Spec Master Minutes 01/06/2006
January 6, 2006
TRANSCRIPT OF THE MEETING OF THE
COLLIER COUNTY SPECIAL MASTER
Naples, Florida, January 6, 2006
LET IT BE REMEMBERED, that the Collier County Special Master
in and for the County of Collier, having conducted business herein, met on
this date at 8:45 AM in REGULAR SESSION in Building "F" of the
Government Complex, East Naples, Florida, with the following members
present:
SPECIAL MASTER: Honorable Brenda Garretson
COUNTY STAFF PRESENT:
Jason Bires, Secretary to the Special Master
1
HEARING OF THE COLLIER COUNTY SPECIAL MASTER
AGENDA
Date: January 6, 2006 8:45 A.M.
Location: 3301 E. Tamiami Trail, Naples, Florida, Collier County Government Center
Administrative Building "F", 3rd Floor
NOTE: ANY PERSON WHO DECIDES TO APPEAL A DECISION OF THE SPECIAL MASTER WILL NEED A RECORD OF
THE PROCEEDINGS PERTAINING THERETO, AND THEREFORE MAY NEED TO ENSURE THAT A VERBATIM RECORD OF
THE PROCEEDINGS IS MADE, WHICH RECORD INCLUDES THE TESTIMONY AND EVIDENCE UPON WHICH THE
APPEAL IS TO BE BASED. NEITHER COLLIER COUNTY NOR THE CODE ENFORCEMENT BOARD SHALL BE
RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING THIS RECORD.
1. CALL TO ORDER
2. PUBLIC HEARINGS
A. HEARINGS
1. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
2. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
3. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
4. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
A. HONORABLE SPECIAL MASTER BRENDA GARRETSON, PRESIDING
B. HEARING RULES AND PROCEDURES
SO 151728
GWEN NIELSEN
KELLER
ORD. SEC. 130-67
HANDICAPPED PARKING - BLOCKING ACCESS
2005100874
BETULA LLC
BOX
04-41 AS AMENDED SEC. 2.01.00
FAILURE TO PERMANENTLY REMOVE COMMERCIAL VEHICLE
2005060736
BETULA LLC
BOX
04-58 SEC. 7
F AlLURE TO OBTAIN RENTAL REGISTRATION
2005090933
JAMES A ROWE TR
BOX
04-58 SEC. 7
FAILURE TO OBTAIN RENTAL REGISTRATION
5. CASE NO: 2005100765
OWNER: ALJO INC
OFFICER: LETOURNEAU
VIOLATIONS: 04-58 SEC. 6
MINIMUM HOUSING VIOLATIONS
6. CASE NO: 2005110082
OWNER: ALJO INC
OFFICER: LETOURNEAU
VIOLATIONS: 04-58 SEC. 6
MINIMUM HOUSING VIOLATIONS
7. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
8. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
9. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
10. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
11. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
12. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
2005090757
FRYER CHUCK, INC & JACK COLBEY
OLNEY
04-58 SEC. 16
FAILURE TO MAINTAIN EXTERIOR WALLS AND ROOF
2005030060
JOAN M HANDSHA W
AMBACH
04-41 AS AMENDED SEC. 10.02.06; 04-58 SEC. 6
ACCESSORY STRUCTURE WITH NO PERMITS/UNSAFE
2005040410
DEBORAH A D'ANGELO & ANNETTE D' ANGELO
GRIMSHAW
04-58 SEC. 6
EXTERIOR OF DWELLING IS NOT MAINTAINED IN GOOD CONDITION
2005051118
JILL WEAVER TESNO
YBACETA
99-51 SEC. 7
LITTER
2005100507
TIMOTEO & GUADALUPE REZA
SYKORA
05-44 SEC. 6, 7, 8
LITTER
2005120118
PATRICK A NOBLE
FORDHAMN
04-41 AS AMENDED SEC. 2.01.00
UNLICENSEDIINOPERABLE VEHICLE PARKED IN REAR YARD OF PROPERTY
13. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
14. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
15. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
16. CASE NO:
OWNER:
OFFICER:
VIOLATIONS:
3. COMMENTS
4. NEXT MEETING DATE
January 20, 2006
5. ADJOURN
2005110328
TERESO BAUTISTA & EMILIANA LOPES V AASQUEZ
FORDHAM
04-58 SEC. 7
NO RENTAL REGISTRATION ON FILE FOR PROPERTY
2005110329
TERESO BAUTISTA & EMILIANA LOPES V AASQUEZ
FORDHAM
04-41 AS AMENDED SEC. 10.02.06
STRUCTURE ALTERED WITHOUT PERMITS
2005061003
JEAN LOUIS & ADELE GILLES
FORDHAM
04-41 AS AMENDED SEC. 2.01.00
UNLICENSEDIINOPERABLE VEHICLES BEING PARKED ON PROPERTY
2004100207
FRVG, LLC
PATTERSON
04-41 AS AMENDED SEC. 10.02.06
THREE WALL SIGNS AND ELECTRIC SIGN WITHOUT PERMITS
January 6, 2006
1. CALL TO ORDER
A. The Meeting was called to order by Honorable Special Master Brenda
Garretson at 8:45 AM. All those testifying at these proceedings today did so
under oath.
B. Hearing Rules and Regulations were given by Special Master Garretson.
BREAK FOR STIPULATIONS - 8:51 A.M.
Special Master Garretson gave the Respondents an opportunity to speak
with their Investigating Officer before conducting the Hearing for a
Resolution by stipulation; looking for Compliance without being punitive.
RECONVENED 9:09 A.M.
2. PUBLIC HEARINGS
STIPULA TIONS
7. Case #2005090757 - BCC vs. Frver Chuck. Inc & Jack Colbev
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator John Olney who
was present.
The Respondent was present.
Violation(s): 04-58 Sec. 16
Failure to Maintain Exterior Walls and Roof
The Officer testified that Mr. Colbey notified him that a coat of paint has been
applied to the structure, he will verify the statement.
The Respondent replied that permits are in process for a Beach Clothier to
occupy the structure.
A stipulation was agreed upon by the Respondent
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation on or
before January 20,2006 or afine of $50. 00 per day will be imposedfor each
day the violation remains thereafter. Respondent is ordered to pay operational
cost in the amount of $179.59 incurred by Code Enforcement during the
prosecution of this case on or before February 7,2006. The respondent must
notify Code Enforcement within 24 hours of abatement to confirm compliance.
4. Case #2005090933 - BCC vs. James A Rowe TR
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Box who was
present.
The Respondent was also present.
Violation(s): 04-58 Sec. 7
2
January 6,2006
Failure to Obtain Rental Registration
A stipulation was agreed upon by the Respondent.
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, and finding the violation
did exist, but was CORRECTED prior to today's hearing, respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to pay operational cost in the
amount of$194.47 incurred by Code Enforcement during the prosecution of
this case on or before February 7, 2006
10. Case #2005051118 - BCC vs. Jill Weaver Tesno
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Ybaceta who was
present.
The Respondent waived her appearance based on the stipulation.
Violation(s): 99-51 Sec. 7
Litter
The Officer testified that the Respondent has contacted him regarding the
violation having been abated. He will verify the statement within 5 days.
A stipulation was agreed upon by the Respondent
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation by
removing debris on or before January 11, 2006 or afine of $1 00. 00 per day
will be imposed for each day the violation remains thereafter. Respondent is
ordered to pay operatiollal cost in the amount of$219.29 incurred by Code
Enforcement during the prosecution of this case on or before February 7,
2006. The respondent must notify Code Enforcement with ill 24 hours of
abatement to confirm compliance.
PUBLIC HEARINGS ACCORDING TO AGENDA
1. Case # SO 151728 - BCC vs. Gwen Nielsen
This Hearing was requested by the Respondent who was not present.
Officer Keller present.
Violation(s): Ord. Sec. 130-67
Handicapped Parking - Blocking Access
The Officer testified that the Respondent's vehicle was parked, blocking the
handicapped parking next to it. Photographs demonstrated.
The Respondent mailed in a letter that Special Master Garretson read into the
record stating:
"I am writing in regards to this parking ticket I received in front of Michael's
Craft Store in Naples Florida. I have a witness that will testify I was not parked
3
January 6, 2006
in the handicapped parking zone. There are two spots in front of the store on
either side of one and other with the handicapped sign and blue lines. I was
parked next to it with the faded white crossing lines to my right."
The parking was to her left.
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is to pay afine of $250.00. Respondent is
ordered to pay operational cost in the amount of $50. 00 incurred by Code
Enforcement during the prosecution of this case.
5. Case #2005100765 - BCC vs. Alio Inc
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Jeff Letourneau
who was present.
The Respondent was not present.
Violation(s): 04-58 Sec. 6
Minimum Housing Violations
The Officer stated that they have no record of Juanita Rivera being a legal
representative of Aljo Inc. October 13, 2005 while meeting with the property
manager of the time, a resident requested an inspection at 602 Finch Dr. He
observed the following violations: No kitchen cabinets, no hot water, no heating
equipment, no light in kitchen, wires hanging from sealing, two interior doors
missing, holes in bathroom floors, bathroom sink not working, tub rotting and
cracked, and no smoke detectors. Notice of violation was mailed certified, with
the green card returned, and the property was posted. It appears that no one is
living in the trailer at this time but the violations stilI remain.
Juanita Rivera was not accepted as a legal representative, she then gave a letter to
Special Master Garretson.
The case will be taken under advisement.
6. Case #200511082 - BCC vs. Alio Inc
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Jeff Letourneau
who was present.
The Respondent was not present.
Violation(s): 04-58 Sec. 6
Minimum Housing Violations
The Officer stated that the attendant of the mobile home called for an inspection.
He observed the following violations: two stove burners out, no electric in the
second bedroom, hallway lights out, numerous outlets not working, leaky roof,
numerous interior doors in disrepair, missing screens, missing porch screens,
water damage to sealing and walls, insect infestation, and no working smoke
detectors. Notice of violation was mailed certified, with the green card returned,
and the property was posted. Unsure if violations have been abated.
4
January 6, 2006
The case will be taken under advisement.
8. Case #2005030060 - BCC vs. Joan Handshaw
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Ambach who was
present.
The Respondent was not present.
Violation(s): 04-41 As amended Sec. 10.12.03: 04-58 Sec. 6
Accessory Structure with No PermitslUnsafe
Officer Ambach testified that the case was started on February 1 th 2005. A
neighbor complained that homeless persons were living in an accessory Structure.
He found no persons in the structure but found the roof falling in, several pipes
running through the structure, and electric lines coming out of the wall onto the
grass. Contact was attempted on 3/10/05, 3/21/05, 3/23/05,4/1/05, and 4/12/0.
Ms. Handshaw was contacted on 4/18/05. Notice of violation was served with 3
weeks to abate. On May 12,2005 a two week extension was given with no fines
imparted. On May 23,2005 a second extension was given with Ms. Handshaw
appearing confused. The Department of Children and Family found Ms.
Handshaw to be of sound mind after an evaluation. He spoke with Jeffery
Handshaw, Ms. Handshaw's son on June 30, 2005 who stated unwillingness to
assist. Violations still exist. Ms. Hanshaw called the office yesterday stating she
was unable to attend the hearing with no explanation given.
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation by
obtaining appropriate permits, with removal and demolition on or before
March 7,2006 or afine of $1 00. 00 per day will be imposedfor each day the
violation remains thereafter. Respondent is ordered to pay operational cost in
the amount of$353.27 incurred by Code Enforcement during the prosecution
of this case on or before March 7,2006..
STIPULATIONS CONTINUED
2. Case #2005100874 - BCC vs. Betula LLC
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Box who was
present.
The Respondent's legal representation Gary Green was present.
Violation(s): 04-41 As amended Sec. 2.01.00
Failure to Permanently Remove Commercial Vehicle
A stipulation was agreed upon by the Respondent
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation by
removal of the vehicle from the residence on or before January 13, 2006 or a
fine of $50. 00 per day will be imposedfor each day the violation remains
thereafter. Respondent is ordered to pay operational cost in the amount of
5
January 6,2006
$221.94 incurred by Code Enforcement during the prosecution of this case on
or before February 7, 2006. The respondent must notifY Code Enforcement
within 24 hours of abatement to confirm compliance.
3. Case #2005060736 - BCC vs. Betula LLC
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Box who was
present.
The Respondent had legal representation Gary Green present.
Violation(s): 04-58 Sec. 7
Failure to Obtain Rental Registration
A stipulation was agreed upon by the Respondent
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation on or
before January 11,2006 or afine of $50. 00 per day will be imposedfor each
day the violation remains thereafter. Respondent is ordered to pay operational
cost in the amount of$235.08 incurred by Code Enforcement during the
prosecution of this case on or before February 7,2006. The respondent must
notifY Code Enforcement within 24 hours of abatement to confirm compliance.
PUBLIC HEARINGS CONTINUED
11. Case #2005100507 - BCC vs. Timoteo & Guadalupe Reza
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Carol Sykora who
was present.
The Respondent was not present.
Violation(s): 05-44 Sec. 6, 7, 8
Litter
Officer Sykora testified that the violation was litter consisting of but not limited
to tires, appliances, pool table, exercise equipment, wood, metal, various
household items, and a washer and dryer hooked up to electric outside with the
wash water draining onto the ground. A small child was in the area of the washer
and dryer. Photographs demonstrated. A notice of hearing was placed on the
fence on December 19th; shortly after the washer and dryer were gone, but litter
remained.
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation by
removing all litter to a sight for final disposal or properly store all litter within
a proper storage area on or before January 11,2006 or afine of $1 00. 00 per
day will be imposed for each day the violation remains thereafter. A fine of
$100.00 is imposed. Respondent is ordered to pay operational cost in the
amount of $178.36 incurred by Code Enforcement during the prosecution of
this case on or before February 7, 2006. The respondent must notifY Code
Enforcement within 24 hours of abatement to confirm compliance.
6
January 6, 2006
12. Case #2005120118 - BCC vs. Patrick A. Noble
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Fordhamn who
was present.
The Respondent was not present.
Violation(s): 04-41 As amended Sec. 2.01.00
Unlicensed/Inoperable Vehicle Parked in Rear Yard of Property
Photographs demonstrated by Officer Fordhamn. Notice of violation was served,
with the Respondent refusing to sign it but did take a copy. The Respondent has
refused to cooperate and ordered the Officer off of the property.
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation by having
the vehicle removed from the property, or be made operable and have a valid
license, or be placed in an enclosed structure on or before January 11, 2006 or
a fine of $1 00.00 per day will be imposed for each day the violation remains
thereafter. Respondent is ordered to pay operational cost in the amount of
$162.23 incurred by Code Enforcement during the prosecution of this case on
or before February 7,2006.
9. Case #2005040410 - BCC vs. Deborah A D' Aneelo & Annette D' Aneelo
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Grimshaw who
was present.
The Respondent was present.
Violation(s): 04-58 Sec. 6
Exterior of Dwelling is Not Maintained in Good Condition
Officer Grimshaw testified that she observed tom screen on front porch, boarded
window, unstable tree house, broken screen door, and damaged fascia. The
primary residence was posted. All repairs were made except the fence and
unstable tree house. The Respondent was advised a permit would be needed to
repair the fence. The Respondent mentioned that FP&L had notified her in
August that she was not to touch the fence due to power lines being intertwined
with it. When she contacted FP&L they said that no work was needed. After
examining the lines she concluded that they appeared to be for cable not power.
Photographs demonstrated, pointing out the tipping tree house, held up by brick
pavers.
The Respondent testified that the brick pavers exist for looks, due to her children
playing with them. She mentioned that FP&L told her not to touch the fence,
while the Officer told her to take it down herself. She also mentioned that she
was told she did not need a permit to take the fence down, she would only need
one to put up a new fence. It will be 3 weeks before someone can make repairs.
The tree house is not unstable and has existed for 20 years.
Officer Petroli noted that the Respondent could have taken out the fence piece by
piece, and that the problem has existed since April not after the hurricane.
7
"""'--,., -.' ~._""-<-<----._~----- .......
January 6, 2006
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation by
removing rotted fence and obtain appropriate permit, or repair fence and
obtain a record that you either do not need a permit or obtain a permit, and
remove all waste away from the site and remove the pavers and have the
Officers inspect the tree house, if it appears unstable then she will be recited all
must be performed on or before February 20, 2006 or a fine of $1 00.00 per day
will be imposed for each day the violation remains thereafter. Respondent is
ordered to pay operational cost in the amount of$271.18 incurred by Code
Enforcement during the prosecution of this case on or before February 20,
2006. The respondent must notifY Code Enforcement within 24 hours of
abatement to confirm compliance.
13. Case #2005110328 - BCC vs. Tereso Bautista & Emiliana Lopes VaasQuez
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Fordham who
was present.
The Respondent was not present.
Violation(s): 04-58 Sec. 7
No Rental Registration on File for Property
Officer Fordham issued a notice of violation with the Respondent denying the
need for a rental registration.
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation on or
before January 11, 2006 or a fine of $1 00.00 per day will be imposed for each
day the violation remains thereafter. The Respondent is also ordered to pay a
fine of$250.00. Respondent is ordered to pay operational cost in the amount
of$155.33 incurred by Code Enforcement during the prosecution of this case
on or before February 7,2006. The respondent must notify Code Enforcement
within 24 hours of abatement to confirm compliance.
14. Case #2005110329 - BCC vs. Tereso Bautista & Emiliana Lopes VaasQuez
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Fordhamn who
was present.
The Respondent was not present.
Violation(s): 04-41 As amended Sec. 10.02.06
Structure Altered Without Permits
Officer Fordham noted that the home was occupied by multiple renters and
reconstructed to allow for more rental units. Photographs demonstrated. He
recently learned that there had been a fire in the garage apartment, and now one
of the renting families was unable to continue to reside due to smoke. A hole had
been cut above one of the toilets in order to connect water to another apartment.
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation by
obtaining appropriate permits and inspections in order to bring the property
8
January 6,2006
into compliance with the Collier County Codes and Regulation, obtaining a
certificate of occupancy for returning it to the original state on or before
February 20,2006 or afine of $500. 00 per day will be imposedfor each day the
violation remains thereafter. The Respondent is also ordered to pay a fine of
$500.00. Respondent is ordered to pay operational cost in the amount of
$162.23 incurred by Code Enforcement during the prosecution of this case on
or before February 20, 2006. The respondent must notify Code Enforcement
within 24 hours of abatement to confirm compliance.
15. Case #2005061006 - BCC vs. Jean Louis & Adele Gilles
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Fordham who
was present.
The Respondent was present.
Violation(s): 04-41 As amended Sec. 2.01.00
Unlicensed/Inoperable Vehicles Being Parked on Property
Officer Fordham testified that a notice of violation was issued in July 2003.
Between 2003 and August of 2005 two notices were issued subsequently. Other
multiple violations of other nature were observed. Photographs demonstrated. A
Chevrolet on the property was seen unlicensed and inoperable, along with an
unlicensed truck.
The Respondent testified comprehension of the English language. She
mentioned that she was in Haiti in July and that the Chevrolet belonging to her
son has been sold. He daughter Diane translated for her. Documents were given
to Special Master Garretson.
It was noted that the truck is considered a commercial vehicle therefore can not
park on the premises.
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation on or
before January 11,2006 or afine of $1 00. 00 per day will be imposedfor each
day the violation remains thereafter. The Respondent is also ordered to pay a
fine of$250.00 on or before February 7, 2006. Respondent is ordered to pay
operational cost in the amount of $158.78 incurred by Code Enforcement
during the prosecution of this case on or before February 7, 2006. The
respondent must notifY Code Enforcement within 24 hours of abatement to
confirm compliance.
16. Case #2004100207 - BCC vs. FRVG. LLC
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Patterson who
was present.
The Respondent was not present.
Violation(s): 04-41 As amended Sec. 10.02.06
Three Wall Signs and Electric Sign Without Permits
9
January 6, 2006
The Officer testified that the violation has been abated.
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, and finding the violation
did exist, but was corrected prior to today's hearing, Respondent is found guilty
of the alleged violations and is ordered to pay operational cost in the amount of
$326.96 incurred by Code Enforcement during the prosecution of this case.
3. COMMENTS
After discussion with Officer Scribner and noting that after tenants make
complaints they no longer reside at the residence (possible eviction), Special
Master Garretson ruled as follows:
5. Case #2005100765 - BCC vs. Alio Inc
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Letourneau who
was present.
The Respondent was not present.
Violation(s): 04-58 Sec. 6
Minimum Housing Violation
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation by making
appropriate repairs to bring the property into compliance on or before January
13, 2006 or a fine of $1 000.00 per day will be imposed for each day the
violation remains thereafter. Respondent is ordered to pay operational cost in
the amount of $21 0.05 incurred by Code Enforcement during the prosecution
of this case on or before February 7,2006. The respondent must notifY Code
Enforcement within 24 hours of abatement to confirm compliance.
6. Case #2005110082 - BCC vs.
This Hearing was requested by Code Enforcement Investigator Letourneau who
was present.
The Respondent was not present.
Violation(s): 04-58 Sec. 6
Minimum Housing Violations
Finding the notice of hearing was properly served, the respondent is found
guilty of the alleged violation(s) and is ordered to abate the violation by making
necessary repairs to come into compliance on or before January 13,2006 or a
fine of $1 000.00 per day will be imposed for each day the violation remains
thereafter. Respondent is ordered to pay operational cost in the amount of
$202.82 incurred by Code Enforcement during the prosecution of this case on
or before February 7,2006. The respondent must notifY Code Enforcement
within 24 hours of abatement to confirm compliance.
10
January 6,2006
There being no further business for the good of the County, the Hearing was adjourned by
order of the Special Master at 11:16 AM.
COLLIER COUNTY SPECIAL MASTER
Jason Bires, Secretary to the Special Master
11
"'-'--"-.-".'-'-"'.._.u.u...__