will utilize native vegetation for dune stabilization, will maintain the natural beach profile, will minimize
interference with natural beach dynamics, and, where appropriate, will restore the historical dunes with native
vegetation.
(VI) Policy 10.4.9:
Collier County shall prohibit seawall construction on properties fronting the Gulf of Mexico except in instances
where erosion poses an imminent threat to existing buildings.
(VI) Policy 10.4.10:
The County shall prohibit vehicles on beaches and dunes except for the following:
1. Emergency vehicles responding to incidents.
2. Vehicles associated with environmental maintenance, environmental monitoring, or conservation
purposes.
3. Vehicles limited to set-up and removal of equipment of permitted events, in conjunction with permanent
concession facilities, or permitted uses of commercial hotels.
4. Beach raking or beach cleaning.
5. Vehicles needed for beach nourishment or inlet maintenance
6. Vehicles necessary for construction that cannot otherwise access a site from an upland area.
Policy 10.4.12: In permitting the repair and/or reconstruction of shore parallel engineered stabilization
structures, require, where appropriate, at a minimum:
a. All damaged seawalls will be replaced with, or fronted by, b. Where appropriate, repaired structures will
be redesigned
Policy 10.4.13: Development and redevelopment proposals shall consider the implications of potential
rise in sea level.
OBJECTIVE 10.5:
For undeveloped shorelines, provide improved opportunities for recreational, educational, scientific, and esthetic
enjoyment of coastal resources by protecting beaches and dunes and by utilizing or where necessary establishing
construction standards, which will minimize the impact of manmade structures on the beach and dune systems.
Policy 10.5.1:
Recreation that is compatible with the natural functions of beaches and dunes is the highest and best land use.
Policy 10.5.2:
Prioritize acquisition efforts in order to meet the projected need for additional public beaches.
Policy 10.5.3:
Prohibit activities which would result in man induced shoreline erosion beyond the natural beach erosion cycle or
that would deteriorate the beach dune system.
(VI) Policy 10.5.4:
Prohibit construction of any structure seaward of the Coastal Construction Setback Line. Exception shall be for
passive recreational structures, access crossovers, and where enforcement would not allow any reasonable economic
utilization of such property. In the latter event, require construction that minimizes interference with natural function
of such beaches and dunes.
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(VI) Policy 10.5.5:
The County shall prohibit vehicles on the beaches and dunes except for emergency, environmental monitoring and
environmental maintenance purposes.
Policy 10.5.6:
Regulate activities so that they will not threaten the stability of the dunes or the beach itself.
Policy 10.5.7:
Pursue the acquisition of undeveloped beaches and dunes as the first alternative to development.
Policy 10.5.8:
Prohibit shoreline armoring processes and encourage non-structural methods for stabilizing beaches and dunes.
(VI) Policy 10.5.9:
Prohibit construction seaward of the Coastal Construction Setback Line except as follows:
a. Construction will be allowed for public access;
b. For protection and restoration of beach resources;
c. In cases of demonstrated land use related hardship or safety concerns as specified in The 1985 Florida
Coastal Zone Protection Act, there shall be no shore armoring allowed except in cases of public safety.
Policy 10.5.10:
Construction activities shall not interfere with the sea turtle nesting, shall preserve or replace any native vegetation
on the site, and shall maintain the natural beach profile and minimize interference with the natural beach dynamics
and function.
(VI) Policy 10.5.11:
The County will waive all other non-safety related setback requirements and site planning requirements before
allowing construction seaward of the Coastal Construction Setback Line.
Policy 10.5.12:
For all beach front land development related projects require dune stabilization and restoration improvements, the
removal of exotic vegetation, and replacement with native vegetation, as appropriate.
(I) OBJECTIVE 10.6:
The County shall conserve the habitats, species, natural shoreline and dune systems contained within the County’s
coastal zone.
(I)(VI) Policy 10.6.1:
In addition to those applicable policies supporting Objectives 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, and 10.5, development within
the County’s coastal zone shall also meet the following criteria:
1. Densities on the following undeveloped coastal barriers shall not exceed 1 unit per 5 acres;
a. Wiggins Pass Unit FL-65P,
b. Clam Pass Unit FL-64P,
c. Keywaydin Island Unit P-16,
d. Cape Romano Unit P-15.
2. Site alterations shall be concentrated in disturbed habitats thus avoiding undisturbed pristine habitats
(Reference Policy 10.1.4).
3. Beachfront developments shall restore dune vegetation.
4. Projects on coastal barriers shall be landscaped with native Southern Floridian species.
5. Boathouses, boat shelters and dock facilities shall be located and aligned to stay at least 10 feet from any
existing seagrass beds except where a continuous bed of seagrass exists off of the shore of the property, in which
case facility heights shall be at least 3.5 feet NGVD, terminal platforms shall be less than 160 square feet and access
docks shall not exceed a width of four (4) feet.
6. The requirements of this policy identify the guidelines and performance standards for undeveloped
coastal barriers and estuarine areas that are contained within the County’s coastal barrier and estuarine area Natural
Resource Protection Area (NRPA – reference CCME Policy 1.3.1). These guidelines and standards therefore
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satisfy the requirements of CCME Policy 1.3.1.
(I)(VI) OBJECTIVE 12.1:
The County will maintain hurricane evacuation clearance times as required by state law. An evacuation clearance
time shall be defined as having residents and visitors in an appropriate refuge away from storm surge prior to the
arrival of sustained Tropical Storm force winds, i.e., winds equal to or greater than 39 mph. To further these
objectives, for future mobile home developments located outside of the storm surge zone, such development shall
include on-site sheltering or retro-fitting of an adjacent facility. The Collier County Emergency Management
Department shall seek opportunities to increase shelter facilities and associated capacities under the direction of the
Department of the Florida Division of Emergency Management.
(VI) Policy 12.1.1:
Collier County will develop and maintain a comprehensive public awareness program. The program will be
publicized prior to May 30th of each year. Evacuation zones, public shelters and evacuation routes shall be printed
in each local newspaper, displayed on the Collier County Emergency Management website, and the availability of
this information will be discussed on local television newscasts. This information shall also be made readily
available to all hotel/motel guests.
(I) Policy 12.1.2:
Land use plan amendments in the Category 1 hurricane vulnerability zone shall only be considered if such increases
in densities provide appropriate mitigation to reduce the impacts of hurricane evacuation times.
(VI) Policy 12.1.3:
The County shall continue to identify and maintain shelter space for 32,000 persons by 2006 and 45,000 by 2010.
Shelter space capacity will be determined at the rate of 20 square feet per person.
(VI) Policy 12.1.4:
The County shall continue to maintain hurricane shelter requirements and standards for all new mobile home parks
and mobile home subdivisions, or existing mobile home parks and mobile home subdivisions in the process of
expanding, which accommodate or contain 26 units or more. Such mobile home parks or mobile home subdivisions
shall be required to provide emergency shelter space on-site, or to provide funding to enhance one or more existing
public shelters off-site. The building which provides the on-site shelter space (if this option is chosen) will be of
such a size as to provide shelter to park or subdivision residents at the rate of 20 square feet per person. For the
purposes of this policy, the size of the on-site shelter structure shall be determined by estimating the park or
subdivision population during the June-November time frame, based upon methodologies utilized by the Collier
County Emergency Management Department.
(VI) Policy 12.1.5:
On-site shelters within mobile home parks or mobile home subdivisions shall be elevated to a minimum height equal
to or above the worst case Category 3 hurricane flooding level, based upon the most current National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration’s storm surge model, known as Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes
(SLOSH). The wind load criteria for buildings and structures designated as “essential facilities” in the latest Florida
Building Code, shall guide the design and construction of the required shelters. Shelters shall be constructed with
emergency electrical power and potable water supplies; shall provide glass protection by shutters or other approved
material/device; and shall provide for ventilation, sanitary facilities and first aid equipment. A telephone, automatic
external defibrillator (AED) and battery operated radio are also required within the shelter.
(VI) Policy 12.1.6:
The Directors of the Transportation Planning and Emergency Management Departments will review, at least
annually, evacuation route road improvement needs to ensure that necessary improvements are reflected within
Table A, the Five-Year Schedule of Capital Improvements, as contained within the Capital Improvement Element of
this Growth Management Plan.
(VI) Policy 12.1.7:
The County shall update the hurricane evacuation portion of the Collier County Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan prior to June 1st of each year by integrating all appropriate regional and State emergency plans in
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the identification of emergency evacuation routes.
(VI)Policy 12.1.8:
The County's land development regulations include mitigation policies addressing flood plains, beach and dune
alteration and storm water management.
(I)(VI) Policy 12.1.9:
Collier County shall annually update its approved Hazard Mitigation Plan, formerly known as the “Local Hazard
Mitigation Strategy” through the identification of new or ongoing local hazard mitigation projects and appropriate
funding sources for such projects.
(I)(VI) Policy 12.1.10:
All new Public Safety facilities in Collier County will be flood-resistant and designed to meet 155 mph wind load
requirements and shall have provisions for back-up generator power.
(I)(VI) Policy 12.1.11:
The County will continue to coordinate with Collier County Public Schools to ensure that all new public schools
outside of the Coastal High Hazard Area are designed and constructed to meet the Public Shelter Design Criteria, as
contained in “State Requirements for Educational Facilities” (1999).
(I)(VI) Policy 12.1.12:
The County will continue to work with the Board of Regents of the State University System to ensure that all new
facilities in the State University System that are located outside of the Coastal High Hazard Area are designed and
constructed to meet the Public Shelter Design Criteria, as contained in “State Requirements for Educational
Facilities” (1999) and the Florida Building Code.
(I)(VI) Policy 12.1.13:
The County will continue to mitigate previously identified shelter deficiencies through mitigation from
Developments of Regional Impact, Emergency Management Preparedness and Enhancement grants, Hazard
Mitigation and Pre-disaster Mitigation Grant Programs funding, and from funds identified in the State’s annual
shelter deficit studies.
(VI)Policy 12.1.14:
Prior to adoption of the 2007 Annual Update and Inventory Report (A.U.I.R.), Collier County shall evaluate whether
to include hurricane shelters in the 5-year schedule of Capital Improvements.
(I)(VI) Policy 12.1.15:
All new nursing homes and assisted living facilities that are licensed for more than 15 clients will have a core area to
shelter residents and staff on site. The core area will be constructed to meet the Public Shelter Design Criteria that is
required for new public schools and public community colleges and universities (“State Requirements for
Educational Facilities,” 1999). Additionally this area shall be capable of ventilation or air conditioning provided by
back-up generator for a period of no less than 48 hours.
(I)(VI) Policy 12.1.16:
The County will coordinate with the Florida Department of Transportation on its plans to one-way evacuation routes
on State maintained roads that are primary evacuation routes for vulnerable populations.
(VI)Policy 12.1.17:
Collier County is conducting a Hurricane Evacuation Study. If warranted by the results of that study, further
restriction on development may be proposed.
(VI)OBJECTIVE 12.2:
The County shall ensure that publicly funded buildings and publicly funded development activities are carried out in
a manner that demonstrates best practice to minimize the loss of life, property, and re-building cost from the affects
from hurricanes, flooding, natural and technological disaster events. Best practice efforts may include, but are not
limited to:
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a. Construction above the flood plain;
b. maintaining a protective zone for wildfire mitigation;
c. installation of on-site permanent generators or temporary generator emergency connection points;
d. beach and dune restoration, re-nourishment, or emergency protective actions to minimize the loss of
structures from future events;
e. emergency road repairs;
f. repair and/or replacement of publicly owned docking facilities, parking areas, and sea walls, etc.
(VI) Policy 12.2.1:
The Hazard Mitigation section of the Collier County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) shall
continue to be reviewed and updated every four (4) years beginning in 2005. This periodic update of the CEMP shall
include a review and update (as may be necessary) of the County’s hurricane evacuation and sheltering procedures.
(VI) Policy 12.2.2:
Within the coastal high hazard area, the calculated needs for public facilities, as represented in the Annual Update
and Inventory Report (A.U.I.R.) and Five-Year Schedule of Capital Improvements, will be based on the County’s
adopted level of service standards and projections of future growth allowed by the Future Land Use Element.
Policy 12.2.3:
The County shall participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
(VI) Policy 12.2.4:
The County shall maintain requirements for structural wind resistance as stated in the latest edition of the Florida
Building Code.
(I)(VI) Policy 12.2.5:
The County shall consider the Coastal High Hazard Area as a geographical area lying within the Category 1 storm
surge zone as presently defined in the 2001 Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council’s Hurricane Evacuation
Study, or subsequently authorized storm surge or evacuation planning studies coordinated by the Collier County
Emergency Management Department and approved by the Board of County Commissioners.
Policy 12.2.6:
The County shall require that all new sanitary sewer facilities in the coastal high-hazard flood area be flood proofed,
be designed to reduce leakage of raw sewage during flood events to the maximum extent practicable and new septic
tanks shall be fitted with back-flow preventers.
(VI) Policy 12.2.7:
The County shall continue to assess all undeveloped property within the coastal high hazard area and make
recommendations on appropriate land use.
OBJECTIVE 12.3:
The County shall develop and maintain a task force that will plan and guide a unified County response to post-
hurricane disasters.
Policy 12.3.1:
The Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan shall comply with the policies under this objective, and shall
contain step-by-step details for post disaster recovery.
Policy 12.3.2:
After a hurricane that necessitated an evacuation, the Board of County Commissioners shall meet to hear
preliminary damage assessments. This will be done prior to re-entry of the population. At that time, the Commission
will activate the recovery task force and consider a temporary moratorium on building activities not necessary for
the public health, safety and welfare.
(VI) Policy 12.3.3:
The Recovery Task Force shall include the Sheriff of Collier County, the Community Development and
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Environmental Services Division Administrator, the Comprehensive Planning Director, the Zoning and Land
Development Review Director, the Emergency Management Director and other members as directed by the Board
of County Commissioners. The Board should also include representatives from municipalities within Collier County
that have received damage from the storm to become members of the Recovery Task Force.
(VI) Policy 12.3.4:
The Collier County Recovery Task Force responsibilities shall be identified in the Code of Laws and Ordinances.
Policy 12.3.5:
Immediate repair and clean-up actions needed to protect the public health and safety include repairs to potable
water, wastewater, and power facilities, debris removal, stabilization or removal of structures that are in danger of
collapsing, and minimal repairs to make dwellings habitable. These actions shall receive first priority in permitting
decisions.
Policy 12.3.6:
Structures in the coastal high-hazard area which have suffered damage to pilings, foundations, or load-bearing walls
on one or more occasion shall be required to rebuild landward of their current location or to modify the structure to
mitigate any recurrence of repeated damage.
(VI) Policy 12.3.7:
The County has developed, adopted and maintains a Post-disaster Recovery, Reconstruction and Mitigation
Ordinance, for the purpose of evaluating options for damaged public facilities including abandonment (demolition),
repair in place, relocation, and reconstruction with structural modifications. The process described within the
Ordinance considers these options in light of factors such as cost to construct, cost to maintain, recurring damage,
impacts on land use, impacts on the environment and public safety.
Policy 12.3.8:
Within 30 days of a hurricane resulting in disaster the County shall identify non-public structures in the coastal high-
hazard area, inventory their assessed value, judge the utility of the land for public access and make
recommendations for acquisition during post-disaster recovery.
(VI) OBJECTIVE 12.4:
The County shall make every reasonable effort to meet the emergency preparedness requirements of people with
special needs such as the elderly, handicapped, the infirmed and those requiring transportation from a threatened
area. In the event of a countywide emergency, such as a hurricane or other large-scale disaster, the County
Emergency Management Department shall open and operate one or more refuges for persons listed on the County’s
Special Needs Registry and their caregivers. Medical and support equipment at such refuges will include, but not
necessarily be limited to, respirators, oxygen tanks, first aid equipment, disaster cots and blankets, and defibrillators.
Policy 12.4.1:
All new hospitals, nursing homes, and adult congregate living facilities shall prepare an emergency preparedness
plan for approval by the Emergency Management Department prior to receiving a final development order.
Policy 12.4.2:
The County, in cooperation with other public agencies and public service groups, shall make a reasonable effort to
provide for the emergency transportation needs of people having limited mobility that do not reside in licensed
institutions serving people with special needs.
Policy 12.4.3:
The County, in cooperation with the Collier County Health Department and other public service groups shall make a
reasonable effort to provide basic medical services in selected shelters designated as special needs shelters.
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CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS ELEMENT
https://www.colliercountyfl.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/90085/637097662477270000
(VIII)Policy 1.2:
The quantity of public facilities that is needed to eliminate existing deficiencies and to meet the needs of future
growth shall be determined for each public facility by the following calculation:
Q = (S x D) - I.
Where: “Q” is the quantity of public facility needed,
“S” is the standard for level of service,
“D” is the demand, such as the population, and
“I” is the inventory of existing facilities.
A.The calculation will be used for existing demand in order to determine existing deficiencies. The calculation will
be used for projected demand in order to determine needs of future growth. The estimates of projected demand will
account for demand that is likely to occur from previously issued development orders as well as future growth.
Management and Future Land Use Elements of this Growth Management Plan.
(VIII)(X) OBJECTIVE 3 (PUBLIC EXPENDITURES: COASTAL HIGH HAZARD AREA):
Effective with plan implementation, limit public expenditures in the coastal high hazard area to those facilities, as
described in Policy 1.1 above, needed to support new development to the extent permitted in the Future Land Use
Element.
(VIII)(X) Policy 3.1:
The County shall continue to expend funds within the coastal high hazard area for the replacement and maintenance
of public facilities identified in the Conservation and Coastal Management Element including, but not limited to
arterial and collector roads, sanitary sewer service - wastewater treatment systems, potable water supply systems,
surface water – stormwater management systems, solid waste collection and disposal systems, natural groundwater
aquifer recharge areas, and park and recreation facilities.
(VIII)Policy 3.2:
Within the coastal high hazard area, the calculated needs for public facilities, as represented in the Schedule of
Capital Improvements, will be based on the County’s adopted level of service standards and projections of future
growth allowed by the Future Land Use Element.
(III)(VIII)(X) Policy 3.3:
The County shall continue to support public access to beaches, shores and waterways. Such support shall include
public expenditures for the maintenance of existing public facilities and beach renourishment, and may include
public expenditure for beach, shore and waterway access.
(VIII)Policy 4.7:
The County shall ensure that publicly funded buildings and publicly funded development activities are carried out in
a manner that demonstrates best practice to minimize the loss of life, property, and re-building cost from the effects
from hurricanes, flooding, natural and technological disaster events. Best practice efforts may include, but are not be
limited to:
a.Construction above the flood plain;
b.Maintaining a protective zone for wildfire mitigation;
c.Installation of on-site permanent generators or temporary generator emergency connection points;
d.Beach and dune restoration, re-nourishment, or emergency protective actions to minimize the loss of structures
from future events;
e.Emergency road repairs; and,
f.Repair and/or replacement of publicly owned docking facilities, parking areas, and sea walls.
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HOUSING ELEMENT
https://www.colliercountyfl.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/63316/635913815454370000
(II) OBJECTIVE 4:
Collier County and the City of Naples will conduct a comprehensive housing survey, every three years or sooner, for
the purpose of identifying substandard dwelling units. Through continued enforcement of County housing codes,
and the provision of housing rehabilitation or replacement programs, the number of substandard units (associated
with a lack of plumbing and/or kitchen facilities) throughout the County shall be reduced by 5% per year through
rehabilitation or demolition.
JOINT CITY/COUNTY POLICIES
(II) Policy 4.4:
In the event of a natural disaster, replacement housing shall comply with all applicable federal, state and local codes
and shall consider factors such as, but not limited to, commercial accessibility, public facilities, places of
employment, and housing income.
(II) OBJECTIVE 7:
Although mobile home developments currently exist within the coastal areas of Collier County, as a result of the
coastal community’s susceptibility to flooding and storm surges, no new rezone to permit mobile home development
will be allowed within the Coastal High Hazard Area, as depicted on the countywide Future Land Use Map.
CITY POLICIES
* Policy 7.2:
Additional mobile home developments will not be permitted in the city limits due to the City’s low elevation,
susceptibility to flooding, storm surges and high winds in hurricane and tropical storms and that mobile homes are
particularly vulnerable to damage.
COUNTY POLICIES
(II) * Policy 7.3:
The County has numerous sites where mobile homes are a permitted use and these sites will continue to be available
for mobile home developments. However, due to the low lying elevations, susceptibility to flooding, storm surges
and high winds from hurricanes and tropical storms, and that mobile homes are particularly vulnerable to damage,
no additional sites will be zoned for mobile home development within the Coastal High Hazard Area, as depicted on
the countywide Future Land Use Map.
GOLDEN GATE AREA MASTER PLAN
https://www.colliercountyfl.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/91413/637190036620030000
(VIII) OBJECTIVE 6.3:
In planning and constructing road improvements within Golden Gate Estates and Golden Gate City, Collier County
shall coordinate with local emergency services officials to ensure that the access needs of fire department, police and
emergency management personnel and vehicles are met.
(VIII) Policy 6.3.1:
Beginning in 2005, the Collier County Transportation Planning Department shall hold at least one annual public
meeting with Golden Gate Area emergency services providers and the local civic association in order to ensure that
emergency needs are addressed during the acquisition of right-of-way for design and construction of road
improvements.
(VIII) Policy 6.3.2:
Beginning in 2005, the Collier County Transportation Planning Department shall coordinate with Golden Gate Area
emergency services providers to prioritize necessary road improvements related to emergency evacuation needs.
(VIII) GOAL 7:
THE LIVES AND PROPERTY OF THE RESIDENTS OF THE GREATER GOLDEN GATE AREA, AS
WELL AS THE HEALTH OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, WILL BE PROTECTED THROUGH
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THE PROVISION OF EMERGENCY SERVICES THAT PREPARE FOR, MITIGATE, AND RESPOND
TO, NATURAL AND MANMADE DISASTERS.
(VIII) OBJECTIVE 7.1:
The Collier County Bureau of Emergency Services, Collier County Sheriff‟s Department, Golden Gate Fire Control
and Rescue District, and other appropriate agencies, will continue to maintain and implement public information
programs to inform residents and visitors of the Greater Golden Gate Area regarding the means to prevent, prepare
for, and cope with, disaster situations.
(VIII) Policy 7.1.1:
The County, fire districts that serve the Golden Gate area, and other appropriate agencies, shall embark on an
education program to assist residents in knowing and understanding the value and need for prescribed burning on
public lands in high risk fire areas.
(VIII) Policy 7.1.2:
The Golden Gate Fire Control and Rescue District and Collier County Bureau of Emergency Services shall actively
promote the Firewise Communities Program through public education in Golden Gate Estates.
(VIII) Policy 7.1.3:
By 2005, the Collier County Community Development and Environmental Services Division shall evaluate the Land
Development Code for Golden Gate Estates and shall eliminate any requirements that are found to be inconsistent
with acceptable fire prevention standards. This evaluation process shall be coordinated with the Golden Gate Fire
Control and Rescue District and the Collier County Bureau of Emergency Services.
(VIII) Policy 7.1.4:
The Golden Gate Fire Control and Rescue District and the Collier County Bureau of Emergency Services shall hold
one or more annual “open house” presentations in the Golden Gate Area emphasizing issues related to wildfires,
flooding, emergency access and general emergency management.
(VIII) OBJECTIVE 7.2:
Capital improvement projects within the Golden Gate Area shall be coordinated with all applicable emergency
services providers to ensure that the needs of these entities are included in the overall public project design.
(VIII) Policy 7.2.1:
Preparation of Collier County‟s annual Schedule of Capital Improvements for projects within the Golden Gate Area
shall be coordinated with the Fire Districts, public and private utilities, Emergency Medical Services Department
and the Collier County Sheriff‟s Department to ensure that public project designs are consistent with the needs of
these agencies.
(VIII) Policy 7.2.2:
The Golden Gate Fire Control and Rescue District, Collier County Emergency Medical Services Department and the
Collier County Sheriff‟s Department shall receive copies of pre-construction plans for capital improvement projects
in the Golden Gate Area and shall be invited to review and comment on plans for the public projects.
(VIII) OBJECTIVE 7.3:
While the County Transportation Planning Department is in the process of developing strategies for the
enhancement of roadway interconnection within Golden Gate City and the Estates Area, interim measures to assure
interconnection shall be developed.
(VIII) Policy 7.3.1:
By 2006, the Collier County Bureau of Emergency Services, the Collier County Transportation Division, Golden
Gate Fire Control and Rescue District, and other appropriate Federal, State or local agencies, shall begin establishing
one or more of the following routes for emergency evacuation purposes:
a. An I-75 Interchange at Everglades Boulevard.
b. Improved emergency access from Everglades Boulevard to I-75.
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c. Construction of a north-south bridge on 23rd Street, SW, between White Boulevard and Golden Gate
Boulevard.
(VIII) Policy 7.3.2:
All new residential structures shall comply with NFPA (National Fire Protection Association, Incorporated) 299
Standard for Protection of Life and Property from Wildfire, 1997 Edition, as adopted by reference in the Florida Fire
Code or the most recent edition.
(VIII) Policy 7.3.3:
Modified portions of existing structures shall meet NFPA Standards through the adoption of appropriate regulations
in the County Building Codes.
(VIII) Policy 7.3.4:
Beginning in 2006, County-owned property within Golden Gate Estates shall be subject to an active, on-going
management plan to reduce the damage caused by wildfires originating from County-owned properties.
(X) LAND USE DESIGNATION DESCRIPTION SECTION
The following section describes the three land use designations shown on the Golden Gate Area Future Land Use
Map. These designations generally indicate the types of land uses for which zoning may be requested. However,
these land use designations do not guarantee that a zoning request will be approved. Requests may be denied by the
Board of County Commissioners based on criteria in the Land Development Code or in special studies completed
for the County.
(X) 1. URBAN DESIGNATION: URBAN MIXED USE DISTRICT AND URBAN COMMERCIAL
DISTRICT
Urban Designated Areas on the Future Land Use Map include two general portions of Collier County: areas with the
greatest residential densities and areas in close proximity, which have or are projected to receive future urban
support facilities and services. It is intended that Urban Designated areas accommodate the majority of population
growth and that new intensive land uses be located within them. The boundaries of the Urban Designated areas
have been established based on several factors including:
patterns of existing development,
patterns of approved but unbuilt development,
natural resources, water management, and hurricane risk,
existing and proposed public facilities,
population projections, and
land needed to accommodate growth.
PART II
CODE OF LAWS & ORDINANCES (EXCERPTS)
(http://www.municode.com/library/clientCodePage.aspx?clientID=5149)
Chapter 38 – Civil Emergencies
Article I – Post- Disaster Recovery
Sec. 38-4. - Establishment of the post-disaster recovery task force.
The post-disaster recovery task force (task force) is hereby established as a post-disaster response management team
consisting of community organizations and county and municipal personnel to provide an efficient recovery
response to catastrophic disasters as provided for in Chapter 252, Florida Statutes. Upon direction of the Collier
County Board of County Commissioners (BCC), the county manager shall schedule meetings to discuss specific
roles and responsibilities of the task force in accordance with this article, and relative issues associated with
recovery, emergency temporary repairs, and reconstruction processes following a disaster.
(1) The membership of the task force shall be composed of the following:
a. The county manager, or designee.
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b. The community development and environmental services administrator, or designee.
c. The City Manager, or designee, for the City of Naples.
d. The City Manager, or designee, for the City of Marco Island.
e. The Mayor, or designee, for Everglades City.
f. The county transportation administrator, or designee.
g. The county public utilities administrator, or designee.
h. The county public services administrator, or designee.
i. The county health department director, or designee.
j. The county emergency management director, or designee.
k. The county human services director, or designee.
l. The county fire code official, or designee.
m. The county emergency medical services director, or designee.
n. The county communications and customer relations director, or designee.
o. A representative from the American Red Cross.
p. A representative from the school district of the county.
q. A representative from the Collier Building Industry Association, Inc.
r. A representative from the American Specialty Contractors of Florida, Inc.
s. A representative from the county sheriff's office.
t. A representative from the clerk of the circuit court.
u. A representative from the county's property appraiser's office.
v. Chair, or vice chair, of the local mitigation strategy working group.
w. The County Solid and Hazardous Waste or Director or Designee
(2) Duties of the post-disaster recovery task force shall include, but shall not be limited to the following:
a. Review all planning associated with the recovery and reconstruction process as described in the Collier County
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) and associated plans dealing with implementation of post-
disaster moratoria and build-back policies;
b. Provide recommendations to the BCC for direction on recovery priorities and goals, and to coordinate and
prioritize the recovery and reconstruction process with the construction industry;
c. Initiate recommendations to the BCC for the enactment, repeal or extension of emergency ordinances,
resolutions and proclamations for its consideration;
d. Recommend to the BCC the imposition of any building moratoria that may be warranted as a result of the
disaster;
e. Review the nature of damages, identify and evaluate alternate program objectives for repairs and reconstruction,
and formulate recommendations to guide the community in its recovery;
f. Coordinate and implement strategies for temporary housing efforts if recommended by the U.S. Department of
Homeland Security of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development and the state emergency response team;
g. Receive and review damage reports and other analysis of post-disaster circumstances, and to compare these
circumstances with mitigation opportunities identified prior to the disaster to determine appropriate areas for post-
disaster change and innovation; and, where needed, the task force may review alternative mechanisms to bring about
such changes and recommend the coordination of internal and external resources for achieving these ends including
consultant or contract labor;
h. Recommend to the BCC land areas and land use types that will receive priority in recovery;
i. Recommend to the BCC blanket reductions in non-vital zoning regulations and development standards (e.g.,
buffering, open space, side setbacks, etc.) to minimize the need for individual variances or compliance
determinations prior to reconstruction; and
j. Evaluate damaged public facilities and formulate alternative mitigation options (i.e., repair, replacement,
modification or relocation).
Sec. 38-5. - Establishment of emergency review board.
(2) The duties and authority of the emergency review board include, but are not limited to: Decisions rendered by
the emergency review board may be appealed to the board through the normal administrative appeals process
provided for in subsection 10.02.02.F.5.b. of the LDC.
a. Serve as an advisory committee to the task force;
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b. Review all planning activities associated with the recovery and reconstruction process as described in the
comprehensive emergency plan and associated plans dealing with post-disaster moratoria, build-back policies,
emergency permitting and zoning, condemnation of buildings for structural and electrical deficiencies, enforcement
and application of the LDC affecting setbacks, parking, buffering, open space, temporary signage, use of
recreational vehicles for temporary living purposes, and other associated land development regulations;
c. Establish and define criteria for emergency repairs, determine the duration of the build-back period for build-
back permitting activities and implement emergency permitting policies and procedures;
d. Supervise preliminary damage and detailed assessments; and
e. Consider grants of administrative variances, waivers or deviations to effectuate the buildback policy.
f. Assist in the implementation of local mitigation plans.
PART III
COLLIER COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN (CEMP)
(HTTPS://WWW.COLLIERCOUNTYFL.GOV/GOVERNMENT/COUNTY-MANAGER-
OPERATIONS/DIVISIONS/EMERGENCY-MANAGEMENT/LIBRARY-CMTE-REFERENCE/2021-CEMP
Mitigation is discussed throughout the CEMP. When you open the “Basic Plan” pdf document, plug in
the word “mitigation” into the “Ctrl –F” Find-function. Section G of the Basic Plan is devoted to the
mitigation activities.
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Attachment 2 to Section 6
Marco Island’s Comprehensive Plan
https://www.cityofmarcoisland.com/media/24536
Section I (Future Land Use Element)
Objective 1.2: The Future Land Uses depicted on the Future Land Use Map shall be
compatible and coordinated with existing topographic, soil, base flood, and
infrastructure services.
Policy 1.2.1: Proposed changes to the Future land Use Map will be thoroughly reviewed
for compatibility and coordination with underlying topographic, soil, flooding
probability, and existing infrastructure services to ensure the development
envisioned in the proposed change can be accommodated without adverse
impacts or severe limitations due to topographic, soil, or infrastructure
services.
Measurement: Number of Map changes approved after thorough analysis of the above mentioned
site characteristics.
Objective 1.3: The City shall refrain from approving any project or development that would
exceed prescribed densities or the overall desire to maintain a maximum net
density of less than four (4) units per acre if such project or development
could negatively impact hurricane evacuation plans, routes, or shelter
facilities.
Policy 1.3.1: Any request to change the Future Land Use Map shall be thoroughly
reviewed, and denied if such change would negatively impact hurricane
evacuation plans, routes, or shelter facilities.
Measurement: Number of desired Map changes denied due to hurricane evacuation factors.
Policy 1.3.3: The City shall continue to implement and update the approved post-disaster
redevelopment ordinance pursuant to Policies 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 of the
Conservation and Coastal Management Element.
Objective 1.4: Upon receipt of a valid hazard mitigation report from an authorized agency,
the City shall review and eliminate or reduce such uses consistent with the
hazard threat identified in the report.
Policy 1.4.1: Should the City receive a valid hazard mitigation report from an authorized
agency, the City shall review such report and take prudent action toward the
elimination or reduction of such uses consistent with the threat identified in the
report.
Measurement: Consideration of the elimination or reduction of uses identified in a valid
hazard mitigation report, when and ifsuch report is issued,
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Section IV (INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT)
Objective 1.4: The City will ensure thoughtful, thorough, pre- and post-storm planning to
ensure minimal disruption in service to customers
.
Measurement: Development by potable water service provider of detailed
hurricane/emergency operation and recovery plan.
Policy 1.4.1: To provide the public with essential information concerning plans in the
event of a storm event, the Public Works Department will prepare a detailed
hurricane and/or emergency operation plan.
Measurement: Plan presentation, approval, and public distribution.
Policy 1.4.2: The City will seek full recovery of service within two (2) weeks of any
category 3 hurricane for 80% of their customers on Marco Island.
Measurement: Progress toward the goal of two-week recovery from any category 3
hurricane.
Section V (coastal management element) talks about our post disaster redevelopment program.
GOAL 3: TO MINIMIZE HUMAN AND PROPERTY LOSS DUE TO TROPICAL STORMS
AND HURRICANES,
Objective 3.1: Reduce the threat of loss of life and property resulting from tropical storms and
hurricanes through diligent, cooperative preparation planning, improved evacuation
and sheltering facilities, and public education.
Policy 3.1.0.5: As virtually the entire Island is an evacuation zone for a Category One hurricane
future development and redevelopment shall be limited to and not exceed the densities and/or
intensities identified on the Future Land Use Map. This policy shall
not preclude reconstruction of structures as authorized under Policy 3.3.3 or the
subsequent Post-Disaster Redevelopment Plan.
Measurement: Issuance of development orders for new projects consistent with the densities
prescribed on the Future Land Use Map.
Policy 3.1.1: The City shall maintain and enforce building codes at least as stringent as required
by Florida law to limit the potential damage of structures from hurricanes and
tropical storms. These codes shall include wind-resistance commensurate with the
risk of a coastal environment and building elevation requirements that conform with
federal laws and Flood Insurance Rate Maps.
Measurement: The City shall adopt the new Florida Building Code pursuant to the prescribed
implementation schedule.
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****Policy 3.1.2: The City will continue to actively participate and interact with the County’s
Local
Emergency Management Planning (LEMP) organization to foster enhanced
emergency planning with special emphasis on maintaining or reducing hurricane
evacuation times from Marco Island.****
****Measurement: City representatives will actively participate in LEMP meetings.****
Policy 3.1.3: The City will develop a local hurricane plan, which will be annually reviewed and
revised before June 1st.
Measurement: Annual review of local hurricane plans
Policy 3.1.5: The City will work through the County staff to ensure that hurricane evacuation
shelters meet or exceed Red Cross standards, and that facilities are provided to
meet the needs of elderly and disabled persons.
Policy 3.1.6: Upon plan adoption the City will conduct at least one public hurricane preparation
meeting before hurricane season, and seek the assistance of local groups and
associations to distribute pertinent materials on hurricane preparation and
evacuation.
Measurement: Annual public hurricane preparation information meeting
Section VII (INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION ELEMENT)
Objective 1.1: The City of Marco Island will provide opportunities for planning
partners and affected entities to review and comment on the
Comprehensive Plan prior to formal adoption or amendment.
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A
ANNEX A: Maps
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ANNEX - A
ANNEX A
Maps
Collier County Maps:
Source: Collier County Growth Mgt. Plan (https://bit.ly/3Lt4hrl)
Current Collier County Land Use - 1
Future Collier County Land Use - 2 (Updated)
City of Naples Maps
Source: City of Naples Comprehensive Plan (https://www.naplesgov.com/planning)
Naples Current Land Use – 3
Naples Future Land Use – 4
Historic District of Naples – 4a
Everglades City Maps
Source: Everglades City Planning & Zoning Cmte. (https://bit.ly/3Lt4hrl)
Everglades City (EGC) Future Land Use Map Index - 5
(EGC Maps # - 1 through # - 12 follows)
Everglades City Land Use Map – 5a
City of Marco Island Maps
Source: City Comprehensive Plan (https://bit.ly/3Lt4hrl)
Marco Island Current Land Use - 6
Marco Island Future Land Use – 7
Other Maps
Collier County Storm Surge Map – 8 (from Hurricane Ctr SLOSH model)
Collier County Flood Map - 9 (from CC Growth Mgmt. Dept.) (Updated 2024)
Historical Structures Map – 10 (from State Historic Office)
Emergency Facilities Map – 11 (from Critical Facility listing)
Key Utilities Map – 12 (from Critical Facility listing)
Manufactured Home and RV Map – 13 (from CC Growth Mgmt. Dept.)
Hazardous Materials Map – 14 (from the Local Emergency Plng Cmte)
Assisted Living, Nursing & Care Facilities – 15 (from Critical Facility listing)
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ANNEX - A
Collier County Current Land Use #1
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ANNEX - A
Collier County Future Land Use #2
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ANNEX - A
Naples Current Land Use - 3
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ANNEX - A
Naples Future Land Use - 4
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ANNEX - A
Historic District of Naples - 4a
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ANNEX - A
Everglades City (EGC) Future Land Use – 5
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-1
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-2
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-3
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-4
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-4a
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-5
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-6
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-7
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-8
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-9
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-10
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-11
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ANNEX - A
Future Land Use – EGC Map 5-12
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Everglades City Land Use – Map 5a
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Marco Island Current Land Use - 6
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Marco Island Future Land Use – 7
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Collier County Storm Surge Map – 8
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Collier Flood Zones – 9
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Figure 1 2024 FIRM Flood Zone Map
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Figure 2 - Prior to 2024 FIRM Flood Zone Map (Remain in LMS Plan as reference)
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Historical Structures Map - 10
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Emergency Facilities – 11
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Major Utilities – 12
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Manufactured Home & RV Communities – 13
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Hazardous Materials Facilities – 14
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Assisted Living, Nursing & Care Facilities – 15
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B
ANNEX B: Resolutions
Adopting the Local
Mitigation Strategy
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ANNEX B
ANNEX B
Formal Adoption of Local Mitigation Strategy:
Resolutions of Participating Communities
Resolutions from Collier County’s participating jurisdictions formally adopting the
updated Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy will be incorporated into this section
following approval of the revised document by the Florida Division of Emergency
Management and Federal Emergency Management Agency. In fulfillment of the
requirements of 44 CFR 201.6(b)(1), each participating jurisdiction provided a
description of the procedures to be followed in the adoption of their respective LMS
resolutions. Letters of participation are included in this section.
Collier Board of County Commissioners’ Resolution
Everglades City
City of Naples
City of Marco Island
Collier County Public
Schools
Collier Mosquito
Control District
North Collier Fire and
Rescue District
Greater Naples Fire
Rescue District
Immokalee Fire
Control District
Naples Airport
Authority
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C
ANNEX C: Procedures
to Encourage Public
Involvement
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ANNEX C
Public Participation and Communication Framework
In compliance with Section 44 CFR 201.6(b), Collier County prioritizes robust public-private
participation in the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) planning process. This framework ensures
accessibility, transparency, and ongoing community engagement to strengthen hazard
mitigation efforts.
1.Web Presence
The Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) Home Page is the central platform
for public engagement and information dissemination. The webpage is designed to:
•Provide a comprehensive overview of Collier County’s Hazard Mitigation Program.
•Share resources, such as “How-To” guides and references for mitigation activities.
•Announce grant opportunities, LMS meetings, and key program updates.
•Offer links to the current Local Mitigation Strategy and past meeting minutes.
•Highlight floodplain management information and initiatives.
To enhance accessibility, the Home Page meta-data includes targeted keywords, ensuring it
ranks high in search engine results for individuals seeking hazard mitigation resources. The site
is available 24/7, providing continuous access to essential information.
Visit the LMSWG Home Page.
2.Meeting Announcements and Stakeholder Outreach
•Public Notices: Meeting announcements are distributed via Collier County’s Public
Affairs Office to all local media outlets, ensuring widespread visibility.
•Stakeholder Notifications: Direct emails are sent to LMS stakeholders for every
meeting, fostering consistent engagement.
•Documentation: Outreach efforts are documented through archived screenshots and
correspondence as evidence of public and stakeholder engagement (see Attachments 1
and 4).
3.Floodplain Management Outreach
Annual outreach events conducted by the Floodplain Management Section target
homeowners, civic groups, and professional organizations. These sessions cover:
•The benefits of the Community Rating System (CRS) program.
•History and significance of the National Flood Insurance Program.
•Requirements for flood insurance and elevation certificates.
•Building and construction standards for flood-prone areas.
4.Emergency Preparedness Seminars
Hurricane preparedness seminars and Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)
training programs include presentations on:
•The Local Mitigation Strategy and its objectives.
•Available disaster mitigation programs tailored to the community.
5.Social Media Engagement
The Emergency Management Division utilizes Facebook and Twitter to:
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•Announce upcoming meetings and events.
•Share updates on disaster mitigation initiatives and grant opportunities.
•Post community awareness campaigns. Examples of posts are provided in Attachment
2.
6.Public Comments and Feedback
•Public attendees at “properly noticed” LMSWG meetings have their names and
comments recorded in the minutes.
•Feedback and recommendations submitted outside meetings are documented,
reviewed, and addressed during future sessions (see Attachment 3).
7. Ongoing Public Involvement
Collier County is committed to maintaining and enhancing public participation in the Local
Mitigation Strategy (LMS) beyond the plan’s approval. Currently, the county carries out digital
outreach and awareness through various channels, including the LMS page on the County’s
website, social media platforms, and interactive GIS tools that allow residents to better
understand their flood and evacuation zones. In addition, the county collaborates with the
Chamber of Commerce, whose members actively participate in the LMS Working Group,
ensuring valuable input from the business community. The LMS has also been incorporated into
local planning processes to align mitigation efforts with broader community development
initiatives. To further promote transparency and accessibility, LMS meeting minutes, schedules,
and other pertinent information are regularly posted on the LMS page of the County Emergency
Management website, providing the public with ongoing opportunities to stay informed and
engaged in mitigation planning efforts.
Goal
The goal of these processes is to create accessible and meaningful opportunities for public
involvement, build trust and transparency, and foster collaborative efforts to reduce hazard
vulnerabilities and enhance community resilience in Collier County.
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Attachment 1 – Sample Press Release
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Attachment 2 – Social Media
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Twitter:
Facebook:
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Attachment 3 – Samples of Public Comment & Recommendations
What follows is a collection of comments and recommendations from the pubic and members.
Para 1.2.3
If a resolution appears possible, but further discussion is needed, a subsequent meeting may be
scheduled between a representative of the Board of County Commissioners (BCC) and a Mayor
or representative of the City Council of the municipalities opposed. A representative from the
state may also be invited to this meeting if deemed appropriate.
Section 3, paras: 1.2.1, 1.2.1.1, 1.2.1.2, 1.6, 1.8, 1.9 – add Sea Level Rise as a hazard
Goal 6, 1st sentence - Collier County and local Municipalities shall make….
Section 6, para 6.2.1.3
The City of Marco Island:
The Growth Management Director, Chief Building Official and Floodplain Coordinator (CFM)
and the staff from the Growth Management Planning Division are currently amending the City’s
Comprehensive Plan to include various Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) initiatives. Staff will
continue to emphasize the goals and objectives of the mitigation process in all area of
government with regard to regulation and development inside and outside the floodplain.
Attachment 2 shows ways the city may incorporate the LMs in existing plans.
1. In Section 1.2.1 the paragraph discussing revoking voting membership status generally
sounds good, but I thought that the revocation also applied to the individual sections
represented in the participating jurisdictions. For example, if nobody from Stormwater
attends at least 2 of the quarterly meetings then Stormwater can be voted for removal.
However, that would not mean that Collier County is removed from the LMSWG. Is that
your understanding? If so, perhaps there should be some additional verbiage to better
identify sub-units within the participating jurisdictions. Also, in that same paragraph, the
second highlighted text should probably say “members from the public or from private
non-profit” instead of “members from the public or form private non-profit”.
2. In Section 4.1.5 I thought the LMSWG agreed for an annual update rather every two
years. I’m probably wrong on this but thought it worth checking.
3. Annex C on the DRAFT 2020 LMS web page needs to have a closing parenthesis at the
end of the Board of County Commissioners line.
4. Annex D Public Meeting Announcements paragraph has a typo in that the work
“formerly” should be “formally”.
5. Annex D Annual Flood Plain Outreach Meetings needs to be consistent in how the term
“floodplain” is spelled. While it should be one word, there are two places where is
spelled with two words.
6. Annex D Emergency Management Hurricane Seminars and Community Emergency
Response Team paragraph seems to have a typo in that it doubles the “Local Mitigation
Strategy” term when perhaps something else was intended to be included.
7. Annex D Social Media (Facebook & Twitter) paragraph should reference the location of
the social media account samples as being in Attachment 2.
8. Annex E – Excel Spreadsheet has cells A3 thru G3 blank when it appears there should
be some text to identify the program. Note that I did not check the links.
9. Annex F could perhaps benefit by indicating the effective date of the project priority
listing. That way everyone knows when priority revisions are made by the LMSWG.
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10. Annex H listing of membership needs to be updated to reflect membership changes
identified in the Summary of Changes document.
11. Annex I needs to be checked to ensure all criteria have been updated as discussed at
the last few LMSWG meetings.
Section One. Recommend the following changes: paragraph 1.2 change “Pubic School
District” to “Collier County Public Schools”, paragraph 1.2.1 change “School Superintendent” to
“Collier County Public Schools Superintendent”, paragraph 1.2.1, change “District Schools of
Collier County” to “Collier County Public Schools”, paragraph 1.3.1 change “District School
Board of Collier County” to “Collier County Public Schools”.
Sections three, four, and five: No changes recommended.
Annex C. Change “Collier District Public Schools” to “Collier County Public Schools”.
LMS Update Annex A: Page 2 of 9
Listed below are the potential hazards which may affect Collier County and its communities.
Please note that a detailed analysis for some hazards are contained in the Collier County
Floodplain Management Plan (FMP):
https://www.colliercountyfl.gov/home/showdocument?id=58898
The Collier County Floodplain Management Plan will not be repeated in this document. Hazard
analyses not found in the FMP are addressed here by either noting a low probability of
occurrence to a detail analysis of the event, via appendices to this annex. Many of these
hazards have a low impact status or are too random in nature and do not represent a significant
threat, therefore a thorough analysis was not performed.
LMS Update Annex D: Annual Floodplain Outreach Meetings
Annual Floodplain Management Outreach Meetings: The Collier County Floodplain
Management Section conducts outreach to homeowner associations, condominium
associations, civic groups, professional organizations, and other specific groups regarding the
following information:
• Benefits of the Community Rating System program
• History of the National Flood Insurance Program
• Flood insurance
• Elevation certificate information
• Building and construction standards within the floodplain
LMS Update Annex J: Collier County’s Floodplain Plans (Update)
Unincorporated Collier County has a Floodplain Management Plan. The City of Marco Island
and the City of Naples do not possess a Floodplain Management Plan, nor are they required to
adopt one. The Floodplain Management Plan is a part of the Collier County multi-jurisdictional,
multi-hazard mitigation plan which addresses the jurisdictional flooding hazards. They are
written according to FEMA regulations and Section 511 and 512 of the CRS Coordinator’s
Manual.
All jurisdictions are active participants in the NFIP. To ensure continued compliance with the
NFIP, each participating community will:
1. Continue to enforce their adopted Floodplain Management Ordinance requirements, which
include regulating all new development and substantial improvements in Special Flood Hazard
Areas (SFHA).
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2. Continue to maintain all records pertaining to floodplain development, which shall be
available for public inspection
3. Continue to notify the public when there are proposed changes to the floodplain ordinance or
Flood Insurance Rate Maps.
4. Maintain the map and Letter of Map Change repositories.
5. Continue to promote Flood Insurance for all properties.
6. Continue their Community Rating System outreach programs.
SUMMARY OF JURISDICTIONAL CRS PROGRAMS
Collier County: Collier County’s NFIP participation commitments meet or exceed the following
minimum requirements as set for by the NFIP.
• Issuance or denial of floodplain development/building permits
• Inspection of all development to assure compliance with the local ordinance
• Maintaining records of floodplain development
• Assisting in the preparation and revision of floodplain maps
• Aid residents in obtaining information on flood hazards, floodplain map data, flood
insurance and proper construction measures
The County’s Building Plan Review & Inspection Division (BPRID) is the agency responsible for
the review and approval of all development order applications to the County. The application
review process includes analysis for compliance with the County’s Land Development Code, the
County’s Code of Laws and Ordinances (which includes the Floodplain Management
Ordinance), the Florida Building Code, the South Florida Water Management District permitting
rules (when applicable), the County’s Growth Management Plan, and other related regulations
for development compliance. The development and building permit approval processes consist
of extensive reviews of the submitted applications to determine compliance before a
recommendation for approval is given. Once a development project begins actual construction,
there are periodic on-site inspections performed by trained inspection staff to ensure
compliance before the construction can proceed toward completion. All documents submitted to
the County become part of the project’s public record file and are available for the public to
review upon request. Copies can be ordered if requested. Once a project is completed, the file
is closed and archived and is available for record retrieval. The BPRID is also active in the
preparation and revision of Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) and maintains the record of all
map revisions and changes received from FEMA. As a part of the services offered to the public,
the BPRID provides FIRM information, flood insurance program information, flooding hazards,
and proper construction methods within the special flood hazard area. The BPRID also
oversees the County’s participation in the Community Rating System (CRS) program. The
County is currently designated as a CRS Class 5 rated community for its efforts to promote
activities that make the community more resistant to flood damage.
Collier County is currently in the process of to producing a new Digital Flood Insurance Rate
Map (DFIRM) series through a CTP Partnership Agreement with the City of Naples, the South
Florida Water Management District, and FEMA. On January 9, 2019 the County adopted a new
Floodplain Management Ordinance that is compliant with the current State of Florida “Model”
Flood Ordinance. The County has an active Floodplain Management Planning Committee to
oversee the development and updating of the County’s Floodplain Management Plan. As part
of the CRS program the County provides flood hazard and flood insurance information to the
public through a newsletter, mailings, and the internet.
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Appendix 1 - Wildfires has seen no significant change in wildfire incidence type, though the
acreage for each has adjusted due the 30th Ave and Lee Williams Road fires in 2017 and the
Greenway complex in 2018. I did send out an email today for the GGE CWPP which needs
signing in order to incorporate it into the LMS in addition to or in place of Appendix 1. I shall
continue to prod ‘the bear’ as it were to get that in time for our deadline.
North Collier Fire Control and Rescue District's acknowledgement of reviewing the Draft 2020
LMS plan. The only change for us is to correct our Legal name to match our enabling legislation
(currently the word Control is missing):
North Collier Fire Control and Rescue District.
• Page 6-1, edits corresponding with highlights on below excerpt: 1) “C”; 2) remove
hyphen – it is all one word; 3) & 4) insert “density bonus”; “R”; 6) insert “density bonus”;
7) replace “-“ with “/”; 8) remove “s”.
• Page 6-4, see below edits in red. I struck thru the EAR text because: 2011 is past, and
the EAR process required in F.S. has been gutted – we now only review for any changes
in F.S. not reflected in our GMP whereas previously we would conduct a detailed re-
evaluation of the GMP.
6.2.1.1 Unincorporated Collier County: Coordinators in the Emergency Management Office,
the Floodplain Manager and members of the Comprehensive Planning Section
Department will weigh the goals and objectives of the LMS against each plan
and/or ordinance being reviewed at the time determined for each document. The
LMSWG will assess Goal 12 in the Conservation and Coastal Management
Element (CCME) of the GMP, which contains policy 12.1.9 which references the
Hazard Mitigation Plan, would include an assessment by the county that we
needed to modify this element to meet the specifics of any current mitigation
requirements. Additionally, where opportunities present themselves, the
responsible agency will seek the LMSWG’s support in amending the appropriate
documents.
• Page 6-6: Text is out of order – re-arrange as shown below:
FUTURE LAND USE ELEMENT
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C. UNDERLYING CONCEPTS
Management of Coastal Development
Two major coastal development issues in Collier County are the protection of natural resources
and the balancing of risk in natural hazard areas.
Extensive populated areas in Collier County are vulnerable to periodic salt-water inundation
from tropical storms or hurricanes. It is extremely important that an acceptable balance between
at-risk population and evacuation capability be achieved. In addition, public and private
investment in such vulnerable areas must be carefully considered.
This issue is addressed here and in the Conservation and Coastal Management Element
through several measures. A Coastal High Hazard Area is identified on the Future Land Use
Map essentially as all lands seaward of US 41. This line is based on the close fit to the storm
Category 1 SLOSH area (potential for saltwater flooding from 1 storm in 12 years) and
evacuation planning areas. Within the Coastal High Hazard Area maximum permissible
residential density is limited in recognition of the level of risk, the existing deficiency of
evacuation shelter space and existing patterns of density. The Coastal High Hazard Area is also
identified in the Conservation and Coastal Management Element and policies are provided
therein. Finally, coastal natural hazards are addressed through Land Development Regulations
already in effect relating to coastal building standards, per Chapter 161, Florida Statutes, and
protection of structures from floods, per County participation in the FEMA Flood Insurance
Program.
OBJECTIVE 1: Unless otherwise permitted in this Growth Management Plan, new or revised
uses of land shall be consistent with designations outlined on the Future Land Use Map. The
Future Land Use Map and companion Future Land Use Designations, Districts and Sub-districts
shall be binding on all Development Orders effective with the adoption of this Growth
Management Plan. Standards and permitted uses for each Future Land Use District and
Subdistrict are identified in the Designation Description Section. Through the magnitude,
location and configuration of its components, the Future Land Use Map is designed to
coordinate land use with the natural environment including topography, soil and other
resources; promote a sound economy; coordinate coastal population densities with the Regional
Hurricane Evacuation Plan; and discourage unacceptable levels of urban sprawl.
FUTURE LAND USE DESIGNATION DESCRIPTION SECTION
The following section describes the land use designations shown on the Future Land Use Map.
These designations generally indicate the types of land uses for which zoning may be
requested. However, these land use designations do not guarantee that a zoning request will be
approved. Requests may be denied by the Board of County Commissioners based on criteria in
the Land Development Code or on special studies completed for the County.
• Pages 6-6 thru 6-23: 1) Because the GMP has been amended several times since the
last LMS update, I suggest removing all GMP excerpts and replacing with the same from
the current GMP. 2) I suggest placing a text break whenever skipping from one GMP
provision to another so as to make it clear to the reader that the text from one section is
not a continuation from the prior section. See below example from page 6-7.
existing development; patterns of approved, but unbuilt, development; natural resources; water
management; hurricane risk; existing and proposed public facilities; population projections and
the land needed to accommodate the projected population growth.
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*** *** TEXT BREAK *** ***
(IV)(XI)(XV)(XXI) 3. Urban Coastal Fringe Subdistrict:
The purpose of this Subdistrict is to provide transitional densities between the Conservation
designated area (primarily located to the south of the Subdistrict) and the remainder of the
Urban designated area (primarily located to the north of the Subdistrict). The Subdistrict
comprises those Urban areas south of US 41, generally east of the City of Naples, and
generally west of the Rural Fringe Mixed Use District Neutral Lands, but excludes Section 13,
Township 51 South, Range 26 East, and comprises approximately 11,354 acres and 10% of the
Urban Mixed Use District. The entire Subdistrict is located seaward of the Coastal High Hazard
Area Boundary. In order to facilitate hurricane evacuation and to protect the adjacent
environmentally sensitive Conservation designated area, residential densities within the
Subdistrict shall not exceed a maximum of 4 dwelling units per acre, except as allowed in the
Density Rating System to exceed 4 units per acre through provision of Affordable Housing and
Transfers of Development Rights, and except as allowed by certain FLUE Policies under
Objective 5, and except as provided in the Bayshore Gateway Triangle Redevelopment Overlay.
New rezones to permit mobile home development within this Subdistrict are prohibited. Rezones
are recommended to be in the form of a Planned Unit Development.
*** *** TEXT BREAK *** ***
(IX) B. Rural Fringe Mixed Use District
The Rural Fringe Mixed Use District is identified on Future Land Use Map. This District consists
of approximately 93,600 acres, or 7% of Collier County’s total land area. Significant portions of
this District are adjacent to the Urban area or to the semi-rural, rapidly developing, large-lot
North Golden Gate Estates platted lands. Agricultural land uses within the Rural Fringe Mixed
Use District do not represent a significant portion of the County’s active agricultural lands. As of
the date of adoption of this Plan Amendment, the Rural Fringe Mixed Use District consists of
more than 5,550 tax parcels, and includes at least 3,835 separate and distinct property owners.
Alternative land use strategies have been developed for the Rural Fringe Mixed Use District, in
part, to consider these existing conditions.
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Attachment 4 – Evidence of Public Announcements
Evidence of a public announcement to LMS stakeholders and members of the public at
large for the past 4 years.
PRESS RELEASES (July 2020 to November 2024)
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D
ANNEX D: Potential
Grant Funding Sources
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ANNEX D
Potential Grant Funding Sources
(An excel spreadsheet of the following information is available upon request.)
Airport Improvement Program (AIP)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration
• Purpose: To assist sponsors, owners, or operators of public-use airports in the development
of a nationwide system of airports adequate to meet the needs of civil aeronautics.
• Eligibility: States, counties, municipalities, U.S. Territories and possessions, and other public
agencies, including an Indian tribe
• Criteria/Use: Grants can be made for integrated airport system planning in a specific area;
and airport master planning, construction, or rehabilitation at a public-use airport or a portion
thereof
• Funding Mechanism: Project Grants; Advisory Services and Counseling
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Large and Medium Primary Hub Airports: These airports are
responsible for 25% of eligible project costs, with the AIP grant covering the remaining 75%.
For noise program implementation projects, the local match requirement is reduced to 20%,
with the AIP covering 80%. Small Primary, Reliever, and General Aviation Airports: These
airports typically have a local match requirement ranging from 5% to 10% of eligible project
costs, with the AIP grant covering 90% to 95%. The exact percentage depends on statutory
requirements and specific project details.
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This program is the primary federal funding source for
improvements and expansions of medium-scale to large-scale airports. As such, it is a
valuable mitigation program for potential disasters related to airport and civil aviation
operations.
Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Training Assistance (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of the Treasury/Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Firearms
• Purpose: To help participants identify the laws relating to alcohol, tobacco, firearms and
explosives; to provide training in specific investigative skills and techniques; and, to help
State, county, and local law enforcement officers improve their law enforcement capabilities
in the organized crime area, including arson, undercover, firearms and explosives
investigations.
• Eligibility: State, county, and local law enforcement agencies. Participation is limited to non-
uniformed police personnel engaged in firearms and arson investigations, or are in the
process of being assigned or promoted to such non-uniformed assignments
• Criteria/Use: Training programs in areas of: Identification of the Firearms Problem; Motives
and Analysis of Applicable Federal, State and Local Laws; Laboratory Capability; Sources of
Information; Interviewing; Investigative Techniques; and Case Management.
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• Funding Mechanism: Grants, Specialized Services
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is a good training program for local police agencies.
Training, in this instance, would serve as mitigation for civil unrest, violent crime, and
terrorist acts
Assistance to Firefighters Grants Program (AFG)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency/United States Fire Administration
• Purpose: To help rural, urban and suburban fire departments better train, prepare and equip
themselves; primary goal is to provide assistance to meet fire departments’ firefighting and
emergency response needs. This program seeks to support departments that lack the tools
and resources necessary to protect the health and safety of the public and their firefighting
personnel with respect to fire and all other hazards they may face.
• Eligibility: Fire departments of a State, which are an agency or organization that has a
formally recognized arrangement with a State, territory, local, or tribal authority (city, county,
parish, fire district, township, town, or other governing body) A municipality or fire district
may submit an application on behalf of a fire department when the fire department lacks the
legal status to do, but when a municipality or fire district submits an application on behalf of
a fire department, the fire department is precluded from submitting an additional application
on its own.
• Criteria/Use: May submit only one application per program year.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: $750,000,000.00
• Funding Amount: Ranged from $6,000 to $250,000 in previous years; limits vary according
to activity
• Match Requirements: Jurisdictions with 20,000 or fewer residents: A 5% cost share is
required. Jurisdictions with more than 20,000 but not more than 1 million residents: A 10%
cost share is required. Jurisdictions with more than 1 million residents: A 15% cost share is
required.
• Deadline: December 20, 2024
• Applicability to Mitigation: Improvement to fire operations and safety, fire prevention and
acquisition of firefighting vehicles all contribute to fire departments' ability to respond to and
mitigate against incidents of hazardous materials and natural disaster.
Brownfields Assessment, Revolving Loan Fund and Cleanup Grants
(Brownfields Program)
• Grantor Name: United States Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Brownfields
Cleanup and Redevelopment
• Purpose: Assessment grants provide funding for a grant recipient to inventory, characterize,
assess, and conduct cleanup and redevelopment planning and community involvement
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related to brownfield sites; Revolving Loan Fund (RLF) grants provide funding for a grant
recipient to capitalize a revolving loan fund and to provide subgrants to carry out cleanup
activities at brownfield sites; Cleanup grants provide funding for a grant recipient to carry out
cleanup activities at brownfield sites.
• Eligibility: Entities, including nonprofit organizations, that own the property they wish to clean
up
• Criteria/Use: Specific criteria apply to each program; check website for details
• Funding Mechanism: Grants and loans
• Overall Funding Available: $100,000,000 estimate in FY 05 for all programs; approximately
200 grants will be awarded
• Funding Amount: Assessment - up to $400,000 if doing communitywide and site specific;
Revolving Loan - up to $1,000,000; Cleanup - up to $200,000 per site
• Match Requirements: Assessment Grants: These grants do not require a cost share or
matching funds from recipients.
EPA Cleanup Grants: Traditionally, Cleanup Grants have required a 20% cost share, which
could be met through contributions of money, labor, materials, or services. However,
consistent with the direction on cost sharing in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, a cost
share is not required for Fiscal Year 2024 (FY24).
EPA Revolving Loan Fund (RLF) Grants: Similar to Cleanup Grants, RLF Grants have
typically required a 20% cost share. The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law has also waived this
requirement for FY24.
• Deadline: 2004-11-12 00:00:00
• Applicability to Mitigation: Source of funds for clean up and redevelopment of sites which
may have been impacted by toxic pollutants.
Brownfields Training, Research and Technical Assistance Grants
(Brownfields Program)
• Grantor Name: United States Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Brownfields
Cleanup and Redevelopment
• Purpose: Financial assistance to facilitate “the inventory of brownfield sites, site
assessments, remediation of brownfield sites, community involvement and site preparation”
to focus brownfields programmatic (goals) attention on the environmental and human health
conditions in low income communities and socio-economically disadvantaged communities
unable to draw on alternative sources of funding for assessment or cleanup of brownfields
and their subsequent redevelopment and to provide technical assistance to communities
which will enable them to stimulate economic and other beneficial reuses.
• Eligibility: Governmental applicants and non-profit organizations; public and non-profit
private universities are eligible as well.
• Criteria/Use: Must emphasize: 1) Community Involvement in Low-income and Socio-
Economically Disadvantaged Communities, 2) Integrated Approaches to Brownfields
Cleanup and Redevelopment in Low-income and Socio-Economically Disadvantaged
Communities, and 3) How the Economics of Brownfields Cleanup and Redevelopment
Impact Low-income and Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Communities
• Funding Mechanism: Cooperative agreement
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• Funding Amount: $100,000.00
• Match Requirements: None, however leveraging of other funding is considered during
ranking process
• Deadline: 11/16/2004
• Applicability to Mitigation: Source of funds for clean up and redevelopment of sites which
may have been impacted by toxic pollutants.
Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Program (BRIC)
• Grantor Name: United States Federal Emergency Management Agency
• Purpose: The BRIC program supports states, local communities, tribes, and territories in
implementing pre-disaster hazard mitigation projects. It emphasizes infrastructure projects
and community resilience.
• Eligibility: States, territories, federally recognized tribes, and local governments
• Criteria/Use: Focuses on infrastructure improvements to increase community resilience.
BRIC emphasizes pre-disaster planning and large-scale infrastructure projects that increase
community resilience to natural hazards, making it a key funding source for mitigation
efforts.
• Funding Mechanism: Competetive Grant
• Overall Funding Available: FY 2021 $1 Billion, FY 2022 $2.3 Billion, FY 2023 Nearly $1
Billion
• Funding Amount: Historically, competitive projects have received awards ranging from $1
million to $50 million based on project scale and feasibility. Large infrastructure projects with
significant regional impacts are prioritized for larger awards.
• Match Requirements: 25%
• Deadline: 2/29/2024
• Applicability to Mitigation: BRIC emphasizes proactive efforts to reduce risks before
disasters occur, aligning with FEMA’s goal of reducing the cost and impact of disasters.
Projects funded by BRIC aim to prevent or minimize damage from natural hazards like
floods, hurricanes, wildfires, earthquakes, and more. BRIC funding complements efforts to
integrate resilience into long-term community planning
• Applicable Collier Mitigation Projects: BRIC can support projects identified in the Local
Mitigation Strategy (LMS), such as stormwater infrastructure upgrades, evacuation route
improvements, and flood mitigation initiatives.
Capitalization Grants for Clean Water State Revolving Funds (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Environmental Protection Agency
• Purpose: To fund activities related to protection of water quality. Examples may include
construction of wastewater treatment plants, control of runoff, estuary improvement projects,
wet weather flow control for sewers and storm sewers, alternative wastewater treatment
technologies, and preparation of landfills and riparian buffers, among other types of projects.
• Eligibility: States, territories and possessions of the U.S., including the District of Columbia.
These entities may use allotments under Title II of the Clean Water Act as grants for the
construction of municipal wastewater facilities. Indian tribes are eligible to receive
capitalization grants
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• Criteria/Use: The purpose of this program is to enable States to create State Revolving
Funds (SRFs) through a program of capitalization grants to States which will provide a long
term source of State financing for construction of wastewater treatment facilities and
implementation of other water quality management activities.
• Funding Mechanism: Formula grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: 20%
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is a mitigation funding source for disasters which involve the
damage or destruction of water and wastewater treatment plants
Capitalization Grants for Drinking Water State Revolving Funds (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Environmental Protection Agency
• Purpose: To create Drinking Water State Revolving Funds (DWSRFs) through a program
which provides capitalization grants to States in order to establish a long-term source of
State financing for the costs of infrastructure needed to achieve or maintain compliance with
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) requirements, and to protect public health. The State may
also use the Federal funds to establish new programs that emphasize the prevention of
contamination problems through water source protection and enhanced water systems
management procedures.
• Eligibility: The States and Puerto Rico are eligible to receive capitalization grants. The
District of Columbia, U.S. Territories, and Indian tribes are eligible to receive direct grants
from the program. The funds are to be used by the States to provide loans and other
financial assistance to water supply utilities that are publicly and privately owned, or which
operate non-profit drinking water systems for small communities.
• Criteria/Use: Capitalization grants are available to each State for the purpose of establishing
a Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) for providing assistance for construction of
potable water systems at the local level
• Funding Mechanism: Formula grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: 20%
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is a mitigation funding source for potential failure of small
potable water treatment plants
Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Technical Assistance
Grant Program (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Environmental Protection Agency
• Purpose: To provide financial assistance to States and Indian Tribes for chemical
emergency planning, chemical accident prevention, and community right-to-know programs
which are established to prevent or eliminate unreasonable risk to the health and
environment of communities within the State.
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• Eligibility: The States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the
Northern Mariana Islands, and Federally Recognized Indian Tribes. Beneficiaries include
States, Local Emergency Planning Committees, and local emergency responders. (Note: In
Florida, the Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) are staffed by the Regional
Planning Councils.
• Criteria/Use: Projects which address extremely hazardous substances or high profile
chemicals and/or high risk areas are especially of interest. The grant money may not
supplant State or Tribal funds already being spent. Because these awards are being made
under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) authorities, all grant proposals must be
related to activities involving chemicals subject to regulation under the TSCA.
• Funding Mechanism: Project grants
• Overall Funding Available: $1,000,000.00
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: 25%
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is the primary federal funding source for most State and local
hazardous material programs. As such, it is an excellent mitigation funding source for
chemical emergency incidents.
Clean Water Act Section 319 Grants/Nonpoint Source Implementation
Grants (319 Program)
• Grantor Name: United States Environmental Protection Agency
• Purpose: Formula funds are awarded to states (state agencies) to implement certain non-
point source programs pursuant to Section 319(h) of the Clean Water Act, including wetland
restoration.
• Eligibility: Applicants can include: States, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam,
Northern Marianas, Puerto Rico, Pacific Trust Territories, Virgin Islands, and Indian Tribes.
Beneficiaries can include: State and local governments, interstate and intrastate agencies,
public and private nonprofit organizations and institutions
• Criteria/Use: Requires maintenance of effort; proceeds of State grants may be used for
financial assistance to individual persons in the case of demonstration projects only; a limit
on administrative costs; annual reporting requirements; and EPA determinations of
adequate State progress before additional funding.
• Funding Mechanism: Formula grants
• Overall Funding Available: $100,000,000 in 1997
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Federal participation is limited to 60%, and an EPA-approved State
non-point source management program is required.
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is a good program for local governments; however, funding is
through the Florida Department of Environmental Protection through a competitive grant
process; thus the usefulness of this program to smaller local governments may be limited
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Coastal Zone Management Program (CZM)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
• Purpose: Funds for planning and implementing sustainable management of coastal zones.
Section 306 Grants are for programs at the state level and for coastal hazard mitigation
strategies, including the development of local hazard mitigation plans, outreach and
education activities, monitoring programs, and projects to enhance program management.
Section 308 Grants, The Coastal Zone Management Fund, provides emergency grants to
address a wide range of unforeseen or disaster-related circumstances. Section 309 Grants
are competitive funds designed to enhance state programs, including planning and land
regulation activities, enhancing natural features, and preventative measures.
• Eligibility: State, tribal, and local entities
• Criteria/Use: Through FDEP, the State has an annual funding program which allows coastal
zone program monies to be passed on to local governments. In order to be funded, the
project must be consistent with the State’s approved Coastal Zone Management Program.
The consistency review process is coordinated by the Florida Department of Community
Affair’s Coastal Zone Management Office.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants and cooperative agreements
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: The State’s Coastal Program consists of the majority of the State
statutes concerning environmental regulations, as well as portions of Chapters 163 and 180,
Florida Statutes, dealing with the local comprehensive planning requirements. In that
sense, the program is a mitigation funding source for hurricane and coastal storm disasters,
and for inappropriate planning and zoning decisions which might contribute to potential
future disasters.
Community Assistance Program – State Support Services Element (CAP)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency
• Purpose: To ensure that communities participating in the National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP) are achieving flood loss reduction measures consistent with program direction. The
program is intended to identify, prevent, and resolve floodplain management issues in
participating communities before they require compliance action by FEMA.
• Eligibility: The direct beneficiary of the CAP-SSSE is the individual State receiving financial
assistance. In addition, participating NFIP communities and local governments which
receive floodplain management and flood loss reduction assistance provided by the State
are also (indirect) beneficiaries as a consequence of the services they receive.
• Criteria/Use: The CAP-SSSE is a product-oriented program directly related to the flood loss
reduction objectives of the NFIP.
• Funding Mechanism: Cooperative agreement
• Overall Funding Available: $5,000,000 in 1997
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• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: 75% federal maximum and 25% minimum State cost sharing basis
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This program does not provide any form of direct mitigation
funding to local governments. However, the program is a source of funding for State
Programs and, thus, indirectly impacts local governments.
Community Development Block Grant Mitigation (CDBG-MIT)
• Grantor Name: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD),
• Purpose: DBG-MIT is designed to support mitigation activities that reduce risks from future
disasters, focusing on long-term resilience and protection of critical infrastructure, housing,
and community facilities.
• Eligibility: States, territories, and tribal governments. Local governments and non-profit
organizations (through state sub-grants). Projects must serve areas impacted by
presidentially declared disasters within specific timeframes defined by HUD. Projects must
primarily benefit low- and moderate-income (LMI) populations.
• Criteria/Use: CDBG-MIT funds can be used for:
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Varies by State and Disaster Allocation
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Typically, no local match is required for CDBG-MIT projects. However,
recipients are encouraged to align projects with other funding sources for maximum impact.
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Projects could include flood mitigation in low-income
neighborhoods, stormwater infrastructure upgrades, or retrofitting community centers as
emergency shelters. CDBG-MIT can fund projects identified in the Collier County LMS that
address: Flooding in vulnerable areas.
• Applicable Collier Mitigation Projects: CDBG-MIT funds can be used for:Infrastructure
Improvements: Projects such as upgrading stormwater systems, elevating roads, and flood
protection measures.
Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Housing and Urban Development THROUGH
Collier County Financial Administration and Housing Department
• Purpose: Annually allocated to Collier County to develop viable urban communities through
decent housing, a suitable living environment, and by expanding economic activities,
principally for low- and moderate-income persons.
• Eligibility: Non profit organizations (501(c)3 and governmental organizations
• Criteria/Use: Contact Collier County Financial Administration and Housing Department for
details and current priorities outlined in annual plan
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: varies from year to year
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: none, although applicant commitment gives project higher ranking
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• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Funds call also fund long-term needs, such as acquisition,
rehabilitation, or reconstruction of damaged properties and facilities and redevelopment of
disaster-affected areas. Funds may also be used for emergency response activities, such as
debris clearance and demolition, and extraordinary increases in the level of necessary
public services.
Community Disaster Loans (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency
• Purpose: To provide loans to any local government that has suffered substantial loss of tax
and other revenues, and which is in a geographic area in which the President designates a
major disaster exists. The funds can only be used to maintain existing functions of a
municipal operating character and the local government must demonstrate a need for
financial assistance.
• Eligibility: Applicants must be in a designated major disaster area and must demonstrate
that they meet the specific conditions of FEMA Disaster Assistance Regulations 44 CFR,
Part 206, Subpart K, Community Disaster Loans. To be eligible the applicant must
demonstrate: 1) a substantial loss of tax and other revenues, as a result of a major disaster;
and 2) a need for financial assistance to perform its governmental functions. Any local
government within a designated disaster area is a potential beneficiary.
• Criteria/Use: Loans are made only to local governments or other political subdivisions of the
State, and are based on need, not to exceed 25 percent of the annual operating budget of
the local government for the fiscal year in which the disaster occurs. The funds cannot be
used to meet the non-federal share of any Federal program, finance capital improvements,
or repair or restore public facilities
• Funding Mechanism: Direct loans
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: 25%
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is an excellent mitigation program for the purpose of enabling
local governments to temporarily (occasionally, permanently) recoup their disaster period
operating expenses.
Comprehensive Improvement Assistance Program for Public and Indian
Housing (CIAP)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
• Purpose: To provide capital funds to improve the physical condition and to upgrade the
management and operation of existing Public and Indian Housing projects to assure that
they continue to be available to serve low-income families.
• Eligibility: Public Housing Agencies (PHAs) and Indian Housing Authorities (IHAs) operating
PHA/IHA-owned low-income housing projects under an existing Annual Contributions
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Contract (ACC) with fewer than 250 units. The residents of the housing projects are the
program’s ultimate beneficiaries.
• Criteria/Use: Comprehensive Improvement Assistance Program (CIAP) funding may be
used to fund capital improvements, as well as major repairs, management improvements,
and planning costs.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is a good funding source for local housing agencies which
are contemplating modernizing and upgrading their existing public housing projects. The
program also covers the establishment of new public housing projects. This is disaster
mitigation in the sense that sub-standard housing is less likely to withstand a disaster than is
“up-to-code” housing.
Disaster Mitigation Planning and Technical Assistance (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Commerce/Economic Development
Administration
• Purpose: Primarily for economic development initiatives, but also for hazard mitigation when
the focus is on creating disaster resistant jobs and workplaces; monies are applicable
because projects related to developing infrastructure are also making the community more
disaster resistant.
• Eligibility: Primarily for economic development initiatives, but also for hazard mitigation when
the focus is on creating disaster resistant jobs and workplaces; monies are applicable
because projects related to developing infrastructure are also making the community more
disaster resistant.
• Criteria/Use: Contact Agency
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Primarily for economic development initiatives, but also for hazard
mitigation when the focus is on creating disaster resistant jobs and workplaces; monies are
applicable because projects related to developing infrastructure are also making the
community more disaster resistant.
Disaster Relief Program (DRI/Disaster Recovery Initiative)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
• Purpose: Provides flexible grants to help cities, counties, and States recover from
Presidentially declared disasters, especially in low-income areas. When disasters occur,
Congress may appropriate additional funding for the CDBG and HOME programs as DRI
grants to rebuild the affected areas and bring crucial seed money to start the recovery
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process. Since it can fund a broader range of recovery activities than most other programs,
DRI helps communities and neighborhoods that otherwise might not recover due to limited
resources. DRI supplements disaster programs of the Federal Emergency Management
Agency, the Small Business Administration, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
• Eligibility: States and local governments in places that have been designated by the
President of the United States as disaster areas
• Criteria/Use: Examples of funded activities include: (1) buying damaged properties in a flood
plain and relocating them to safer areas; (2) relocation payments for people and businesses
displaced by the disaster; (3) debris removal; (4) rehabilitation of homes and buildings
damaged by the disaster; (5) buying, constructing, or rehabilitating public facilities such as
water and sewer systems, streets, neighborhood centers, and government buildings; (6)
code enforcement; (7) home ownership activities such as down payment assistance, interest
rate subsidies and loan guarantees; (8) public services (generally limited to no more than 25
percent of the grant); (9) energy conservation activities; (10) helping businesses create jobs;
and (11) planning and administration costs (limited to no more than 20 percent of the grant)
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: The funds from this program are distributed to the State, to be
disbursed to local governments within declared disaster areas. This program is part of the
“package” of funding sources which the federal government makes available to States which
have suffered from disasters.
Disposal of Federal Surplus Real Property (None)
• Grantor Name: United States General Services Administration
• Purpose: To dispose of surplus federal property through lease, use permits, sale, exchange
or donation.
• Eligibility: State and local governments are eligible to apply for surplus real property for the
purpose of constructing parks, recreational facilities, correctional institutions, historical
monuments, public airports, health facilities, educational institutions, facilities to serve
homeless persons, replacement housing, and general public purposes.
• Criteria/Use: Surplus real and related personal property may be conveyed to eligible entities
for use as public parks or recreation areas, and public health or educational uses at
discounts of up to 100%. Property to be utilized for public airports, wildlife conservation,
correctional facilities, replacement housing, and historic monuments, may be provided to
eligible agencies at no cost. Otherwise, property planned to be utilized for general public
uses can be provided, without restrictions, at a negotiated cost of fair market value or
greater.
• Funding Mechanism: Varies depending on type of acquisition
• Match Requirements: None
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• Applicability to Mitigation: Excellent way for a local agency to replace equipment which was
damaged or lost as a result of its use in disaster response activities. Response/relief
agencies can find replacement equipment and supplies within the Federal inventory.
Emergency Bank Protection (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Defense/United States Army/United States
Army Corps of Engineers
• Purpose: To provide protection for highways, highway bridges, essential public works,
churches, hospitals, schools, and other nonprofit public services which are endangered by
flood-caused erosion.
• Eligibility: States, political subdivisions of States or other responsible local agencies which
have been established under State law with full authority and ability to undertake necessary
legal and financial responsibilities
• Criteria/Use: The Corps of Engineers designs and constructs the project. Each project
selected must be feasible from an engineering standpoint, complete within itself and
economically justifiable.
• Funding Mechanism: Specialized services, Contact Agency
• Overall Funding Available: $12,500,000 spent nationwide in 1996
• Funding Amount: Non-federal interests are responsible for all project costs in excess of the
Federal limit of $500,000
• Match Requirements: Anything above $500,000 project costs
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Any local government which is aware of a local critical facility
which has recently been endangered by erosion of a stream bank or flowway could be an
eligible local sponsor for this type of federal aid. While most of these projects are related to
erosion of highways or bridge embankments, the Corps has also conducted erosion control
projects for schools, hospitals, wastewater treatment plants, and other types of public
facilities.
Emergency Community Water Assistance Grants (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Agriculture
• Purpose: Available to rural communities when disaster strikes. Congress may appropriate
funds for the program after a flood, earthquake, or other disaster if Federal assistance is
warranted.
• Eligibility: Applicants must demonstrate that a significant decline in quantity or quality of
water occurred within two years of the date the application was filed with RUS. Public bodies
and nonprofit corporations serving rural areas, including cities or towns whose population
does not exceed 10,000 people may be eligible.
• Criteria/Use: Extend, repair, or perform significant maintenance on existing water systems;
construct new water lines, wells or other sources of water, reservoirs, and treatment plants;
replace equipment; and pay costs associated with connection or tap fees. (2) Pay related
expenses such as legal and engineering fees and environmental impact analyses, or
acquire rights associated with developing sources of, treating, storing, or distributing water.
(3) Achieve compliance with the requirements of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33
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U.S.C. l et seq.) or with the Safe Drinking Water Act when noncompliance is directly related
to a recent decline in quality of potable water.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: $21,700,000 (FY 03)
• Funding Amount: $500,000.00
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Construction of new or improved facilities that are up to current
standards, wind strengths, etc. is mitigation.
Emergency Management Assistance for State and Local Governments
(State and Local Assistance (SLA))
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency
• Purpose: To encourage the development of comprehensive disaster preparedness and
assistance plans, programs, capabilities, and organizations by the States and by local
governments.
• Eligibility: Applications are accepted only from States; local governments and Indian Tribes
are eligible to participate as sub-grantees under their States' applications.
• Criteria/Use: SLA funds may be used for necessary and essential State and local
emergency management personnel and administrative expenses including salaries and
benefits of emergency management personnel, essential official travel and other
administrative expenses.
• Funding Mechanism: Formula grants
• Overall Funding Available: Varies from year to year
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Vaires
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This program covers a wide variety of activities; both at the State
and local levels. Local agencies should maintain communications with their appropriate
State contacts, in order to determine what kinds of activities will be eligible to receive
funding during the fiscal year
Emergency Management Preparedness and Assistance Trust Fund -
General (EMPA)
• Grantor Name: Florida Department of Community Affairs
• Purpose: To implement projects that will further state and local emergency management
objectives
• Eligibility: State or regional agencies, local governments, and private non-profit
organizations
• Criteria/Use: Eligible applicants may submit multiple applications, however, no single
application shall seek or receive an award in excess of $300,000. All eligible applicants, with
the exception of counties and state agencies shall be limited to no more than three (3)
application submissions in an application cycle.
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• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: $300,000 max.
• Match Requirements: Points awarded depending on match provided
• Deadline: To submit to County EM Department for review- January; to DEM - February
• Applicability to Mitigation: Projects that do any of the following have the potential to support
mitigation: 1) promote public education on disaster preparedness and recovery issues, 2)
enhance coordination of relief efforts of statewide private sector organizations, including
public-private business partnership efforts, or 3) improve the training and operations
capabilities of agencies assigned lead or support responsibilities in the State
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan.
Emergency Management Preparedness and Assistance Trust Fund -
Municipalities (EMPA)
• Grantor Name: Florida Department of Community Affairs
• Purpose: To implement projects that will further state and local emergency management
objectives
• Eligibility: Municipalities that are legally constituted
• Criteria/Use: Municipalities must have an authorized, established, and maintained
emergency management program, and have signed the current Statewide Mutual Aid
Agreement (SMAA) and supplied all required information and documentation such that the
SMAA agreement is ready to be signed by the Division as of the date of the application
deadline.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: $50,000.00
• Match Requirements: Points awarded depending on match provided
• Deadline: To submit to County EM Department for review- January; to DEM - February
• Applicability to Mitigation: Projects that do any of the following have the potential to support
mitigation: 1) promote public education on disaster preparedness and recovery issues, 2)
enhance coordination of relief efforts of statewide private sector organizations, including
public-private business partnership efforts, or 3) improve the training and operations
capabilities of agencies assigned lead or support responsibilities in the State
Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan.
Emergency Relief Program (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Transportation/Federal Highway Administration
• Purpose: To assist State Transportation agencies in planning for and developing an
integrated, interconnected transportation system based upon the National Highway System
(including the interstate system). The program will also assist state agencies in making
transportation improvements to all public roads (excepting designated “minor collectors”).
The program will also assist in repairs to federal-aid roads after disasters. The program
objectives are to foster safe highway design, replace or rehabilitate deficient or obsolete
bridges, and to provide for certain special purposes.
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• Eligibility: State transportation agencies, or local road/bridge agencies receiving federal
funds.
• Criteria/Use: Federal-aid highway funds are generally apportioned by statutory formulas to
the States and restricted to roads open to the public and not functionally classified as local
or rural minor collectors. Exceptions to this include planning and research activities, bridge
and safety improvements which may be done on any public road. Projects in Collier County
must be based on transportation planning process carried out by the Metropolitan Planning
Organization (MPO) in cooperation with the State and transit operators, and be included in
metropolitan plans and programs. These projects must also be included in the approved
statewide transportation improvement program (STIP)
• Funding Mechanism: Formula Grants and Project Grants
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: In order to use this program for mitigation purposes, it would
probably be necessary for the local transportation agency to establish some type of
partnership with the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). Furthermore, the
particular project might have to be scheduled on FDOT’s five-year work program for the
region. Thus, it could take several years for the project to be selected, scheduled, funded
and then actually completed.
Emergency Watershed Protection Program (EWP)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Agriculture/Natural Resources Conservation
Service
• Purpose: Undertake emergency measures, including the purchase of flood plain easements,
for runoff retardation and soil erosion prevention to safeguard lives and property from floods,
drought, and the products of erosion on any watershed whenever fire, flood or any other
natural occurrence is causing or has caused a sudden impairment of the watershed. It is not
necessary for a national emergency to be declared for an area to be eligible for assistance.
Program objective is to assist sponsors and individuals in implementing emergency
measures to relieve imminent hazards to life and property created by a natural disaster.
Activities include providing financial and technical assistance to remove debris from
streams, protect destabilized streambanks, establish cover on critically eroding lands,
repairing conservation practices, and the purchase of flood plain easements. The program is
designed for installation of recovery measures.
• Eligibility: Public and private landowners are eligible for assistance but must be represented
by a project sponsor. The project sponsor must be a public agency of state, county, or city
government, or a special district.
• Criteria/Use: All EWP work must reduce threats to life and property. Furthermore, it must be
economically and environmentally defensible and sound from an engineering standpoint.
EWP work must yield benefits to more than one person. All work must represent the least
expensive alternative.
• Funding Mechanism: Individual assistance
• Overall Funding Available: Varies depending on project
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• Funding Amount: Varies depending on project
• Match Requirements: 25%
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Emergency work includes establishing quick vegetative cover on
denuded land, sloping steep land, and eroding banks; opening dangerously restricted
channels; repairing diversions and levees; and other emergency work; purchase of rural and
agricultural floodplain easements designed to retire land from frequent flooding to preclude
federal disaster payments, retire land to allow levee setbacks, or limit the use of the land.
Environmental Justice Grants to Small Community Groups (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Environmental Protection Agency
• Purpose: To provide financial assistance to community-based organizations and Tribal
governments for the support of projects to design, demonstrate or disseminate practices,
methods or techniques related to environmental justice.
• Eligibility: Eligible applicants include: community-based grassroots organizations, other
incorporated nonprofit organizations and federally recognized Tribal Governments. Eligible
beneficiaries can include: the general public, community groups, public nonprofit
institutions/organizations, and federally recognized Tribal governments.
• Criteria/Use: Projects may include: 1. design, demonstration, or dissemination of
environmental justice curricula, including development of educational tools and materials; 2.
design and demonstration of field methods, practices, and techniques, including assessment
of environmental and ecological conditions and analysis of environmental and public health
problems; 3. identification, assessment or improvement of a specific local environmental
justice issue or a specific environmental problem; and, 4. provision of environmental justice
training or related education for teachers, faculty, or related personnel in a specific
geographic area or region.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: The program is geared toward helping local communities educate
the public about potential environmental hazards, and to alleviating such hazards when they
are identified (particularly with regard to lower income areas within a local jurisdiction).
Communities or groups looking for funding to clean up hazardous waste sites in residential
areas, remove or reduce sources of water and air pollution, and/or seeking to halt
environmental health problems should investigate this program
Fannie Mae Pilot Loan Program (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency/Florida Department of Community Affairs
• Purpose: FEMA and DCA jointly sponsor this program. It makes consumer installment loans
available to Florida homeowners to make specific disaster prevention home improvements.
• Eligibility: All single-family homeowners in Florida.
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• Criteria/Use: Homeowners may borrow up to $15,000 and take up to 10 years to repay the
loan.
• Funding Mechanism: Loans
• Funding Amount: $15,000.00
• Applicability to Mitigation: When Florida homeowners make improvements to their homes to
protect the structure from disasters, they are potentially mitigating certain disaster related
problems and reduce insurance claims and costs.
Federal & State Grant Locator Site ()
• Grantor Name: FEMA
• Purpose: One-stop search site for Federal Grants
• Eligibility: Varies
• Criteria/Use: Variety of Uses
• Funding Mechanism: Varies
• Overall Funding Available: Varies
• Funding Amount: Varies
• Match Requirements: Varies
• Deadline: Varies
• Applicability to Mitigation: Varies
• Applicable Collier Mitigation Projects: Needs to be checked first...
First Responder Anti-Terrorism Assistance (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency
• Purpose: To enhance the capabilities of first responders in managing the consequences of
terrorist acts.
• Eligibility: All fire and emergency first response agencies and law enforcement personnel
who have operational and/or incident management responsibilities
• Criteria/Use: Training is provided through State fire training programs. The program is
targeted to first responders, as being the individuals who will first come into contact with and
have to manage terrorist acts and their consequences.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: These funds are provided to the State Fire College (in Florida),
and aren’t really available to local agencies. However, first response agencies who either
come into contact with terrorist acts, or who expect to do so, would do well to contact the
State Fire College or FEMA and explore the possibility of making this training available to
their employees
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Fisheries Development, Utilization Research and Development (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
• Purpose: These related programs are administered by the National Marine Fisheries Service
(NMF). The stated purpose of these programs is: “To increase greatly the Nation’s wealth
and quality of life through sustainable fisheries that support fishing industry jobs, safe and
wholesome seafood, and recreational opportunities.”
• Eligibility: Any United States citizen, any group of commercial interests; federal, state or
local governments, or groups thereof
• Criteria/Use: Proposals must be consistent with the annual funding priorities of the
applicable NMF or Regional Fisheries Council offices. Applicants should demonstrate an
awareness of the fisheries resources of their region, as well as the issues or problems
associated with local fisheries. Issues and problems to be addressed in the project should
be supported by industry experience.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Any entity meeting the eligibility requirements, and interested in
fisheries enhancement could apply. Presumably, if a disaster had damaged a fisheries
resource, or an economic disaster was likely, due to a fisheries collapse, program funds
could be used for restoration purposes.
Flood Insurance (FIP)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency/National Flood Insurance Program
• Purpose: To enable persons to purchase insurance against physical damage to or loss of
buildings and/or contents therein caused by floods, mudslide (i.e., mud flow), or flood-
related erosion, thereby reducing Federal disaster assistance payments, and to promote
wise floodplain management practices in the Nation's flood-prone and mud flow-prone
areas.
• Eligibility: Flood insurance can be made available in any community (a State or political
subdivision thereof with authority to adopt and enforce floodplain management measures for
the areas within its jurisdiction) that submits a properly completed application to FEMA
including copies of enacted floodplain management measures consistent with the National
Flood Insurance Program regulations.
• Criteria/Use: Under the Emergency Program of the National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP), property owners may buy flood insurance at a chargeable premium rate that is
generally lower than a normal actuarial rate.
• Funding Mechanism: Insurance
• Funding Amount: Maximum amounts of such coverage available under the Emergency
Program of the NFIP are: $35,000 for a single-family home, $100,000 for all other residential
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structures, plus $10,000 per dwelling unit for any contents; for non-residential structures, an
ag
• Match Requirements: None
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is the quintessential hazard mitigation program in the United
States. So important is this program that it essentially drives all federal flood, storm and
hurricane related disaster response programs. One of the best mitigation activities a local
government could undertake would be to encourage increased resident purchase of flood
insurance.
Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency
• Purpose: To fund cost-effective measures by States and communities that reduce or
eliminate the long-term risk of flood damage to buildings, manufactured homes, and other
insurable structures. Planning grants assist state agencies and local governments in
developing or updating flood mitigation plans that assess risk and propose possible
mitigation actions. Project grants assist state agencies and local governments in
implementing flood mitigation projects that will reduce risk of flood damage to repetitive loss
properties identified in a flood mitigation plan.
• Eligibility: State agencies, local governments participating in the National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP), and qualified local organizations.
• Criteria/Use: Planning Grants may be used to assist States and communities in developing
and updating flood mitigation plans. Technical Assistance Grants may be used to provide
States with funding that will allow them to provide technical assistance to communities that
are completing applications for Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) planning or project grants,
or in the process of implementing FMA-funded mitigation projects. The only applicants
eligible for Technical Assistance Grants are the State agencies or departments responsible
for administering FMA. Project Grants may be used to assist States and communities in
implementing flood mitigation projects to reduce the risk of flood damage to insurable
structures
• Funding Mechanism: Project grants and formula grants
• Overall Funding Available: $20 million
• Funding Amount: Individual planning grants will not exceed $150,000 to any State agency
applicant, or exceed $50,000 to any community applicant. The total planning grant made in
any Fiscal Year to any State, including all communities located in the State, will not exceed
• Match Requirements: 25%
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is a very good mitigation program for communities which are
members of the NFIP and actively maintain their ratings status under the program. The
primary requirement of the grant program is that the community must have or propose to
develop a mitigation plan to guide proposed activities. Regional staff notes that the
approved, finalized Local Mitigation Strategy may meet the criteria for such planning
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Flood Plain Management Services (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Defense/United States Army/United States
Army Corps of Engineers
• Purpose: Section 206 of the 1960 Flood Control Act provides USACE services in planning
and technical services without charge for studies, including hurricane evacuation studies,
comprehensive flood plain management studies, flood damage reduction studies,
urbanization impact studies, stormwater management studies, and inventories of flood-
prone structures.
• Eligibility: State, tribal, and local governments
• Criteria/Use: None provided
• Funding Mechanism: Services
• Applicability to Mitigation: Planning, designing and constructing for flood control is a form of
mitigation
Florida Communities Trust/Florida Forever Program (FCT)
• Grantor Name: Florida Department of Community Affairs/Florida Communities Trust
• Purpose: To facilitate the purchase of lands, for conservation and/or recreation purposes, by
local governments
• Eligibility: Local governments and non-profit environmental organizations that are tax
exempt under section 501(c)(3) of the United States Internal Revenue Code are eligible to
apply for funding.
• Criteria/Use: Land acquisition proposals in which the local government proposes to use
matching funds are viewed more favorably than outright grants. However, both types of
financing can be approved.
• Funding Mechanism: Purchases, purchase agreements
• Overall Funding Available: $66 million
• Funding Amount: $6.6 million
• Match Requirements: Counties with populations greater than 75,000 and municipalities with
populations greater than 10,000 are required to provide a minimum match of 25% of the
total project cost. Small counties and cities that are under the above thresholds, and eligible
non
• Deadline: May each year, date varies
• Applicability to Mitigation: Because of its emphasis on preservation, conservation and
environmental protection, this program is often overlooked as a potential funding source for
disaster mitigation. However, a partially settled area, wherein the local government has
recorded periodic reoccurring flood damage, is an excellent subject for purchase with funds
from this program; particularly if other (environmental) benefits can also be demonstrated.
Florida Recreation Development Assistance Program (FRDAP)
• Grantor Name: Department of Environmental Protection/Division of Recreation and Parks
• Purpose: Provides grants for acquisition or development of land for public outdoor recreation
use or to construct or renovate recreational trails.
• Eligibility: Municipal and county governments or other legally constituted entities with the
legal responsibility to provide public outdoor recreation.
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• Criteria/Use: Applicants may submit up to two applications during the submission period
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: $200,000.00
• Match Requirements: The match requirements depend on the total project cost: 1) $50,000
or less requires a 0% match, 2) $50,001 - 150,000, requires a 25% match, and 3) over
$150,000, requires a 50% match. Matching funds may be in the form of cash, the value of
undeveloped l
• Deadline: October each year
• Applicability to Mitigation: Acquisition of land or improvement of acquired land may be
mitigation.
Florida Warning and Information Network (None)
• Grantor Name: Florida Department of Community Affairs
• Purpose: This is a state-sponsored program to harden existing facilities against disasters
events. The program contains some new elements and may be applicable to needs
identified by participating municipalities.
• Eligibility: Contact Agency
• Criteria/Use: None provided
• Funding Mechanism: Contact Agency
• Overall Funding Available: $4.66 million
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Hardening facilities against hazards is a form of mitigation
Food Distribution (Food Donation Program)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Agriculture
• Purpose: To improve the diets of school-age and pre-school children, the elderly, needy
persons in charitable institutions, and other individuals requiring food assistance. To
increase the market for domestically produced foods which have been acquired under
surplus removal or price support programs.
• Eligibility: State, territorial and federal agencies involved in food distribution programs, or
other entities who receive and distribute donated food, school systems and child-feeding
programs, charitable institutions to the extent that they serve needy persons, emergency
feeding operations, elderly nutrition programs, elderly nutrition programs for American
Indians on reservations, and households participating in The Emergency Food Assistance
Program, are eligible to participate, but must do so through the relevant State or Federal
agency.
• Criteria/Use: USDA makes food available to state agencies for distribution to qualified
outlets. These outlets include, but may not be limited to, emergency feeding organizations,
soup kitchens, food banks, child/adult day care facilities, certain charitable institutions,
elderly nutrition programs, non-profit summer camps, and Summer Food Service Programs
for children. Individuals receiving food are not charged. Donated foods may not be sold,
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exchanged or disposed of by the distributing agencies, without specific prior approval by the
USDA.
• Funding Mechanism: Sale, exchange or donation of food/food supplies.
• Applicability to Mitigation: In order to use this program for mitigation purposes, a local
agency would need to establish an emergency food distribution service meeting all
applicable state and federal requirements. In order to justify its existence, the service would
also have to operate in a non-disaster capacity. It is likely that most local governments are
aware of local programs which provide meals, canned goods, etcetera, to needy individuals.
A good mitigation strategy might be to work with one or more of these agencies (already
certified under the USDA program) to establish mechanisms for quickly putting disaster
mass feeding operations in place.
Forest Lands (None)
• Grantor Name: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services/Division of
Forestry
• Purpose: To preserve Florida forests
• Eligibility: The State of Florida receives annual Florida Forever funding for the acquisition of
forested lands
• Criteria/Use: The program operates primarily through the purchase of land from “willing
sellers”. However, land acquired through other land acquisition programs may also be
added to the State Forest System.
• Funding Mechanism: Purchases, purchase agreements, donations, condemnation,
purchase of development rights, conservation easements, etc.
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Acquisition of lands, especially along the coast or rivers is
mitigation because it removes the potential for development. Acquisition and subsequent
appropriate management of interior forested lands is mitigation .
Greenways and Trails Land Acquisition Program (Florida Forever)
• Grantor Name: Office of Greenways and Trails/Department of Environmental Protection
• Purpose: To preserve natural environments and to establish a State Trail System. The
Florida Recreational Trails Program was created in 1979, and in 1987 the Florida Rails-to-
Trails Program was created to acquire abandoned railroad rights of way and additions to the
Florida National Scenic Trail for recreational purposes. This program was added to the
Preservation 2000 program in 1990. In 1996, the Florida State Legislature created the
Florida Greenways and Trails Acquisition Program. The components of the original
Recreational Trails program are still included in the new program, but now the Department
of Environmental Protection can purchase greenways in addition to purchasing abandoned
railroad rights-of-way and additions to the Florida National Scenic Trail.
• Eligibility: Federal, state, or local government; non-profit organizations; and individual
citizens of Florida. For a project to qualify for the Greenways and Trails Acquisition
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Program, it must meet the following criteria: (1) have documentation of a willing seller; (2)
have documentation of a willing manager; and, (3) meet the definition of a greenway or trail
• Criteria/Use: A Certificate of Eligibility is necessary to prove that the applicant's proposed
project meets the following criteria: project meets statutory definition of greenway or trail, the
project is located within or adjacent to an opportunity segment on the Recreational
Prioritization Maps, at least 80% of project has a willing seller(s), project has a willing
manager
• Funding Mechanism: Land acquisition
• Overall Funding Available: $4.5 million
• Funding Amount: Depends on land costs
• Match Requirements: Variable
• Deadline: August each year
• Applicability to Mitigation: Because of its emphasis on preservation, conservation and
environmental protection, this program is often overlooked as a potential funding source for
disaster mitigation. Also, these funds are not directly available to local governments, unless,
of course, the local agency is the land. However, in Florida, lands which are
environmentally endangered, such as wetlands, coastal areas and riverine areas, are often
also lands subject to flooding, tidal surge, frequent fires and other natural hazards. Removal
of these properties from the threat of development is thus a form of disaster mitigation.
Hazard Mitigation Grant Program -Section 404 (HMGP - Post Disaster
Hazard Mitigation Program)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency and Florida Department of Community Affair/Division of Emergency
Management
• Purpose: To prevent future losses of lives and property due to disasters. The program
seeks to aid emergency management agencies in implementing State and local hazard
mitigation plans, to enable mitigation measures to begin in the immediate aftermath of a
disaster, and to provide funding to enable agencies to implement previously identified
mitigation measures.
• Eligibility: State and local governments, private/non-profit organizations, Indian
• Criteria/Use: Eligible applicants make application through their State emergency
management agency following a Presidential disaster declaration. Eligible projects include,
but may not be limited to, elevating, relocating, acquiring, or demolishing structures so as to
prevent or reduce future losses. Following a disaster declaration, the State will advertise
that HMGP funding is available to fund mitigation projects in the State. Those interested in
applying to the HMGP should contact their local government to begin the application
process. Local governments should contact their State Hazard Mitigation Officer.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: The amount of funding available for the HMGP under a particular
disaster declaration is limited. The program may provide a State with up to 7.5 percent of
the total disaster grants awarded by FEMA. States that meet higher mitigation planning
criteria may
• Funding Amount: Varies depending on amount of overall funding allocated post disaster
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• Match Requirements: FEMA can fund up to 75% of the eligible costs of each project. The
State or grantee must provide a 25% match, which can be fashioned from a combination of
cash and in-kind sources. Funding from other Federal sources cannot be used for the 25%
share with o
• Deadline: Applications for mitigation projects are encouraged as soon as possible after the
disaster occurs so that opportunities to do mitigation are not lost during reconstruction. The
State will set a deadline for application submittal. You should contact your S
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is one of the better mitigation funding sources. From
examining the various projects referenced on the DCA website, it appears that these funds
could be utilized for a large variety of mitigation projects.
Hazard Mitigation Technical Assistance Program (HMTAP)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency
• Purpose: To provide technical support to state/local communities, FEMA Regional and
Headquarters Mitigation staff in support of mitigation initiatives; technical support necessary
to mitigate against potential loss of lives and minimize the amount of damage as a result of
a natural disaster
• Eligibility: Available for use by all FEMA Regional and Headquarters Mitigation staff.
• Criteria/Use: Provides assistance to FEMA staff, designed to provide architectural,
engineering, and other mitigation related technical assistance in support of post disaster
mitigation initiatives; examples are environmental assessments, benefit cost analysis,
engineering/architectural feasibility studies, remote sensing and GIS, post disaster
floodplain analysis and training
• Funding Mechanism: Technical assistance
• Applicability to Mitigation: Support of mitigation initiatives; technical support necessary to
mitigate against potential loss of lives and minimize the amount of damage as a result of a
natural disaster
Hazardous Materials Training Program (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency
• Purpose: To make funding available to provide training in support of State, local, and Tribal
governments and university-sponsored programs designed to improve emergency planning,
preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery capabilities. These programs must
provide special emphasis on emergencies associated with hazardous chemicals.
• Eligibility: These funds are available to State and tribal governments and U.S. territories.
The funds benefit State governments, local governments, tribes, and U.S. territories.
• Criteria/Use: These funds are authorized to provide education and training programs for
Federal, State, local, and tribal personnel with special emphasis on hazardous chemicals
and related chemical emergencies. These funds are intended for the delivery of training
courses only. The assistance is normally available for one year. The assistance is awarded
to the State in a lump sum. The State may then pass the funds through to other agencies
(in Florida, the Local Emergency Planning Committees).
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• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: 20%
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Training is a form of preparation.
Hazardous Waste Worker Health and Safety (Superfund Worker Training
Program)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Health and Human Services
• Purpose: To provide cooperative agreements and project grant support for the development
and administration of model worker health and safety training programs, consisting of both
classroom and practical health and safety training of workers and supervisors, for activities
related to hazardous materials, hazardous waste generation, treatment, storage, disposal,
removal, containment, transportation, or emergency response. To assist organizations in the
development of institutional competency to provide appropriate training and education to
hazardous waste workers
• Eligibility: Eligible applicants include: public or private nonprofit entities providing worker
health and safety education and training
• Criteria/Use: Cooperative agreements and project grants administered under this program
are intended to support the direct costs of a project, in accordance with an approved budget,
plus indirect costs at a pre-established rate. Both the award and use of funds are subject to
applicable provisions of basic statutory authorities, appropriations acts, pertinent
regulations, and operating policies of the National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences (NIEHS), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Department of Health and
Human Services (DHHS).
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is a good training program for local governments to utilize.
Education is a form of mitigation, in that individuals responsible for implementing and
overseeing hazardous waste cleanups would be better trained to do so, and thus would be
more likely to be successful.
Home Investment Partnerships Program (HOME)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
• Purpose: To expand the supply of decent, affordable housing, with particular emphasis on
rental housing, for low-income and very low-income citizens.
• Eligibility: States, cities, urban counties, and consortia (of contiguous units of general local
governments with a binding agreement)
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• Criteria/Use: This program provides loans for rehabilitation of existing units, conversion of
non-residential uses to residential uses; acquisition and rehabilitation of existing units, and
new construction; all for the purpose of increasing the availability of affordable housing units.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: A mitigation strategy utilizing these funds would require the local
government to have, or to partner with, a local housing agency. Under such circumstances,
the program could be a good source of mitigation funds for replacement of sub-standard
units (more likely to succumb to a disaster) with safe, decent, affordable housing.
Hurricane Loss Mitigation Program ()
• Grantor Name: State of Florida
• Purpose: Fund activities that promote property resiliency through retrofits made to
residential, commercial, and mobile home properties, the promotion of public education and
public information, and through hurricane research activities.
• Eligibility: Governmental entities, nonprofit organizations, and qualified for-profit
organizations. (individual homeowners are ineligible to apply)
• Criteria/Use: Projects/initiatives must be aimed at minimizing damages caused by
hurricanes.
• Funding Mechanism: Promote property resiliency through retrofits made to residential,
commercial, and mobile home properties, the promotion of public education and public
information, and through hurricane research activities.
• Overall Funding Available: $7.0M
• Funding Amount: Varies
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Varies. Email HLMP@em.myflorida.com to request being added to
announcements in funding opportunities.
• Applicability to Mitigation: Activities that promote property resiliency through retrofits made to
residential, commercial, and mobile home properties, the promotion of public education and
public information, and through hurricane research activities.
Hurricane Program (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency
• Purpose: To significantly reduce the loss of life, property, economic disruption, and disaster
assistance costs resulting from hurricanes.
• Eligibility: States
• Criteria/Use: Provides state and local assistance; property protection; hazard identification
and evacuation studies; post-storm analysis; training and exercises; and public awareness
and education campaigns, and materials to support State and local activities.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
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• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: 25%
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: The program primarily provides information, public awareness
materials, and technical assistance to local and State governments (for use by their own
programs). This is a good public outreach mitigation program.
Impact Aid Disaster Assistance Program (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Education
• Purpose: To assist with the increased costs to schools, and the decreased revenues to
school districts, which can result from the effects of a disaster.
• Eligibility: Local educational agencies that provide free public elementary or secondary
education may apply for these funds.
• Criteria/Use: Applications must be submitted within 90 days of the publication of the
applicable disaster declaration notice in the Federal Register. However, applicant eligibility
and the funding awarded will be based upon “before and after” (the disaster) data, which
may not be available for a year, or longer time period.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: These funds could be used by individual public schools, or school
districts, to aid in post-disaster recovery and mitigation. However, the long time lag between
application and receipt of the grant (if awarded) is somewhat of a deterrent.
Interagency Hazardous Materials Public Sector Training and Planning
Grants (Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Grants.)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Transportation
• Purpose: To increase State, local, territorial and Native American tribal abilities to safely and
efficiently handle hazardous materials accidents and incidents; to enhance implementation
of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA); and to
encourage a comprehensive approach to emergency planning and training by incorporating
response to transportation standards.
• Eligibility: States, U. S. Territories and Federally recognized Native American Tribes may
apply for either or both planning and training grants
• Criteria/Use: This grant program is intended to be used to increase the emphasis on
transportation in ongoing training efforts and to improve the capability of communities to
plan for and respond to the full range of potential risks posed by accidents and incidents
involving hazardous materials. The grants have two principal uses: (1) to assist States,
Territories and Native American Tribes in developing, improving and implementing
emergency response plans under EPCRA (including the determination of flow patterns of
hazardous materials within a State, between States and Native American lands); and
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determining the need for regional hazardous materials response teams. (2) to stimulate
support for training of Public Sector employees to respond to accidents and incidents
involving hazardous materials.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: The LEPC training programs are an excellent mitigation tool for
local emergency response agencies. Communities which have not taken advantage of
these programs should consider doing so.
My Safe Florida Home Program ()
• Grantor Name: Florida Division of Emergency Management
• Purpose: To provide financial assistance and guidance to Florida homeowners for hurricane
mitigation improvements.
• Eligibility: Florida homeowners residing in single-family, site-built homes.
• Criteria/Use: The program supports various mitigation improvements, including:
• Funding Mechanism: Grants are awarded on a first-come, first-served basis, subject to
funding availability.
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Homeowners are required to contribute funds towards the project,
which the program matches at a 2:1 ratio.
• Deadline: The program operates on an annual funding cycle, with deadlines varying based
on available funds. For the most current deadlines, consult the program website or contact
the Florida Division of Emergency Management.
• Applicability to Mitigation: For Collier County, the My Safe Florida Home Program can be
integrated into the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) to:
National Fire Academy Educational Program (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Fire Administration
• Purpose: The National Fire Academy (part of the U.S. Fire Administration, which is part of
FEMA) offers various courses on disaster and emergency related topics for fire department
personnel, or others with fire prevention responsibility. The purpose of this program is to
provide travel stipends to students attending Academy courses.
• Eligibility: Potential applicants include any student who is a member of a fire department or
has significant responsibility for fire prevention and control and has been accepted into an
eligible course at the National Fire Academy. The program reimburses the local agency or
personal travel expense for attending training programs.
• Criteria/Use: Presently, the program covers reimbursement for the cost of a 21-day pre-
purchase, non-refundable ticket for round-trip transportation by common carrier, or privately
owned vehicle mileage reimbursement not to exceed the cost of the airline ticket, for the
resident program courses at the National Fire Academy in Emmitsburg, Maryland, and also
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a limited stipend for selected regional delivery courses throughout the nation. For Resident
Program courses, students are required to pay the cost of meals which is $15.76 (includes
tax) daily (subject to change each October 1). For Regional Delivery courses, a limited
stipend of up to $100 for a one-week course and up to $200 for a two-week course is
provided to help offset the students' transportation and lodging costs. Reimbursements are
not made to Federal employees attending on behalf of their employer, private industry
employees, or foreign students.
• Funding Mechanism: Direct payments
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is an excellent mitigation program; particularly with regard to
fire suppression and control issues. The reimbursement program is open to all fire and
rescue or related agencies. Training of personnel to enable them to better respond to an
emergency is a form of mitigation.
National Historical Publications and Records Grants (None)
• Grantor Name: National Historical Publications and Records Commission/National Archives
and Records Administration
• Purpose: To undertake a wide range of activities related to the preservation, publication and
use of documentary sources relating to United States history.
• Eligibility: State and local governments, territorial governments, Indian tribes, educational
and/or non-profit institutions, universities, colleges, libraries, historical societies, museums,
university presses, archives, individuals, etc.
• Criteria/Use: Funds may be used for projects having the purpose of: advancing the state of
the art (of preservation); to promote cooperative efforts by institutions and organizations; to
improve the knowledge, performance and professional skills of those individuals who work
with historic records; for the preservation, arrangement and description of historical records;
and for the publication (in book, microfiche or electronic versions) of historical records.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: These funds could be used by local agencies in the creation of
County/Municipal records preservation or restoration strategies. Preservation of documents
to reduce the amount of paperwork is a form of mitigation.
Nonprofit Security Grant Program (NSGP)
• Grantor Name: FEMA
• Purpose: To improve security for nonprofit organizations at high risk of terrorist attacks.
• Eligibility: Nonprofit organizations must be:
• Criteria/Use: Projects must focus on addressing identified risks and vulnerabilities.
• Funding Mechanism: Competetive Grant
• Overall Funding Available: Varies
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• Funding Amount: Varies
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Annual deadlines are set in the FEMA NOFO. States typically have their own
earlier submission deadlines.
• Applicability to Mitigation: he NSGP can fund security upgrades for nonprofit facilities
identified as critical to community resilience.
Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Transportation
• Purpose: To encourage greater State participation in response to actual or threatened
discharges of oil. The program is funded through fines paid to the U.S. Coast Guard by
entities liable for clean up costs for oil/fuel spills.
• Eligibility: The Governor of any State may apply for financial assistance under this program.
• Criteria/Use: Funds are to be used for immediate clean up action costs that are directly
related to a specific incident. Removal costs must generally be incurred at the spill site or in
support of spill site clean up activities (e.g., salary costs for State officials actually engaged
in the removal actions, transportation costs for transporting persons and materials to the
spill site, costs of equipment usage and items consumed during clean up, contract costs,
and administrative costs for preparing reports and documenting actions which occurred at
the spill site). Removal actions must be consistent with the National Contingency Plan (40
CFR 300) and must be approved by the cognizant Coast Guard or Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) Federal On-Scene Coordinator (FOSC). Remedial actions and restorations
are not eligible for reimbursement.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants and cooperative agreements
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Funding is limited to $250,000 per incident.
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This program represents the primary funding source for U.S.
Coast Guard activities involved in responding to fuel or oil spills; particularly in navigable
waterways. This type of funding is generally available when a large-scale disaster has
created actual or potential fuel spill incidents.
Partners for Fish and Wildlife (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of the Interior/United States Fish and Wildlife
Service
• Purpose: The US Fish and Wildlife Service provides financial and technical assistance to
private landowners, businesses, and local governments interested in restoring wetlands and
riparian habitats on their land.
• Eligibility: Private landowners, Native American Organizations, local governments,
educational institutions and organizations are eligible for financial and technical assistance
from the Partners Program.
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• Criteria/Use: Assistance provided to private landowners and Native American Tribes.
Program goal is to achieve a 50 percent cost share on projects with matching funds and in-
kind contributions provided by the landowners and other partners.
• Funding Mechanism: Direct Payments for Specified Use
• Overall Funding Available: FY 05 est $32,000,000
• Funding Amount: $200 to $25,000. The average cost per project is $5,400
• Match Requirements: This program has no statutory formula. The Program goal is to obtain
a 50 percent match of Federal monies by partnering with landowners, local community
groups and other local and national conservation organizations.
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Typical wetland restoration and enhancement techniques involve
restoring the natural hydrology of a site through the blocking of surface ditches, breaking
sub-surface drain tiles, building shallow berms to trap water, filling in concentration pits,
removing eroded sediment which fills in basins, installing grass buffers, or installing fences
along wetlands or stream corridors that prevent cattle grazing within the stream or wetland.
Physical Disaster Loans (None)
• Grantor Name: Small Business Administration
• Purpose: To provide loans to victims of physical disasters to cover uninsured losses.
• Eligibility: Individuals, business concerns, charitable and nonprofit organizations. Agricultural
enterprises are ineligible. Applicants must have suffered physical property loss s a result of
a disaster which occurred in an area declared as eligible for assistance by the President or
The Small Business Administration. Applicants must demonstrate an ability to repay the
loan.
• Criteria/Use: Loans are made to homeowners, renters, businesses of all sizes and nonprofit
organizations to repair and/or replace damaged and/or destroyed real property and/or
personal property to its pre-disaster conditions. Loans to homeowners/tenants are made for
periods of up to 30 years.
• Funding Mechanism: Direct Loans; Guaranteed/Insured Loans
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: There is a funding limit of $200,000 for repair/replacement of real property
and a limit of $40,000 for repair/replacement of personal property. The loan limit may be
increased by 20 percent to provide protective measures from damages caused by physical d
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is the standard SBA disaster loan which becomes available
after an area has suffered from a Presidentially-declared disaster. The purpose is to
implement mitigation measures to protect business property from damage by future
disasters. Examples might be retaining walls, sea walls, grading and contouring land,
elevating flood-prone structures, relocating utilities, and retrofitting structures against high
winds, earthquakes, floods, wildfires, or other disasters.
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Planning Assistance to States (Section 22 Program)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Defense/United States Army/United States
Army Corps of Engineers
• Purpose: Section 22 of the Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) of 1974 allows the
USACE to assist state, tribal, and local governments in the preparation of comprehensive
plans for the development, utilization, and conservation of water and related land resources
with up to 50% federal match. Technical and planning assistance may include wetlands
evaluation studies, flood damage reduction studies, flood plain management studies, and
water quality/quantity studies.
• Eligibility: State, regional, and local units of government should submit requests for
assistance to the State Section Coordinator with a copy to the Corps.
• Criteria/Use: The State or Tribal coordinator/official would verify that the request for
assistance is in agreement with their comprehensive water plan and include it in their annual
program budget request. The State's and Tribe's annual request for assistance is used to
develop the Corps Section 22 Program for that year
• Funding Mechanism: Technical assistance
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: $300,000.00
• Match Requirements: 50%
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Some neighborhood drainage systems are only designed to
handle, or are capable of handing, a few inches of rainfall. The Corps can perform studies
of these and other community flooding problems, perform environmental improvement
studies involving water resources, act in concert with other governmental agencies to
perform hurricane evacuation and damage studies, and perform studies of floods and flood
plain issues. The Planning Assistance to States Program may help States in support of the
Coastal Zone Management Act of the Floodplain Management Services Program when the
primary purpose is to supplement basinwide or regional State planning for the coastal zone
or floodplains.
Pollution Control Bond Program (State Bond Loan Program)
• Grantor Name: Florida Department of Environmental Protection
• Purpose: Construction of pollution control facilities, including those related to drinking water,
wastewater, stormwater, solid waste, and air pollution.
• Eligibility: Local governments; special districts are eligible as well as municipalities and
county governments
• Criteria/Use: Plans and specifications of proposed facilities are required. The loan interest
rate is a pass through rate.
• Funding Mechanism: Loans that come from State of Florida full faith and credit revenue
bonds. Bonds are sold on a competitive bid basis and reflect market conditions. The bonds
are tax exempt. No interest subsidy.
• Overall Funding Available: $300 million annually; source of the funds are bonds sold by the
state
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• Funding Amount: Loans less than $10 million probably would be packaged with other loans.
Loans in the million dollar range may not be practical. Projects involving numerous small
contracts, work orders, purchase orders, etc. are not practical under this program.
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Ensuring structurally sound and properly engineered facilities is a
form of mitigation.
Pollution Prevention Grants Program (PPIS)
• Grantor Name: United States Environmental Protection Agency
• Purpose: To support State and tribal level pollution prevention programs that address the
reduction of pollutants across all environmental media: air, land, and water.
• Eligibility: States, local governments, private universities, private non-profit entities, private
businesses, and individuals are not eligible. Any State, interstate, and/or local
agency/organization/university, Federally-Recognized Indian Tribes, public non-profit
organization/institution, for-profit organization, private organization, and quasi-public
nonprofit organization may serve as a funding beneficiary.
• Criteria/Use: Source reduction is any practice that: (1) reduces the amount of any hazardous
substance, pollutant, or contaminant entering any waste stream or otherwise released into
the environment (including fugitive emissions) prior to recycling, treatment, or disposal; and,
(2) reduces the hazards to public health and the environment associated with the release of
such substances, pollutants, or contaminants.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: 50%
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Use of this program by a local government in Florida would
probably require a partnership arrangement with the State and Federal governments and,
perhaps, a contributing non-profit agency. However, the program might be able to provide
assistance in resolving local pollution control problems.
Pre-Disaster Mitigation Competitive Grant Program (PDM - Competitive)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency and Florida Department of Community Affairs/Division of Emergency
Management
• Purpose: Provides funds to State, Tribal, and local governments for pre-disaster mitigation
planning and projects primarily addressing natural hazards. Cost-Effective pre-disaster
mitigation activities reduce risk to life and property from natural hazard events before a
natural disaster strikes, thus reducing overall risks to the population and structures, while
also reducing reliance on funding from actual disaster declarations. Funds will be awarded
on a competitive basis to successful.
• Eligibility: State and territorial emergency management agencies; eligible sub-applicants
include state agencies; Federally-recognized Indian Tribal governments; and local
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governments. Applicants can apply for PDM competitive grant funds directly to FEMA, while
Sub-applicants must apply for funds through an eligible Applicant. Private non-profit
organizations are not eligible to apply for PDM but may ask the appropriate local
government to submit an application for the proposed activity on their behalf.
• Criteria/Use: Not dependent upon a Presidential disaster declaration. Mitigation planning
and mitigation projects are eligible activities, including information dissemination activities
regarding cost-effective mitigation technologies related to the proposed mitigation planning
activity or project. Associated Applicant and Sub-applicant management costs also are
eligible.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: $132,650,000 in FY 2003
• Funding Amount: $3,000,000
• Match Requirements: 25%, for small impoverished communities, match is 10%
• Deadline: October each year
• Applicability to Mitigation: A PDM competitive grant will provide funds for the community to
reduce the overall risk to populations and structures through mitigation projects and plans
prior to a disaster occurring. Mitigation projects, acquisition or relocation of vulnerable
properties, hazard retrofits, minor structural hazard control or protection projects, community
outreach and education
Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program – Planning Grants (PDM - Planning)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency and Florida Department of Community Affairs/Division of Emergency
Management
• Purpose: To provide technical assistance (risk assessments, project development) and to
revise and update the Local Mitigation Strategy.
• Eligibility: States, which, in turn, may provide sub-grants to local and Indian Tribal
governments. Private non-profit organizations are not eligible sub-grantee applicants;
however, local governments may sponsor an application on their behalf.
• Criteria/Use: Not dependent upon a Presidential disaster declaration. All applicants must be
participating in the National Flood Insurance Program if they have been identified through
the NFIP as having a Special Flood Hazard Area (a Flood Hazard Boundary Map (FHBM) or
Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM).
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: For FY 2003, FEMA provided a maximum of $248,375 (Federal
share) to each state, Collier County's share was $20,000
• Funding Amount: $20,000.00
• Match Requirements: 25%
• Deadline: Deadline for state submittal to FEMA is in April, local government deadline to
state would follow
• Applicability to Mitigation: Useful for updating mitigation strategies
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Public Assistance (PA/Section 406)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency
• Purpose: To allow state and local governments to respond to disasters, to recover from their
impact and to mitigate impact from future disasters. While these grants are aimed at
governments and organizations -- their final goal is to help a community and all its citizens
recover from devastating natural disasters. The PA Program provides the basis for
consistent training and credentialing of staff (people) who administer the program; more
accessible and understandable guidance and policy for participating in the grant program;
improved customer service through a more efficient grant delivery process, applicant-
centered management, and better information exchange; and continuing performance
evaluations and program improvements.
• Eligibility: State and local governments and to certain private nonprofit organizations.
• Criteria/Use: The Public Assistance Program provides supplemental Federal disaster grant
assistance for the repair, replacement, or restoration of disaster-damaged, publicly owned
facilities and the facilities of certain Private Non-Profit (PNP) organizations. Grants can be
used to clear debris; apply emergency protective measures to preserve life and property in
response to the declared event; and repair or replace damaged structures, such as
buildings, utilities, roads and bridges, water-control facilities, and recreational facilities.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Varies each year, and depends on cost of declared disasters and
funding available
• Funding Amount: For small projects (under $48,900 for FY00), the grant is based on an
estimate of the cost of the work. For large projects ($48,900 or more), the final grant is
based on actual eligible costs. In large projects, the State will disburse progress payments,
• Match Requirements: The Federal share of assistance is not less than 75% of the eligible
cost for emergency measures and permanent restoration. The State determines how the
non-Federal share (up to 25%) is split with the applicants
• Deadline: The project completion deadlines are set from the date that the major disaster or
emergency is declared. Emergency Work: 6 months, Permanent Work: 18 months
• Applicability to Mitigation: Repair of facilities, cleaning up of debris, etc. is mitigation and
improving the facilities to a standard that makes them even more secure and damage
resistant is even better mitigation.
Public Works & Infrastructure Development Grants (EDA)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Commerce/Economic Development
Administration
• Purpose: To support the construction or rehabilitation of essential public infrastructure and
development facilities necessary to generate private sector jobs and investment, including
investments that support technology-led development, redevelopment of brownfield sites,
and eco-industrial development.
• Eligibility: Universities, state and local governments, Indian Tribes and non-profit
organizations in cooperation with governmental organization.
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• Criteria/Use: Project proposals must be located within an economically distressed EDA
designated area and be in conformance with an Overall Economic Development Program
(OEDP) for the eligible area. Projects must also contribute to long-term economic
development of the area by creating or retaining permanent jobs and raising income levels.
Examples of projects include 1) Infrastructure for industrial park development; 2) port
development and expansion; 3) infrastructure necessary for economic development (e.g.
water/sewer facilities); 4) renovation and recycling of old industrial buildings; 5) construction
of vocational-technical facilities and skill centers; and 6) construction of incubator facilities.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: $204,000,000.00
• Funding Amount: Average of over $1.24 million in FY 02
• Match Requirements: 50%
• Deadline: None
• Applicability to Mitigation: Communities that have experienced economic distress, either as
a result of a disaster, or as a result of local demographics and unrelated conditions, may find
these funds useful to help establish facilities that are up to current codes and/or that are
stronger in the face of natural or manmade disasters; may also be used to redevelop
contaminated brownfield sites; economic distress may result from natural or other major
disasters
Recreational Trails Program (RTP)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Transportation/Federal Highway Administration
and Florida Department of Environmental Protection/Office of Greenways & Trails
• Purpose: Federally funded competitive grant program that provides financial assistance to
agencies of city, county, state or federal governments, and organizations, approved by the
State, or state and federally recognized Indian tribal governments, for the development of
recreational trails, trailheads and trailside facilities.
• Eligibility: Municipal or county governments, state or federal governmental agencies,
recognized state and federal Indian tribal governments, and organizations approved by the
State.
• Criteria/Use: Projects must be either a Greenway: A linear open space established along
either a natural corridor, such as a riverfront, stream valley, or ridgeline, or over land along a
railroad right-of-way converted to recreational use, a canal, a scenic road, or other route;
any natural or landscaped course for pedestrian or bicycle passage; an open space
connector linking parks, nature reserves, cultural features, or historic sites with each other
and populated areas; or a local strip or linear park designated as a parkway or greenbelt.
Or a Trail: Linear corridors and any adjacent support parcels on land or water providing
public access for recreation or authorized alternative modes of transportation. The
evaluation criteria include ecological, recreational, and acquisition components.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Non-Motorized Projects = $100,000, Mixed-Use Projects = $100,000,
Motorized Projects = $250,000
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• Match Requirements: 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, more points are awarded depending on the
match provided
• Deadline: January in 2004, deadline varies
• Applicability to Mitigation: Because of its emphasis on preservation, conservation and
environmental protection, this program is often overlooked as a potential funding source for
disaster mitigation. Also, these funds are not directly available to local governments, unless,
of course, the local agency is the land. However, in Florida, lands which are
environmentally endangered, such as wetlands, coastal areas and riverine areas, are often
also lands subject to flooding, tidal surge, frequent fires and other natural hazards. Removal
of these properties from the threat of development is thus a form of disaster mitigation.
Residential Construction Mitigation Program (RCMP)
• Grantor Name: Florida Department of Community Affairs
• Purpose: Funds are used for programs to improve wind resistance of residences and mobile
homes, including loans, subsidies, grants demonstration projects, and direct assistance;
cooperative programs with local governments and the Federal Government; and other
efforts to prevent or reduce losses or reduce the cost of rebuilding after a disaster.
• Eligibility: Typically, grants have been provided to local governments on a noncompetitive
basis for wind resistive house retrofit projects, while grantees/ contractors are sought for
other desired projects through Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) and Request for
Proposals (RFP) processes.
• Criteria/Use: $2.8 million is designated for the Mobile Home Tie-Down Program. $700,000 is
designated for Hurricane Research to be conducted by Florida International University.
Research tracks include: (a) eliminate state and local barriers to upgrading existing mobile
homes and communities; (b) research and develop a recycling program of older mobile
homes; and (c) support programs of research and development relating to hurricane loss
reduction devices and techniques for site-built residences. $3.5 million is to be used to
improve the wind resistance of residences through loans, subsidies, grants, demonstration
projects, direct assistance, and cooperative programs with local and federal governments.
• Funding Mechanism: Contact Agency
• Overall Funding Available: $7 million
• Funding Amount: An annual budget is determined by the Secretary of the Department of
Community Affairs, in consultation with the RCMP Advisory Council
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: NOFAs are advertised in the Florida Administrative Weekly and all RFPs are
issued via the www.myflorida.com web portal. NOFAs and RFPs can be issued at any time
during the fiscal year.
• Applicability to Mitigation: Provides funding for hurricane retrofitting. A certified inspector
using DCA's Wind Resistance Checklist may perform a structural inspection of the home.
Information is assessed and a mitigation report is prepared that outlines the hurricane
hazard risk, identifies retrofit options and packages, assesses costs and benefits, and
provides retrofitting recommendations and estimated costs. If homeowners are
recommended for the program, they are eligible for a forgivable loan to complete the
retrofitting.
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Revolving Fund Loan Program for Waste Water Treatment (Water Pollution
Control SRF program)
• Grantor Name: Florida Department of Environmental Protection
• Purpose: Provides funding to assist in the financing of publicly owned waster water and
stormwater treatment collection, transmission, disposal, and reclamation, re-use facilities as
well as infiltration/inflow correction. Project loans for up to 20 years at interest rates that are
over 60% below market rate.
• Eligibility: Local governments (municipalities, counties, authorities, special districts, and
agencies thereof) are eligible for loans to control wastewater and stormwater pollution. Non-
governmental parties (basically any entity that can repay a loan) are eligible for loans to
control stormwater pollution related to agricultural operations.
• Criteria/Use: The Clean Water Act State Revolving Fund (SRF) Program provides low
interest loans for water pollution control activities and facilities. Water pollution control can
be divided into point source (a permit for discharge in an urban area is generally involved)
and non-point source (stormwater runoff from agricultural operations is generally involved).
The Clean Water SRF Program is distinct from the Safe Drinking Water Act SRF that
provides funding for drinking water activities and facilities. The Clean Water SRF Program
began in 1989 and over a billion dollars in loans have been made by the Florida Department
of Environmental Protection. The Program was recently expanded to make stormwater
management, agricultural runoff, estuary protection, and nearly any type of water pollution
control activity eligible for funding. The Program revolves in perpetuity using state and
federal appropriations, loan repayments, investment earnings, and bond proceeds.
• Funding Mechanism: Low interest loans; loans are to be repaid over the useful life of the
project (a maximum of 20 years). Preconstruction loans and loans for the costs associated
with pollution control associated with agricultural runoff have shorter loan repayment period
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Projects eligible for SRF loans include wastewater management
facilities, reclaimed wastewater reuse facilities, stormwater management facilities, widely
accepted pollution control practices (sometimes called "best management practices")
associated with agricultural stormwater runoff pollution control activities, and estuary
protection activities and facilities.
Rural Business Enterprise Grant Program (RBEG)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Agriculture
• Purpose: To facilitate the development of small and emerging private business, industry,
and related employment opportunities in order to improve the economy in rural areas.
There are two different grant programs.
• Eligibility: State, county, city, township and municipal governments, government agencies,
special districts, and tribal agencies which serve rural areas. The rural area in question
cannot be within a municipal boundary of an incorporated local government having a
population of 50,000 or more. Priority for the grants is given to areas with populations of
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25,000 or less. The grantee can pass the money to a designated beneficiary business
which will employ 50 or less new employees, has less than $1,000,000.00 in projected gross
revenue, and is utilizing, or proposing to utilize technological innovation and/or new product
commercialization within the target rural area.
• Criteria/Use: RBEG funds are utilized to establish revolving funds, provide operating capital,
finance industrial site acquisition/construction/start-up, modernize buildings and equipment,
construct access roads, construct parking areas, provide transportation to project sites,
extend utility infrastructure, provide pollution control cost funding, provide technical
assistance, pay permitting fees, and for refinancing. TDG funds can be used to establish
television programs targeting agricultural and rural interests.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Utilized by local governments to assist in the rebuilding of
businesses which had been previously damaged in a disaster, or which were particularly
vulnerable to certain types of disasters.
Rural Economic Development Loans and Grants (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Agriculture
• Purpose: To promote rural economic development and job creation projects, including
funding for project feasibility studies, start-up costs, incubator projects, and other reasonable
expenses for the purpose of fostering rural development.
• Eligibility: Electric and telephone utilities that have current Rural Electric Administration or
Rural Telephone Bank loans, or outstanding guarantees, and which are not delinquent on
any Federal debt or which are not currently in bankruptcy proceedings.
• Criteria/Use: Projects must promote rural economic development and job creation. The
maximum loan or grant available is $100,000.00, with a ten-year term at 0% interest rate.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants or Loans
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: It appears that the funding applicant would have to be a
designated Rural Electric Cooperative or a Rural Telephone Bank. This would be a
potential source of funds for a rural utility that had received extensive damage from a large-
scale disaster and needed money for repairs.
Rural Housing Site Loans and Self-Help Housing Land Development
(Section 523 and Section 524 Site Loans)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Agriculture
• Purpose: To assist public or private non-profit organizations, who are interested in providing
sites for housing, in acquiring and developing rural land areas, and subdividing land into
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appropriate building sites. The land so acquired is to be sold, on a “cost of development”
basis, to families eligible for low income and very low income loans, housing cooperatives,
and broadly based non-profit rural rental housing applicants.
• Eligibility: Applicants must be private or public non-profit entities which provide developed
sites to qualified borrowers, on a “cost of development” basis. The sites are to be located in
open country and/or incorporated municipalities with 10,000 or less population, or
recognized places with up to 25,000 in population, under certain conditions. Potential
applicants located within areas of population between 10,000 and 25,000 should check with
their local Rural Development program before making application. Sites developed with
Section 524 loans must be utilized for low, or very low, income housing, and may be sold as
such to families, non-profit organizations, public agencies, and eligible cooperatives.
Section 523 sites must be for housing to be built by the “self-help” method.
• Criteria/Use: Loans may be utilized for the purchase and development of adequate sites,
including the placement of any necessary infrastructure, such as sewer/water facilities;
payment of fees for engineering, legal services, and closing costs; landscaping; or,
construction of sidewalks, parking areas and driveways. Loans above $200,000.00 must
receive national office approval. Loan funds may not be used for the purpose of debt
refinancing, payment of broker/negotiator/referral fees, meeting administrative expenses
(except in limited circumstances). Loans are expected to be repaid in two years.
• Funding Mechanism: Loans
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: A local agency with housing construction authority, or a local non-
profit agency specializing in housing provision, could utilize these funds to build up site
elevations above projected flood levels, install sewer and water mains for future low income
housing development, or, possibly, to elevate existing low income areas being reconstructed
after a flood disaster.
Rural Self-Help Housing Technical Assistance (Section 523 Technical
Assistance)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Agriculture
• Purpose: This program is based upon requirements of the Federal Housing Act of 1949, as
amended. The purpose of the program is to provide financial support for programs of
technical and supervisory assistance that will aid very low and low-income individuals and
their families in carrying out mutual self-help housing efforts in rural areas.
• Eligibility: Applicants must be a State or political subdivision of a State, a public nonprofit
corporation or a private nonprofit corporation. The targeted beneficiaries are very low and
low-income rural families, usually in groups of 6 to 10 families.
• Criteria/Use: Not-for-profit organizations may use technical assistance funds to hire the
personnel to carry out a program of technical assistance for self-help housing in rural areas;
to pay necessary and reasonable office and administrative expenses; to purchase or rent
equipment such as power tools for use by families participating in self-help housing
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construction; and to pay fees for training self-help group members in construction
techniques or for other professional services needed. Funds will not be used to hire
personnel to perform any construction work, to buy real estate or building materials, or pay
any debts, expenses or costs other than previously outlined for participating families in self-
help projects.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This program is a good long-term funding source for a local low-
income housing construction program. The program could be operated solely by the local
government, or in partnership with another public (or private) entity. Getting low-income
individuals into safer and stronger housing is important to mitigation against natural hazards.
Rural Utilities Service Water and Waste Disposal Program (RUS)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Agriculture
• Purpose: Provides grants and loans to rural communities with fewer than 10,000 people for
wastewater, drinking water, solid waste, and storm drainage projects.
• Eligibility: Recipients must be public entities. These can include municipalities, counties,
special purpose districts, Indian tribes, and corporations not operated for profit, including
cooperatives. A new entity may be formed to provide the needed service if an appropriate
one does not already exist.
• Criteria/Use: Construct, repair, modify, expand, or otherwise improve water supply and
distribution systems and waste collection and treatment systems, including storm drainage
and solid waste disposal facilities. Certain other costs related to development of the facility
may also be covered. (2) Acquire needed land, water sources, and water rights. (3) Pay
costs such as legal and engineering fees when necessary to develop the facilities.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants and Loans
• Overall Funding Available: FY 2003: Direct Loans $797,567,000, Guaranteed Loans $
75,000,000, Grants $425,000,000
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Grants may be provided when necessary to reduce user costs to a
reasonable level. They may cover a maximum of 75 percent of eligible facility development
costs. Loan guarantees may be available for up to 90 percent of any eligible loss incurred by
the len
• Deadline: File requests any time of year at any rural development office in the county,
district or state.
• Applicability to Mitigation: Construction of new or improved facilities that are up to current
standards, wind strengths, etc. is mitigation.
Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program (Section 108 Loans)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
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• Purpose: HUD offers CDBG recipients guaranteed loan funds to acquire real property,
relocate homeowners and businesses, rehabilitate publicly owned real property (including
infrastructure), housing rehabilitation, and economic development.
• Eligibility: Metropolitan cities and urban counties (i.e. CDBG entitlement recipients
• Criteria/Use: Section 108 provides communities with a source of financing for economic
development, housing rehabilitation, public facilities, and large-scale physical development
projects.
• Funding Mechanism: Loans
• Overall Funding Available: Varies
• Funding Amount: Entitlement public entities. An entitlement public entity may apply for up to
five times the public entity's latest approved CDBG entitlement amount, minus any
outstanding Section 108 commitments and/or principal balances of Section 108 loans.
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Any of the following could be used for mitigation purposes:
acquisition of real property, rehabilitation of publicly owned real property, housing
rehabilitation eligible under CDBG, construction, reconstruction, or installation of public
facilities (including street, sidewalk, and other site improvements), related relocation,
clearance, and site improvements
Small Business Development Center (SBDC)
• Grantor Name: Small Business Administration
• Purpose: To provide management counseling, training, and technical assistance to the small
business community through Small Business Development Centers (SBDCs).
• Eligibility: The Small Business Administration (SBA) is authorized to make grants (including
contracts and cooperative agreements) to any public or private institution of higher
education, including but not limited to any land-grant college or university, any college or
school of business, engineering, commerce, or agriculture, community college or junior
college. SBA is also authorized to renew the funding of other entities currently funded as
SBDCs providing SBA affirmatively determines that such applicants have their own budget
and will primarily utilize institutions of higher education to provide the services to the small
business community. Beneficiaries of these programs are current and potential small
business persons.
• Criteria/Use: Funds are restricted to the purpose of assisting small businesses.
• Funding Mechanism: Project Grants and Cooperative Agreements
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: A small business which had been damaged by a disaster would
be eligible for participation in this program. In fact, it is part of the disaster aid package
typically offered to communities by the federal government.
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Small Watershed Program (PL-566 Operations Phase) (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Agriculture
• Purpose: The objective of this program is to provide technical and financial assistance in
carrying out works of improvement to protect, develop, and utilize the land and water
resources in small watersheds.
• Eligibility: Funding is available to any State agency, county or groups of counties,
municipality, town or township, soil and water conservation district, flood prevention or flood
control district, Indian tribe or tribal organization, or any other nonprofit agency with authority
under State law to carry out, maintain, and operate watershed works of improvement may
apply for assistance.
• Criteria/Use: Resource Conservation and Development (RCD) loans for measures or
projects needed to implement the RCD area plan to achieve objectives in an RCD area.
• Funding Mechanism: Loans and Advances
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Program funds may pay for up to 100% of flood prevention costs and
requires preparation of an approved watershed plan. Contact Agency for details.
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Protection of the watershed is a form of mitigation.
Snagging and Clearing for Flood Control (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Defense/United States Army/United States
Army Corps of Engineers
• Purpose: To reduce the potential for flood damage through the removal of debris and
vegetation from watercourses.
• Eligibility: States, political subdivisions of States or other responsible local agencies which
have been established under State law with full authority and ability to undertake necessary
legal and financial responsibilities.
• Criteria/Use: ACOE designs and performs the project. Each project selected must be
feasible from an engineering standpoint, complete within itself, and economically justifiable.
The non-federal sponsor must provide all lands, easements and rights-of-way; must provide
all project costs in excess of the Federal limit of $500,000; agree to maintain the project
after completion; hold and save the United States free from damages; provide a contribution
toward the costs of land enhancement or special benefits; and, agree to prevent future
encroachment of vegetation or structures upon the stream bed or floodway. Local cost
participation requirements and procedures for feasibility studies, cost-sharing and
determining the local share of project cost are similar to those for flood control projects
specifically authorized by Congress under regular authorization procedures.
• Funding Mechanism: Provision of Specialized Services
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Technically, no match is required. However, the local sponsor
generally shares the cost of the project and, in some cases, performs all or part of the actual
work.
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• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Any local government or public agency can serve as the local
sponsor for this type of project. However, the feasibility study phase for these projects is
often long and involved; including environmental impact studies, permitting and public
comment. Also, the project is likely to involve a fair amount of local expenditure, in terms of
time, expertise, equipment and personnel.
Solid Waste Management Grants (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Agriculture
• Purpose: Objectives are 1) Reduce or eliminate pollution of water resources in rural areas,
2) Improve planning and management of solid waste sites in rural areas. Solid Waste
Management Grants are made available from an amount which is usually stipulated by
Congress when it appropriates funds for Water Programs Grants.
• Eligibility: Private nonprofit organizations that have been granted tax exempt status by the
IRS and public bodies, including local government-based multi-jurisdictional organizations,
may be eligible for assistance. Applicants must have proven ability, background,
experience, legal authority, and actual capacity to provide the proposed services.
• Criteria/Use: Funds may be used to: (1) Evaluate landfill conditions to determine threats to
water resources. (2) Provide technical assistance and/or training to help communities
reduce the solid waste stream; enhance operator skills in operation and maintenance of
active landfills, or assist operators of landfills which are closed, or will be closed soon, with
the development and implementation of the plans for closing and future land use.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: FY 2003 - $3,500,000
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Preapplications must be filed between October 1 and December 31 of each fiscal
year.
• Applicability to Mitigation: Reducing the potential for pollution is a form of mitigation.
Special Agricultural Research Grants (None)
• Grantor Name: Sustainable Agriculture Network/National Agricultural Library
• Purpose: To carry out research in order to facilitate or expand promising breakthroughs in
the areas of food and agricultural sciences, which are of importance to the nation, and to
facilitate or expand on-going State-Federal food and agricultural research programs. The
program includes two types of Grants: Special Research Grants; and, Rangeland Research
Grants.
• Eligibility: Entities eligible to apply for Special Research Grants include: State agricultural
experiment stations, all colleges and universities, other research institutions and
organizations, Federal agencies, private organizations or corporations and individuals
having a demonstrable capacity to conduct research to facilitate or expand promising
breakthroughs in areas of the food and agricultural sciences which are of importance to the
United States. Entities eligible to apply for Rangeland Research Grants include: Land-grant
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colleges, universities, State agricultural experiment stations, colleges, universities and
Federal laboratories having a demonstrable capacity in rangeland research.
• Criteria/Use: Areas of basic and applied research are generally limited to high priority
problems of a regional or national scope. Areas recently awarded, on a competitive basis,
are Special Research Grants for Water Quality, Integrated Pest Management and General
Rangeland Research Grants.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This could be a good mitigation funding source for an agricultural
business, State agricultural extension service, university or local environmental agency
which is seeking to either conduct new agricultural research or to disseminate little-known
knowledge which might be valuable to agricultural interests. Such information could be
considered as mitigation for agricultural and/or economic disasters.
Special Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Services for the Aging
(Title III, Part F Grants)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Health and Human Services
• Purpose: To assist State Agencies on Aging and Area Agencies on Aging to carry out
programs with respect to disease prevention and health promotion for older individuals.
• Eligibility: All States and U.S. Territories which have State agencies on aging designated by
the State Governor are eligible to receive grants. Eligible program beneficiaries are
individuals age 60 and older, especially older individuals with the greatest social needs and
those with the greatest economic needs.
• Criteria/Use: Funds are awarded to States to develop or strengthen preventive health
service and health promotion systems through designated State Agencies on Aging and
Area Agencies on Aging. A State plan covering 2, 3, or 4 years, with annual revisions as
necessary, must be submitted to appropriate State agencies for approval. Funds are used to
design and implement programs for periodic preventive health services to be provided at
senior centers or alternative sites as appropriate. The preventive health services under this
Program may not include services eligible for reimbursement under Medicare.
• Funding Mechanism: Formula Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This program is administered through the State’s various Area
Agencies on Aging, along with other programs for the aging. As such it is not truly a
mitigation program. However, local governments should coordinate with Area Agencies on
Aging in order to determine what services could be provided within an emergency setting.
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Special Economic Development and Adjustment Assistance Program
(Sudden and Severe Economic Dislocation (SSED) and Long-Term
Economic Deterioration (LTED))
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Commerce
• Purpose: To assist States and local areas in developing and/or implementing strategies
designed to address structural economic adjustment problems resulting from sudden and
severe economic dislocation such as plant closings, military base closures and defense
contract cutbacks, as well as natural disasters (SSED), or from long-term economic
deterioration in an area’s economy (LTED).
• Eligibility: States, cities, counties, other political subdivisions of a state, consortia of such
entities; public/private non-profit organizations representing redevelopment areas
designated under the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965; Economic
Development Districts as established under Title IV of the Act; and Indian tribes
• Criteria/Use: LTED eligibility factors are: (1) very high unemployment; (2) low per capita
income; and, (3) chronic distress. The SSED eligibility factor is that economic dislocation
must exceed certain standard job loss thresholds for the target area. Grants may be for the
purpose of developing an economic adjustment strategy (Adjustment Strategy Grant), or to
implement a previously developed strategy (Adjustment Implementation Grant).
Implementation grants may also be made to fund construction of public facilities, new
business development and financing (including revolving loan programs), technical
assistance, job training, or any other activities aimed at addressing economic adjustment
problems.
• Funding Mechanism: Project Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is an excellent program, which has awarded a large number
of post-disaster redevelopment grants, covering a wide range of projects.
Special Nutrition Programs for the Aging (Title III, Part C Grants)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Health and Human Services
• Purpose: To provide grants to States to support nutrition services including nutritious meals,
nutrition education and other appropriate nutrition services for older Americans in order to
maintain health, independence and quality of life. Meals may be served in a congregate
setting or delivered to the home.
• Eligibility: All States and Territories may apply. Beneficiaries for this program are older
individuals aged 60 and over and their spouses, especially those older individuals with the
greatest social need or those with the greatest economic need, and in certain cases, under
age 60, if the individual is handicapped or disabled and resides with and accompanies an
older individual.
• Criteria/Use: Local projects must provide a hot or other appropriate meal which provides
one-third of the "recommended dietary allowance" (RDA), at least once per day, five or more
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days per week, except in rural areas where a lesser frequency may be determined feasible,
to eligible people aged 60 and over and their spouses.
• Funding Mechanism: Formula grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: It is possible that a local agency, in partnership with the
appropriate State agency, could use these funds to develop a mass feeding program for
older residents in the event of a large-scale emergency. To be most effective, the funds
would need to be applied for and received prior to the actual emergency event. Otherwise,
and also through a State partnership, a local government could use the funds to establish an
elderly nutrition program.
State Disaster Preparedness Grants (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency
• Purpose: To assist States in developing and improving State and local plans, programs, and
capabilities for disaster preparedness and prevention.
• Eligibility: All States are eligible (including the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin
Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Commonwealth
of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia. Requests must be
in writing from the Governor or his authorized representative. All of the above-referenced
entities are also beneficiaries of the program.
• Criteria/Use: These "improvement grants" may apply to such preparedness programs and
capabilities as: (1) planning for disaster response in general, for specific natural disaster
contingencies in special locales, for local and area mutual emergency support under State
sponsorship, for long-range recovery, and for disaster mitigation and hazard reduction; (2)
revision, as necessary, of State legislation, implementing orders, regulations, and other
authorities and assignments relevant to disaster preparedness and assistance; (3) disaster-
related mutual aid compacts and agreements; (4) the conduct of vulnerability analyses not
otherwise available but necessary for the development of State and local disaster
preparedness plans and programs; (5) the design of disaster-related emergency systems;
(6) training and exercises; (7) program reviews and post-disaster critiques; and (8) public
information and education programs. Grant funds may not be used to procure or repair
equipment, materials, or facilities except as required for grant administration.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: 50%
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This program does not provide any form of direct mitigation
funding to local governments. However, it benefits them indirectly, in that State disaster
planning, training and advisory programs are funded, in part, from this program.
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State Identification Systems Grant Program (SIS)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Justice
• Purpose: This program provides Federal assistance to States to establish, develop, update,
or upgrade: 1) computerized identification systems that are compatible and integrated with
the database of the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) at the FBI; 2) the capability to
analyze deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in a forensic laboratory in ways that are compatible
with the Combined DNA Identification Systems (CODIS) of the FBI; and 3) automated
fingerprint identification systems that are compatible and integrated with the Integrated
Automation Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) of the FBI.
• Eligibility: States, which can then identify subrecipients. State shall require that each person
convicted of a sexual felony must provide, to appropriate State law enforcement officials, a
sample of blood, saliva, or other specimen necessary to conduct a DNA analysis consistent
with the standards established for DNA testing by the FBI Director.
• Criteria/Use: In general, expenditures for this grant program may include equipment,
supplies, training, contractor-provided services to address backlog or program
implementation issues, State and local personnel expenses, and other expenses deemed
reasonable and necessary for a qualifying project. The Federal share of funds may cover
100% of the total cost of the project described in the application. States may use grant funds
in conjunction with local government agencies or other States in any combination. States
receiving funding under the SIS grant program however, are not required to pass through
funding to local agencies. Additionally, a State may enter into compacts with other States to
implement the grant programs.
• Funding Mechanism: Formula grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Local law enforcement agencies should contact the Office of
Justice Programs, or the Florida Department of Law Enforcement for information regarding
this program. An improved identification system would serve as a mitigation tool for civil
disturbances, crime and/or terrorism.
State Park Additions (None)
• Grantor Name: Florida Department of Environmental Protection
• Purpose: To acquire endangered environmental, historical and/or archaeological lands for
State Parks.
• Eligibility: The Division of Recreation and Parks, Florida Department of Environmental
Protection (FDEP), annually reserves funds for the purchase of lands to be added to existing
State Parks and State Recreation Facilities. The ultimate sources for these funds include
the State’s Conservation and Recreation Lands Program, Preservation 2000, and other
sources. The Division has authority to negotiate land purchase agreements with single or
multiple parties.
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• Criteria/Use: The program operates primarily through the purchase of land from “willing
sellers”. However, land acquired through other land acquisition programs may be added to
the State Park System.
• Funding Mechanism: Purchases, purchase agreements, donations, condemnation,
purchase of development rights, conservation easements, etc.
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Because of its emphasis on preservation, conservation and
environmental protection, this program is often overlooked as a potential funding source for
disaster mitigation. Also, these funds are not directly available to local governments, unless,
of course, the local agency is the land. However, in Florida, lands which are
environmentally endangered, such as wetlands, coastal areas and riverine areas, are often
also lands subject to flooding, tidal surge, frequent fires and other natural hazards. Removal
of these properties from the threat of development is thus a form of disaster mitigation.
Superfund Technical Assistance Grants for Citizen Groups at Priority Sites
(TAG)
• Grantor Name: United States Environmental Protection Agency
• Purpose: To provide resources under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, Section 117(e) to enable community
groups to hire technical advisors to assist them in interpreting technical information
concerning the assessment of potential hazards and the selection and design of appropriate
remedies at sites eligible for cleanup under the Superfund program.
• Eligibility: Any qualified group of individuals which may be affected by a release or
threatened release at any Superfund facility. "Affected" individuals are those who can
demonstrate direct effects from the site, such as actual or potential health effects or
economic injury. The recipient group must incorporate to receive funds.
• Criteria/Use: There are specific criteria regarding the activities for which these Federal funds
may be used: (a) Federal funds may be used at sites listed or proposed for listing on the
National Priorities List (NPL) where cleanup is underway for the purpose of obtaining
technical assistance in interpreting information with regard to the nature of the hazard,
performing the remedial investigation and feasibility study, record of decision, selection and
construction of remedial action, operation and maintenance, or removal action.
• Funding Mechanism: Technical assistance and grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: Contact Agency
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: A local government environmental agency could conceivably
serve as the “consulting firm” for helping a community group perform the required site
assessment. If the “consulting” position was one with which the local agency was not
comfortable, the local agency could make interested citizens aware of this program and
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guide them through the application process; leaving the citizen group to hire its own
consultant. In either case, this is a good mitigation funding source for contaminated site
cleanup.This program will benefit groups of individuals affected by Superfund hazardous
waste sites. This may include homeowners, land/property owners, as well as any other
individuals in the general public who live near a site or are otherwise affected by it.
Surplus Property Utilization (Federal Property Assistance Program)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Health and Human Services
• Purpose: To convey or lease all surplus Federal real properties which are needed and
usable by eligible healthcare organizations and institutions.
• Eligibility: States governments, their political subdivisions and instrumentalities; tax-
supported public health institutions, and nonprofit institutions which (except for institutions
which lease property to assist the homeless under Title V of Public Law 100-77) have been
held exempt from taxation under Section 501 (c) (3) of the 1986 Internal Revenue Code.
Beneficiaries can include anyone attending, working with or for, or served by the eligible
applicants. Examples of potentially eligible programs are hospitals, public health clinics,
water and sewer systems, institutions for the rehabilitation of the mentally or physically
handicapped, health research institutions, homeless assistance facilities, and other
institutions which operate basic health programs.
• Criteria/Use: Real property must be used for eligible health purposes including research. It
may consist of land, with or without buildings and other improvements, or buildings only. A
discount of up to 100 percent, based on the proposed-use, is granted. This discount, applied
against the fair value of the property, is earned by the approved use over a prescribed
period of 30 years for land, with or without improvements, and a lesser time for leased
facilities and improvements which are sold without land. Discount of less than 100 percent
requires payment of the difference in cash at the time of conveyance. Property must be
used for the purpose for which conveyed, and may not be sold, leased, mortgaged, or
encumbered without consent of the Department.
• Funding Mechanism: Sale, Exchange, or Donation of Property and Goods.
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: The main limitation of this program for local governments is that
HHS property must be located within or reasonably close to the local jurisdiction in order for
the program to be useful. Otherwise, this program represents an excellent way for local
agencies to acquire (at little or no out-of-pocket expense) public facilities sites.
Technical Assistance and Training Grants (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Agriculture
• Purpose: Identify and evaluate solutions to water and/or waste related problems of
associations in rural areas. (2) Assist entities with preparation of applications for Water and
Waste Disposal loans and grants. (3) Provide training to association personnel in order to
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improve the management, operation and maintenance of water and/or waste disposal
facilities. (4) Pay expenses related to providing the technical assistance and/or training.
• Eligibility: Private nonprofit organizations may receive grants. They must have tax exempt
status granted by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Applicants must have the proven
ability, background, experience, legal authority, and actual capacity to provide technical
assistance and/or training to associations.
• Criteria/Use: Technical Assistance and Training Grants are made available from at least one
percent and not more than three percent of the funds appropriated for Water and Waste
Disposal Grants.
• Funding Mechanism: Assistance and Grants
• Overall Funding Available: FY 2003 - $18,213,835
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Preapplications must be filed between October 1 and December 31 of each fiscal
year.
• Applicability to Mitigation: Construction of new or improved facilities that are up to current
standards, wind strengths, etc. is mitigation.
Technology Opportunities Program (TOP)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Commerce/National Telecommunications and
Information Administration
• Purpose: To demonstrate how digital networks support lifelong learning for all Americans,
help public safety officials protect the public, assist in the delivery of health care and public
health services, and foster communication, resource-sharing, and economic development
within rural and urban communities.
• Eligibility: State, local and tribal governments, health care providers, schools, libraries, police
departments, and community-based non-profit organizations.
• Criteria/Use: TOP projects are demonstrations of how digital network technologies can be
used to extend and improve the delivery of valuable services and opportunities to all
Americans. By serving as models that can be replicated in similar communities across the
country, TOP projects extend their benefits far beyond the communities in which they take
place, and provide economic and social benefits to the nation as a whole.
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: $12.9 million
• Funding Amount: $700,000.00
• Match Requirements: 1:1
• Deadline: April each year
• Applicability to Mitigation: A project help public safety officials protect the public could result
in mitigation.
Unemployment Compensation (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Labor
• Purpose: To administer a program of unemployment insurance for eligible workers through
Federal and State cooperation; to administer payment of trade adjustment assistance; to
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administer disaster unemployment assistance; to provide unemployment compensation for
Federal employees and military veterans.
• Eligibility: Eligible agencies include all State unemployment insurance agencies, (including
agencies in the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands). Eligible
beneficiaries are all workers whose wages are subject to State unemployment insurance
laws, Federal civilian employees, and ex-employees of the military services. The program
also provides trade readjustment allowances for workers who become unemployed as a
result of product imports, and assistance to workers whose unemployment is caused by a
Presidentially declared disaster (under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act). Workers are eligible if they are involuntarily unemployed, able
to work, available for work, meet the eligibility and qualifying requirements of the State law,
and are free from disqualifications. Individual State information and eligibility requirements
are available from local employment offices.
• Criteria/Use: The States have direct responsibility for establishing and operating their own
unemployment insurance programs, while the Federal Government finances the cost of
administration.
• Funding Mechanism: Formula Grants; Direct Payments with Unrestricted Use
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Of importance for mitigation purposes is the Disaster
Unemployment Assistance Program, administered by the Department of Labor from funds
allocated by FEMA. Unfortunately, this funding would only be available after a disaster, and
could not be used by a local government to build up the employment base of a community
before a disaster struck. However, the monies would conceivably be available after an
economic disaster; such as a massive crop failure or the closure of a major employer.
Volunteer Fire Assistance Grants (VFAG)
• Grantor Name: Florida Division of Forestry/Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer
Services
• Purpose: To provide federal financial, technical, and other assistance to State Foresters to
organize, train, and equip fire departments in rural areas and rural communities to prevent
and suppress fires.
• Eligibility: A single fire department serving a rural area or a rural community with a
population of 10,000 or less, area fire departments (fire districts, townships, etc.) may serve
an aggregate population of greater than 10,000 as long as the service area of the fire
department includes a rural area or a rural community having a population of 10,000 or less,
a single county or town with a population over 10,000 which is served by two or more fire
districts operating entirely within the bounds of the county or town, a single community with
a population greater than 10,000 and having a single fire department with one or more fire
stations may qualify, or a single community fire department serving a population greater
than 10,000 and not providing protection to a rural area or to a rural community is not
eligible for VFA financial assistance.
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 November 20, 2024
• Criteria/Use: A rural community is defined as having 10,000 or less population, or as defined
below. This 10,000-population limit for participation in the VFA Program facilitates
distribution of available VFA funds to the most needy fire departments. Preference will be
given to VFA Grant applications for the purchase of wildland personal protective gear,
communications equipment, water handling equipment, and training. The purchase of
vehicles and high value equipment will not be funded due to the limited amount of funds
available. Purchases made before the date of the VFA application are not eligible for
reimbursement. Proof of Purchase forms and invoices must be dated after the date of the
VFA application
• Funding Mechanism: Grants and technical assistance
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: 50%
• Deadline: April each year
• Applicability to Mitigation: Having properly trained and resourced firefighters is a form of
mitigation.
Volunteer Florida Disaster Mitigation Projects (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency and Florida Department of Community Affairs/Division of Emergency
Management
• Purpose: To support community based projects to prevent a disaster or to minimize the
impact of the disaster on people, property and the environment
• Eligibility: Local non-profit/501(c)3
• Criteria/Use: None provided
• Funding Mechanism: Grants
• Overall Funding Available: $70,000.00
• Funding Amount: $5,000.00
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: March
• Applicability to Mitigation: Installation of smoke alarms, safe room demo, clean storm drains,
perform stream restoration, conduct wildfire risk assessment, install storm shutters, remove
threatening trees,
Water Pollution Control (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Environmental Protection Agency
• Purpose: To assist States (including territories, the District of Columbia, and qualified Indian
tribes, and interstate agencies in establishing and maintaining adequate measures for
prevention and control of surface and ground water pollution.
• Eligibility: Potential applicants include State and interstate water pollution control agencies,
as defined in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, and Indian Tribes qualified under
Section 519(e) of the Act. Agencies making application for funds must annually submit their
pollution-control program to the appropriate EPA Regional Administrator for approval.
Requirements of the program are based on Section 106 of the Act, and 40 CFR Parts 35
Page 4355 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 November 20, 2024
and 30. Eligible beneficiaries include State and interstate water pollution control agencies
and Indian Tribes qualified under Section 518(e) of the Clean Water Act (CWA).
• Criteria/Use: The program is intended to provide broad support for the prevention and
abatement of surface and ground water pollution from point and nonpoint sources including
water quality planning, monitoring, setting of water quality standards, assessments,
permitting, pollution control studies, planning, surveillance and enforcement; advice and
assistance to local agencies; training; and public information. Funds cannot be used for
construction, operation, or maintenance of waste treatment plants, nor can they be used for
costs financed by other Federal grants.
• Funding Mechanism: Formula grants
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is a good grant program for use in mitigating existing or
potential water pollution control problems. However, the restriction against utilizing the
program to correct problems regarding water/wastewater treatment plants may limit its
usefulness to small local governments.
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Environmental Protection Agency
• Purpose: To support creation of new and unique approaches to enhancing State capabilities
in water quality.
• Eligibility: State water pollution control agencies, interstate water resource agencies, local
governments, Indian tribes, non-profit institutions, organizations and individuals.
• Criteria/Use: Grants are for the purpose of aiding appropriate agencies in meeting water
quality goals for stormwater treatment, combined sewer outflows, sludge disposal, and
potable water treatment, and for enhancing State capabilities in these areas.
• Funding Mechanism: Loans
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Loan funds might be applicable for the purpose of restoring, or
even upgrading, a treatment facility damaged by a natural disaster.
Watercourse Navigation Maintenance (Emergency Dredging Projects)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Defense/United States Army/United States
Army Corps of Engineers
• Purpose: To restore channels for purposes of navigation and/or flood control.
• Eligibility: States, political subdivisions of States or other responsible local agencies which
have been established under State law with full authority and ability to undertake necessary
legal and financial responsibilities.
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 November 20, 2024
• Criteria/Use: Each project selected must be feasible from an engineering standpoint,
complete within itself, and economically justifiable. Work pursuant to this program is
undertaken as an emergency measure to clear or remove obstructions to navigation in
navigable portions of rivers, harbors, and other waterways of the United States, or tributaries
thereof, in order to provide existing traffic with immediate and significant benefit. The non-
federal interest (the local sponsor) involved must provide all lands, easements and rights-of-
way necessary for completion of the project and must bear the costs of necessary annual
maintenance until and unless such time as the location may become a part of a specifically
authorized annual or periodic project. Local cost participation requirements and procedures
for determining the local share of project costs are similar to those for navigation or flood
control projects specifically authorized by Congress under regular authorization procedures.
Annual expenditures under this program are limited to $1,000,000 per project.
• Funding Mechanism: Provision of Specialized Services
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: Any governmental entity with jurisdiction over a natural or artificial
waterway is eligible to serve as a local sponsor for Corps of Engineers’ activities performed
under this program. Certain floodplain management activities, such as removal of debris,
dredging of shoals or sediment dams, and flowway maintenance are eligible activities under
this program
Watershed Surveys and Planning (None)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Agriculture/Natural Resources Conservation
Service
• Purpose: To provide planning assistance to Federal, State, and local agencies for the
development of coordinated water resource (and related land resource) programs within
watersheds or river basins. Funding priority is given to proposed studies which: (1)
Contribute to achieving the National Conservation Program high priority objectives; (2) Have
a high likelihood of implementation; (3) Can be implemented with little or no direct federal
assistance; (4) Have the assistance of other State and/or local agencies in the Study; (5)
Are of 2 to 4 years expected duration; and (6) Are considered low cost. Special priority is
given to freshwater flooding problems, agricultural nonpoint source water quality
improvements, wetland preservation, and drought management in rural/agricultural
communities. Special emphasis has been given to communities desiring to develop
floodplain regulations to meet requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP), and State agencies involved in the development of a strategic water resource plan.
• Eligibility: Applicants can include any local or State water resource agency, federal land and
water resource agencies, counties, municipalities, towns, townships, soil and water
conservation districts, flood prevention/control districts, Indian tribes, tribal organizations,
non-profit organizations. Federal participation is a cooperative effort with the applicant.
State and local agencies are expected to participate in the Studies and fund their own
activities.
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 November 20, 2024
• Criteria/Use: Technical assistance is provided in planning activities to help solve water, and
related land, resource problems. Federal technical assistance can include, but is not limited
to, engineering, economics, social sciences, agronomy, range management, forestry,
biology, hydrology, archaeology, landscape architecture, waste management, and
recreation.
• Funding Mechanism: Provision of Specialized Services; Advisory Services and Counseling.
• Overall Funding Available: Contact Agency
• Funding Amount: Contact Agency
• Match Requirements: None
• Deadline: Contact Agency
• Applicability to Mitigation: This is an excellent technical assistance program to aid local
governments, and other governmental agencies in the development of floodplain
regulations.
Wind and Water Technical Assistance Program (WAWTAP)
• Grantor Name: United States Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
Management Agency
• Purpose: To provide technical support to state/local communities, FEMA Regional and
Headquarters Mitigation staff in support of mitigation initiatives; technical support necessary
to mitigate against potential loss of lives and minimize the amount of damage as a result of
a natural disaster
• Eligibility: Provide assistance in support of hurricane and flood programs; designed to
enhance the state/local communities' ability to become more resistant to hazards related to
flooding and hurricanes
• Criteria/Use: All states and US territories that participate in the Hurricane and/or Flood
Programs
• Funding Mechanism: Technical assistance
• Applicability to Mitigation: Provide assistance in support of hurricane and flood programs;
designed to enhance the state/local communities' ability to become more resistant to
hazards related to flooding and hurricanes
Page 4358 of 5277
E
ANNEX E: Prioritized
Listing of Mitigation
Action Items
Page 4359 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
ANNEX E
Prioritized Listing of Mitigation Action Items
Mitigation actions, projects, and initiatives outlined in the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) primarily
focus on addressing vulnerabilities in existing buildings, infrastructure, and the natural
environment. However, new buildings and infrastructure are incorporated into the LMS in two key
ways:
1. Compliance with the Florida Building Code: Collier County rigorously enforces the
Florida Building Code for all new construction. This code, developed based on lessons
learned from Hurricane Andrew, ensures that new structures are built to high standards of
resilience and safety.
2. Development Review for Mitigation Opportunities: The Emergency Management
Department conducts thorough reviews of all Developments of Regional Impact (DRIs)
and Planned Unit Developments (PUDs). This process identifies mitigation initiatives to
address and reduce potential impacts these developments may have on the community’s
emergency preparedness and overall resilience.
Process for Inclusion of Mitigation Action Items in the LMS Listing
The inclusion of mitigation action items in the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) project priority
listing follows a structured and transparent process:
1. Initiation of a Mitigation Proposal
o A Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMSWG) member may propose a
mitigation initiative to a "responsible agency" for grant application. Alternatively, a
"responsible agency" may directly submit a Mitigation Initiative Evaluation Score
Sheet (Annex H) to the LMSWG for consideration at a working group meeting.
o Note: The Mitigation Initiative Evaluation Score Sheet (Annex H) serves as a
critical evaluation tool. It ensures alignment with the LMS goals and objectives
(Section 3), provides an assessment of the project's community impact and
value, and includes a basic benefit-cost analysis (BCA) for the applicant to
complete.
2. Applicant Presentation
o The "responsible agency" (hereafter referred to as the applicant) presents the
proposed mitigation initiative to the LMSWG during a regular or special meeting.
3. Discussion and Evaluation
o LMSWG members engage in discussions, ask clarifying questions, and may
challenge the scores or comments on the Mitigation Initiative Evaluation Score
Sheet (Annex H).
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
4. Scoring and Voting
o Once all questions are addressed and scores are finalized, LMSWG members
vote on the initiative. A simple majority vote is required for approval.
o The Chair finalizes the scoring process, applying the weighting factors outlined in
Section 4 (Procedures for Prioritizing Hazard Mitigation Initiatives), and
incorporates the new action item into the project priority listing based on its final
weighted score.
5. Special Circumstance for Time-Sensitive Applications
o If an eligible entity identifies a grant opportunity for a mitigation initiative not yet
listed on the Prioritized Listing of Mitigation Action Items (Annex E) and the next
LMSWG meeting would delay the application process, the following expedited
procedure applies:
The applicant submits a completed Annex H score sheet to the
Emergency Management Department.
Emergency Management forwards the score sheet to the Chair, who
electronically distributes it to LMSWG voting members along with an
explanation of the time-sensitive nature of the application.
Voting members have two business days to vote on the initiative. A
majority vote, with at least three members in agreement, determines its
status.
A record of this expedited process is included in the minutes of the next
scheduled meeting.
6. Special Rule for Unquantifiable Initiatives
o For initiatives that cannot be quantified, refer to Section 4, Paragraph 4.1.4 for
guidance.
7. Floodplain Management Initiatives
o Annex I (Collier County Floodplain Plans) addresses the minimum actions
required for compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
o Communities participating in the Community Rating System (CRS) with
floodplain management plans document their activities that exceed NFIP
requirements in their respective plans.
o For CRS communities that are not required to have floodplain management plans
and choose not to develop one, this section serves as the repository for their
floodplain-related initiatives.
Important Note:
Approval through this process only adds the project to the Collier County project priority listing.
The applicant is still responsible for completing the appropriate project application, including the
full FEMA Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA), for grant consideration.
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
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Page 4362 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
ANNEX E
COLLIER COUNTY LOCAL MITIGATION ACTION ITEMS
PRIORITY LISTING
(Effective December 18, 2024)
1. Hazard: The hazard listed was the main hazard the responsible office considered when developing this initiative. However,
that does not mean that the mitigation initiative only reduces the effects from only the disaster indicated. Projects which indicate
“dangerous winds” as the hazard specifically will mitigate against the severe storm, tornado and tropical cyclone wind hazards.
Likewise, flooding, coastal storms and tropical cyclone surge are all related in that mitigation projects which address flooding
address these specific hazards.
2. New or Existing Buildings or Infrastructure: Does the project address reducing the effects of the hazard on new or existing
buildings and/or infrastructure.
3. Beneficiary: Who benefits by the project? CW=Countywide (includes Collier County Public Schools)
4. FUNDING: Grant Abbreviations: (see also: http://floridadisaster.org/mitigation/)
• FMAP = Flood mitigation Assistance Program (offered annually)
• RCMP = Residential Construction Mitigation Program (offered annually)
• PDM = Pre-Disaster Mitigation (offered annually)
• HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (offered after Presidential Disaster Declaration)
• CDBG = Community Development Block Grant
5. Office Responsible:
• CC=Collier County,
• PUD=Public Utilities Department,
• ATM=Alternative Transportation Modes,
• P & R=Parks & Recreation,
• PSD =Public Services Department,
• SFWMD/BCB=South Florida Water Management District/Big Cypress Basin,
• GMD=Growth Management Department,
• LCEC=Lee County Electric Cooperative,
• CCPS = Collier County Public Schools,
• NAA=Naples Airport Authority
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
6. Timeframe (to be Implemented) - Status: If grant monies and corresponding match monies available, timeframe is either
less than (<) a year or more than (>) a year to implement project.
• NS=Not Submitted,
• IP-NS=In Progress-Not Submitted,
• FDEM-UR=FDEM Under Review,
• IE=Ineligible,
• FEMA-UR=FEMA Under Review,
• AWD=Awarded,
• WIP=Work in Progress,
• Complete=Project Complete,
• Remove=Remove,
• Withdrawn=Project Withdrawn Voluntarily from FEMA/FDEM but remain on the PPL for Future Consideration.
NOTE: Projects marked for removal or completion will remain on the list for historical record but will be moved to the bottom of the list.
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
2 25437.5
Marco Island/Collier Co.
Watermain Interconnect
| Mainsail Dr,
Naples34114 | MARCO
ISLAND/COLLIER COUNTY
This water supply
interconnect between
the City and County
water systems will
provide redundancy in a
disaster situation for
community water and
fire suppression. Goal.3
All Existing Marco Isl &
E. Naples $200.0K HMGP/PD
M
City of
Marco
Island-Fire
Department/
Emergency
Managemen
t
(Consolidate
d)
Chris Byrne
cbyrne@cityofmar
coisland.com 239-
206-0318
16-Dec-24 >1Year|FDEM-
UR
Page 4364 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
3 14840.48398
NCFR, Wind Retrofit
(Window & Door
Replacements), Fire
Station 44: 8970
Hammock Oak Drive,
Naples, FL 34108
Fire Station 45: 1885
Veterans Park Drive,
Naples, FL 34109
Fire Station 46: 3410 Pine
Ridge Rd, Naples FL
34105
Wind Retrofit (Window
& Door Replacements),
Fire Station 44, 45 & 46
Goal 1 (Obj. 1.1 & 1.2),
Goal 3 (Obj. 3.1 & 3.3)
Wind Existing
Collier
County (All
Jurisdiction
s)
$697,005 HMGP
North Collier
Fire-
Logistics/Fin
ance
Kris Thomas,
kthomas@northco
llierfire.com, 552-
1369
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Applicable | NS
4 5647.27
Wind Retrofit - Greater
Naples Fire District
Stations (GNFD) 20, 22,
71, 72, 73, 90 | COLLIER
COUNTY
Harden Bay Doors for
building envelope
integrity. Current doors
are not at highest code
standards. | Goals 3.1,
3.3, 3.4, 3.6
Damaging
Winds Existing
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$4.6M HMGP
Greater
Naples Fire
District-
Logistics
Chris Wolfe |
cwolfe@gnfire.org
| 239-229-9991
16-Dec-24
>1Year|AWD-
Waiting on SA
from FDEM
5 4789.88
Naples Manor North
Area Flood Mitigation |
COLLIER COUNTY
Complete Nap. Manor
North Canal
improvements by
rechannelization of
existing canal. Goal 1
Flood Existing E. Naples $600.0K CDBG
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24 >1Year|AWD
Page 4365 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
6 3290.09
Water Storage
Redundancy Project |
Port of the Isles
Community
Improvement District
(POI CID) | 25005
Peacock Lane, Naples, FL
34114
Water Backup Storage
for POI CID Water Plant
| Goal 1.1, 1.2
All New
Unincorpor
ated Collier
County
$1.1M HMGP
POI CID -
Board of
Supervisors
Dan Truckey, Vice
Chair |
dtruckey@poicid.c
om | 920-737-
1345
16-Dec-24 >1Year|FDEM-
UR
7 2783.03
Port of The Islands Canal
Irrigation Pump Station
Mitigation | 25005
Peacock Lane, Naples, FL
34114
To eliminate the
potential loss of water
service to over 7000
residents during
hurricane and storm
events, the Port of The
Islands Canal Irrigation
Pump Station will be
hardened against future
events. 25005 Peacock
Lane Naples, Florida
34114 Objective 1:1,
Objective 1.2
Flood,
Wind,
Hurricane
Existing Port of the
Islands $500,000 HMGP
POI CID -
Board of
Supervisors
Dan Truckey, Vice
Chair |
dtruckey@poicid.c
om | 920-737-
1345
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
Page 4366 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
8 2642.7
Flood Mitigation of
Madison Ave Area in
Immokalee.| COLLIER
COUNTY
Improvement of
roadside
ditches/swales,
repair/upgrading of
non-functioning
driveway culverts,
addition of cross-
drainage structures, &
construction of
stormwater treatment
facs. Goal 1
Flood Existing Immokalee $1.0M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
9 2256.01
Essential Facility
Retrofit| Expanded 1st
Responder Shelter |
South Regional Library,
8065 Lely Cultural PKWY,
Naples, FL 34113 | Collier
County
Install est. 500KW
generator at South
Regional Library. Goal
3.4
All Existing Collier
County $550K HMGP/BR
IC
Collier Public
Services
Department-
Libraries
Collier County
Public Services |
jeffrey.weir@colli
ercountyfl.gov |
239-252-5509
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
10 1816.34
Naples City Hall Wind
Protection | 735 8th St.
S. Naples 34102 | CITY
OF NAPLES
Wind retrofit non-
structural exterior glass
window and metal
frame replacement with
higher impact glass to
meet code…Goal 3, objs
3.1,3.2,3.3
Dangerous
Winds Existing Naples $776.0K HMGP
City of
Naples-
Utilities
Department
mflores@naplesgo
v.com | 239-213-
5004
16-Dec-24 > 1Year|IP-NS
Page 4367 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
11 1677.37
Upper Gordon River
north of GG Pkwy to Pine
Ridge Rd Dvmt | COLLIER
COUNTY
Includes improvements
to the existing
conveyance channel
known as the Upper
Gordon River. Goal 1
Flooding Existing N. Naples $2.0M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
12 1599.64
Mobile Generators | POI
CID | 25005 Peacock
Lane, Naples, FL 34114
6 x Mobile Generators
for POI CID Pump
Stations | Goal 1.1, 1.2
All New
Unincorpor
ated Collier
County
≈$280K HMGP
POI CID -
Board of
Supervisors
Dan Truckey, Vice
Chair |
dtruckey@poicid.c
om | 920-737-
1345
16-Dec-24 >1Year|FDEM-
UR
13 1501.37
Immokalee-Eden Garden
Bypass | COLLIER
COUNTY
Construct new ditch
along northern
boundary and Install
24’’ pipe under
Boxwood Drive to tie
into. Goal 1
Flooding Existing Immokalee $600,000
CDBG DR
& MIT,
HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
14 1444.62 Old Lely Area | COLLIER
COUNTY
Old Lely Backbone
Stormwater
Management System
Improvements. Goal 1
Flooding Existing E. Naples $2.0M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
15 1413.75
West side of Goodlette
Rd from GG Pkwy north
to Pine Ridge Rd |
COLLIER COUNTY
Improving the capacity
for flow of an existing
ditch located on the
west side of Goodlette
Road. Goal 1
Flooding Existing N. Naples $1.0M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
Page 4368 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
16 1324.74 Allen Avenue |
EVERGLADES CITY
Allen Avenue Drainage
Improvement Flooding Existing Everglades
City $600.0K HMGP
Everglades
City-Public
Works
Department
Chris Wolfe |
cwolfe@gnfire.org
| 239-229-9991
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
17 956.87
Rock Rd./Cypress Canal
Area Flood Mitigation |
COLLIER COUNTY
Elevating the roads,
improvement of
roadside ditches,
addition of cross-
drainage culverts, &
Stormwater treatment
outfalls. Goal 1
Flooding Existing GG Estates $1.2M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
18 894.03
Water Utility
Hardening/Elevation
Project | POI CID | 25005
Peacock Lane, Naples, FL
34114
Elevate 1.9 mile road,
harden 6 inch water
main, elevate 3 well
heads and electrical out
of SFHA | Goal 3.1
Flood &
Wind New
Unincorpor
ated Collier
County
≈$3.8M HMGP
POI CID -
Board of
Supervisors
Dan Truckey, Vice
Chair |
dtruckey@poicid.c
om | 920-737-
1345
16-Dec-24 >1Year|FDEM-
UR
19 877.5 Lake Trafford Slough |
COLLIER COUNTY
Lake Trafford
Immokalee Slough
Capacity Improvements.
Goal 1
Flooding Existing Immokalee
Area $1.0M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
20 859.89 Griffin Road Area |
COLLIER COUNTY
Griffin Road Area
Stormwater
Management
Improvements. Goal 1
Flooding Existing E. Naples
Area $1.5M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
Page 4369 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
21 778.64
Immokalee-North 3rd
Street Drainage |
Immokalee
Roadside Swales.
Installation of inlets on
3rd Street, Construct
storm drainpipe system
to alleviate ponding and
allow conveyance
southward to storm
drain system on West
Main Street.
Flooding Existing Immokalee $600,000
CDBG DR
& MIT,
HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
22 682.916
Naples Fire Sta 2 | 977
26th Avenue North |
CITY OF NAPLES
Apparatus Bay
renovation and facility
hardening. Goal 1
All Existing Naples $450K HMGP
City of
Naples-
Utilities
Department
mflores@naplesgo
v.com | 239-213-
5004
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
23 552.46
Naples Park Area Flood
Mitigation | COLLIER
COUNTY
Improvement to
existing roadside
swales, driveways, &
installation of
stormwater outfall
treatment system. Goal
1
Flood Existing N. Naples
$14.0M
total, in 7
phases
HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
24 527.78
Auto Ranch Road Area
Flood Mitigation |
COLLIER COUNTY
Improvement of
roadside ditches,
elevation of roads,
addition of cross-
drainage culverts, and
stormwater treatment
outfalls. Goal 1
Flood Existing E. Collier
County $500K HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
Page 4370 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
25 526.76 Pine 5idge Estates |
COLLIER COUNTY
Stormwater
Management
Improvements. Goal 1
Flooding Existing E. Collier
County $5.5M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
26 520.37
Big Corkscrew Isl.
Regional Park | COLLIER
COUNTY
Generators for facilities,
wind- hardening Goal 3. All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$1,200.0K HMGP
Collier Public
Services
Department-
Parks &
Recreation
Collier County
Public Services |
jeffrey.weir@colli
ercountyfl.gov |
239-252-5509
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
27 501.43
Approx. 200’ south of the
Goodlette Rd/GG Pkwy
intersection | COLLIER
COUNTY
Construction of a new
piped stormwater
outfall conveying flow
south from the existing
ditch along the west
side of Goodlette Rd.,
adjacent to the Naples
High School. Goal 1
Flooding Existing Naples area $4.0M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
28 476.25 Desoto Blvd Area, GGE |
COLLIER COUNTY
Swale reconstruction.
Goal 1 Flooding Existing Golden
Gate $2.6M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
Page 4371 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
29 463.68
Essential Facility Retrofit
| City of Marco Island
Annex Bldg | 1310 San
Marco RD 34145 | City of
Marco Island
Replace existing
windows/doors with
impact-rated products.
Dry-floodproofing at
points of entry to BFE +
4, improved roofing,
and backup
power/generator. GO
3.1, 3.3
All Existing
City of
Marco
Island
≈$446K
HMGP
(DR-4486
COVID)
City of
Marco
Island-Fire
Department/
Emergency
Managemen
t
(Consolidate
d)
Chris Byrne
cbyrne@cityofmar
coisland.com 239-
206-0318
16-Dec-24 >1Year|AWD
30 428.62 Lake Trafford Rd |
COLLIER COUNTY
Lake Trafford Road
Stormwater
Management
Improvements. Goal 1
Flooding Existing Immokalee
Area $2.0M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
31 412.75 Logan Blvd Area |
COLLIER COUNTY
Stormwater
Improvements. Goal 1 Flood Existing
W. Golden
Gate
Estates
$4.5M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
Beth
Johnssen@collierc
ountyfl.gov | 239-
252-1456
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
32 412.75 Old Lely Utility Renewal |
COLLIER COUNTY
Old Lely Utility Renewal
Stormwater
Management
Improvements. Goal 1.
Flood Existing E. Naples
Area $7.0M HMGP
Collier
Transportati
on
Managemen
t Services
Department
- Stormwater
tsmallwood@cityo
feverglades.org |
239-340-4007
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
Page 4372 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
33 410.69
Equipment Retrofit -
Looping Transmission
Lines | Carnestown to
Marco Island |
Unincorporated Collier &
Marco Island, FL
Approximately 19 miles
of new transmission
lines & substation
equipment with LOOP
feed for improved
redundancy | Goal 3.0,
3.1
All Existing
Collier
County and
City of
Marco
Island
$38M HMGP
Lee County
Electric
Cooperative
(PNP) |
Finance
Section
LCEC |
karen.vivian@lcec.
net | 239-656-
2236
16-Dec-24 >1Year|FDEM-
UR
34 372.52
IFCD Station 30 | 510
New Market Rd,
Immokalee |
IMMOKALEE FIRE
CONTROL DISTRICT
New/Reconstruction of
Fire Station #30
Dangerous
Winds Existing
Immokalee
& Ave
Maria
$5.0M CDBG/HM
GP
Immokalee
Fire Control
Dist.-
Logistics
IFCD |
tcunningham@im
mfire.com | 239-
657-2111
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
35 360.08
Caxambas USCGA
Building | 909 Collier Ct.,
MI | COLLIER COUNTY
Add a new hardened
building. Goal 3
Damaging
Winds New Marco
Island $1,500.0K HMGP
Collier Public
Services
Department-
Parks &
Recreation
Collier County
Public Services |
jeffrey.weir@colli
ercountyfl.gov |
239-252-5509
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
36 341.33
Emergency Services Ctr |
8075 Lely Cultural Pkwy |
COLLIER COUNTY
Drill water well and
install backup water
system. Goal 1
All Existing CW $150.0k HMGP
Collier Public
Utilities
Department
- Facilities
Mgt
Timothy.Rygiel@c
olliercountyfl.gov
| 239-
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
37 337.5
Essential Facility
Retrofit|CCSO Jail,
3319/3347 Tamiami TRL
E | Collier County
Harden Jail Facility-New
Roof-Goal 1
Damaging
Winds Existing
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$5.0M HMGP
Collier Public
Utilities
Department
- Facilities
Mgt
Timothy.Rygiel@c
olliercountyfl.gov
| 239-
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
Page 4373 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
38 321.59
Non-Residential Retrofit
| Marina Store, 525
Newport DR, Naples, FL
34114 | Collier County
Install 100KW
permanent generator at
Marina Store for fuel
operations in a disaster.
Goal 1.1
All Existing Port of the
Isles (POI) $373K HMGP/BR
IC
Collier Public
Services
Department-
Operations
& Veterans
Services
Collier County
Public Services |
jeffrey.weir@colli
ercountyfl.gov |
239-252-5509
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
39 213.6
Yacono Residential
Elevation Project | 112
Pago Pago Drive West,
Naples, FL 34113 | BCC
Elevate existing
residential structure
from 4.9' NAVD to 14.9'
NAVD | Goals 1.1 & 1.2
Flood Existing
Unincorpor
ated Collier
County
$310K HMGP
Greater
Naples Fire
District-
Logistics
Chris Wolfe |
cwolfe@gnfire.org
| 239-229-9991
16-Dec-24 >1Year|FDEM-
UR
40 196.8
Essential Facility
Retrofit| Lift Station
Generator Install x 4|
Shadowlawn Elementary,
Avalon Elementary,
Naples High School,
Everglades School |CCPS
Install Generator and
Connect to assoicated
Lift Station for backup
power. Goal 3.4 and 3.5
All Existing
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$75K each HMGP
Collier
County
Public
Schools -
Facilities
Department
Marc Rouleau, PE
(roulem@colliersc
hools.com)/239-
377-0630
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
41 105.93
Essential Facility Retrofit
| Alternate EOC
Generator | UES, 14700
Immokalee RD, Naples,
FL 34120 | Collier County
Install 200KW
permanent generator
for University Extension
Bldg. Goal 3.1.
All Existing
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$452K HMGP/BR
IC
Collier Public
Services
Department-
University/IF
AS Extension
Collier County
Public Services |
jeffrey.weir@colli
ercountyfl.gov |
239-252-5509
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
Page 4374 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
42 3.04
Essential Facility
Retrofit| 1.8W Generator
Install x 2 | Golden Gate
High, Gulf Coast High |
CCPS
Install 1.8W Generator
at indicated schools for
emergency backup.
Goal 3.4
All Existing
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$3.4M
each HMGP
Collier
County
Public
Schools -
Facilities
Department
Marc Rouleau, PE
(roulem@colliersc
hools.com)/239-
377-0630
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
43 0
US Hwy-41 Distribution |
Ochopee, Florida | Lee
County Electric
Cooperative
Move the electric lines
to the Southside of US-
41 for quicker access to
repair
All Existing
Ochopee &
Everglades
City
$4.01M HMGP
Lee County
Electric
Cooperative
(PNP) |
Finance
Section
LCEC |
karen.vivian@lcec.
net | 239-656-
2236
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Appliable |NS
Electrical Building New
Construction
Elevation/Hardening |
160 Aviation DR, Naples,
FL 34104 | Naples
Airport Authority (NAA)
Demo existing building.
Elevate new electrical
building and
incorporate hardening
into new building
design/construction.
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$5.2M HMGP
Naples
Airport
Authority
(NAA)
NAA |
Ndietrich@flynapl
es.com | 239-380-
0845
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Wind Retrofit - Naples
Community Hospital
(NCH) Downtown
Campus | City of Naples
Harden Windows to
Level E hurricane
impact throughout
facility | Goal 1.1, 3.1,
3.3
Damaging
Winds Existing
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$3.6M HMGP
Naples
Communiity
Hospital-
Emergency
Managemen
t & Public
Safety
(Consolidate
d)
Jennifer
Smith/Jennifer.Sm
ith@nchmd.org/2
39-624-1528
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Page 4375 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
Wind Retrofit - Naples
Community Hospital
(NCH) Downtown &
North Naples Campus (2
x projects combined) |
City of Naples & Collier
County
Harden entry points at
both hospitals with E
level hurricane impact
rated doors | Goal 1.1,
3.1, 3.3
Damaging
Winds Existing
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$632K HMGP
Naples
Communiity
Hospital-
Emergency
Managemen
t & Public
Safety
(Consolidate
d)
Jennifer
Smith/Jennifer.Sm
ith@nchmd.org/2
39-624-1528
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Essential Facility Retrofit
| Dry-Floodproofing |
NCH Downtown & NCH
NN | City of Naples
Flood Mitigation
Fencing (Dry-
Floodproofing) at points
of entry | Combination
of manual install and
automatic activation
flood barriers | Goals
1.1, 1.2, 3.1
Flooding Existing
Collier
County (All
Jurisdiction
s)
$800K
HMGP
(DR-4486
COVID)
Naples
Communiity
Hospital-
Emergency
Managemen
t & Public
Safety
(Consolidate
d)
Jennifer
Smith/Jennifer.Sm
ith@nchmd.org/2
39-624-1528
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Sewer Mitigation Project
| Riverbend Mobile
Home Park Co-Op | 777
Walkerbilt RD, Naples, FL
34110 | Unincorporated
Collier County, FL
Gravity sewer system |
low-pressure system at
500-year elevation |
Goal 1.2.1
Flood New
Unincorpor
ated Collier
County
$950K HMGP Riverbend
MHP Co-Op
RBMHP | Wendy
Stamnas |
wpstamnas@aol.c
om | 617-842-
2618
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Utilities Admin Bldg |
380 Riverside Circle |
CITY OF NAPLES
The Purchase and
Installation of Impact
rated windows. Goal 3
Dangerous
Winds Existing Naples $150.0K HMGP
City of
Naples-
Utilities
Department
mflores@naplesgo
v.com | 239-213-
5004
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Page 4376 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
Water Treatment Plant
Nuove Energie Filtration
System | POI CID |
25005 Peacock Lane,
Naples, FL 34114
POI WWTP - Nuove
Energie Filter System |
Goal 1.1, 1.2
All New
Unincorpor
ated Collier
County
$613.5K HMGP
POI CID -
Board of
Supervisors
Dan Truckey, Vice
Chair |
dtruckey@poicid.c
om | 920-737-
1345
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Flood Retrofit | Utilities
& Equipment Elevation |
Fred Smith & Bostic
Substations | Lily Court &
965 North Barfield Drive,
Marco Island, FL 34145 |
City of Marco Island
Raise elevation of
utilities and equipment
controls at both
locations. BFE + 1 | Goal
3.0, 3.1
Flooding Existing
City of
Marco
Island
$6.0M HMGP
Lee County
Electric
Cooperative
(PNP) |
Finance
Section
LCEC |
karen.vivian@lcec.
net | 239-656-
2236
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|With
drawn
Safe Room | Belle Meade
Facility - Due south of
5735 Collier BLVD
Latitude: 26.035600,
Longitude: -81.702969 |
Unincorporated Collier
County
Construct a "FEMA-
Compliant" Saferoom
for LCEC staff to
immediately respond
post-event. Goal 1,
Objective 1.1, 1.2
All New
Unincorpor
ated Collier
County
$7.0M HMGP
Lee County
Electric
Cooperative
(PNP) |
Finance
Section
LCEC |
karen.vivian@lcec.
net | 239-656-
2236
16-Dec-24 Timeframe Not
Applicable|IE
Page 4377 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
Retrofit - Naples Public
Beach Ends - Hardening |
North Lake Dr, 3rd AVE S,
14th, 15th, & 16 AVE S |
City of Naples
Reconstruction of five
(5) shore-protection
coastal armoring
structures. Goal/Obj
1.1, 1.2
Flood New City of
Naples $2.5M HMGP/BR
IC
City of
Naples-
Public Works
Department
City of Naples
Public Works
|mflores@naplesg
ov.com | 239-213-
5004
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Harden proposed Sports
& Entertainment
Complex for PSN
sheltering | COLLIER
COUNTY
Harden field-house
facility of the
proposed/new Sports &
Entertainment Complex
for PSN sheltering. Goal
1
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.5M HMGP/PD
M
Collier
County
County
Managers'
Operations
(CMO)
Timothy.Rygiel@c
olliercountyfl.gov
| 239-
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
SHWMD Lechate Backup
Generators | 3730 White
Lake BLVD | Collier
County
Generator for Master
Pump Station and Deep
Injection Well
All
Existing
and
New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$250.0K HMGP
Collier Public
Utilities
Department-
Solid Hazard
Waste
Managemen
t
Phil.Snyderburn@
colliercountyfl.gov
| 239-252-5081
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Essential Facility Retrofit
| UES Bldg Parking Lot
Flood Mitigation | 14700
Immokalee RD, Naples,
FL 34120 | Collier County
Construct sustainable,
permeable surface for
100 space parking lot to
mediate flooding
around critical facility
(alternate EOC). Goal
3.1.
All Existing
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$1.4M HMGP/BR
IC
Collier Public
Services
Department-
University/IF
AS Extension
Collier County
Public Services |
jeffrey.weir@colli
ercountyfl.gov |
239-252-5509
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Page 4378 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
Essential Facility
Retrofit/Station 31, 1107
Carson RD, Immokalee,
FL 34142/Immokalee
Fire Control District
(IFCD)
Wind Resistant
Bay/Pedestrian Doors &
Protective Shutters for
windows in facility
Damaging
Winds Existing Immokalee $55,000 HMGP
Immokalee
Fire Control
Dist.-
Logistics
IFCD |
tcunningham@im
mfire.com | 239-
657-2111
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Essential Facility Retrofit
| GNFD Station 90 | 175
Capri BLVD, Naples, FL
34113 | Collier County
(Isles of Capri)
Replace exterior
windows, exterior
doors, and apparatus
bay doors with
hurricane-rated
openings-Miami-Dade
County approved
products
Isles of
Capri/All Existing
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$239K BRIC
Greater
Naples Fire
District-
Logistics
Chris Wolfe |
cwolfe@gnfire.org
| 239-229-9991
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Flood Mitigation - Utility
Elevation - City of Marco
Island Fire Station
50/EOC | 1280 San
Marco RD, Marco Island,
FL 34145 | City of Marco
Island
Elevate transformer BFE
+ 2 based on
preliminary future flood
map BFE | Goals 1.1,
1.2, 3.3
Flooding Existing
City of
Marco
Island
$100K HMGP
City of
Marco
Island-Fire
Department/
Emergency
Managemen
t
(Consolidate
d)
Chris Byrne
cbyrne@cityofmar
coisland.com 239-
206-0318
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
370 Riverside CIR | City
of Naples Equipment
Service | City of Naples
Wind Retrofit via
hardening of
doors/windows | Goals
1.1, 3.1, & 3.3
All Existing City of
Naples $500K HMGP/PA
City of
Naples-
Utilities
Department
Timothy.Rygiel@c
olliercountyfl.gov
| 239-
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Rem
ove
Page 4379 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
# SCORE Name/ Location/
JURISDICTION
Description & Goal(s)
Achieved
Hazard
Mitigated1
New or
Existing
Bldgs?2
Beneficiary
3
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Source4
Office
Responsible
Person
Responsible2
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
1 72567.57
New Communications
Microwave Tower -
Improved Flood Control |
Immokalee FL/Lake
Trafford Area | South
Florida Water
Management District
(SFWMD)
New microwave tower
will provide redundancy
when cell towers go
offline during events |
Goal 6.0
All New
Collier
County (All
jurisdiction
s)
$7.4M HMGP
SFWMD
Resiliency
Division
SFWMD | Carolina
(Ana) Maran |
cmaran@sfwmd.g
ov | 561-682-6868
16-Dec-24 >1Year | FDEM-
UR
-470.64
Essential Facility Retrofit
| Generator
Replacement | NCFD,
13240 Immokalee RD,
Naples, FL 34120 | North
Collier Fire Rescue
Backup Power
Generator
Replacement. Goal 3,
Obj 3.2
All Existing
Collier
County (All
Jurisdiction
s)
≈$36K HMGP
North Collier
Fire-
Logistics/Fin
ance
Kris Thomas,
kthomas@northco
llierfire.com, 552-
1369
16-Dec-24
Timeframe Not
Applicable|Com
pleted
Page 4380 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
NON-“BRICK-AND-MORTAR” MITIGATION INITIATIVES
(SEE ALSO FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT PLAN PROGRESS REPORTS FROM THE CITIES – ANNEX J)
# NAME Description & Goal(s) Achieved Hazard New or
Existing Beneficiary Est.Cost
Potential
Funding
Source
Office
Respon.
Submitted/
Updated
Timeframe -
Status
40 Annual Public Appeal/Outreach
ALL JURISDICTIONS
Annually, present the LMS to the public for comment
and participation in the LMS process via the Flood Plain
Management Committee outreach initiative. Goal 5
All Hazards Both CW None N/A
EM &
Floodplain
Mgrs.
2/20 Annually
41
StormReady Community
Certification from the National
Weather Service
ALL JURISDICTIONS
Maintain the County’s certification as StormReady
which signifies that the community is better prepared
to save lives from the onslaught of severe weather
through advances planning, education and awareness.
Goals 1 & 5
All Hazards Both CW None N/A
EM &
Municipaliti
es
2/20 2025 due
42
Fire wise Community Designation
& Awareness Program
ALL JURISDICTIONS
Program that recognizes communities or
neighborhoods that demonstrate the spirit, resolve and
willingness to take responsibility as a partner in wildfire
protection. Fire wise Communities/USA is a way to help
prevent and reduce losses to wildland/urban interface
fire and foster community participation in applying Fire
wise principles. Goals 1, 5 & 6
Wildfire Both
Municipalities
& Immokalee,
Golden Gate
Estates, Ave
Maria, N.
Naples
Communities
None
Residents,
Div. of
Forestry &
HMGP
Fla. Forest
Svs. 2/20
On-going
43
County Wildfire Mitigation –
Establish Defensible Spaces
COLLIER COUNTY
Roller chop or mow approx. 50’ wide defensible space
corridors from roadside to roadside and behind
properties.
Wildfire Both
WUI
Residents/Bus
inesses
$456K FMAG/HM
GP
FFS/GNFRD
/NCFRD/IFR
D
10/20
On-going
DELETED & DEFERRED PROJECT/ACTION ITEM LISTING
(This space is provided to show projects which were approved by the LMSWG to go forward, but lacked support, etc. later)
NAME/Location Description & Goal(s) Achieved Hazard Beneficiary Est.Cost
Potential
Funding
Source
Office
Respon. Why Deleted/Deferred?
Wind Retrofit residential
properties
REBUILD NW FLORIDA
Wind retrofit residential properties. Goal 1 Dangerous
Winds CW $93M HMGP Retrofit NW
Fla.
Couldn’t find the project sponsor to validate
project.
Roberts Ranch Museum
1215 Roberts Ave, Immok.
COLLIER COUNTY
On all facilities at the museum, retrofit w/hurricane
strapping, storm shutters, bury electrical utilities &
wind-proof. Goal 3, Obj 3.2.& 3.3
Dangerous
Winds
E. Collier
County $92K HMGP Collier PSD
Museums Not considered a necessary project.
Naples Depot Museum
1051 5th Ave S.
COLLIER COUNTY
Install hurricane tie-down at loading dock and
buy/install generator. Goal 3
Dangerous
Winds Naples $215K HMGP Collier PSD
Museums Not considered a necessary project.
Museum @ Collier Govt Ctr
3339 Tamiami Trl E.
COLLIER COUNTY
Replace doors, add hurricane strapping, shutters
and generator. Goal 3
Dangerous
Winds E. Naples $208K HMGP Collier PSD
Museums Not considered a necessary project.
Page 4381 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
NAME/Location Description & Goal(s) Achieved Hazard Beneficiary Est.Cost
Potential
Funding
Source
Office
Respon. Why Deleted/Deferred?
Headquarters Library
2385 Orange Blossom Dr.
COLLIER COUNTY
Generator and installation. Goal 3 All N. Naples $200K HMGP Collier PSD
Library
Not an eligible generator project as a Critical
Facility
Vanderbilt Beach Library
788 Vanderbilt Bch Rd.
COLLIER COUNTY
Generator and installation. Goal 3 All N. Naples $100K HMGP Collier PSD
Library
Not an eligible generator project as a Critical
Facility
Marco Island Library
210 s. Heathwood Dr.
COLLIER COUNTY
Generator and installation. Goal 3 All Marco
Island $150K HMGP Collier PSD
Library
Not an eligible generator project as a Critical
Facility
South Regional Library
8065 Lely Cultural Pkwy
COLLIER COUNTY
Generator and installation. Goal 3 All E. Naples $150K HMGP Collier PSD
Library
Not an eligible generator project as a Critical
Facility
Estates Branch Library
1266 GG Blvd. W.
COLLIER COUNTY
Generator and installation. Goal 3 All G.G.
Estates $150K HMGP Collier PSD
Library
Not an eligible generator project as a Critical
Facility
E. Naples Library
2385 Orange Blossom Dr.
COLLIER COUNTY
Generator and installation. Goal 3 All E. Naples $225K HMGP Collier PSD
Library
Not an eligible generator project as a Critical
Facility
Golden Gate Library
2432 Lucerne Rd.
COLLIER COUNTY
Generator and installation. Goal 3 All G.G Estates $175K HMGP Collier PSD
Library
Not an eligible generator project as a Critical
Facility
Naples Regional Library
650 Central Ave
COLLIER COUNTY
Generator and installation. Goal 3 All Naples $150.K HMGP Collier PSD
Library
Not an eligible generator project as a Critical
Facility
Gulf Coast High School, 7878 Shark
Way
COLLIER COUNTY SCHOOLS
Connect generator to lift station. Goal 1.1 All CW $20.0K HMGP/PDM Collier Public
Schools
The grant process takes too long.
Superintendent wants work done now.
Sabal Palm ES,
4095 18th Ave. NE
COLLIER COUNTY SCHOOLS
Connect generator to lift station. Goal 1.1 All CW $20.0K HMGP/PDM Collier Public
Schools The grant process takes too long.
Superintendent wants work done now.
Corkscrew Elementary School,
1065 C.R. 858
COLLIER COUNTY SCHOOLS
Connect generator to lift station. Goal 1.1 All CW $20.0K HMGP/PDM Collier Public
Schools The grant process takes too long.
Superintendent wants work done now.
Mike Davis Elementary School,
3215 Magnolia Pond Drive
COLLIER COUNTY SCHOOLS
Connect generator to lift station. Goal 1.1 All CW $20.0K HMGP/PDM Collier Public
Schools The grant process takes too long.
Superintendent wants work done now.
Lely Elementary School,
8125 Lely Cultural Pkwy
COLLIER COUNTY SCHOOLS
Connect generator to lift station. Goal 1.1 All CW $20.0K HMGP/PDM Collier Public
Schools The grant process takes too long.
Superintendent wants work done now.
Oakridge Middle School,
14975 Collier Blvd
COLLIER COUNTY SCHOOLS
Connect generator to lift station. Goal 1.1 All CW $35.0K HMGP/PDM Collier Public
Schools The grant process takes too long.
Superintendent wants work done now.
Palmetto Ridge High School,
1655 Victory Lane
COLLIER COUNTY SCHOOLS
Connect Special Needs Shelter Electrical Load to
Existing 1.8MW Generator. Goals 1 & 3 All CW $400.0K HMGP/PDM Collier Public
Schools The grant process takes too long.
Superintendent wants work done now.
Page 4382 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
NAME/Location Description & Goal(s) Achieved Hazard Beneficiary Est.Cost
Potential
Funding
Source
Office
Respon. Why Deleted/Deferred?
Calusa Park Elementary School,
4600 Santa Barbara Blvd
COLLIER COUNTY SCHOOLS
Connect generator to lift station. Goal 1 All CW $35.0K HMGP/PDM Collier Public
Schools The grant process takes too long.
Superintendent wants work done now.
Gulf Coast High School,
7878 shark Way
COLLIER COUNTY SCHOOLS
Install 1.8MW Generator. Goals 1 & 3 All CW $1.3M HMGP/PDM Collier Public
Schools The grant process takes too long.
Superintendent wants work done now.
Golden Gate High School,
2925 Titan Way
COLLIER COUNTY SCHOOLS
Install 1.8MW Generator. Goals 1 & 3 All CW $1.3M HMGP/PDM Collier Public
Schools The grant process takes too long.
Superintendent wants work done now.
Various Locations
COLLIER COUNTY
Public Safety Radio System redundant fiber optic
connectivity
County
Wide
County
Wide $750K HMGP County IT Found it difficult to meet the HMGP criteria.
Radio Station, 110 South 2nd Street,
Immokalee
IMMOKALEE (PNP)
Generator, residential and wind retrofit facility.
Goal 1,2,3,4,5,6 All Immokalee $88.0K HMGP
Coalition of
Immokalee
Workers
Found another source for the money to
complete the project
San Marco Rd from Collier Blvd. ,
easterly to Landmark St.
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND
Improve drainage into large collector piping
systems. Goal 1 Flood Marco
Island $750K HMGP City of
Marco Island Found another funding source.
City of Marco Island fuel inventory
for self-sustainability
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND
Acquire fuel truck for fuel transfer of diesel and gas
and obtain generators for lift stations. Goal 3 All Marco
Island $175K HMGP City of
Marco Island Couldn’t get HMGP funding for equipment.
Naples Airport
Collier Mosquito Control District
Purchase two side by side surveillance all-wheel
drive vehicles. Goal 1
Disease
Control
County
Wide $50.33K HMGP
Collier
Mosquito
Control
Couldn’t get HMGP funding for equipment.
1240 Blue Hill Creek, MI
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND Construct a residential safe room. Goal 1 Wind Resident $30K HMGP City of
Marco Island City requested removal
Marine Based Fire/EMS Station
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND
Elevate and reconstruct this facility that was struck
by lightning and damaged by fire. Objs 1.1 & 1.2 Wind/flood Marco
Island Area $540.0K HMGP City of
Marco Island Began the project without HMGP funding
Retrofit SW Fla Homes through the
county.
ALL JURISDICTIONS
Retrofit single family homes to Cat-3 Hurricane
wind threat. Goal 1
Dangerous
winds
County
Wide $20.0M HMGP/PDM
& RCMP
Retrofit SW
Fla Retrofit SW Florida dissolved.
Port. Gen.Wire Pass-thru &
Anchorage
COLLIER COUNTY
Install Portable Generator pad w/tie-down &
building cutout to pass Gen. wires. Goal 1,Obj:1.1,
1.2 Goal 3, Obj 3.1
Dangerous
winds
County
Wide $100K HMGP Collier Dist.
Schools
Schools decided to fund the project totally with its
resources.
Wood Electric Pole Replacement
LEE COUNTY ELECTRIC
COOPERATIVE
Replace a portion of the wood poles in its Collier
County electric system to concrete. Goal 1, objs.
1.1, 1.2, 1.2.1, Goal 2, objs. 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and Goal 3,
objs. 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
Wind Subscribers
to LCEC $750K HMGP LCEC FEMA didn’t think replacing wood poles with concrete ones
was mitigation.
Marco Substation Relay Vault
Replacement & Elevation
LEE COUNTY ELECTRIC
COOPERATIVE
Replace the existing relay vault with a relay vault
whose floor would be at a higher elevation, thereby
minimizing the risk of flood damage to the relay.
Goal 1, objs. 1.1, 1.2, 1.2.1, Goal 2, objs. 2.2, 2.3,
2.4, and Goal 3, objs. 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
Flood
Marco
Island area
served by
LCEC
$338K HMGP LCEC Involved more staffing time than the project was worth. Too
many FEMA obstacles.
Page 4383 of 5277
Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
NAME/Location Description & Goal(s) Achieved Hazard Beneficiary Est.Cost
Potential
Funding
Source
Office
Respon. Why Deleted/Deferred?
Community Emergency Radio
Network
Establish an emergency radio system throughout
the community. All Vineyards
Community $13K HMGP/local
Vineyards
Amateur
Radio Assn
Purchased and established program via member resources.
NNFD #40 – Wind Protection
Install entry door and cupola protection and wind
protection for 5 vehicle bay doors at No. Naples
Fire District Station 40.
Dangerous
Winds
County
Wide $13K HMGP/PDM NN Fire
District
Did not indicate interest when grant available and validate
requirement on time. Given an opportunity to resubmit and
nothing received.
NNFD #42 – Wind Protection
Install entry door and cupola and wind protection
for 5 bay doors at No. Naples Fire District Station
42.
Dangerous
Winds County
Wide $13K HMGP/PDM NN Fire
District
Did not indicate interest when grant available and validate
requirement on time. Given an opportunity to resubmit and
nothing received.
NNFD #46 – Wind Protection
Install entry door protection and cupola and wind
protection for 5 bay doors at No. Naples Fire
Station 46.
Dangerous
Winds County
Wide $13K HMGP/PDM NN Fire
District
Did not indicate interest when grant available and validate
requirement on time. Given an opportunity to resubmit and
nothing received.
NNFD #44- Wind Protection
Install entry door and cupola protection and wind
protection for 5 bay doors at North Naples Fire
District Station 44
Dangerous
Winds County
Wide $13K HMGP/PDM NN Fire
District
Did not indicate interest when grant available and validate
requirement on time. Given an opportunity to resubmit and
nothing received.
Naples Recycling Center Install pad, berm and electric for building being
moved on site to store hazardous waste. All County
Wide $80K HMGP/PDM CC Solid
Waste Dept Changed recycling center locations.
Big Corkscrew IFRD Sta. 10 Wind
Retrofit Replace four bay doors. Dangerous
Winds
County
Wide $19.3K HMGP/PDM
Big
Corkscrew
IFRD
Job completed using other funding mechanisms.
Big Corkscrew IFRD Sta. 11 Wind
Retrofit Strengthen siding and doors and roof. Dangerous
Winds
County
Wide $60K HMGP/PDM
Big
Corkscrew
IFRD
Job completed using other funding mechanisms.
Wind Retrofit Building H (DoH,
EMS HQ, & Lab)
Install 10,800 sq.ft. wind protection to all bldg
windows of Bldg. H.
Dangerous
Winds
County
Wide $800K HMGP/PDM CC Facilities
Dept.
H. Wilma HMGP was to be used, but materials FEMA
approved was not aesthetically suitable for the building.
3301 Tamiami Tr. E, Building F,
Naples Replace Generator All County
Wide $408K PDM CC Facilities
Dept. County replaced generator with other funding mechanism.
Acquisition & development of
Gordon River Water Quality Park
The project will combine wetlands, habitats, trails,
boardwalks, fishing piers, educational facilities,
extensive landscape and hardscape within a passive
park setting that will intrigue & educate nature
enthusiasts.
Flood Adjacent
community $19.2M unknown
CC Trans.
Services
Division -
Stormwater
Project had been acquired and 80% development
completion.
Barefoot Beach Sea Oats Project
To plant a sea oat buffer 10 feet wide for
approximately 9,210 LF to replace the dune system
that has been damaged by many years of storms.
Coastal
storms
Adjacent
community $163.4K FMAP/HMGP CC Tourism
Pulled. Found out that FEMA and Fla. DEP would not fund
because the beach is a Reserve, with no public access and
not critically eroded.
SUCCESS STORIES - Funded/Complete Projects
NOTE: Annex 1, Appendix 4, Attachment 1 lists completed wildfire mitigation projects and the affected communities. OPR=Office of
Primary Responsibility
Title Description Amt Req/funded Source OPR
Equipment Svs Facility & River Park Cmty Ctr
301 11th Street North & 370 Riverside Cir, Naples
Purchase and install a generator at
each facility. Goal 3. $110K HMGP City of Naples
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Title Description Amt Req/funded Source OPR
CITY OF NAPLES (Previously #19 above)
GNFD Sta 21, 11121 E. Tamiami Trail
Greater Naples Fire & Rescue (Previously 12.3 above)
Purchase and install larger
generator to increase coverage of
emergency activities. Goal 3
$110K Wildfire HMGP GNFD
Naples Airport Hangar
Collier Mosquito Control District (Previously # 8 above)
Purchase /install one generator at
the hangar. Goal 1 $80K HMGP CMCD
Community Services Bldg.,
270 Riverside Circle
CITY OF NAPLES
The Purchase and Installation of
Impact rated windows. Goal 1 $60K H. Irma HMGP Naples
Estates Wildland Areas
FLORIDA FOREST SERVICE Hazardous Fuel Reduction. Goal 1 $566,677
HMGP (Wildfire
Mitigation
Project)
Florida Forest Service
N. Collier Regional Park
15000 Livingston Rd.
COLLIER COUNTY
3 each, Generator and installation.
Goal 3 $398.0K H. Irma HMGP Collier PSD P&R
IFAS Bldg.
14700 Immokalee Rd.
COLLIER COUNTY
Wind retrofit building and harden
facility $300.0K H. Irma HMGP Collier University
Extension
20 Residential Structures in EGC
EVERGLADES CITY Elevate 20 homes. Goal 1. $800.0K H. Irma CDBG Everglades City
Five (5) Critical Facilities
COLLIER COUNTY
Install emergency generator
improvements at 5 critical
buildings. Goal 1 $2.506M H. Irma HMGP Collier Fac. Mgt
Northwest Corner of Freedom Park @ Goodlette Road – Pump Sta.
COLLIER COUNTY
Upgrading the existing stormwater
pumping station located at the
northwest corner of the Freedom
Park Goal 1
$800.0K H. Irma HMGP Collier GMD
Stormwater
Marco Island Police
50 Bald Eagle Dr.
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND
Install quick generator connection
Goal 3 $27,992 H. Irma HMGP City of Marco Island
Immokalee Sports Complex
505 Escambia St.
COLLIER COUNTY
2 each, Generator and installation.
Goal 3 $245.0K H. Irma HMGP Collier PSD
P&R
Three (3) Critical Facs.
COLLIER COUNTY Procure and install wind
protection. Goal 1 $150K H. Irma HMGP Collier Fac. Mgt
Marco Island City Hall
50 Bald Eagle Dr.
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND
Wind retrofit window & doors. Dry
flood-proof the facility. Install
generator. Goal 3
$2,955.0K H. Irma HMGP City of Marco Island
Lift Stations #18, 27,82,32,106,86 & 61
CITY OF NAPLES
Purchase/Install Seven (7) Diesel-
Driven Standby Pumps at lift
stations. Goal 3
$525.0K H. Irma HMGP City of Naples
Solana Road East of Goodlette Road
COLLIER COUNTY
Reconstruct 400 feet of a county
stormwater management
conveyance system. Goal 1
$700.0K H. Irma HMGP Collier GMD
Stormwater
Intersection of San Marco Rd & Heathwood Dr.
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND Elevate existing roadway. Goal 1 $1,136.0K H. Irma HMGP City of Marco Island
Domestic Animal Services Generator and installation. Goal 3 $350.0K H. Irma HMGP Collier PSD
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
Title Description Amt Req/funded Source OPR
7610 Davis Blvd
COLLIER COUNTY
DAS
Wastewater Membrane
807 E. Elkcam Cir. Marco Island
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND
Harden existing structure by
constructing walls and overhead
doors. Reinforce roof to withstand
Category 5 Hurricane wind forces.
Goal 3
$1.5M H. Irma HMGP City of Marco Island
Project for 15 Critical Facilities
COLLIER COUNTY
Install emergency generators pin &
sleeve connectors at 15 critical
bldg. Goal 1
$300K H. Irma HMGP Collier Facilities Mgt.
Marco Island Lift Stas. & RO Wells
807 E. Elkcam Cir.
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND
Purchase and install 60 generators
for lift stations and RO wells. Goal
3
$3,320.0K H. Irma HMGP City of Marco Island
Upper Gordon River just south of Golden Gate Parkway
COLLIER COUNTY
Replacement of the downstream-
most existing water level and flow
control structure in the Upper
Gordon River. Goal 1
$3.09M H. Irma HMGP Collier GMD
Stormwater
Source Water Facility
7130 Collier Bl, Naples
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND
Purchase and install a generator
for the Source Water Facility. Goal
1
$2.0M H. Irma HMGP City of Marco Island
Immokalee Library
243417 N 1st St.
COLLIER COUNTY
Generator and installation, replace
roof and windows Goal 3 $275.0K H. Irma HMGP Collier PSD
Library
David Lawrence Center, Naples
David Lawrence Center (PNP)
Purchase & Install Generator to
service bldgs. D & F. Goal 1 $260.0K H. Irma HMGP David Lawrence Ctr
22 Poles along SR-29 Canal
LEE CTY. ELECTRIC COOP.
Reinforce w/riprap 22 electric
distribution poles along SR-29
canal. Goal 1
$308K H. Irma HMGP LCEC
North Collier Fire Stas.43 & 44
N. Collier Fire Control & Rescue District
Replace generators at two stations.
Goal 3 $120.0K H. Irma HMGP NCFC&R
MI Fire Sta. 50
1280 San Marco Road
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND
Wind and water retrofit fire
station. Goal 3 $3.5M H. Irma HMGP City of Marco Island
Naples Cmty Development Bldg.
295 Riverside Cr.
CITY OF NAPLES
Roof replacement. Goal 3.3 $412.0K H. Irma HMGP City of Naples
53 locations around the county
COLLIER COUNTY
Procure and install 54 generators
for lift stations. Goal 1 $4,510,000 H. Irma HMGP Collier PUD
Lift stations city wide
CITY OF NAPLES
Add Transfer Switches to Lift Stas.
in Naples. Obj 3.1
$45K H. Irma HMGP
City of Naples
America’s Business Park Land Acquisition
COLLIER COUNTY
Develop 83 acres for public access
consistent w/conservation goals.
Goal 1- 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.7, 1.8 .Goal
2- 2.3, 2.4, Goal 5- 5.1, 5.2. , Goal
6- 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 6.5
$21.200M
Ad Valorum
Conservation Collier
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
Title Description Amt Req/funded Source OPR
CC Road Maintenance Facility Generator Pre-wiring
COLLIER COUNTY
Install generator hook-up
equipment Goal 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 1.4
– Goal 3, 3.1,3.2.3.3
$10K General Revenue CC Growth Mgt Dept
Naples Cmty Early Warning Outdoor WX Siren Sys.
CITY OF NAPLES
Install early wx warning equipment
thru-out city. Goal1/Obj 1.2 $31K City of Naples
Haldeman Creek Stormwater Improvements & Lock Louise Weir Reconstruction
COLLIER COUNTY
Construct/reconstruct weir, install
box culvert & ditch, etc. Goal 6 $515.2K HMGP
(TS Fay) CC Growth Mgt Dept
CC Landfill leachate 6-inch HDPE pipe Install.
COLLIER COUNTY Install 6 – inch pipe Obj 3.1 $320K HMGP
(TS Fay) CC Public Utilities
Repetitive Loss Property Acquisition on Marco Island
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND
The City of Marco Island will
acquire the property and demo
the structure. The property
will be designated as “Open
Space” and landscaped utilizing
Florida Friendly Landscaping.
Goal 6
$234K FMAP City of Marco Island
E. Naples Cmty Center Wind Retrofit
COLLIER COUNTY
Install electrical shutters & pre-
wire for generator. Obj 3.1 & 3.1 $75K TS Fay CC Parks & Recreation
Dept.
Immokalee High School – Wind Prot & Prewire
(701 Immokalee Dr., Immokalee 34142)
COLLIER COUNTY
Install emergency generator
switching equipment…. Goal 1,
Obj. 1.1, Goal 3 –Obj. 3.3
$1.6M TS Fay -DRI CC School District
Wind Retrofit Immokalee & Golden Gate Cmty Centers
COLLIER COUNTY
Wind retrofit with electrical
shutters. Obj 3.12 & 3.3 $125K TS Fay CC Parks & Recreation
Dept.
CAT Facility Wind Retrofit
COLLIER COUNTY
Install electric roll-down shutters
Obj 3.1.& 3.3 $200K TS Fay CC Alt. Transportation
Modes
MI – WW Treatment Plant - Wind Protection
CITY OF MARCO ISLAND
Install windscreen protection on
two membrane Bio-Reactor skids.
Goal 1 – Obj 1.1 & Goal 3, Obj 3.3
$70,000 TS Fay City of Marco Island
CC Landfill Scale House Hurricane Shutters
COLLIER COUNTY
Install wind protection. Obj 3.1.&
3.3 $50.0K TS Fay – HMGP CC Public Utilities Dept.
Shadowlawn Dr. & Francis Av Drainage Improvement
Construct/repair swales and
culverts in project area. Goal 1:
Objective 1.2 and 1.2.1
$2.7M TS Fay -DRI Bayshore/
Gateway Triangle CRA
Collier County Emergency Services Complex – Wind Abatement
(4600 Santa Barbara Bl., Naples 34116)
Improve hi-wind survivability by
installing wind resistance
improvements aimed at further
protecting communications and
the generator. Goal 3, Obj. 3.1 &
Goal 2, Obj. 2.2
$1.63M/$1.63M HMGP - Wilma CC Emergency
Management
112 10th Av S.,Naples 34102 Elevate Chirgwin Historical House
above BFE $185K/$222K HMGP-Wilma City of Naples
Lee Co. Electric Coop – Move Electric to Underground in MI
Move overhead elect. facs. to
underground in Marco Island. (Obj
1.1, 1.2 and Goal 3)
$5.9M/$?
HMGP-Wilma
Awaiting City of
MI to let LCEC
proceed
LCEC
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
Title Description Amt Req/funded Source OPR
N. Collier Regional Park
15000 Livingston Rd.
Wind protection for several
facilities @ the park and pre-wire
Gym for generator.
$40K/$19.9K HMGP-Wilma CC P&R
Marco Island EOC Wind protection -MIFD/EOC $70K/$38.975K HMGP-Wilma MIFRD
Isles of Capri DFD Heliport retention wall. $59K/$60K HMGP-Wilma
Need $~$10K ICDFD
Road Maint. Admin. Fac.
4800 Davis Blvd, Naples 34101 Wind retrofit. $60K/$30K HMGP-Wilma Trans. Svs Div
3301 Tamiami Tr. E, Buildings W, G, D, B & K, Naples Wind protection for glass & doors. $244K/$203.950K HMGP-Wilma CC Facilities
Naples FD #2 Wind Renovation ~$150K 2002 Emerg Mgt & Nap FD
Everglades City Hall Elevation Engineering ~$7K 2002 CC Emergency
Management
ENFS #20 Wind Screens ~$10K 2002 CC Emergency
Management
NNFS #45 Shutters/screens ~$10K 2002 CC Emergency
Management
GGFS #73 Shutters/screens ~$10K 2002 CC Emergency
Management
BCSFS #12 Shutters/screens ~$10K 2002 CC Emergency
Management
Immokalee FS #30 Shutters/screens ~$10K 2002 CC Emergency
Management
Ochopee FS #60 Shutters/screens ~$10K 2002 CC Emergency
Management
Isles of Capri FS 90 Shutters/screens ~$10K 2002 CC Emergency
Management
Marco Island FS 50 Wind Screens ~$10K 2002 CC Emergency
Management
Sheriff/EMS Hanger Wind Screens ~$10K 2002 CC Emergency
Management
Golden Terrace Middle School Roof Retrofit ~$15K 2000 CC Emergency
Management
Golden Gate Middle School Roof Retrofit ~$15K 2000 CC Emergency
Management
Laurel Oak Elementary School Roof Retrofit ~$15K 2000 CC Emergency
Management
Big Cypress Elementary School Roof Retrofit ~$15K 2000 CC Emergency
Management
Barron Collier High School Window Screens ~$10K 2000 CC Emergency
Management
Veterans Elementary School Shutters/Roof Retrofit ~$20K 1999/2000 CC Emergency
Management
Village Oak Elementary School Shutters ~$15K 1999 CC Emergency
Management
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 December 18, 2024
Title Description Amt Req/funded Source OPR
Gulf Coast High School Wind Screens ~$10K 1999 CC Emergency
Management
Norris Center (City of Nap) Window Film ~$5K 1999 CC Emergency
Management
Immokalee Middle School Shutters ~$10K 1998 CC Emergency
Management
Oak Ridge Middle School Shutters ~$10K 1998 CC Emergency
Management
Golden Gate Community Ctr Window Film ~$5K 1998 CC Emergency
Management
Fleishman Park Window Film ~$5K 1997 CC Emergency
Management
Barron Collier High School Window Film ~$5K 1997 CC Emergency
Management
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F
ANNEX F: Local
Mitigation Strategy
Working Group Meeting
Minutes
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 November 20, 2024
ANNEX F
Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group
Meeting Minutes
2020 to 2024
For this LMS cycle only the minutes and the sign-in sheet for each Local Mitigation
Strategy (LMS) Working Group meeting held between 2020 and 2024 will be included in
this annex, with no additional attachments. Copies of press releases are posted in
Annex C.
Should you need verification of LMS Working Group meetings prior to 2020, please
contact amy.howard@colliercountyfl.gov.
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2020
January 17, 2024 - Regular Meeting
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April 17, 2020 - Regular Meeting
No Meeting Held – Due to COVID Restrictions
June 11, 2020 - Special Meeting
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July 17, 2020 - Regular Meeting
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 November 20, 2024
October 16, 2020 - Regular Meeting
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2021
January 15, 2021 - Regular Meeting
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March 19, 2021 - Special Meeting
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April 16, 2021 - Regular Meeting
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July 16, 2021 - Regular Meeting
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October 15, 2021 - Regular Meeting
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December 9, 2021 - Special Meeting
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2022
January 21, 2022 - Regular Meeting
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April 15, 2022 - Regular Meeting
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July 15, 2022 - Regular Meeting
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October 21, 2022 - Regular Meeting (Cancelled)
November 10, 2022 - Regular Meeting
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2023
January 20, 2023 - Regular Meeting
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March 24, 2023 - Special Meeting
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April 21, 2023 - Regular Meeting
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July 21, 2023 - Regular Meeting
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August 25, 2023 - Special Meeting
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October 12, 2023 - Regular Meeting
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December 8, 2023 - Special Meeting
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2024
January 19, 2024 - Regular Meeting
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April 19, 2024 - Regular Meeting
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July 19, 2024 - Regular Meeting
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November 8, 2024, Regular Meeting
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G
ANNEX G: Local
Mitigation Strategy
Working Group
Membership
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ANNEX G - 1
ANNEX G
Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group
Participating Membership
Redevelopment of the Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS)
In December 2003, Collier County initiated the redevelopment of its Local Mitigation Strategy
(LMS). This effort aimed to enhance the county's mitigation planning processes and better align
with state and federal guidelines. To ensure broad participation and transparency, the public
was invited through multiple outreach methods, including email notifications, newspaper
advertisements, blast-fax announcements, and postings on the County’s website (Collier County
LMS Page).
The outreach extended to various stakeholders such as media representatives, business
leaders, the medical community, and governmental agencies. These invitations were delivered
via the same methods and supplemented with direct invitations to key participants.
At the kickoff meeting, the County Manager set the tone for the initiative with a welcoming
address. The Florida Division of Emergency Management’s Mitigation Specialist and the Collier
County Emergency Management Director provided an overview of the program’s purpose,
emphasizing the importance of diligent planning, execution, and ongoing maintenance of the
LMS. For detailed membership information, refer to Section 1.
Membership and Participation Updates
The listing below reflects those specifically invited to participate, their chosen level of
involvement, and current membership. As membership evolves, this annex is updated to
maintain accuracy. On October 18, 2013, the LMS Working Group voted to revise membership
terminology, replacing “Voting” with “Participating” and eliminating the “Non-Voting” status
entirely.
Public Notification of LMS Meetings
Each LMS Working Group meeting is announced through a press release, email notifications,
and postings on the County’s website. For sample documents related to meeting
announcements, refer to Annex G.
ABBREVIATIONS:
VM = Voting Member
NJ = Non-Jurisdictional Voting Member
N = Non-Voting Member
Res = Interested resident
PNP = Private Non-Profit
CC = Unincorporated Collier County
EGC = City of Everglades
MI = City of Marco Island
Nap = City of Naples
CCPS = Collier County Public Schools
CDD = Community Development Dist.
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ANNEX G - 2
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H
APPENDIX H: Project
Scoring Criteria
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 March 31, 2020
ANNEX H- 1
ANNEX H
Initiative Scoring Criteria
A. Mitigation Initiatives: Criteria for Scoring and Prioritizing
The prioritization of mitigation initiative process begins with the sponsor(s) of each
initiative then goes to the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group.
The first step consists of the sponsoring governments, agencies, and departments
developing their initiatives and then scoring each project using the matrix developed
by the LMS Working Groups.
The sponsor's prioritized initiatives are then presented to the LMS Working Group
via the Collier County Emergency Management Division who will put the initiative on
the LMS meeting agenda. The Working Group then reviews, discusses, revises and
votes on each of the initiatives, assigning each a score and a ranking using the
scoring matrix. The LMS Chair will brief the Collier County Citizen Corps about new
mitigation projects and activities LMS Working Group since the Citizen Corps last
meeting.
In grouping the initiatives, in addition to using the scores derived from the matrix as
a guide, considerations such as useful life of the initiative, cost-effectiveness,
funding capability, and time required to implement and complete the project were
factored.
B. Special Grant Funding Opportunities & other exigent circumstances: Should an
eligible entity have an opportunity to apply for a mitigation grant for a project not
previously listed on the Project Priority Listing (Annex E) and not be able to apply for
the grant because the next announced LMSWG meeting would preclude timely
application, this procedure applies. The applicant will complete a project score
sheet, below, and submit it to the Emergency Management Division. Emergency
Management will transmit the score sheet to the LMS Chair. The LMS Chair will
electronically transmit the score sheet to the voting members of the LMSWG along
with an explanation of the exigent circumstances. The LMSWG voting members
have two business-days to vote on the project acceptability to the project priority
listing. At the conclusion of the two business-days a majority vote, with at least
three votes agreeing, determines the initiative’s status. A transcript of this exception
will be entered in the minutes at the next scheduled meeting.
C. Mitigation Initiatives Scoring Matrix
The following table represents the scoring matrix used for the submission of
initiatives for consideration for inclusion in the Collier County LMS. Submit the
completed “Mitigation Initiative Evaluation Score Sheet” to Emergency Management
Div. in MS Word format. (NOTE: See Section 4, para. 4.1.4 for situations which
deal with initiatives that cannot be scored.)
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ANNEX H- 2
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 March 31, 2020
ANNEX H- 3
Mitigation Initiatives Evaluation Score Sheet
Instructions: Applicant completes this score sheet for EACH Project. Information required in each of the
SSSHHHAAADDDEEEDDD AAARRREEEAAASSS. Submit this score sheet in MS Word format to the Emergency Management Office
electronically: Richard.Zyvoloski@Colliercountyfl.gov . Questions, call: 252-3603
If a submitter does not agree with the final determination, he or she shall have the right to meet
with the scoring committee to present compelling information to change the score.
PART I
Project Title:
Project Location:
TYPE PROJECT (“X” appropriate box, or explain) Acquisition Elevation Relocation Reconstruction Essential Facility Retrofit Non-Residential Retrofit New Construction Special Considerations or Impact Statement, if any:
What Goal or Objective does this address (See Sec. 3.0, LMS)?
What hazard(s) does this project or initiative correct/mitigate?
Who (what community) benefits from this project or initiative?
Does this project or initiative address mitigation on NEW infrastructure or buildings?
Does this project or initiative address mitigation on EXISTING infrastructure or buildings?
Project or Initiative Description:
Applicant and Responsible Agency:
Agency Contact Information
NAME E-Mail PHONE
Potential Funding Source(s) Estimated
Cost
Suitability Score For LMS
WG only
1 Appropriateness of the
Measure
5- High: Reduces vulnerability and is consistent with Local
Mitigation goals and plans for future growth.
3- Medium: Needed but isn’t tied to an identified vulnerability.
1- Low: Inconsistent with LMS goal or plans.
2 Community Acceptance 5- High: Endorsed by most communities.
3- Medium: Endorsed by most; may create burdens.
1- Low: Not likely to be endorsed by the communities.
3 Environmental Impact 5- Positive effect on the environment.
3- No effect
1- Adverse effect on the environment.
4 Legislation 5- High: Consistent with the existing laws and regulations.
3- Medium: New legislation or policy change.
1- Low: Conflicts with existing laws and regulations.
5 Consistent with Existing Plans
and Priorities.
5- High: Consistent with existing plans.
3- Medium: Somewhat consistent.
1- Low: Conflicts with existing plans and policies.
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2020 March 31, 2020
ANNEX H- 4
Risk Score For LMS
WG only
1 Scope of Benefits 5- High: Benefits all municipalities and unincorporated area directly
or indirectly
3- Medium: Benefits half or more, but not all the
municipalities and/or the unincorporated areas.
1-Low: Benefits less than half of the municipalities and/or the
unincorporated area.
2 Potential to protect human lives 5- High: More than 1,000 lives
3- Medium: Up to 1,000 lives
0- Low: No lifesaving potential.
3 Importance of Benefits 5- High: Need for essential services.
3- Medium: Need for other services.
1- Low: No significant implications.
4 Inconvenience of
Problem Correction
5- None: Causes no problems.
3- Moderate: Causes few problems.
1- Significant: Causes much inconvenience (i.e. traffic jams, loss
of power, delays).
5 Economic Loss
(Effect of implementing the
project on local economy)
5- Minimal: Economic loss has little effect during the project.
3- Moderate: Economic loss (minimal disruption).
1- Significant: Economic loss (businesses closed; jobs affected).
6 Number of People to directly
Benefit
5- High: More than 20,000
3- Medium: 4,000 –20,000
1- Lower: Fewer than 4,000
Cost Score For LMS
WG only
1 Initial Cost 5- Low: $0 to $250,000
3- Moderate: $251,000 to $1 million
1- High: More than $1 million
2 Maintenance /Operating Costs 5- Lower costs: Less than 5% per annum of the initial cost.
3- Moderate: 5%-10% per annum of the initial cost.
1- High: More than 10% per annum of the initial cost.
3 Environmental Cost Impact 5- Positive effect on the environment.
3- No effect
1- Adverse effect on the environment.
4 Financing Availability 5- Good: Readily available with grants and/or matching funds
3- Moderate: Limited matching funds available
1- Poor: No funding sources or matching funds identified
5 Repetitive FLOOD damages
corrected (applies ONLY to
NFIP-insured structure(s)
w/two paid flood losses).
5- High: Corrects repetitive loss/severe repetitive loss
3- Medium: Possible repetitive loss mitigation, but not
documented.
1- Low: Improves NFIP flood insured.
0- Not a NFIP insured structure.
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ANNEX H- 5
PART I I
Benefit Cost Analysis – QUICK WORKSHEET
This worksheet to be filled out by the applicant, is designed only for the Local Mitigation Strategy Working
Group use only. This gives the group a flavor for the potential benefits that the project may yield. Here’s
your chance to quantitatively make the case for your project as COST EFFECTIVE. This BCA is not the
same one as the FEMA BCA. The FEMA BCA requires a lot more detail and supporting documentation,
but this one will help you to further develop the “official FEMA BCA” should your project go forward as a
FEMA grant request. (Please note the asterisked “*” items below for the appropriate help.)
ESTIMATED PROJECT COST: __________
How many people directly are affected by this project? ________
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL DAMAGE AND LOSS COSTS:
Some possible costs are:
* Real Property Losses based on hazard mitigated: __________
** Furnishing/Equipment Losses: __________
** Alternate facility costs: __________
** Contract/rental costs: __________
** Other associated costs (list):
__________
__________
__________
Total Cost for Future Damages & Associated Expenses: ___________ (NOTE:
This figure should be detailed above.)
Statement to support above costs/losses:
DAMAGE & LOSS COSTS, divided by PROJECT COST = QUICK BCA RATIO
DAMAGE COSTS: (________________)
_______divided by___________________ = BCA _____________
MITIGATION PROJECT $: (________________)
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I
ANNEX I: Floodplain
Management Plans
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 January 24, 2025
ANNEX I - 1
ANNEX I
Collier County’s Floodplain Plans
Unincorporated Collier County has a Floodplain Management Plan. The City of Marco
Island and the City of Naples do not possess a Floodplain Management Plan, nor are
they required to adopt one. The Floodplain Management Plan is a part of the Collier
County multi-jurisdictional, multi-hazard mitigation plan which addresses the
jurisdictional flooding hazards. They are written according to FEMA regulations and
Section 511 and 512 of the CRS Coordinator’s Manual.
All jurisdictions are active participants in the NFIP. To ensure continued compliance with
the NFIP, each participating community will:
1. Continue to enforce their adopted Floodplain Management Ordinance requirements,
which include regulating all new development and substantial improvements in Special
Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA).
2. Continue to maintain all records pertaining to floodplain development, which shall be
available for public inspection
3. Continue to notify the public when there are proposed changes to the floodplain
ordinance or Flood Insurance Rate Maps.
4. Maintain the map and Letter of Map Change repositories.
5. Continue to promote Flood Insurance for all properties.
6. Continue their Community Rating System outreach programs.
SUMMARY OF JURISDICTIONAL CRS PROGRAMS
Collier County: Collier County’s NFIP participation commitments meet or exceed the
following minimum requirements as set for by the NFIP.
• Issuance or denial of floodplain development/building permits
• Inspection of all development to assure compliance with the local ordinance
• Maintaining records of floodplain development
• Assisting in the preparation and revision of floodplain maps
• Aid residents in obtaining information on flood hazards, floodplain map data,
flood insurance and proper construction measures
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 January 24, 2025
ANNEX I - 2
Collier County Floodplain Management
The County’s Building Plan Review & Inspection Division (BPRID) is the agency
responsible for the review and approval of all development order applications to the
County. The application review process includes analysis for compliance with the
County’s Land Development Code, the County’s Code of Laws and Ordinances (which
includes the Floodplain Management Ordinance), the Florida Building Code, the South
Florida Water Management District permitting rules (when applicable), the County’s
Growth Management Plan, and other related regulations for development compliance.
The development and building permit approval processes consist of extensive reviews
of the submitted applications to determine compliance before a recommendation for
approval is given. Once a development project begins actual construction, there are
periodic on-site inspections performed by trained inspection staff to ensure compliance
before the construction can proceed toward completion.
All documents submitted to the County become part of the project’s public record file
and are available for the public to review upon request. Copies can be ordered if
requested. Once a project is completed, the file is closed and archived and is available
for record retrieval. The BPRID is also active in the preparation and revision of Flood
Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) and maintains the record of all map revisions and
changes received from FEMA. As a part of the services offered to the public, the BPRID
provides FIRM information, flood insurance program information, flooding hazards, and
proper construction methods within the special flood hazard area. The BPRID also
oversees the County’s participation in the Community Rating System (CRS) program.
The County is currently designated as a CRS Class 5 rated community for its efforts to
promote activities that make the community more resistant to flood damage.
Collier County is currently in the process of to producing a new Digital Flood Insurance
Rate Map (DFIRM) series through a CTP Partnership Agreement with the City of
Naples, the South Florida Water Management District, and FEMA. On January 9, 2019
the County adopted a new Floodplain Management Ordinance that is compliant with the
current State of Florida “Model” Flood Ordinance. The County has an active Floodplain
Management Planning Committee to oversee the development and updating of the
County’s Floodplain Management Plan. As part of the CRS program the County
provides flood hazard and flood insurance information to the public through a
newsletter, mailings, and the internet.
City of Naples: The City of Naples’s NFIP participation commitments meet or exceed
the following minimum requirements as set for by the NFIP.
• Issuing or denying floodplain development/building permits
• Inspecting all development to assure compliance with the local ordinance
• Maintaining records of floodplain development
• Assisting in the preparation and revision of floodplain maps
• Helping residents obtain information on flood hazards, floodplain map data, flood
insurance and proper construction measures
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ANNEX I - 3
The City of Naples Building Department is the agency responsible for the review and
approval of all development order applications to the City of Naples. The application
review process includes an analysis for compliance with the Land Development Code,
the Code of Laws and Ordinances (which includes the Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance), the Florida Building Code, the South Florida Water Management District
permitting rules (when applicable), the Growth Management Plan, and other related
regulations for development approval compliance. Both the development permit and
building permit approval processes consist of extensive reviews of the submitted
applications to determine compliance before a recommendation for approval is given.
Once a development begins actual construction, there are a number of periodic on-site
inspections performed by trained inspection staff to ensure compliance before the
construction can proceed toward completion.
All documents submitted to the City become part of the development’s public record file
and are available to the public’s review upon request. Copies can be ordered if
requested. Once a development is completed, the file is closed and archived, but still
available for record retrieval. The Building Department is also active in the preparation
and revision of floodplain maps and maintains the record of all map revisions and
changes received from FEMA. As a part of the services offered to the public, the
Floodplain Coordinator provides FEMA floodplain mapping information, flood insurance
program information, flooding hazards, and proper construction methods within the
special flood hazard area. The Floodplain Coordinator also oversees the City’s
participation in the Community Rating System (CRS) program, and which currently
holds a Class 5 rating for its efforts to promote activities to make the community more
resistant to flood damage.
The City of Naples is currently in the final efforts to produce a new Digital Flood
Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) through a CTP Partnership Agreement with Collier
County, the South Florida Water Management District, and FEMA. As part of the CRS
program the City provides flood hazard and flood insurance information to the public
through a newsletter, mailings, and the internet.
City of Marco Island: The City of Marco Island’s NFIP participation commitments meet
or exceed the following minimum requirements as set for by the NFIP.
• Issuing or denying floodplain development/building permits
• Inspecting all development to assure compliance with the local ordinance
• Maintaining records of floodplain development
• Assisting in the preparation and revision of floodplain maps
• Helping residents obtain information on flood hazards, floodplain map data,
flood insurance and proper construction measures
One of the Growth Management Department responsibilities is to promote sound and
effective Floodplain Management within the City of Marco Island. We continue to
promote public awareness of natural disasters and the benefits of participation in the
National Flood Insurance Program. Our intent is to reduce flood losses in accordance
with the City’s Floodplain Ordinance and participate in the Federal Emergency
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Collier County Local Mitigation Strategy 2025 January 24, 2025
ANNEX I - 4
Management Agency’s Community Rating System (CRS) to lower insurance premiums
for residents. Our staff works closely with residents, contractors, businesses, local,
state, and federal agencies to facilitate cooperation and the exchange of information on
floodplain management issues.
Substantial Improvement and Substantial Damage Process
Collier County and its jurisdictions participate in the National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP) and enforce regulations related to Substantial Improvement (SI) and
Substantial Damage (SD) in accordance with NFIP guidelines and local floodplain
management ordinances. These regulations are essential for ensuring compliance with
FEMA requirements and reducing flood risk across the county.
Substantial Improvement (SI):
Substantial Improvement refers to any reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition, or other
improvement to a structure, where the cost equals or exceeds 50% of the market
value of the structure before construction begins. Collier County requires that all
substantial improvement projects comply with current Florida Building Code and local
floodplain management regulations to ensure resilience to future flood events.
The SI process includes:
• Submission of a building permit application with cost estimates from a licensed
contractor.
• Market value assessment using the Collier County Property Appraiser’s valuation
or an independent licensed appraisal.
• Compliance with updated floodplain requirements, including elevation and
floodproofing, if applicable.
Substantial Damage (SD):
Substantial Damage occurs when the cost of restoring a structure to its pre-damage
condition equals or exceeds 50% of its market value, regardless of the cause (flood,
fire, wind, etc.). Any structure determined to be substantially damaged within a Special
Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) must be brought into compliance with current floodplain
management regulations.
The SD process involves:
• Post-disaster damage assessments conducted by Collier County in coordination
with FEMA and state agencies.
• Permit submission requirements similar to substantial improvements.
• Compliance with elevation or retrofitting requirements to meet or exceed Base
Flood Elevation (BFE) standards.
Compliance and Enforcement:
Collier County's Building Plan Review & Inspection Division oversees the
administration and enforcement of SI/SD regulations. Property owners are required to
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ANNEX I - 5
submit detailed repair/improvement plans for review and approval before commencing
construction. Appeals regarding substantial damage determinations can be submitted to
the Board of Building Adjustment and Appeals for further consideration.
Challenges and Mitigation Strategies:
To address potential gaps and challenges in the SI/SD process, Collier County is
committed to:
• Expanding public awareness efforts to inform residents of their responsibilities
under NFIP regulations.
• Seeking funding opportunities through FEMA programs such as the Flood
Mitigation Assistance (FMA) and Building Resilient Infrastructure and
Communities (BRIC) grants to support mitigation efforts.
• Enhancing coordination with municipalities, including Naples, Marco Island, and
Everglades City, to streamline floodplain management efforts.
By incorporating the SI/SD process into floodplain management strategies, Collier
County aims to ensure compliance with federal regulations while enhancing community
resilience to flood hazards.
While the fundamental SI/SD criteria are consistent across jurisdictions, variations exist
in administrative procedures, documentation requirements, and enforcement practices.
Each jurisdiction within Collier County enforces NFIP regulations through their
respective floodplain management programs which may include:
• Collier County: The Building Plan Review & Inspection Division administers
floodplain management activities and ensures SI/SD compliance through the
county’s floodplain ordinance and permitting process.
• City of Naples: The city's Building Department enforces SI/SD regulations and
mandates compliance with local flood damage prevention regulations. Property
owners are required to elevate structures to or above the designated BFE in
cases of substantial improvement or damage.
• City of Marco Island: The Growth Management Department oversees SI/SD
compliance, incorporating public outreach efforts and enhanced regulatory
enforcement within the community.
• Everglades City: The Building Inspector manages floodplain regulations, with a
focus on preserving the unique characteristics of the area while maintaining NFIP
compliance.
• Seminole Tribe of Florida: The Environmental Resource Management
Department is responsible for floodplain management and compliance with NFIP
standards within tribal lands.
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ANNEX I - 6
Challenges and Coordination Efforts
To ensure consistency in SI/SD determinations across jurisdictions, Collier County and
its municipalities actively collaborate through:
• Regular coordination meetings to discuss updates to floodplain regulations
and best practices.
• Public outreach programs to inform residents of the SI/SD process and
compliance requirements.
• Data sharing and technical assistance among jurisdictions to standardize
documentation and streamline enforcement efforts.
Understanding these jurisdictional nuances ensures a comprehensive approach to
floodplain management and enhances Collier County’s resilience to flooding events.
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ANNEX I - 7
Appendix 1
Collier County’s Floodplain Management Resources
Collier County:
• Floodplain Management Section: Provides information on the
county's floodplain management strategies and ordinances.
o Collier County Floodplain Management
o Collier County’s Floodplain Management Plan can be found on the
internet at the following address:
o https://www.colliercountyfl.gov/home/showdocument?id=58898
City of Naples:
• Floodplain Information: Offers details on floodplain management,
building regulations in flood-prone areas, and related resources.
o City of Naples Floodplain Information
City of Marco Island:
• Floodplain Management: Provides guidelines and resources related
to floodplain management within the city.
o City of Marco Island Floodplain Management
Everglades City:
• Floodplain Management: Contains information on the city's
approach to managing floodplain areas.
o Everglades City Floodplain Management
Seminole Tribe of Florida:
• Environmental Resource Management: Oversees floodplain
management among other environmental initiatives.
o Seminole Tribe of Florida Environmental Resource
Management
The FEMA CRS Coordinator’s Manual can be found on the internet at the following
address:https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1493905477815-
d794671adeed5beab6a6304d8ba0b207/633300_2017_CRS_Coordinators_Manual_50
8.pdf
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