2020/2021 Collier County Clerk of Courts Expires �/ 6
3299 Tamiami Trail E. (Clerk's ffice only)
Suite 401, Bldg. F, 4th Floor
Naples, Florida 34112
BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
LOBBYIST REGISTRATION FORM
Name AVA2- CiloolC J Date v Tea.'to
Business Name ConSfituanUY o SoLLIIii4c51. 'Floe
Business Address I LI ci Cr1-411rtte5 N-Q W� I ��Ins F L 3� 1 c�2.--
City /\l&pL ) State L- Zip Code 3ci I°
Business Telephone 2.3/?•-4-}6•S .0 t Contact Person kret e( C
Lobbyist E-mail 00(3.9G42-C e C,tnitttl/a •oR§.
Notice for Lobbyists: The annual registration fee is $25.00 per Lobbyist, per Collier County
Ordinance No. 2003-53, and amended by Ordinance 2004-05, Ordinance 2007-24 and Ordinance
2013-39. Please make payment(s) to: Collier County Clerk of Courts & Comptroller.
(Mail to the address listed at the top of the form)
NAME AND ADDRESS OF EACH CLIENT/ENTITY REPRESENTED:
1. Name 14'?,L C k-/ CorCeet' t- oC 2. Name
NO-
Address Address i«leltr` Wa1 Address
City/State k)7L I'rtZip 341U) - City/State Zip
3. Name 4. Name
Address Address
City/State Zip City/State Zip
(ATTACH ADDITIONAL CLIENT SHEETS,IF NECESSARY)
State of Florida
County of Collier
Lobbyist Signature y�,,,���
This registration was sworn (or affirmed) and subscribed before me this 2:1-t'' day of 61.049f
20 20 by kAG( (jil(it&t'
/ Personally Known BY: • ANGELA CASSNER
Produced ID De`lii�� •f g lit Florida
V 0 r i lion" G 923581
Type of ID Produced My Commion p
Novemberssi Ex
19, 2023 ires
♦ 4
Revised:08/2019
CONSERVANCY
of Southwest Florida
Mill. OUR WATER, LAND, WILDLIFE, FUTURE.
Protecting Southwest Florida's unique natural environment and quality of life ... now and forever.
Clerk to the Board, Minutes& Records Dept.
3299 Tamiami Trail East, Suite #401
Building F, 4th Floor
Naples, FL 34112
RE: 2020-2021 Collier County Lobbyist Registration
9/25/2020
To whom it may concern,
Enclosed please fid the Board of County Commissioners Lobbyist Registration Forms for the Conservancy
of Southwest Florida and a check for$50.00.
Please contact me if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
rift AL.
aril"
Diana Gomez
Accounting Assistant
1495 Smith Preserve Way I Naples, Florida 34102 1239.262.0304 I Fax 239.262.0672 I www.conservancy.org
**** Conservancy of Southwest Florida has been awarded Charity Navigator's prestigious 4-Star top rating for good
1 CHARITY NAVIGATOR governance,sound fiscal management and commitment to accountability and transparency.Charity Navigator is America's
�—� Four Star Charity largest and most respected independent evaluator of charities.
Receipt# 008268925
9/29/2020 2:16:54 PM
CoN- Crystal K. Kinzel
Clerk of the Circuit Court and Comptroller
"FT/IF CIR. N's 0 f_
Customer Deputy Clerk Clerk Office Location
AMBER CROOKS & NICOLE BMR CASHIER Collier County Govt. Center
R. JOHNSON MinutesandRecords@CollierClerk.co Building F, 4th Floor
CONSERVANCY OF SW m 3299 Tamiami Trail East, Suite
FLORIDA 239-252-2646 401
1495 SMITH PRESERVE WAY P.O. Box 413044
NAPLES , FL 34102 Naples, Florida 34101-3044
1 Product
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION UNIT COST AMOUNT
2 BMR Lobbyist Registration $25.00 $50.00
TOTAL AMOUNT DUE $50.00
Check#227753 ($50.00)
BALANCE DUE $0.00
Note:
Disclaimer: All transactions are subject to review/verification. The Clerk reserves the right to correct for clerical errors and to
assess or refund charges as needed.
VDDlill®LfVOkgeZogOEla Page 1 of 1
Lobbyist
Registration
Quarterly Update
1
Martha S. Vergara
From:Rob Moher <robm@conservancy.org>
Sent:Wednesday, January 6, 2021 10:30 AM
To:Martha S. Vergara
Cc:Ellen Murray
Subject:RE: Lobbyist - Quarterly Updates (Jan)
External Message: Please use caution when opening attachments, clicking links, or replying to this message.
No changes for us. Thanks
Rob Moher
Conservancy of Southwest Florida
From: Martha S. Vergara <Martha.Vergara@collierclerk.com>
Sent: Tuesday, January 5, 2021 3:27 PM
To: 'anderson@abbinc.com' <anderson@abbinc.com>; 'bcornell@audubonwe.org' <bcornell@audubonwe.org>;
'carlb@barraco.net' <carlb@barraco.net>; 'jennifers@barraco.net' <jennifers@barraco.net>; 'wesk@barraco.net'
<wesk@barraco.net>; 'ktaylor@cecifl.com' <ktaylor@cecifl.com>; 'dquintanilla@cyklawfirm.com'
<dquintanilla@cyklawfirm.com>; 'stephensmr@cs.com' <stephensmr@cs.com>; 'mmouncey@gmail.com'
<mmouncey@gmail.com>; Rob Moher <robm@conservancy.org>; 'ellie@ekc‐inc.com' <ellie@ekc‐inc.com>;
'jcurl@emergedesign.biz' <jcurl@emergedesign.biz>; 'tina@gsma.pro' <tina@gsma.pro>; 'jenna@napleschamber.org'
<jenna@napleschamber.org>; 'amanda@napleschamber.org' <amanda@napleschamber.org>; 'chris@haganeng.com'
<chris@haganeng.com>; 'chris@haganeng.com' <chris@haganeng.com>; 'hans@hanswilson.com'
<hans@hanswilson.com>; 'jeff.wright@henlaw.com' <jeff.wright@henlaw.com>; 'debrahogue@hmeng.com'
<debrahogue@hmeng.com>; 'jmbswte@msn.com' <jmbswte@msn.com>; 'dkirby@kiterealty.com'
<dkirby@kiterealty.com>; 'gfxbeyrent@aol.com' <gfxbeyrent@aol.com>; 'mjahn@thelawmpowered.com'
<mjahn@thelawmpowered.com>; 'marty@nabor.com' <marty@nabor.com>; 'danielle@nabor.com'
<danielle@nabor.com>; 'jack@napleszoo.org' <jack@napleszoo.org>; 'matthew.holliday@nchmd.org'
<matthew.holliday@nchmd.org>; 'musserjr@aol.com' <musserjr@aol.com>; 'jwestendorf@comcast.net'
<jwestendorf@comcast.net>; 'pneale@patrickneale.com' <pneale@patrickneale.com>;
'nealemontgomery@paveselaw.com' <nealemontgomery@paveselaw.com>; 'karenbishop@pmsnaples.com'
<karenbishop@pmsnaples.com>; 'jtilton@gradyminor.com' <jtilton@gradyminor.com>; 'al@qainc.net' <al@qainc.net>;
'sspector@ralaw.com' <sspector@ralaw.com>; 'kgallander@consult‐rwa.com' <kgallander@consult‐rwa.com>;
'karla.scott@stantec.com' <karla.scott@stantec.com>; 'cthornton@swflalaw.com' <cthornton@swflalaw.com>;
'mking@trebilcock.biz' <mking@trebilcock.biz>; 'tbt@trtrans.net' <tbt@trtrans.net>; 'amanda@thanaples.com'
<amanda@thanaples.com>; 'alexis.crespo@waldropengineering.com' <alexis.crespo@waldropengineering.com>;
'jessica.linn@waldropengineering.com' <jessica.linn@waldropengineering.com>; 'zlombardo@wpl‐legal.com'
<zlombardo@wpl‐legal.com>; 'apires@wpl‐legal.com' <apires@wpl‐legal.com>
Subject: Lobbyist ‐ Quarterly Updates (Jan)
Good Morning All,
FYI this is just a friendly reminder that quarterly updates were due on January 2nd.
Updates can be sent and they will be processed with the date received on the e‐mail.
2
Please remember that for updates only require an e‐mail stating any changes to either the
lobbyists in your company/firm or client list.
Just list any additions or deletions in an e‐mail.
If you have no changes, all that’s required is an e‐mail simply stating “No Changes”.
If you’ve already sent your update please disregard.
Thanks and Happy New Year,
Martha Vergara
BMR & VAB Senior Deputy Clerk
Office: 239-252-7240
Fax: 239-252-8408
E-mail: martha.vergara@CollierClerk.com
Office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court & Comptroller of Collier County 3299 Tamiami Trail E, Suite #401 Naples, FL 34112 www.CollierClerk.com
Please visit us on the web at www.collierclerk.com
This electronic communication is confidential and may contain privileged information intended solely for the named addressee(s). It may not be
used or disclosed except for the purpose for which it has been sent. If you are not the intended recipient, you must not copy, distribute or take
any action induced by or in reliance on information contained in this message.
Unless expressly stated, opinions in this message are those of the individual sender and not of the Office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court of
Collier County. If you have received this communication in error, please notify the Clerk's Office by emailing helpdesk@collierclerk.com quoting
the sender and delete the message and any attached documents. The Collier County Clerk's Office accepts no liability or responsibility for any
onward transmission or use of emails and attachments having left the CollierClerk.com domain.
Under Florida Law, e-mail addresses are public records. If you do not want your e-mail address released in response to a public records
request, do not send electronic mail to this entity. Instead, contact this office by telephone or in writing.
Lobbyist
Registration
Quarterly Update
1
Martha S. Vergara
From:Ellen Murray <Ellenm@conservancy.org>
Sent:Monday, March 29, 2021 10:34 AM
To:Martha S. Vergara
Subject:3rd Quarter Lobbyist Update (April)
External Message: Please use caution when opening attachments, clicking links, or replying to this message.
Martha:
No changes for the Conservancy of Southwest Florida.
Thank you,
Ellen
Ellen C. Murray
Administrative Assistant to Policy
Conservancy of Southwest Florida
1495 Smith Preserve Way
Naples, FL 34102
239‐403‐4232 |ellenm@conservancy.org | www.conservancy.org
Protecting Southwest Florida’s unique natural
environment and quality of life…now and forever
From: Martha S. Vergara <Martha.Vergara@collierclerk.com>
Sent: Friday, March 26, 2021 8:42 AM
To: 'anderson@abbinc.com' <anderson@abbinc.com>; 'bcornell@audubonwe.org' <bcornell@audubonwe.org>;
'carlb@barraco.net' <carlb@barraco.net>; 'jennifers@barraco.net' <jennifers@barraco.net>; 'wesk@barraco.net'
<wesk@barraco.net>; 'raricci@nnapleslaw.com' <raricci@nnapleslaw.com>; 'ktaylor@cecifl.com' <ktaylor@cecifl.com>;
'dquintanilla@cyklawfirm.com' <dquintanilla@cyklawfirm.com>; 'stephensmr@cs.com' <stephensmr@cs.com>;
'mmouncey@gmail.com' <mmouncey@gmail.com>; Rob Moher <robm@conservancy.org>; Ellen Murray
<Ellenm@conservancy.org>; 'tocia@davidsonengineering.com' <tocia@davidsonengineering.com>;
'noel.davies@daviesduke.com' <noel.davies@daviesduke.com>; 'ellie@ekc‐inc.com' <ellie@ekc‐inc.com>;
'jcurl@emergedesign.biz' <jcurl@emergedesign.biz>; 'tina@gsma.pro' <tina@gsma.pro>; 'jenna@napleschamber.org'
<jenna@napleschamber.org>; 'amanda@napleschamber.org' <amanda@napleschamber.org>; 'chris@haganeng.com'
<chris@haganeng.com>; 'chris@haganeng.com' <chris@haganeng.com>; 'hans@hanswilson.com'
<hans@hanswilson.com>; 'jeff.wright@henlaw.com' <jeff.wright@henlaw.com>; 'debrahogue@hmeng.com'
<debrahogue@hmeng.com>; 'jmbswte@msn.com' <jmbswte@msn.com>; 'dkirby@kiterealty.com'
<dkirby@kiterealty.com>; 'rlk@klaascapital.com' <rlk@klaascapital.com>; 'sbehn@llw‐law.com' <sbehn@llw‐law.com>;
'mdiffenderfer@llw‐law.com' <mdiffenderfer@llw‐law.com>; 'gfxbeyrent@aol.com' <gfxbeyrent@aol.com>;
'mjahn@thelawmpowered.com' <mjahn@thelawmpowered.com>; 'marty@nabor.com' <marty@nabor.com>;
2
'danielle@nabor.com' <danielle@nabor.com>; 'jack@napleszoo.org' <jack@napleszoo.org>;
'matthew.holliday@nchmd.org' <matthew.holliday@nchmd.org>; 'chris@nativefla.com' <chris@nativefla.com>;
'musserjr@aol.com' <musserjr@aol.com>; 'jwestendorf@comcast.net' <jwestendorf@comcast.net>;
'myates@palmtraffice.com' <myates@palmtraffice.com>; 'lauras@passarella.net' <lauras@passarella.net>;
'pneale@patrickneale.com' <pneale@patrickneale.com>; 'pgw37@comcast.net' <pgw37@comcast.net>;
'nealemontgomery@paveselaw.com' <nealemontgomery@paveselaw.com>;
'mfernandez@planningdevelopmentinc.com' <mfernandez@planningdevelopmentinc.com>;
'karenbishop@pmsnaples.com' <karenbishop@pmsnaples.com>; 'jtilton@gradyminor.com' <jtilton@gradyminor.com>;
'al@qainc.net' <al@qainc.net>; 'sspector@ralaw.com' <sspector@ralaw.com>; 'kgallander@consult‐rwa.com'
<kgallander@consult‐rwa.com>; 'nmarshall@smartmobility.com' <nmarshall@smartmobility.com>;
'karla.scott@stantec.com' <karla.scott@stantec.com>; 'greg@stuarturbandesign.com' <greg@stuarturbandesign.com>;
'cthornton@swflalaw.com' <cthornton@swflalaw.com>; 'mking@trebilcock.biz' <mking@trebilcock.biz>;
'tbt@trtrans.net' <tbt@trtrans.net>; 'amanda@thanaples.com' <amanda@thanaples.com>; 'joe@urban‐three.com'
<joe@urban‐three.com>; 'alexis.crespo@waldropengineering.com' <alexis.crespo@waldropengineering.com>;
'jessica.linn@waldropengineering.com' <jessica.linn@waldropengineering.com>; 'zlombardo@wpl‐legal.com'
<zlombardo@wpl‐legal.com>; 'apires@wpl‐legal.com' <apires@wpl‐legal.com>
Subject: [EXTERNAL]3rd Quarter Lobbyist Update (April)
Morning All,
This is the 3rd quarter friendly reminder that updates are due on April 2nd.
Please remember that updates only require an e-mail stating any changes to lobbyists
for your company/firm,
or the client list for your company/firm.
If you have any additions or deletions to either list let us know in an e-mail.
If you have “No Changes” all that’s required is an e-mail stating no changes.
If you’ve already sent the April (3rd quarter) update please disregard this e-mail.
Feel free to either e-mail or call if you have any questions.
Kind Regards,
Martha Vergara
BMR & VAB Senior Deputy Clerk
Office: 239-252-7240
Fax: 239-252-8408
E-mail: martha.vergara@CollierClerk.com
Office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court & Comptroller of Collier County 3299 Tamiami Trail E, Suite #401 Naples, FL 34112 www.CollierClerk.com
3
Please visit us on the web at www.collierclerk.com
This electronic communication is confidential and may contain privileged information intended solely for the named addressee(s). It may not be
used or disclosed except for the purpose for which it has been sent. If you are not the intended recipient, you must not copy, distribute or take
any action induced by or in reliance on information contained in this message.
Unless expressly stated, opinions in this message are those of the individual sender and not of the Office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court of
Collier County. If you have received this communication in error, please notify the Clerk's Office by emailing helpdesk@collierclerk.com quoting
the sender and delete the message and any attached documents. The Collier County Clerk's Office accepts no liability or responsibility for any
onward transmission or use of emails and attachments having left the CollierClerk.com domain.
Under Florida Law, e-mail addresses are public records. If you do not want your e-mail address released in response to a public records
request, do not send electronic mail to this entity. Instead, contact this office by telephone or in writing.
Lobbyist
Registration
Quarterly Update
1
Martha S. Vergara
From:Ellen Murray <Ellenm@conservancy.org>
Sent:Tuesday, June 29, 2021 10:40 AM
To:Martha S. Vergara
Cc:Rob Moher; nicole johnson
Subject:Lobbyist Update for 4th Quarter
External Message: Please use caution when opening attachments, clicking links, or replying to this message.
Good Morning Martha:
We have two registered Lobbyist’s that have left The Conservancy of Southwest Florida. Can you please remove them as
active?
Marisa Carrozzo
Kelly McNab
Can you also remove Rob Moher from this email distribution?
Thank you,
Ellen
Ellen C. Murray
Administrative Assistant to Policy
Conservancy of Southwest Florida
1495 Smith Preserve Way
Naples, FL 34102
239‐403‐4232 |ellenm@conservancy.org | www.conservancy.org
Protecting Southwest Florida’s unique natural
environment and quality of life…now and forever
From: Martha S. Vergara <Martha.Vergara@collierclerk.com>
Sent: Tuesday, June 29, 2021 10:14 AM
To: 'anderson@abbinc.com' <anderson@abbinc.com>; 'bcornell@audubonwe.org' <bcornell@audubonwe.org>;
'carlb@barraco.net' <carlb@barraco.net>; 'jennifers@barraco.net' <jennifers@barraco.net>; 'wesk@barraco.net'
<wesk@barraco.net>; 'dawnr@barraco.net' <dawnr@barraco.net>; 'melissad@barraco.net' <melissad@barraco.net>;
'kberkey@beckerlawyers.com' <kberkey@beckerlawyers.com>; 'ebennett@biologicaldiversity.org'
<ebennett@biologicaldiversity.org>; 'raricci@napleslaw.com' <raricci@napleslaw.com>; 'ktaylor@cecifl.com'
<ktaylor@cecifl.com>; 'dquintanilla@cyklawfirm.com' <dquintanilla@cyklawfirm.com>; 'stephensmr@cs.com'
<stephensmr@cs.com>; 'mmouncey@gmail.com' <mmouncey@gmail.com>; Rob Moher <robm@conservancy.org>;
2
Ellen Murray <Ellenm@conservancy.org>; 'tocia@davidsonengineering.com' <tocia@davidsonengineering.com>;
'noel.davies@daviesduke.com' <noel.davies@daviesduke.com>; 'catherine.louise@daviesduke.com'
<catherine.louise@daviesduke.com>; 'ellie@ekc‐inc.com' <ellie@ekc‐inc.com>; 'jcurl@emergedesign.biz'
<jcurl@emergedesign.biz>; 'charlotte.r.miller@fpl.com' <charlotte.r.miller@fpl.com>; 'john.renfranz@fpl.com'
<john.renfranz@fpl.com>; 'brandon/stankiewicz@fpl.com' <brandon/stankiewicz@fpl.com>;
'meredithb@fwfonline.org' <meredithb@fwfonline.org>; 'tina@gsma.pro' <tina@gsma.pro>;
'sjacobson@greatwold.com' <sjacobson@greatwold.com>; 'bheezen@greatwolf.com' <bheezen@greatwolf.com>;
'jenna@napleschamber.org' <jenna@napleschamber.org>; 'amanda@napleschamber.org'
<amanda@napleschamber.org>; 'chris@haganeng.com' <chris@haganeng.com>; 'chris@haganeng.com'
<chris@haganeng.com>; 'hans@hanswilson.com' <hans@hanswilson.com>; 'jeff.wright@henlaw.com'
<jeff.wright@henlaw.com>; 'debrahogue@hmeng.com' <debrahogue@hmeng.com>; 'david.scott@jacobs.com'
<david.scott@jacobs.com>; 'jmbswte@msn.com' <jmbswte@msn.com>; 'dkirby@kiterealty.com'
<dkirby@kiterealty.com>; 'rlk@klaascapital.com' <rlk@klaascapital.com>; 'sbehn@llw‐law.com' <sbehn@llw‐law.com>;
'mdiffenderfer@llw‐law.com' <mdiffenderfer@llw‐law.com>; 'donaldschrotenboer@comcast.net'
<donaldschrotenboer@comcast.net>; 'gfxbeyrent@aol.com' <gfxbeyrent@aol.com>; 'mjahn@thelawmpowered.com'
<mjahn@thelawmpowered.com>; 'vfrey@thelawmpawered.com' <vfrey@thelawmpawered.com>; 'marty@nabor.com'
<marty@nabor.com>; 'danielle@nabor.com' <danielle@nabor.com>; 'matthew.holliday@nchmd.org'
<matthew.holliday@nchmd.org>; 'chris@nativefla.com' <chris@nativefla.com>; 'musserjr@aol.com'
<musserjr@aol.com>; 'jwestendorf@comcast.net' <jwestendorf@comcast.net>; 'myates@palmtraffic.com'
<myates@palmtraffic.com>; 'lauras@passarella.net' <lauras@passarella.net>; 'pneale@patrickneale.com'
<pneale@patrickneale.com>; 'pgw37@comcast.net' <pgw37@comcast.net>; 'nealemontgomery@paveselaw.com'
<nealemontgomery@paveselaw.com>; 'stevehartsell@paveselaw.com' <stevehartsell@paveselaw.com>;
'mfernandez@planningdevelopmentinc.com' <mfernandez@planningdevelopmentinc.com>;
'karenbishop@pmsnaples.com' <karenbishop@pmsnaples.com>; 'al@qainc.net' <al@qainc.net>; 'sspector@ralaw.com'
<sspector@ralaw.com>; 'kgallander@consult‐rwa.com' <kgallander@consult‐rwa.com>;
'nmarshall@smartmobility.com' <nmarshall@smartmobility.com>; 'curtsmythe@aol.com' <curtsmythe@aol.com>;
'karla.scott@stantec.com' <karla.scott@stantec.com>; 'greg@stuarturbandesign.com' <greg@stuarturbandesign.com>;
'cthornton@swflalaw.com' <cthornton@swflalaw.com>; 'mking@trebilcock.biz' <mking@trebilcock.biz>;
'tbt@trtrans.net' <tbt@trtrans.net>; 'amanda@thanaples.com' <amanda@thanaples.com>; 'joe@urban‐three.com'
<joe@urban‐three.com>; 'alexis.crespo@waldropengineering.com' <alexis.crespo@waldropengineering.com>;
'jessica.linn@waldropengineering.com' <jessica.linn@waldropengineering.com>; 'zlombardo@wpl‐legal.com'
<zlombardo@wpl‐legal.com>; 'apires@wpl‐legal.com' <apires@wpl‐legal.com>
Subject: [EXTERNAL]Lobbyist Update for 4th Quarter
Hello Everyone,
Just a friendly reminder that Lobbyist Updates are due on July 2nd.
Updates only require an e-mail stating changes to lobbyists for your company/firm and
client list for your company/firm.
If you have any additions or deletions to either list let us know in an e-mail.
If you have “No Changes” please state that in an e-mail.
If you’ve already sent the July (4th quarter) update please disregard this e-mail.
Feel free to either e-mail or call if you have any questions.
Have a Happy and Safe 4th of July,
3
Martha Vergara
BMR & VAB Senior Deputy Clerk
Office: 239-252-7240
Fax: 239-252-8408
E-mail: martha.vergara@CollierClerk.com
Office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court & Comptroller of Collier County 3299 Tamiami Trail E, Suite #401 Naples, FL 34112 www.CollierClerk.com
Please visit us on the web at www.collierclerk.com
This electronic communication is confidential and may contain privileged information intended solely for the
named addressee(s). It may not be used or disclosed except for the purpose for which it has been sent. If you are
not the intended recipient, you must not copy, distribute or take any action induced by or in reliance on
information contained in this message.
Unless expressly stated, opinions in this message are those of the individual sender and not of the Office of the
Clerk of the Circuit Court of Collier County. If you have received this communication in error, please notify the
Clerk's Office by emailing helpdesk@collierclerk.com quoting the sender and delete the message and any
attached documents. The Collier County Clerk's Office accepts no liability or responsibility for any onward
transmission or use of emails and attachments having left the CollierClerk.com domain.
Under Florida Law, e-mail addresses are public records. If you do not want your e-mail address released in
response to a public records request, do not send electronic mail to this entity. Instead, contact this office by
telephone or in writing.