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HAPB Agenda 04/21/202322.A.2 r �l C;0WCV County AGENDA COLLIER COUNTY HISTORIC/ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRESERVATION BOARD WILL MEET AT 9:30 AM, FRIDAY, April 21, 2023 AT THE COLLIER COUNTY GROWTH MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT — DIVISION OF PLANNING & ZONING, CONFERENCE ROOM 610, LOCATED AT 2800 NORTH HORSESHOE DRIVE, NAPLES, FLORIDA. NOTE: ANY PERSON WHO DECIDES TO APPEAL A DECISION OF THIS BOARD WILL NEED A RECORD OF THE PROCEEDINGS PERTAINING THERETO, AND THEREFORE MAY NEED TO ENSURE THAT A VERBATIM RECORD OF THE PROCEEDINGS IS MADE, WHICH RECORD INCLUDES THE TESTIMONY AND EVIDENCE UPON WHICH THE APPEAL IS TO BE BASED. Any person in need of a verbatim record of the meeting may request a copy of the audio recording from the Collier County Growth Management Division Department of Planning and Zoning. ALL MATERIAL USED IN PRESENTATIONS BEFORE THE HAPB WILL BECOME A PERMANENT PART OF THE RECORD. THESE MATERIALS WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR PRESENTATION TO THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. 1. ROLL CALL/ATTENDANCE 2. ADDENDA TO THE AGENDA 3. APPROVAL OF THE AGENDA 4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES: January 20, 2023 5. OLD BUSINESS: A. Rosemary Cemetery (Plot W) historic designation 6. NEW BUSINESS: A. Collier County Centennial Events B. Craighead Archaeological Lab C. Visit to Historic Sites 7. REVIEW OF PROJECT AND ACTIVITY LOG: 8. PUBLIC COMMENTS: 9. HAPB COMMENTS: 10. ADJOURNMENT: r Ln M LO LV Packet Pg. 384 22.A.2 Active Item HAPB HAPB/Staff Comments Hearing Dates 1 Rosemary 3/19/21 Cemetery At March, 2021 HAPB, Museum Director, Amanda Townsend, reported she had had at 4/16/21 a conversation with County Attorney regarding Rosemary's Cemetery, and that Goodlette 5/21/21 Legal Services would consider a quit claim to transfer the property. She stated that /Pine Ridge the County owned Plot B and was trying to get ownership of Plots W and N. At 8/20/21 Road (Plot April, 2021 HAPB, it had been determined that County Attorney was comfortable W) Historic 11/18/21 moving forward with a quit claim deed. Ms. Townsend stated the next task would Designation 12/17/21 be to create a business plan for the County Manager's review. At May, 2021 HAPB, Ms. Townsend reported that the cemetery, now largely developed, was under 1/21/22 private ownership and the County owned Unit B (Plot W), and was trying to obtain 2/18/22 the title to Units W and N. The last historical record of the cemetery was in a survey conducted in 1966. At August, 2021 HAPB, this item was continued to the 3/18/22 next meeting. At September, 2021 HAPB, Ms. Townsend reported that she and the 5/20/22 County were moving forward with building a case for the acquisition of the property and discussed funding for property surveys, fencing, and repair of 6/17/22 headstones. At October, 2021 HAPB, Ms. Townsend reported on the ownership 7/15/22 management, the land, cost estimates for the work, and known history of the 11/18/22 cemeteries. A member of the local NAACP attended and provided a letter expressing support. At December, 2021 HAPB, Ms. Townsend was not in 12/16/23 attendance, but a message from her was read which included an update about the 1/17/23 Board of County Commissioners' recent approval, in concept, of Plots W and N. She said the Collier County Museum would work with Real Estate Services for acquisition and would then need a second BCC approval. At January, 2022 HAPB, the subject was mentioned regarding the public's involvement with the item, the County's recognition of the NAACP's points, and the actions of museum. At February, 2022 HAPB, Ms. Townsend remarked that the item had received media attention and Real Estate Services had prepared a quit -claim deed. She also discussed the maintenance of the property, its heirs, and the title. At March, 2022 HAPB, Board members discussed Ms. Townsend's diligence on the matter, how it was now in its legal phase, that the local news reported about the NAACP's desire for it to be designated a burial site, and the trials of resolving real estate issues and ownership. At May, 2022 HAPB, Ms. Townsend reported that a web page had been created for Rosemary's Cemetery on the Collier County Museum website: https:// colliermuseums.com/news/rosemary-cemetery. At June 2022 HAPB, nothing new had been reported. At July, 2022 HAPB, staff and Board Members discussed how property owners would need to be notified for a Historic Designation to be established. At November, 2022 HAPB, Ms. Townsend steated she had restarted work on the acquisition of Plots W and N, and had ordered the title work for both plots. The Board approved Ms. Townsend to move forward with the parcels. At December, 2022 HAPB, Ms. Townsend stated that she had been working on transferring ownership of Plots W and N to the County, and that the title work had been completed. The item had recently gone to the BCC as a request to pursue, and the BCC approved. At January, 2023 HAPB, County staff, Timothy Finn stated Ms. Townsend had Skyped him an update that the title work had been received and was being reviewed by the County's Legal Services Department, and that Eagle Scout Jonathan Rodriguez would be participating in the project with her.. LO M LC) N Packet Pg. 385 January 20, 2023 22.A.2 MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE COLLIER COUNTY HISTORICARCHAEOLOGICAL PRESERVATION BOARD January 20, 2023 LET IT BE REMEMBERED, the Collier County Historic/Archaeological Preservation Board in and for the County of Collier, having conducted business herein, met on this date at 9:30 A.M. in REGULAR SESSION at the Collier County Growth Management Division — Planning and Regulation, Conference Room #610, 2800 Horseshoe Drive North, Naples, Florida, with the following members present: CHAIRMAN: Austin Bell (excused) VICE CHAIR: Barry O'Brien Zachary Burch Candace Johnson Elizabeth "Betsy" Perdichizzi Henry "Hank" Sentowski ALSO PRESENT: Andy Youngblood, Operations Analyst Ray Bellows, Zoning Manager Tim Finn, Principal Planner Packet Pg. 386 22.A.2 January 20, 2023 Any persons in need of the verbatim record of the meeting may request a copy of the audio recording from the Collier County Growth Management Department. 1. Roll Call/Attendance: Acting Chairman O'Brien called the meeting to order at 9:31 a.m. Roll call was taken and a quorum of five was established. 2. Additions to Agenda None 3. Approval of Agenda 4. Approval of Minutes: July 15, 2022 Ms. Perdichizzi moved to approve the December 16, 2022, minutes. Second by Mr. Sentowski. The motion passed unanimously, 5-0. 5. Old Business A. Rosemary Cemetery (Plot W) historic designation [Amanda Townsend] Mr. Bellows noted that at the last meeting, Museums Director Amanda Townsend indicated that she wasn't in a position to further the research on that and she's not here today to provide an update. [The board returned to this item later in the meeting, after member introductions.] Mr. Finn said Amanda Townsend Skyped him some updates. The title work has been received and is being reviewed by the county Legal Services department. Eagle Scout Jonathan Rodriguez will be participating in the project with her. Ms. Johnson asked about the eight graves in Rosemary Cemetery. Bellows said the eight unmarked graves are in Plot W. They need to figure out who owns that parcel and who is buried there. It's probably people who worked on the trail (U.S. 41). Ms. Johnson noted that would be of interest to the NAACP and asked if they're working with NAACP representatives. Mr. Bellows said the NAACP and another person who wanted to initiate the historic designation used to attend HAPB meetings. Ms. Perdichizzi said the project is a great one for an Eagle Scout to bring to fruition and add to his resume. Mr. Burch said if they need assistance with the NAACP, he knows its president, Vincent Keeyes very well and can contact him. Mr. Bellows said he'd ask Amanda about her communications with the NAACP. Michael Brownlee, the county's records management liaison officer, said he wanted to monitor this meeting to understand what the historical and the preservation part of the HAPB's role is, and to understand it from a records management perspective. Sometimes when it comes to the disposition of records, there are retention periods, but there are occasionally items that get considered for disposal, unless it has archival value. Packet Pg. 387 22.A.2 January 20, 2023 He's in the learning process to try to understand archival value, which is subjective. He's been in Naples since 1997, he's interested in history, and is a former radio guy. His backup for records management -type functions also is here, Angel Bates. Ms. Perdichizzio asked what records management was. Mr. Brownlee said they work for a state agency and all records have different retention periods, depending on the type of document. The state dictates that. From time to time, we need to dispose of records, but not before their retention period has passed. Records include audio tapes and pictures. The Centennial is this year, so he also was curious about the connection this board has with that. Ms. Bates said she does public record requests for the county Communications Department and is learning about records retention. Her background is in primary education. Mr. Burch said he appreciates their work and that history isn't thrown away. Rules of retention are better now. Acting Chairman O'Brien thanked them for attending the meeting, saying their work is vital to the county. Ms. Perdichizzi asked about obtaining records before Collier County was incorporated, when it was part of Lee County. She was told those records are in Fort Myers. Mr. Brownlee said it's always a challenge to determine who the custodian of records is. They start with the state. But records about the county's incorporation are in the County Manager's Office. B. Update on HAPB Guide Booklets Reorder Mr. Finn said they received 48 boxes of the historical guide booklets a few days ago. Board members were provided with a copy. The only change is the Centennial emblem on the cover. The museums stopped by yesterday and took 12 boxes. Ms. Perdichizzi noted that HAPB members can take some booklets. Mr. Bellows said they also give the booklets to various historical societies and Collier County Public Library system. 6. New Business A. Welcome New HAPB Members Mr. Bellows welcomed the new members and said that we're full with a seven -member Historical Architectural and Preservation Board. We always need four members for a quorum and try to reach out before each meeting to ensure we have a quorum, so you don't drive here and find the meeting canceled. We meet the third Friday of each month at 9:30 a.m. and sometimes take breaks during the summer. Ms. Johnson stated that it was technically her third meeting, she has a non-profit administration background and appreciates the chance to volunteer to be on this board and be aware of what's going on. Mr. Sentowski introduced himself and provided his background. • He's been a Florida resident for 10 years, half as a snowbird and five as a full-time Collier County residents. • He lives in Verona Walk, where he's on several ad hoc committees. He was the past chairman of the Verona Walk Architectural Control Committee for 2'/z years and was responsible for approving applications involving exterior construction, landscaping and other items. That committee was very active and handled about 600 applications yearly. There are 1,920 homes in Verona Walk on nearly 1,000 acres. Packet Pg. 388 22.A.2 January 20, 2023 He loved that work, is interested in preservation and thought the HAPB would be a good fit. He was born and raised in Brooklyn and raised his kids on Long Island. Acting Chairman O'Brien provided his background. • He's from Warwick, Rhode Island. He spent 16 years on the historic and architectural commission in Warwick. Many homes there are 100 to 200 years old there. He used to participate in Civil War re-enactments. Ms. Perdichizzi provided her background. • She's from Oklahoma and moved here in 1989. • She was interested in genealogy and the history of how people lived. • She and her husband, who has a background in computers, graphics and layout, have published seven historical fiction and non-fiction books. • She headed a re-enactment group 25 years ago with costumes and performed as theater. They created personalities of local history, the presidents and presidents' wives. It's a wonderful way to learn history. Mr. Burch provided his background. • He's the communications manager for Naples Airport. • Before that, he worked for the state Department of Transportation and the state Legislature. • He's always been interested in history and architecture. • He's lived here since he was 10, when he moved from Virginia. • He attended many Civil War re-enactments in Virginia. B. New Member Presentation [Mr. Bellows detailed a PowerPoint presentation] Mr. Bellows said he and Tim wanted to go into a presentation, discussion and general overview of the relationship between the HAPB and Collier County government, more specifically, zoning and land development in Collier County. He stated that: • When a developer wants to rezone 300 acres for a mixed -use residential commercial development, how does the county know that it's going to impact an archaeological site or historic structures within that property that they want to develop? • Working with a consultant, we created a map showing areas of known archaeological sites, known historic structures listed on the Florida Master Site File and/or have been designated historic by Collier County, as well as areas of archaeological probability. • There was a scientific study of soil borings and the archaeology firm we hired created maps that shows areas of archaeological probability in yellow. • If a rezone application came in and was in an area of historic archaeological probability, the developer is required to hire a certified archaeologist to conduct a cultural assessment of the property. • At the last meeting, we saw an example of an assessment that was brought to the HAPB. • Developers have the ability to ask for a waiver from conducting a cultural assessment if the site had been previously excavated for a quarry, etc. There's no sense spending money on archaeologists if the site was damaged through past construction activities. • Before we take a rezoned petition through the Planning Commission and Board of County Commissioners, we want to know if there are archaeological sites or historic structures. If 4 Packet Pg. 389 January 20, 2023 22.A.2 there are, what are the conditions we want to impose on the developer to protect archaeological or historic artifacts? • The report that we receive from the archeologists may have conditions to help protect these historic or archaeological sites and we incorporate that into the recommendation to the Planning Commission. The report contains a summary of HAPB findings and recommendations. • The HAPB may agree with the consultant the applicant hired or may have additional conditions it wants to impose. • We forward those recommendations to the Planning Commission, which will deem whether they're appropriate or not, and then it's brought to the Board of County Commissioners for a final decision and the BCC creates an ordinance that contains all conditions of approval, including preservation conditions. • The next step in the development process, once zoning has been entitled, is going through the site development plan, which looks at zoning approval and the conditions. The county wants developers to adhere to the conditions of approval so when the county sees the plans being submitted, they can make sure the developer is staying out of any areas that were designated archaeologically sensitive so they don't accidentally dig up those areas. • We had a situation where a developer failed to follow those directions and excavated a designated archaeological site. There are penalties for that, so we try to ensure our processes help protect those sites. What came out of that incident was better marking of sites, so when they hire a company to come in and excavate a site for development, they must mark areas that are deemed either environmentally sensitive or archaeologically sensitive. Mr. Finn said he and Candace were talking about this and the Stewart Mining East Extension earlier, before the meeting. The HAPB recommended approval based on the archaeological assessment from that agent. Ms. Johnson asked if they're done with the process after giving approval or are there follow-ups? Mr. Finn said the Stewart Mining Extension was approved. We accepted all the findings in the report and we take the HAPB approval and incorporate it into the staff report. Ms. Johnson asked if there are no archeological findings is the HAPB done? Mr. Bellows said it's not required to come back to the HAPB. The way the code is written is that the first petition type that comes in is usually at the rezone stage. If it was rezoned in the 1970s before we had this process, the next step would be a site plan. When that comes in and there was no cultural assessment done earlier, then we require it at subsequent stages, but you only see it once. Once those conditions are incorporated in the development, then they go into the building phase. Mr. Burch asked if there was a definition of what's historic, a time frame for significance? Mr. Bellows said the Collier County Land Development Code contains all the unified development regulations. There is a zoning overlay dealing with historic preservation, and within that are all the definitions and criteria for what is deemed historic. Historic structures can be deemed historic if they're 50 years old or more. A discussion ensued and the following points were made: • There are six or seven criteria for a site to be designated historic by the Board of County Commissioners. • That includes if there is land or structures associated with someone historic, such as the founders of Collier County. • If there's an architectural design or style that is unique, those could be historic. Packet Pg. 390 22.A.2 January 20, 2023 • If a study found a Calusa Indian burial mound, are the archeological sites we want to protect. • The code spells out all the criteria. • If a site is designated with a Florida Master Site File number, detailed information on how that structure is deemed historic is in the Florida Master Site File. That information is with the Florida Bureau of Historic Preservation and county staff also can look them up. • The county works with the builder/developer early on and tells them if they're in an area of archaeological probability or there are historic structures on the site. The county tells them they need to hire an archaeologist or a historic architect to work with them to help protect those buildings and archaeological artifacts. • There are several layers of historic designations. Many sites are just listed as having historic qualities but have not been designated by the County Commission as historic or listed on the National Register of Historic Places. • If something is designated or listed on the Florida Master Site File as having historic significance, the next step would be to have it locally designated by the Board of County Commissioners. Once it's locally designated, it's protected. • There's no requirement for property owners or developers to spend a lot of money to keep it at a certain level. There are state and federal grants to help people protect and preserve structures from further deterioration, but Collier County government doesn't have a grant program for that. It's up to the property owners. • If the HAPB disagrees, it won't issue a certificate of appropriateness. • If the HAPB agrees with what a study says, that it won't affect the historic quality of the site, the HAPB can approve it and the developer can then go through the next permitting - process step. • County staff will not process a site development plan or building permit on a site that's locally designated historic without the HAPB weighing in and saying it agrees or disagrees with the changes. That's one level of protection. • There are some jurisdictional issues, such as the county can't tell Everglades City what to do. • Robert's Ranch was designated historic after Amanda Townsend brought in the plans for the HAPB's review. Once approved, she was able to hire a builder to make changes. • When a site is designated historic by the BCC, the documents are kept by the Clerk of Courts and in the records room in the Growth Management building. • Any historic designation, application or any rezone application that involves historic sites are all maintained in our CityView computer database. Any studies that come out of that, such as certified archaeologists' reports, are kept in CityView, which also contains cultural assessments. • Cross -hatching on the probability maps shows that it's an area studied by archeologists and a report was submitted. • Every five or 10 years, we work with the State Preservation Board to update the county maps. • The idea is that when the Board of County Commissioners looks at a future development, we want to convey to the BCC whether there are archaeological resources or historic structures there. We don't let the developer demolish or alter those things without going through a process to determine if it's appropriate or not. • If a site is designated historic, the map shows a solid circle with the Florida Master Site File number on it. • Collier County is one of the faster growing counties in Florida. The push eastward is encroaching into these rural areas. Typically, archaeological sites are along streams, rivers or marshlands, where original Aboriginal Indians and natives primarily had their fish camps. 6 Packet Pg. 391 January 20, 2023 22.A.2 • Unfortunately, those were the first areas to be developed in Florida and that was prior to the HAPB being formed in 1991 or 1992. • Collier County went through the extra qualification process to be deemed by the state as a Certified Local Government, meaning we can bypass and don't have to coordinate with the Florida Bureau of Historic Preservation. Collier County can initiate historic designations and National Historic Register designations. • The historic guide has a list of structures that have historic significance of some level and who designated them historic. • There are a lot of county sites on the National Historic Register and they're listed in the booklet. • The property owner next to the historic Smallwood Store dug up a road that turned out to be county owned and had to put it back to its original condition. There was some excavation of an archaeologically sensitive area, but nothing of significance was found in the rubble. They were required to hire a certified archaeologist to study that. • When the county believes there's an ongoing issue, it can flag a property in the computer system, such as when there's a code case or a situation where restoration is required. • The property next to the Smallwood Store was sold, so Mr. Bellows plans to ask if there are plans for that site. • All of Chokoloskee is an area of archaeological probability. 7. Review of Project and Activity Log The Board reviewed Rosemary Cemetery on the "Collier County Historic and Archaeologic Preservation Board Project & Activity Tracking Log. " 8. Public Comments: None 9. HAPB Comments None 10. Adjournment The next HAPB meeting will be held on February 17, 2023, at 9:30 a.m. Ms. Perdichizzi moved to adjourn the meeting. Second by Mr. Sentowski. The motion passed unanimously, 5-0, and the meeting was adjourned. There being no further business for the good of the County, the meeting was adjourned by order of the chairman at 10:30 a.m. HISTORIC/ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRESERVATION BOARD Barry O'Brien, Acting Chairman These minutes were approved by the board on , as presented (check one) or as amended Packet Pg. 392 22.A.2 COLLIER COUNTY CENTENNIAL INFORMATION AND EVENTS Collier County was created on May 8,1923 when Florida Governor Cary A. Hardee signed Senate Bill 149, Chapter 9362, officially creating Florida State's 62nd county. The Community will be celebrating its 100th anniversary throughout 2023 with programs and events commemorating this historic milestone. HISTORY Collier County has been a home for southwest Floridians for over 10,000 years. Our earliest residents were the Paleoindians, hunter — gatherers who lived among an abundance of Ice Age megafauna such as Columbian mammoths and saber — tooth ed cats . These residents enjoyed a dry, temperate grassland and could be considered our area's first snowbirds. Our county was also once part of the Calusa domain, which extended from the Ten Thousand Islands all the to the far reaches of Charlotte Harbor. The Calusa, or "fierce people , " defended our coast from any attempts at Spanish colonization until their eventual demise in the 1700s. The Seminoles of north Florida made their way to what would become Collier County in the early 1800s, hunting in the high prairies of o ur northern interior and living in the cypress swamps in the south. While a variety of black, white, and Hispanic settlers found their way into the region throughout the 1850s and 1860s, it was not until the 1870s that permanent settlement began in the tow ns and communities that would become Everglades City, Marco Island, Immokalee, and Naples. Politically, Collier County has held many names. When the State of Florida was established in 1845 we were part of Monroe County, with our county seat residing in Key West. In 1887 we were part of the newly formed Lee County, and while a trip to the county seat in Fort Myers was certainly less burdensome than Key West, it still made getting business done difficult for the residents of the southern portion of the count y. This relative isolation of these southern communities also slowed their growth considerably, even as the rest of Florida was blossoming by the early 20th century. Naples, Marco, Caxambas, and Everglade could only be accessed easily by boat. A road connecting Immokalee to Fort Myers had only finally opened in 1917. Railroads only went as far as Fort Myers until the mid—1920s. Despite the isolation, there were many people with money, affluence, and influence who saw the potential of this region and who were ready to make investments in its future. In 1911, an advertising magnate from Tennessee by way of New York named Barron Gift Collier visited Florida for the first time. He stayed at his friend John Roach's island in the Pine Island Sound off the coast of Lee County, Useppa. Collier quickly became enamored by the beauty and resources the tourism potential that the region offered and bought Useppa Island from his friend. Roach also introduced Collier to his property in south Lee County at Deep Lake, a citrus grove with a narrow gauge railroad track that was a little over 10 miles from the town of Everglade. Collier bought that from Roach as well, in 1916. Packet Pg. 393 22.A.2 Collier's investment in the region continued, and between 1921 and 1923 alone he accumulated over one million acres of land in south Lee County. Knowing that his business ventures would be more successful with better transportation options, h e had a keen interest in t he Tamiami Trail project, which had been initiated by the State Road Department in 1914 to connect the west and east coasts of south Florida. The project was to be financed by the counties that this road would go through. Unfortunately for Lee County, a large portion of their project required its investment in pricey engineering and construction, and with a relatively small tax base compared to other counties the project quickly ran out of money and steam. Barron Collier, seeing an opportunity to leave a legacy in an area he loved, offered to fund the construction of the Tamiami Trail through the swamps of the Everglades in exchange for a new county to be formed and named in his honor. On May 8th , 19 2 3 Collier County was officially partitioned from Lee County by the Florida State Legislature. The Town of Everglades (now Everglades City) was the original county seat. Today Collier County encompasses 2,305 square miles of land. It is the second largest county by size in the state of Florida (behind Palm Beach County) as well as bigger than both the states of Rhode Island and Delaware. In 1962 the county seat was moved to East Naples, making it the only county seat in an unincorporated area at the time. Photo Information: B&W. Shows Florida Governor Carey A. Hardee (seated on left) signing bill which established Collier County on May 8, 1923. Barro n G. Collier shown third from right, standing behind the Governor. D.W. McLeod on far right. UPCOMING CALENDAR EVENTS: January 10 - April 29, 2023: Cultivating Community — Stories of Immokalee's African American Pillars and Pioneers Immokalee Pioneer Museum at Roberts Ranch, 1215 Roberts Ave W, Immokalee, FL 34142 They came for work. Laying rail, cutting timber, milling, and vegetable picking brought hard-working people south to the edge of Big Cypress. That there was work in Immokalee was known from Mississippi to Maryland. Teachers, preachers, and entrepreneurs followed. Not all would stay but eventually, a culturally rich, close-knit community grew. Cultivating Community explores this early history of Immokalee through the memories of its African American community members. April 29, 2023 1 M10:00 am - 4:00 pm Tamiami Trail Celebration Museum of the Everglades 105 West Broadway Avenue Everglades City, FL 34139 This annual event celebrates the anniversary of the completion of the Tamiami Trail Barron Collier's Highway across the Everglades begins with speeches by local dignitaries and members of the Collier family at City Hall. This year we celebrate both the 95th anniversary of the Trail's completion, and the Centennial of both the county and Everglades City itself. Join us for a day of live music by the Naples Jazz Band playing the hits of the Roaring 20s, birthday cake served by the Friends of Museum of the Everglades, Laundry Cart Races in front of the Old Laundry Building (the museum), a motorcade of classic cars and full parade through town, food, fun, and much more. Packet Pg. 394 22.A.2 May 4, 2023-August 5, 2023 Exhibit: The Queen of Marco & the Creation of Collier County Marco Island Historical Museum 180 S Heathwood Dr, Marco Island, FL. For many on Marco Island, Tommie Barfield was an indomitable woman that brought roads, ferries, and schools i the tiny island in the early 20th century. A veritable Queen of Marco, as she was known. Few know about her vitz role as a lobbyist on Barron Collier's behalf in Tallahassee, convincing the legislature to create Collier County in 1923. This exhibit will share that story. GETINVOLVED We invite all Collier County organizations to participate in this historic celebration by displaying the Collier Centennial Emblem on your website, marketing materials, signage, merchandise, etc. The Collier Centennial Emblem is currently available in four formats for public use by Collier County businesses and organizations. Organizations using the Emblem will be featured on the Collier County Centennial website. The Emblem can be displayed now and throughout the end of the Centennial year. To request an eps version of the Emblem, please complete and submit this form. A member of the committee will contact you. Dimensions and color of the Emblem should not be altered. CONTACT Communications, Government & Public Affairs 3299 Tamiami Trail East, Suite 102, Naples, FL 34112-5746 PHONE: 239.252.8373 1 EMAIL: info@colliercountyl00.com Packet Pg. 395 22.A.2 THE CRAIGHEAD LABORATORY At the Collier County Museum The Craighead Laboratory is a key attraction and education area at The Collier County Museum for children and adults. A pioneer environmentalist, Dr. Frank Cooper Craighead, Sr., devoted much of his life's work to the study and preservation of Florida's natural resources and beauty. Craighead began his career in 1910 as a forest entomologist with the US Department of Agriculture. He made his first visit to South Florida in 1915 to investigate disease caused by beetles in pine trees and developed an immediate interest in the region's abundant plant and wildlife. Dr. Craighead retired as Chief of Forest Entomology and moved to Homestead , Florida , in 1956. For the next 22 years, he studied South Florida's ecology and natural sciences for the Everglades National Park and National Geographic Society. He and his wife, Carolyn, moved to Naples in 1968. A leading authority on Florida's native plants and water resources, Dr. Craighead's scientific research, publications and personal dedication contributed to a growing national concern for the preservation of the Everglades and South Florida's wetlands. In 1976, Governor Reubin Askew officially honored Dr. Craighead as the "Scholar of the Everglades " and joined the Collier County Commission in proclaiming November 16th as "Dr. Frank C. Craighead, Sr. Day." His field laboratory was moved to the Collier County Museum grounds and restored in 1987. It was dedicated on November 16, 1992 by Carolyn Johnson Craighead, and is open to the public and used by scholars and students on a regular basis. The Craighead Archaeological Laboratory is operated and staffed by members of the Southwest Archaeological Society (SWFAS) to process and archive archaeological material from local sites. r Ln M LO N The History of the Craighead Laboratory r INTRODUCTION by John Furey, President, SWFAS 2019 Art Lee was the Director of the Craighead Lab for SWFAS from it's opening on March 6, 1988 to his resignation on August 2002, and put his heart and soul into making it a success. He was also an editor of the Newsletter and a prolific writer that contributed to the articles that SWFAS published as well as the newsletter. In the early days of the lab, Art was the driving force of improvement and innovation. Between December 1999 and August 2000, Art wrote a seven- part history of the lab that was published in installments in the SWFAS Newsletter. A fitting introduction to the series was written by the then Acting SWFAS Newsletter Editor John Beriault. The SWFAS operated Craighead Archaeological Laboratory at the Collier County Museum was and continues to be a crucial and integral part of the mission of our Society and this history is a testament to the hard work and long- term dedication of the members of SWFAS. This is a compilation of the seven articles in one place to facilitate ease of access and reading. Packet Pg. 396 22.A.2 HISTORY OF THE CRAIGHEAD LABORATORY: PART I by Arthur R. Lee, SWFAS Newsletter, December 1999 A Salvage Operation In February 1987, Collier County Museum director Ron Jamro got word that a 16-by-24 building that had stood by the pond behind the sheriff's office in the county governmental complex was to be abandoned as office space and used for oil and paint storage. He was horrified, for the building had been used as a wilderness laboratory and office by the late Frank C. Craighead, Ph. D-venerated as an early and effective voice on behalf of saving the Everglades and had been given to the county for safekeeping on his death. The intended new use would spell its end. Jamro notified John Beriault who, he knew, as a young man had been permitted to accompany Dr Craighead on environmental excursions, and the pair developed a plan to have the building saved for use as a headquarters and lab by the Southwest Florida Archaeological Society, of which Beriault was president. Negotiations with the county followed, complicated by the fact that the museum was temporarily owned by a support organization, Friends of the Collier Museum, which had assumed responsibility for moving the Museum to its present location and greatly enlarging it- work done more expeditiously by private citizens than by government. Broadly, the arrangement reached obliged SWFAS to assume much of the cost of moving the building in return for its use. An agreement to that effect was signed with the board of county commissioners March 1, 1987, and the building was moved to the new site March 23. A major cost element was construction of the foundation. Its excavation- at the site currently occupied by the yellow building on the Museum grounds- represented the first physical work doneMn o by SWFAS at the lab. A charter SWFAS member, Guy Fischer, constructed the forms for the concrete footings, and on a day of sweat and expectations the concrete trenches were dug and r filled. Fischer later built the landing and stairs to the back door, carefully designed to permit M passage of drying rack trays. Refusing help, he commented: "If it's going to have my name on it, it's N going to be right". He built it so strong that it later withstood the lab's being moved to a different location. Paying attendant costs became a major preoccupation for SWFAS: A special garage sale was held, individuals made donations and the Archaeological and Historical Conservancy contributed $1,000. As with many crises that were to follow, SWFAS squeaked through. But the rosy glow that lighted expectations was not without its shadows. All had agreed that a front porch should be added to the building, it being apparent that the N structure was too small- two sheets of plywood wide and three long- to hold gatherings of any size. Q And laying out the interior on paper -was relatively easy because the location of its two doors and a m closet that had housed a toilet dictated placement of the major lab counter, plumbing and drying a rack, leaving three walls available for storage racks and bins, the essentials of any archaeological = lab. SWFAS members generally interested in the lab had generally agreed on what was to go whereby he time Art Lee was designated to meet with interior decorator Richard F. Geary III, a E member of the Museum's support group, who made it clear at the outset of the session that he had CU some pretty definite ideas as to how the lab would be set up. Lee was puzzled, since he had no a previous knowledge that the friends did, in fact own the building despite the arrangement SWFAS had made with the county commission and had come to the meeting with detailed drawn plans for the building's interior arrangements (as, indeed, had Geary). Packet Pg. 397 22.A.2 Once the matter of proprietorship was understood, they settled down to discussing physical arrangements of the lab, reaching a mutual understanding on layout as well as the type of floor and counter coverings to be used, and the location of the lights. HSTORY OF THE CRAIGHEAD LAB: PART II by Arthur R. Lee, SWFAS Newsletter, January 2000 A Window on the Lab No mention was made at that meeting of the alteration that greeted SWFAS members eyes when they next visited the structure: Most of the front wall had been torn out to make room for an immense window, which posed a security threat and- fully as important- removed a third of the available wall storage space. Though SWFAS members were critical at the time, the window is handsome and has served to give thousands of school children and adults, a glimpse of a serious side of archaeology. No one argued with other changes that were made by the Friends of the Museum organization to give the building a South Florida look — addition of a false aluminum roof and attractive siding — nor with the air conditioning and fluorescent lighting it installed. Though there were delays, the bulk of the work was essentially completed by year's end. On January 21, 1988, SWFAS was given official permission to go to work on the interior, and volunteers put in some long hours. A SWFAS carpenter installed new wall panels and an additional layer of plywood flooring for strength; joists were moved to accommodate the new lighting system and members put up new ceiling panels. Jack Thompson, with his engineering skills, rescued volunteers buffered by the problem of matching beveled ends of ceiling trim. A ditching machine laying irrigation pipe was shanghaied into digging a channel for plastic piping tapped, without ceremony into a potable water main. The drying rack was installed and screened drying trays were fabricated by Walt Buschelman and Art Lee. Charlie Strader's pickup truck was drafted to haul a miscellany of Museum furnishings that had taken - up residence in the building to and from temporary storage to permit the interior work, including N installation of the countertop, to be done by SWFAS volunteers. The storage space was donated by Bill Jones of Tamiami Builders. Y A major part of SWFAS's contribution to the renovated museum complex was a replica Indian Mound, erected north of the lab. The creation considered of a heap of dirt on either side of a wooden walkway, one formed around a plastic- faced box within which John Beriault had laid deposition layers with artifacts as they would have been exposed by an archaeological excavation. Despite days of unseasonable rains, the creation was rushed through to completion in time for the Museum's official opening February 15, 1988. (Rainwater that seeped into the enclosure ultimately caused weeds to sprout and flourish in the cutaway display, forcing its removal and the elimination of the "Indian Mound"). The lab's turn to be officially opened came Sunday March 6, with the installation of a plaque containing a picture of the late Dr. Craighead, the memento of a banquet offered by the Naples community some years before to honor the distinguished scientist. Present were his widow, Carolyn, then in her 90's; sons Frank Jr. and John, themselves known for their work in zoology, and daughter Jean Craighead George, an award- winning author. (Mrs. Craighead was to become an occasional visitor to the lab, stopping in the course of walks around the Museum grounds with a companion which continued until her death in April 1993 at the age of 103). Packet Pg. 398 22.A.2 The preceding Tuesday evening, March 1, a score of SWFAS members and county officials had met at the lab over coffee and sandwiches to observe the first anniversary of the contract giving the society use of the building. (A progress report published that month noted that, pending the construction of permanent shelving and racks of draws, the lab would use metal shelving, surplus to the Museum. Eleven years later the metal shelving is still in place, the permanent storage yet to be fabricated). HISTORY OF THE CRAIGHEAD LAB: PART III by Arthur R. Lee, SWFAS Newsletter, February 2000 The Monkey Cage Tuesday, April 5 (1988 ed.), marked an interesting episode in the lab's relations with the county government. A middle level official, Kevin O'Donnell, had insisted that the public have free access to a the lab building during all hours that the Museum would be open. SWFAS could not recruit enough CU volunteers to staff the facility for so many hours, and it could not ill afford the necessary public o liability insurance. After protracted negotiations, SWFAS agreed to build a hog -wire cage ceiling high that would enclose an area four feet to a side inside the front door in which visitors could stand CU without danger to instruments or artifacts on worktables; the cage, in turn, had a wire door leading to a the interior of the ab, which would be padlocked when the lab was not staffed. April 5 the last screw of the "monkey cage" as it came to be called, was driven home. It was to remain in place until a CU different arrangement was made for SWFAS' use of the building. The next day Alice Ash, Jean o Belknap, Virginia Beville, and Mary and Walt Buschelman, Art Lee and Virginia Reed met to decide Ln on regular lab hours — Thursday and Saturday mornings. r Tuesdays were added later, and Saturdays were abandoned for lack of interest and difficulty in M meshing with Museum schedules (on one occasion tab workers arrived to find Seminole dancers LO 514 using the lab as a dressing room). 54 A dramatic episode in the establishment of a working relationship between a volunteer organization with scientific pretensions and a public government institution was to occur on May 26, 1988. SWFAS had learned that at a scheduled session of the board of directors of the Friends organization the matter of SWFAS' use of the lab building was to be discussed and packed the meeting with 17 representatives. The Friends raised questions regarding payment of certain construction charges, which SWFAS agreed to look into, and the problem of staffing the facility raised by O'Donnell was settled by agreement to provide a written schedule. Since that episode relations between the county and SWFAS, though changed over time, have been rational and the Museum and lab staffs have sought out ways of making the relationship work to mutual advantage. From the outset SWFAS staffers have been regarded as Museum Volunteers, a relationship strengthened in May with the appointment of anthropologist Nancy E. Olsen as curator with incidental responsibility for lesion with SWFAS Later, in 1995, she was given honorary membership in recognition of her many activities in support of SWFAS. Packet Pg. 399 22.A.2 HISTORY OF THE CRAIGHEAD LABORATORY: PART IV by Arthur R. Lee, SWFAS Newsletter, March 2000 Out of the Mud Work for other organizations was undertaken for the first time that year. More than 600 artifacts recovered from Gault Island were cleaned, numbered, and inventoried in preparation for their being incorporated in a display being readied by the Florida State Museum of Natural History for the Museum of the Islands, then just being formed on Pine Island. In November a major collaboration was established with a University of Florida crew doing an archaeological analysis of Horr's Island; it involved use of a storage facility in East Naples as a drop point for material en route to and from the lab where it was cleaned and given a preliminary analysis. A later, major operation of that type was undertaken in August 1993, when volunteers in the course of several sessions cleaned and analyzed 70 bags of shell removed by the Archaeological and Historical Conservancy from a disturbed area in the Bonita Bay development; a sizable contribution toward lab expenses resulted. In February 1990, the lab was moved, being set on its new location in the northeast corner of the Museum grounds. The Museum had obtained the 6th historic residence and needed for it the space that had been occupied by the lab. In preparation, materials and equipment were moved back to the B&B lot, valuable instruments went to the Museum vault, and the Lee's homework room was set up as a temporary lab. Restoration of the building to a working laboratory coincided with SWFAS' hosting the annual meeting of the Florida Anthropological Society, making for a busy period. Heroes of the move were Jean Belknap and Walt Buschelman, who dug a trench 300 feet long, two feet deep and one shovel wide for the lab's water line from the main Museum building to the new location, breaking a deadlock with the utilities people and getting the lab back in operation. Lab volunteers were delighted to note that the Museum had added to the back of the lab building a i wooden platform, the planks spaced to permit drainage, where artifacts could be washed; that M operation in the original location had been a muddy affair. The Museum added a double sink later. N The move changed the lab's physical ambiance completely. Where it had been standing by itself in the open, it became a part of a corner of the Museum grounds reserved for native trees and other plants, shaded and with cover for birds, a delightful setting. A year after the move to the new location, on February 19, 1991, the lab's official status changed to its present form. The Society had petitioned the County Commission to be relieved of its original agreement - under which the lab building had been saved from destruction — citing the financial burden of liability insurance it was obliged to carry since it was regarded as a public facility. A delegation from SWFAS had asked that the organization be allowed to continue its work at the lab — as volunteers of the Museum. In an "executive summary" filed with the commission, Museum Director Ron Jamro had stated that since 1987 the Society had upheld its duties under its agreement and had operated the lab in a `safe and conscientious manner" and that its members as volunteers had been of service to the Museum. Packet Pg. 400 22.A.2 HISTORY OF THE CRAIGHEAD LABORATORY: PART V by Arthur R. Lee, SWFAS Newsletter, April 2000 The Storage Problem The perennial storage problem was slightly eased in July 1991 when P.W. Quails constructed a wooden cabinet with sliding drawers to hold part of the growing comparative collection. Early in the lab's operation it became apparent that analysts needed specimen animal bones and shells to help identify the left -overs from meals eaten long ago that appear in test pits. The first was a complete skeleton of a racoon found on Gault Island. Charlie Strader found a road 01 fox, and buried it to let nature reduce it to bone — the start of a small cemetery as other animals lost the right of way to cars A Pine Island fisherman contributed several small fish not now commonly caught. Workers back yards became repositories for fish remains; Jean Belknap, whose fishing expeditions with her brother, yielded nature — prepared bones of alligator and manatee (ai4 duly registered with the state authorities) became skilled at separating bones from fur, and Walt Buschelman perfected a technique for bleaching bones. Fish markets became used to requests for fish heads from which otoliths — excellent for species identification could be extracted and added to the examples. John Dante had contributed from his consider -able collection. An opossum chose a lot next to Dante's home as a place to die, and John Beriault contributed several sets of bones he had come across. A state license was applied for and granted to maintain the collection, kept in serviceable condition by Ella May Ablahat. The lab, by the way, still welcomes (fresh) road kills. More storage for specimens was provided in 1995 when the Museum made available a large metal L specimen cabinet. Still later the Museum permitted SWFAS to erect shelves in part of a garage it had acquired and located adjacent to the lab, a luxury it enjoyed until October, 1999, when a change in Museum operation forced SWFAS to rent commercial warehouse space. Also, in 1995, the •i Museum gave SWFAS use of a large capacity metric scale. Another major contribution to the lab's technical arsenal was the donation in March, 1992, by Barbara and Reed Toomey of a flotation barrel, a device to separate out light organic material from column samples, as well as to do normal LO screening. It has been in periodic use ever since, supplemented by two lab fabricated pairs of LO screens of 1 mm and 0.5 mm gauge. Rom Jamro, Ray Seguin, Charlie Strader and Linda S. v Robinson donated balances and other laboratory equipment. Bob and Jean Belknap have placed on Y long term loan a diamond -blade saw for use in shell dating. Constructive criticism of the lab's chair a inventory has been made by Elizabeth McCarthy and Jan Gooding who bought their own upgraded. A number of people have helped flesh out the lab's reference library, including Linda S. Robinson, Annette Snapp, Dr. Robin and Jan Brown, Jean Belknap, Maria Stone, Ella May Ablahat and the a Lees. A major contribution to SWFAS's and the lab's ability to participate in public events was the construction by Ray Seguin of an elaborate, transportable metal -framed folding exhibit; Eleonore U. Young put a good deal of time into adapting a previously -prepared exhibit to its format. o Many individuals have helped the lab financially, with contributions ranging from enough to purchase odd bits of equipment to sizable donations; Lois and Stanley Polewka were quick to appreciate the load imposed by the $300 needed for each Carbon 14 date, and others, like Linda S. Robinson and Jim and Sue Long, have joined them in helping defray those costs; John Beriault has been the source of countless assists. The Lab has shared, as well, from major contributions to SWFAS such as the stock donation from Pat and the late Col. Don Randell and a sizable gift from a visitor to Bonita Springs who dropped in at a monthly meeting, joined in a site investigation, and decided that the organization needed a boost — Noma Copley of New York City Packet Pg. 401 22.A.2 THE FIRST REPORT A major milestone was passed in September, 1992, when a report on the exploration of Mulberry Midden, a hunting camp just off Immokalee Road near highway 1-75, was sent to the printers. Although ad hoc reports had been prepared for various occasions during the lab's existence, the 36- page report on site 8CR697 was the first comprehensive report on all aspects of the excavation and laboratory analysis of artifacts from a site. Since then, two other formal reports have been printed, on Satin Leaf 8CR766, a tool -manufacturing station on south Marco Island, published in May, 1996, and Heineken Hammock 8CR231, a hunting camp in what is now the Berkshire village area just east of Naples, published in May, 1998. All of the reports, stripped of their voluminous tables, have been printed in the quarterly journal of the Florida Anthropological Society, The Florida Anthropologist, as well. In a unique experiment in 1992 food shell that had been excavated from a mound on the banks of the Imperial River was sorted, weighed, counted and disposed of at the home of Charlie and Gail Strader, an event of the Society's annual December picnic. And the new year 1993, saw the lab undertake a new enterprise. Twenty- one individuals, many SWFAS members but including those from as far away as Lake Placid and Everglades City, attended classes held evenings twice a week in January on basic laboratory techniques. Instructors were lab regulars, Walt Buschelman, Jean Belknap, John Dante, Art and Lynn Lee and John Beriault, who gave a special session on ceramics. The Museum generously installed exterior lights to enable class use of the porch and washing area. The following year, on October 8, 1994, the lab in conjunction with the Museum arranged for a day- long seminar with Dr. Arlene Fradkin of the Florida Museum of Natural History as visiting lecturer. All o 20 available places were taken, some by professionals from as far away as Sarasota. Sessions Mn were in the Museum lecture hall and the lab. Note should be made of the effort workers have made to improve their own skills and knowledge to expand their contributions. All of the regular crew take M work home and borrow technical books to study. One Elizabeth McCarthy attended a 1999 workshop on archaeological illustration at the center for American Archaeology. r The Fall of 1993 saw a statewide observance of Archaeology Week, and SWFAS and the Museum participation was wholehearted; Museum grounds were packed with exhibits and demonstrations, and lab workers showed the public all aspects of artifact analysis. All subsequent Archaeology Week observances saw open houses at the lab, with special exhibits and talks in the Museum lecture hall. November, exhibits were placed on the porch during the Museum's Old Florida Days observance, netting a good audience, a practice repeated in following years. HISTORY OF THE CRAIGHEAD LABORATORY: PART VI by Arthur R. Lee SWFAS Newsletter, May 2000 Computers In its very early days, the Museum passed on to the lab a computer surplus to its needs. It was full - sized, too big for the space that could be made for it, and soon was returned. As time went on and the boxes of artifacts to be analyzed grew in number, it was becoming evident to all that hand figuring was resulting in too many answers for the same problems. So, after Capt. Carl Johnson of Bonita Springs in 1993 wrote "Computer Whiz" on his membership application form, he was immediately put to work. Packet Pg. 402 22.A.2 Special analysis forms were prepared to feed information into his high-powered machine and the resulting relationship between him and the lab has proved to be permanent, and strengthened by the support Jack Thompson was able to provide after his retirement from the business world. There was still a need for an inhouse machine, so the lab went abegging. A local computer shop in 1995 donated a (what turned out to be a very) used computer, and Lynn Lee located a table slender enough and with wheels that could be rolled into the closet for safekeeping when not in use. However, the computer was so antiquated and unreliable that when, in 1999, it refused to turn on its monitor, no tears were shed as it was sent on its way to a vocational school for cannibalizing. The board of directors voted for funds for a new one and it is now in operation equipped to work in tandem with Captain Carl. In this recitation the phrase "SWFAS volunteers" or the word "workers" have been used, with little attempt at individual identification, which obviously, given the stretch of time involved could not complete. During the construction and furnishing phases no personnel records were kept, although later on the Museum wanted a record made of SWFAS workers, in their role as Museum Volunteers, which imposed a discipline of sorts. Given these limitations, no attempt will be made here to provide a complete list of those whocu contributed to creation of the lab as an entity, or its function. However, there are many names which o crop up repeatedly in accounts of various phases of lab development and which merit inclusion in this account. Work on refurbishing the interior and construction of the back steps and the ill-fated CU "Indian mound", as an example, involved Alice Ash, Paul Benedict, James and John Beriault, Virginia a Beville, Walter Buschelman, Travis Doering, Ron Jamro, Elvin Konen, Aer and Lynn Lee, Virginia Read, Leo Ruble, Charlie Strader, Jack and Dottie Thompson, Anne and Keith Waterhouse and Mary Z Ruth Winchell. With actual lab operation some of those named dropped out of the record, and others o appeared, such as Jean Belknap, Mary Buschelman and Ray Seguin. Bud and Shirley House won Mn the award for having traveled the greatest distance- from St. James City — to attend an early "wash r in", nosing out Gary Susdorf and his son Brian of Ft. Myers. Added to the roster of those helping M when the lab was moved to its present location were Dan Catino, John Dante, Valerie Flanigan, P.W. 514 Quails, and Gail Strader. Later affairs attracted Liz Allgeir, Sylvia Ansey, Linda Ballou, Lelia Conrade, Jo Ann Grey, Barb and Chuck Hostler, Jim Long, Melvin and Jackie Milstein, Suzanne Morrow, Virginia Reed, Terry Sachko, Doris Smith, Dr. Aubrey and Doris Sparks, Ev Ulinger, Suzan Watts and Eleanore Young. When operations became more formalized, an "honor roll" was set up at the instigation of Bud House, listing on bronze tabs the names of those who have rung up 200 hours or more of lab time. That list currently has these names: Ella May Ablahat, Jean Belkman, John Dante, Jan Gooding, Art and Lynn Lee, Elizabeth McCarthy, Lois Polewka and Jack Thompson. SHARK TEETH AND VOODOO These names do not constitute a full roster of those that have helped make the lab what it is, but they E_ are what has floated to the surface of meager records and a fallible memory. An interesting side note E on human nature has been provided by the makeup of lab workers. Those who slug through theCU detail, day in and day out, are willing to put up with something less than climactic excitement to a achieve the end result — another footnote in the history of this area, another view of it early inhabitants. Through their lens, minor changes in pottery decoration, identification of an animal tooth, loom large. Packet Pg. 403 22.A.2 Some come to the lab in search of peace. Over time we have been helped by individuals recently displaced physically, who are still adjusting to this part of the world. Others have found it to be a place where physical wounds can heal; there have been several who have there waited out a time of recuperation analyzing shell or bone. Visitors, too, arrive through varied motivation. Several times a year the lab is visited by people who have found something on the beach; some leave overjoyed at having found something identifiable with the ancient people; others are disappointed at not having discovered an object that they could sell for thousands. There is a thin but steady stream of visitors who have found everything from a carved voodoo fetish to a silver Calusa tablet; the state's mines provide a continuing flow of people referred to the lab by the Museum with their Pleistocene shark's teeth or bits of mastodon; Jean Belknap's reference books are of great service to them. In this regard, and in maintaining an informative display of objects in the large window, the lab serves as a contributing adjunct to the Museum, as do its occasional symposia and lectures. The Museum is one of the few in the United States to have its own archaeological laboratory. SWFAS's formal reports are published as a part of a Museum technical reports series. A subliminal message is passed to those who look through the window at the workers inside: "Here are grown people putting in time and effort to learn and preserve the history of this place." (One member of a fourth - grade class looking at the people at their tables, asked: "Are they real?") Archaeology classes from the Florida Gulf Coast University have a chance to see the physical — as opposed to the classroom and textual side of the profession. HISTORY OF THE CRAIGHEAD LABORATORY: PART VII by Arthur R. Lee, SWFAS Newsletter, June 2000 A PEAK UNDER THE CURTAIN Are there more tangible evidences of the results of these efforts by so many over such a long span of time? Lab workers have no way of knowing all of the uses to which their contributions to other organizations' projects have been put, but it has pleased them to identify some of their work in others' reports. In a field which yields many suggestions, hints, and possibilities, it is highly satisfying to reflect on solid findings. Like discovering identical mid/late Archaic tool manufacturing techniques on sand dunes on both Marco and Useppa Islands, separated by many miles; like confirming pottery differences which help in delineating the line between Glades and Caloosahatchee areas; of raising at least the fringe of the curtain hiding the events of the mid - Archaic period which saw the tumultuous transition between the early Archaic era with its upland oriented culture and the well -watered terminal Archaic period whose people looked to the sea. Lab workers have watched the development of estuaries and shallow watery meadows by their identification of shellfish remains; seen how voyagers packed their trail food, read the rise and fall of sea levels in the changes of shellfish harvests; spotted crossroad meeting places between East coast and the Southwest populations. They believe they have worked out at least the approximate location of early waterways, and having seen the shift from societies using no ceramics to those making fiber tempering, and finally sand tempering — a sequence known elsewhere, now more firmly established in Southwest Florida. The discovery of Lucy? Not exactly. But maybe a chromosome or two? Which is a way of responding to the question as to weather the lab has been fulfilling the mission it accepted at the outset: Advancing the cause of archaeology in this part of the world, and helping the Museum to meet its function of preserving history and imparting knowledge of it. Packet Pg. 404 22.A.2 VISIT TO HISTORIC SITES/MUSEUMS https://colliermuseums.com/ Collier County Museum At the Government Center 3331 Tamiami Trail East, Naples, FL 34112 1 239-252-8476 Tues-Sat 9 AM - 4 PM Collier County Museum at The Government Center Website Description: Nestled on five acres of native Florida landscaping, the Collier Museum at Government Center offers exhibits and galleries that capture the full panorama of local history. Stalk prehistoric mastodons with Florida's first big -game hunters, or travel even further back in time, when colossal sharks cruised the warm tropical seas that once covered Southwest Florida. See ancient tools and ceremonial masks and dig up the facts about the Calusa Indian civilization that flourished here. Trace America's little-known wars in South Florida, the heroic journey of the Seminole people, and the origins behind traditional crafts like patchwork, once laboriously stitched together on hand -cranked sewing machines. Exhibits also explore the daily lives — and utter isolation — of early settlers and their families as they arrived on this watery frontier a hundred years ago and the vision of a self-made multi -millionaire who dreamed of taming a wilderness swampland the size of Delaware. Along the way, meet the hardy and colorful folk — the cattlemen, clam diggers, trail blazers, plume hunters, hermits, loggers, railroaders, rum runners, Crackers and Indian traders — who wrote the pioneer history of Collier County. Pack a picnic and linger a while in the museum's shady backyard. Then do a little exploring on your own around our native gardens, The Deuce steam engine, historic Kokomis boat, rugged swamp r buggy, restored Naples cottages, reconstructed Seminole War Fort, World War 11 Sherman tank, and LO more. *More information about The Collier County Museum at the Government Center can be found it Visitor Guide and Museum map on the followed pages. Packet Pg. 405 22.A.2 Q COUNTY / MUSEUMS I IMES • EVERGIADES • RWOKAIEE NAPIES DEPOT • MARf01SIAND VISITOR GUIDE 3331 Tamiami Trail East Naples, FL 34112 Hours of Operation: 9:ooam-4:oopm Monday -Saturday www.colliermuseums.com WELCOME TO THE COLLIER MUSEUM AT GOVERNMENT CENTER! Established in 1977, the Collier Museum at Government Center preserves and interprets the history, archaeology and development of Florida's "last frontier". Today, the original facility has grown to a five - acre historical park offering a full range of educational exhibits, family activities and cultural programs. LOGGING LOCOMOTIVE: Built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works around igio, Steam Engine Number 2, the "Deuce", is a favorite attraction and an important reminder of the County's cypress logging industry. M N GEORGE G. HUNTOON GALLERY: The restored 194os-era Naples home permanently displays the extensive marine and wildlife taxidermy collection of Dr. Earl L. Baum. SWAMIS BUGGY: This early example was built in the 1920's to haul cypress fence posts out of low-lying swamps and grasslands. CRAIGHEAD LABORATORY: The restored field laboratory of noted Everglades' scientist and scholar, Dr. Frank C. Craighead, Sr., is staffed and operated by volunteers from the Southwest Florida Archaeological Society. The working lab offers weekly demonstrations on artifact collection, identification and conservation. Open Tuesday mornings. Phone: 239-252-8517 NATIVE FLORIDA GARDEN: This living memorial to Dr. Frank C. Craighead, Sr. features a teaching garden of tree and plant communities native to the South Florida environment. KOKOMIS: Historic Keewaydin Boat. The 27400t wooden boat has an 18-person capacity. It was constructed of yellow pine, Florida mahogany and native cypress wood in 1934 by Walter Surrency to provide transportation for guests and supplies to Keewaydin. The design was based on the glass bottom boats from the Silver Springs tourist attraction. The shallow draft was considered ideal ferrying passengers across the Gordon Pass and into Keewaydin Cove. Packet Pg. 406 22.A.2 NAPLES COTTAGE: Rescued from demolition in 19go, this 192,6 cottage is uniquely modern for it, period with indoor plumbing, indoor kitchen, electricity and screened -in porch. Photographs of earl, Naples and its first "snowbirds" illustrate the development of the once quiet town. SHERMAN TANK: The Museum's World War II tank is a fully restored model M4A3E8 also known a; the "Easy Eight" or "Super Sherman." This particular tank was built by American Steel Foundries ii Granite City, IL, and was the first model to be fitted with wider, center -guided tracks, a completely nevi turret, and an improved horizontal volute spring. suspension (HVSS). Its high velocity 76mm cannot could penetrate up to four inches of steel armor at a distance of i,000 feet. SUGAR CANE PRESS: The animal powered cane grinder squeezed the juice from raw cane. The juic( was boiled down to produce sugar, molasses or sugar loaf. An ideal crop for the Florida frontier, sugar cane grew well, could be harvested for several years from the original plantings, shipped easily and di( m° not spoil. G SEMINOLE VILLAGE: Traditional log cabins and walled lodges were abandoned by the Seminole it y south Florida in favor of small, cypress pole huts or chickees with palm -thatched roofs and open side, a to let cooling breezes through. A raised floor or platform helped keep the family dry from high water. I separate chickee with an open-ended roof was used for cooling. o 0 SEMINOLE WAR FORT: Our replica Seminole War fort is built in the most common style. Thes( rough outposts were hastily constructed to provide protection to soldiers and supplies. a SUMMER KITCHEN & SUGAR CANE BOILER: Boiling raw sugarcane juice into cane syrup was a hot rM all -day task, but some pioneer families still continue the tradition. The juice is stirred over a low fir( 'o until it thickens into syrup. As the syrup boils, the froth is slammed from the surface while sediment,, drop to the bottom of the kettle. About ten gallons of cane juice is needed to produce one gallon o: syrup. Cane syrup was an important ingredient in the pioneer diet and a favorite topping on homemad( W biscuits. A QUICK HISTORY OF COLLIER COUNTY PREHISTORIC LAND AND SEA Southwest Florida was shaped and reshaped by centuries of flooding during the Ice Ages. Each time the polar ice sheets reformed and lowered the surrounding sea level, another layer of sand and shell was deposited, creating the limestone and sandy'sediment that underlie much of Collier County today. The southern tip of Florida was last submerged about a5,000 years ago. THE AMERICAN SERENGETI Rich fossil finds show that this region was once home to camels, mastodons, mammoths and wild horses. The animal population reached its peals during the Pleistocene Period about io,000 years ago, when the number and variety of animals here approached that of the big game region of the African Serengeti. Gradual changes in climate and vegetation contributed to their extinction. Packet Pg. 407 22.A.2 SOUTH FLORIDWS FIRST PEOPLE . The first humans reached Southwest Florida at least io,000 years ago, when the climate was colder and drier. Living in small, widely scattered bands, these first Floridians or Paleoindians, survived by hunting and fishing and by gathering wild plant foods. The earliest archaeological evidence of man in Collier County was discovered in 198o at. the Bay West Site, northeast of Naples. M THE CALUSA Centuries before Columbus, Florida's lower Gulf Coast was controlled by the powerful Calusa Indians. Once numbering as many as io,000 people, the Calusa were ruled by a single chief, supported by a nobility and strong military force. They dug canals, built huge mounds of shell and earth for their temples and important buildings, and collected tribute from towns and villages reaching all the way across southern Florida to the Atlantic. Highly skilled artisans carved elaborate masks and objects for religious and ceremonial purposes. EUROPEAN ARRIVAL Juan Ponce de Leon discovered and claimed Florida for Spain in 1513 and led the first recorded European exploration of the Gulf coast. He returned to colonize Southwest Florida in 1521, but was mortally wounded by Calusa warriors. Other. Spanish explorers attempted the conquest of Florida over the next forty years. The expeditions failed, but. decades of warfare, enslavement and runaway epidemics of European diseases destroyed the Calusa and their culture. THE SEMINOLES By the early r7oos, small bands of Creels Indians from Georgia and Alabama began making their way into Florida. Eventually, these breakaway groups of Indians joined with escaped black slaves and refugees from other tribes to forge a new identity known as the Seminole. Ongoing disputes and skirmishes with white settlers eventually led to government pressure to move the Seminoles to reservations west of the Mississippi River. THE SEMINOLE WARS N Risking death over deportation, vastly outnumbered Seminole war parties fought the U.S. Army to a stalemate in the longest, bloodiest and most expensive Indian war in U.S. history. A chain of forts along the fringes of Collier M County was reactivated when a third and final fight with the Seminoles broke out in 1855. The few surviving N Seminoles found refuge deep in the Everglades and Big Cypress Swamp where they developed a culture uniquely suited to the climate and terrain, of south Florida. �c LIFE ON THE FLORIDA FRONTIER Southwest Florida remained virtually uninhabited until after the Civil War when handfuls of farmers and squatters began making their way south in mule wagons, ox carts or sailboats. Early pioneers -fished and hunted for a living, raised crops of cabbage, peppers, tomatoes and pineapples, dug clams, made charcoal, sold bird plumes and trapped otters and alligators for their pelts and hides. Trading posts. started by Ted Smallwood on Cholcoloskee Island and George Storter at Everglade became important gathering places for the few isolated settlers and Indians. By the late i88os, Naples and Marco Island were already gaining popularity as winter resorts for wealthy Northerners and sportsmen. THE TROPICAL RANGE Cattle ranching is one of Collier County's oldest industries. By the early lgoos, ranchers like Bob Roberts, Jehu Whidden and Robert Carson were grazing herds of scrub cattle on the open prairies around Immokalee. Railroads improved the access to market in the 1g2os and helped raise the County's beef cattle industry to national importance by the end of World War II. NEW DIRECTIONS Packet Pg. 408 Collier County's creation in i92,3 and its early economic growth were closely tied to Memphis -born milli22.A.2 Barron Gift Collier. With his fortune from.streetcar advertising, Collier introduced paved roads, electric power, telegraphs and countless new businesses, and homeowners to Florida's last frontier. The completion of the Tamiami Trail in 19a8 also unlocked the region's enormous agricultural and resort potential. Florida's first commercial oil well was brought in at Sunniland in 1943, and Collier County's cypress logging industry flourishes at Copeland well into the 1950s. o ONLY YESTERDAY World War II introduced hundreds of servicemen to Naples and Collier County when the U.S. Army Air Field (now Naples Airport) was activated in i943 to train combat pilots. At one point, several hundred men and 75 aircraft were assigned to the Naples base. Many veterans returned after the war as prospective homebuyers and businessmen. A direct hit by Hurricane Donna in z96o, actually stimulated Naples' growth with an infusion of insurance money and loans. MODERN COLLIER COUNTY In the short span of thirty years, the number of County residents swelled from 6,488 in 1950 to a phenomenal 85,000 in i98o, and 357,000 as of 2ox5. The County seat was transferred from Everglades City to East Naples in 1962, and signaled a new era of sustained growth in agriculture, tourism, and real estate that have made Collier County one of the fastest developing areas in the nation. Ln M LO N Packet Pg. 409 22.A.2 b c 0 a- � �Uzvo jJ ouvo 0 E E ) m 0 E � ti u n � m 2>.�.JO=�Ua" C N W) M LO Packet Pg. 410 22.A.2 VISIT TO HISTORIC SITES/MUSEUMS CONTINUED Other Collier County museums: IMMOKALEE PIONEER MUSEUM AT ROBERTS RANCH 1215 Roberts Avenue West, Immokalee, FL 34142 1 239-252-2611 Tues-Sat 9 AM - 4 PM Immokalee, Collier County's largest inland community, has long been linked with sprawling cattle ranches and a thriving agricultural economy. First occupied by the Calusa Indians and later by the Seminole, the area has seen a colorful mix of hunters, trappers, cowmen, missionaries and Indian traders since it was first settled in 1872. Early pioneers renamed the town `Immokalee" in 1897 after a Seminole word meaning "my home" or "his home." Originally home to cattleman Robert Roberts and his family, this 13-acre historic site and museum (the longest running ranch in South Florida) provides visitors with a rare opportunity to experience daily working life on a Southwest Florida pioneer homestead and citrus grove from the early 1900s. Exhibits, programs, and fifteen carefully preserved original buildings and features tell r the story of the cow hunters, ranchers and pioneer -spirited families who struggled to M tame this vast wilderness prairie on the edge of the Big Cypress Swamp. y The Immokalee Pioneer Museum at Roberts Ranch is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is located in downtown Immokalee, a scenic 44-mile drive east of Naples. Packet Pg. 411 22.A.2 Roberts Ranch Immokalee Pioneer Museum 1. Visitor Center Centro de Visitantes 2. Horse Barn Establo de Caballos 3. Hide House Casa de piel de Vaca 4. Summer Kitchen Cosina de Verano S. Farm Equipment Herramientas de Granja 6. Cane Boiler Caldera de Cana de Azucar 7. Cane Mill Molino de cana 8. Bunkhouse Casa de Literas 9. Horse Ramp Rampa para Caballos 10. Roberts Home Casa de Roberts 11. Maid's House Casa del Ayudante 12.Outhouse Bano de afuera 13. Chicken Coop Gallinero 14. Smokehouse Fumador 1S. Washhouse Lavadero 16. Garage Garaje 17. Tractor Shed Cobertizo de Tractores Welcome to the Immokalee Pioneer Museum at Roberts Ranch! Because they found the nutrient dense land a perfect environment for agriculture and livestock, hunters, cowmen, ranchers, missionaries and Indian traders began settling here in 1872. This area was known as Gopher Ridge, but the name later changed to Immokalee in 1897, meaning "My Home" in Seminole. LOT_ M LO Flk Roberts Ranch was originally the home of Robert Roberts and his family that was donated to Collier County Q for educational purposes in 1996. This 13-acre historic site offers permanent and rotating exhibits and 17 well-preserved buildings. This map indicates the order that is recommended to walk about the acreage, but you're free to explore the property as best suits you. If you have any questions don't be afraid to ask! Packet Pg. 412 22.A.2 NAPLES DEPOT MUSEUM 1051 Fifth Avenue South, Naples, FL 34102 1 239-252-8419 Temporarily Closed (at time of date: 4-12-2023) Long hidden on the fringe of Florida's Gulf Coast and overlooked by developers until well into the 1880s, Naples' catalyst for settlement finally arrived forty years later when two rival railroads rolled into town within ten days of each other. Set in Naples' restored Seaboard Air Line Railway passenger station, the Naples Depot Museum welcomes visitors back to the railroading boom days of the Roaring Twenties and explains how generations of Southwest Floridians used technology and transportation to conquer a vast and seemingly impenetrable frontier. Seminole dugout canoes, a mule wagon, antique swamp buggy, restored rail cars and exciting interactive exhibits tell the story of how trade and travel transformed Naples from a napping village of 300 souls into today's glittering Gulf Coast resort The Naples Depot Museum is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is conveniently located in downtown Naples. Also located on site is the Naples Train Museum. This privately operated museum features an interactive model layout and train ride for children. M U) N For more information, visit the Naples Depot Museum's website: https://napiestrainmuseum.org/ Packet Pg. 413 22.A.2 MUSEUM OF THE EVERGLADES 105 West Broadway Avenue, Everglades City, FL 34139 1 239-252-5026 Tues-Sat 9 AM - 4 PM Take a leisurely drive across the "River of Grass" and spend a lazy afternoon exploring the rich history of nearby Everglades City. Once accessible only by boat, this remote frontier trading town took an ambitious new turn in 1923 as the base of operations for county founder Barron Gift Collier's construction of the Tamiami Trail (present-day US Highway 41) — a road across the Everglades. First opened in 1927 as a commercial laundry, the building that now houses Museum of the Everglades is one of several historic structures still standing as a testament to the town's time as a once -bustling center of business and the region's first County seat. The museum's permanent and rotating exhibits provide visitors with an in-depth look at over 2, 000 years of human history in the area and tell the stories of those adventurous enough — and tenacious enough — to settle "Florida's Last Frontier". Faithfully restored to its original, 1920s Collier -era appearance, the museum is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is located 35 miles east of downtown Naples and less than 100 miles from Miami. MARCO ISLAND HISTORICAL MUSEUM y 180 South Heathwood Drive, Marco Island, FL 34145 1 239-252-1440 M Tues-Sat 9 AM - 4 PM N Long famous for its Key Marco Cat — one of the most remarkable and influential discoveries in North American archaeology — the Marco Island Historical Museum explores Southwest Florida's Calusa Indians and brings this vanished civilization to life with informative displays and an exciting recreated village scene. Permanent and traveling exhibits trace the settlement of this subtropical island paradise from its early pioneer roots as a fishing village, pineapple plantation and clam cannery, through its explosive growth and development in the 1960s by the Miami -based Deltona Corporation. For more information, visit Marco Island Historical Society Marco Island Museum page: https://themihs.info/museum/ Packet Pg. 4 pae0g u0!;enJOSOM !e0!6o!oaey0aV pue OIJ04SIH 6S£SZ) MOEd epue6V leu!j £ZOZ I!jdV BdVH :;uawy0e44V � N ° v� a° 'o_I L a O p" F o F o g o u � _� � u IL O w a ooU w o a H w 0 T k C 7 0 0 a OHii p a�i °y-o W c7 o y o5^UU 1 z w 3 °� x [x. o v F ao v 0 b '^. R C t° y y -o 'O C E+ O 0. . o b o m W x° ° x r o o v w° O C 4 oo OF VVV j 5 p eo v d c S U .......... ° ... A 3 U 0 .c .T T U ,� ., ., o v � x v r°. ' l m v� o R C.J W o zw w w z w � W U � x z N yaQ w a w w w F 0 O w t07 O F a Vw1 A z 2 W a W Ln a y ] o z w � a ~ 9 a 0 U 0 y "c u C z .. o V] 3 0 0 o o 5 " o u P4 c C 7 � o I-" — @m,uqeAJ _a A:&,_,OJV Pue OPOISM,S r Aadmu«V A!=l EZOZ I!jdV am #_gmV — \ � n £ \ \ >ƒ2 ;@«,f 01 �(ƒ() \ \ §®_) !z7/ /4/}: 22.A.2 HISTORIC SITE LOCATIONS Ochopee Post Office 38000 Tamiami Trail E, Ochopee, FL 34141 1 (239) 695-2099 The Atlantic Coastline Depot 102 Collier Ave, Ochopee, Florida 34141 Naples Historical Society's Historic Palm Cottage 137 12th Ave South, Naples, FL 34102 1 (239) 261-8164 Smallwood's Store 360 Mamie Rd, Chokoloskee, FL 34138 1 (239) 695-0016 The Olde Marco Inn 100 Palm Street, Marco Island 1 (239) 394-3131 JT's Island Store in Chokoloskee (J T's Island Grill And Gallery) 238 Mamie St, Chokoloskee, FI 34138 1 (239) 695-3633 Nehring GardensDr. Nehrling - Nehrling Gardens AKA: Caribbean Gardens/Naples Zoo 1590 Goodlette-Frank Rd, Naples, FL 34102 1 (239) 262-5409 r LO M LO N Packet Pg. 7