Backup Documents 03/27/2018 Item #16A15 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS CHECKLIST & ROUTING SLIP
TO ACCOMPANY ALL ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS SENT TO 16 A 15
THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OFFICE FOR SIGNATURE
Print on pink paper. Attach to original document. The completed routing slip and original documents are to be forwarded to the County Attorney Office
at the time the item is placed on the agenda. All completed routing slips and original documents must be received in the County Attorney Office no later
than Monday preceding the Board meeting.
**NEW** ROUTING SLIP
Complete routing lines#1 through#2 as appropriate for additional signatures,dates,and/or information needed. If the document is already complete with the
exception of the Chairman's signature,draw a line through routing lines#1 through#2,complete the checklist,and forward to the County Attorney Office.
Route to Addressee(s) (List in routing order) Office Initials Date
1. Pawel Brzeski Capital Project Planning, Impact 35.5 03.28.18
Fees & Program Management
2 County Attorney Office County Attorney Office
CiY1rs- .2gg
3. BCC Office Board of County Commissioners AS
.1tkitS1 aCfee
4. Minutes and Records Clerk of Court's Office 3 179/ IS
S'
PRIMARY CONTACT INFORMATION
Normally the primary contact is the person who created/prepared the Executive Summary. Primary contact information is needed in the event one of the addressees
above,may need to contact staff for additional or missing information.
Pawel Brzeski Capital Project Planning,Impact Fees& Phone Number 252-2927
Program Management _
Agenda Date Item was 3.27.18 Agenda Item Number 16.A.15�
Approved by the BCC
Type of Document Agreement Number of Original 2 t/
Attached .✓' Documents Attached
PO number or account N/A
number if document is
to be recorded
INSTRUCTIONS & CHECKLIST
Initial the Yes column or mark"N/A" in the Not Applicable column,whichever is Yes N/A(Not
appropriate. (Initial) Ap licable)
1. Does the document require the chairman's original signature? 5wp ,P-g I J
2. Does the document need to be sent to another agency for addi al signatures? -s, PB A
provide the Contact Information(Name;Agency; Address; Phone)on an attached sheet.
3. Original document has been signed/initialed for legal sufficiency. (All documents to be PB
signed by the Chairman,with the exception of most letters,must be reviewed and signed
by the Office of the County Attorney.
4. All handwritten strike-through and revisions have been initialed by the County Attorney's N/A
Office and all other parties except the BCC Chairman and the Clerk to the Board
5. The Chairman's signature line date has been entered as the date of BCC approval of the PB
document or the final negotiated contract date whichever is applicable.
6. "Sign here"tabs are placed on the appropriate pages indicating where the Chairman's PB
signature and initials are required.
7. In most cases(some contracts are an exception),the original document and this routing slip N/A
should be provided to the County Attorney Office at the time the item is input into SIRE. oryln/!•
Some documents are time sensitive and require forwarding to Tallahassee within a certain
time frame or the BCC's actions are nullified. Be aware of your deadlines!
8. The document was approved by the BCC on 3.27.18 and all changes made during the PB
meeting have been incorporated in the attached document. The County Attorney's
Office has reviewed the changes,if applicable. •
9. Initials of attorney verifying that the attached document is the version approved by the '
BCC,all changes directed by the BCC have been made,and the document is ready for the 044 +
Chairman's signature. �� _
I:Forms/County Forms/BCC Forms/Original Documents Routing Slip WWS Original 9.03.04,Revised 1.26.05,Revised 2.24.05;Revised 11/30/12
MEMORANDUM 16 A 15
Date: March 29, 2018
To: Pawel Brzeski, Operations Analyst
Capital Project Planning
From: Teresa Cannon, Sr. Deputy Clerk
Minutes & Records Department
Re: Research Agreement w/Florida Gulf Coast University
Board of Trustees
Attached, for your records, please find an original of the document as
referenced above, (Item #16A15) adopted by the Board of County
Commissioners on March 27, 2018.
The second original agreement will be held in our office as part of the
Board's Official Records.
If you have any questions, please contact me at 252-8411.
Thank you.
Attachment
1`6.A.15.a
16A15
Research Agreement
Between
Collier County and
Florida Gulf Coast University Board of Trustees
THIS AGREEMENT is made by and between Florida Gulf Coast University Board of Trustees,
(hereafter "FGCU"), a public body corporate, established pursuant to Florida Statutes, whose
address is 10501 FGCU Blvd S,Fort Myers, FL 33965 and the Collier County Board of County o
Commissioners, Collier County, Florida (hereafter "County"), whose address is 3299 Tamiami
Trail East,Suite 300,Naples, FL 34112.
CD
WHEREAS, Collier County agrees to allow FGCU access to a designated location within
Freedom Memorial Park for the purpose of WETLAND RESEARCH which is specifically set7.1
forth in Exhibit A at no cost to FGCU; and
WHEREAS,the research performed by FGCU serves a valid public purpose and will benefit the
public generally. l!
NOW THEREFORE,in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained
herein, Collier County and FGCU agree as follows:
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1. Scope of Service to be Performed: FGCU will conduct the work entitled
WETLACULTURE MESOCOSM as more clearly outlined in Exhibit A. oo
of
2. Period of Service: The research may begin on April 1st 2018 with activities ending on
March 31st 2028 unless extended by written amendment or terminated sooner following 0
the termination provisions set below.
The Parties agree that research services involving vertebrate animals and/or human subjects
may not be conducted until IACUC and/or IRB approvals have been obtained.
3. Points of Contact: The following are designated as Investigators and Administrative
contacts for the purposes of this Agreement. The Investigators will be responsible for the
technical matters of the research services outlined in Exhibit A.The FGCU Investigator is d
essential to the work being performed and no change to the FGCU Investigator maybe done
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without notice to COUNTY.
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4. Investigators:
For FGCU: Dr. William J. Mitsch,Eminent Scholar and Director <14-
Everglades
Everglades Wetland Research Park
Florida Gulf Coast University
110 Kapnick Center
4940 Bayshore Drive,Naples,FL 34112
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(239) 325-1365 wmitsch@fgcu.edu
Administrative:
For FGCU: Lou Kirk,Director
Office of Research and Graduate Studies
Howard Hall 202
10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers,FL 33965-6565
(239)590-70202 lkirk@fgcu.edu E
Dr. Tachung Yih,Associate Vice President for Research
Office of Research and Graduate Studies
Howard Hall 202
10501 FGCU Boulevard South,Fort Myers,FL 33965-6565
(239)590-7020 tcyih@fgcu.edu 7-161
11)
For COUNTY: Gerald Kurtz
Stormwater Management,
Collier County Growth Management Department
2685 South Horseshoe Drive,Naples FL 34104
239-252-5860 Gerald.Kurtz@colliercountyfl.gov
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Pawel Brzeski
Stormwater Management co
Collier County Growth Management Department
2685 South Horseshoe drive,Naples FL 34104
239-252-2927 Pawel.Brzeski@colliercountyfl.gov
5. Publications: COUNTY recognizes that FGCU Investigators must have the ability to
publish research findings,results or otherwise information gained in the course of research
services performed under this agreement in scholarly journals, student theses and
dissertations,or other professional forums not so mentioned.
I-
6. Inventions and Patents:
a)No license to the other Party under any patents is granted or implied by conveying
Proprietary or other Information to that Party.
b) If an invention is conceived exclusively by the employees of one Party in connection
with the Project,title to said invention and to any patent issuing thereon shall be in the `t
inventing Party's name.
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c)In the case of joint inventions,that is inventions made jointly by one or more
employees of both Parties hereto,each Party shall have an equal, undivided interest in
and to such joint inventions.
7. Compliance with Law: The Parties shall comply with all applicable federal, state, local
laws and regulations and nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to require either
Party to violate such provisions of law or subject either Party to liability for adhering to CD
such provisions of law.Any suit or action brought by either party to this Agreement against
the other party relating to or arising out of this Agreement must be brought in the
appropriate federal or state courts in Collier County, Florida, which courts have sole and
exclusive jurisdiction on all such matters. a
8. Public Records: IF THE CONTRACTOR("FGCU")HAS QUESTIONS REGARDING
THE APPLICATION OF CHAPTER 119, FLORIDA STATUTES, TO THE
CONTRACTOR'S DUTY TO PROVIDE PUBLIC RECORDS RELATING TO THIS
CONTRACT, CONTACT THE CUSTODIAN OF PUBLIC RECORDS AT:
Citizen Liaison
44
3299 Tamiami Trail East, Suite 102
Naples, FL 34112
Phone: 239-252-8069 -43
Fax: 239-252-6929
OD
Contractor is required to comply with public records laws,specifically to:
1. Keep and maintain public records required by the public agency to perform the service. ='
2. Upon request from the public agency's custodian of public records,provide the public
agency with a copy of the requested records or allow the records to be inspected or copied
within a reasonable time at a cost that does not exceed the cost provided in this chapter or
as otherwise provided by law.
3. Ensure that public records that are exempt or confidential and exempt from public
records disclosure requirements are not disclosed except as authorized by law for the
duration of the contract term and following completion of the contract if the contractor
does not transfer the records to the public agency.
4. Upon completion of the contract, transfer, at no cost, to the public agency all public
records in possession of the contractor or keep and maintain public records required by the
public agency to perform the service. If the contractor transfers all public records to the L)
public agency upon completion of the contract,the contractor shall destroy any duplicate
public records that are exempt or confidential and exempt from public records disclosure
requirements. If the contractor keeps and maintains public records upon completion of the
contract,the contractor shall meet all applicable requirements for retaining public records.
All records stored electronically must be provided to the public agency,upon request from 5
the public agency's custodian of public records, in a format that is compatible with the
information technology systems of the public agency.
9. Independent Contractor: FGCU shall be deemed to be and shall be an independent
contractor and,as such,FGCU shall not be entitled to any benefits applicable to employees
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of Collier County; Neither Party is authorized or empowered to act as agent for the other
for any purpose and shall not on behalf of the other enter into any contract, warranty, or
representation as to any matter. Neither shall be bound by the acts or conduct of the other.
10. Insurance: In the performance of all services hereunder: E
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FGCU warrants and represents that FGCU has adequate liability insurance,such protection
being applicable to officers,employees, and agents while acting within the scope of their
employment by FGCU,and FGCU has no liability insurance policy as such that can extend
protection to any other person. v
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11. Indemnification;
1.To the extent provided by law,Collier County shall indemnify and hold FGCU harmless from
any and all claims,demands,causes of action,and damages arising out of the negligent acts itself
and its employees and agents during the term of this Agreement. Nothing contained herein shall
obligate Collier County to indemnify or in any way be liable to pay to any person or entity any
amount which exceeds the amount(s)for which Collier County could be held liable under the
provisions of Section 768.28,Florida Statutes,and nothing herein shall be read as a waiver of the
sovereign immunity beyond that provided in Section 768.28,Florida Statutes,nor will anything
herein be read as increasing the liability of Collier County to any person or entity beyond the
limits of liability for which Collier County could be held liable under Section 768.28,Florida
Statutes. Collier County is self-insured or holds commercially available coverage pursuant to m
Florida law to the limits required under section 768.28,Florida Statutes for this indemnity ,
requirement. co
of
2.To the extent provided by law,FGCU shall indemnify and hold Collier County harmless from
any and all claims,demands,causes of action,and damages arising out of the negligent or willful -o
acts of itself and its employees and agents during the term of this Agreement.Nothing contained
herein shall obligate FGCU to indemnify or in any way be liable to pay to any person or entity
any amount which exceeds the amount(s)for which FGCU could be held liable under the
provisions of Section 768.28,Florida Statutes,and nothing herein shall be read as a waiver of the
sovereign immunity beyond that provided in Section 768.28,Florida Statutes,nor will anything
herein be read as increasing the liability of FGCU to any person or entity beyond the limits of `z
liability for which FGCU could be held liable under Section 768.28,Florida Statutes. FGCU is
self-insured under Chapter 284,Florida Statutes,to the limits required under section 768.28, CD
Florida Statutes,for this indemnity requirement.
12. PERMITS:LICENSES: TAXES. In compliance with Section 218.80,Fla.Stat.,all permits
necessary for the prosecution of the Work shall be obtained by FGCU. Payment for all such
permits issued by the County shall be processed internally by the County. All non-County
permits necessary for the prosecution of the Work shall be procured and paid for by FGCU.
FGCU shall also be solely responsible for payment of any and all taxes levied on the FGCU.
In addition, FGCU shall comply with all rules, regulations and laws of Collier County, the
State of Florida, or the U. S. Government now in force or hereafter adopted. FGCU agrees
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to comply with all laws governing the responsibility of an employer with respect to persons
employed by FGCU.
13. No Discrimination.FGCU agrees that there shall be no discrimination as to race,sex,color,
veteran status,creed or national origin.
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14. Prohibition of Gifts to County Employees. No organization or individual shall offer or
give, either directly or indirectly, any favor, gift, loan, fee, service or other item of value to
any County employee, as set forth in Chapter 112, Part III, Florida Statutes, Collier County
Ethics Ordinance No. 2004-05, and County Administrative Procedure 5311. Violation of o
this provision may result in one or more of the following consequences:a.Prohibition by the
individual, firm, and/or any employee of the firm from contact with County staff for a
specified period of time; b. Prohibition by the individual and/or firm from doing business
with the County for a specified period of time, including but not limited to: submitting bids,
RFP, and/or quotes; and, c. immediate termination of any contract held by the individual a,
and/or firm for cause.
15. Termination: This Agreement may be suspended or terminated at any time by FGCU or °'
COUNTY by giving written notification to the appropriate Administrative Contact of the
other Party.
In the event that either Party shall be in breach,violation or default of any of its obligations m
under this Agreement and shall fail to remedy such default within ninety days (90) after
receipt of written notice thereof, the Party not in default (reserving cumulatively all other co
remedies and rights under this Agreement and at law and in equity) shall have the option of
terminating this Agreement upon written notice thereof.
16. Dispute Resolution: Any dispute concerning performance of the Agreement shall be
decided by the appropriate administrative officials of each party, who shall reduce any
decision to writing.
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17. Additional Terms and Conditions:
(a)This Agreement may not be assigned or transferred by one Party without the other Party's
prior written consent.The Agreement constitutes the entire understanding of the Parties with
respect to the subject matter hereof,and may be modified or amended only in a writing signed
by duly authorized representatives of both Parties.
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(b) Collier County grants FGCU limited access and limited use to an area of Freedom Park a
shown in Exhibit A. E
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(c) FGCU will operate at is sole cost and responsibility a distinct experiment (hereafter
referred to as WETALCULTURE MESOCOSM) at Freedom Park in the area described in
Exhibit A.
(d) Collier County Parks and Recreation Division has set aside a previously maintained
upland area approximately 20' x 50' in the NW corner of Freedom Park that is further
118-IMP-00211/1398240/31 GC330383 3 4
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described in Exhibit A. This area will be under the exclusive control of FGCU and will no
longer be maintained by Collier County Government entity for the duration of the
experiment.
(e) Collier County has confirmation from Florida Community Trust of compliance and
consistency with original aim of flood protection, water quality treatment and passive
recreation.
(f) FGCU will operate the WETLACULTURE MESOCOSM at its own cost and
responsibility and assumes all liability associated with the installation,operation and removal
of the WETLACULTURE MESOCOSM. §
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(g)FGCU will provide a schedule of activity and personnel expected to operate and manage
the site and shall provide such regular maintenance as required in keeping with the
surrounding area.
(h)FGCU will submit to County a technical progress report every six months summarizing
operations,observations,readings and results deliverable within 30 days of the end of rainy
and dry seasons respectively, to provide public information and education. Separate Notice
is required of any substantial site,operational or material changes.
(i) FGCU will be responsible for determining applicable City of Naples zoning regulations
and obtaining all required permits and will bear sole responsibility for fulfilling all criteria
for maintaining compliance.
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(j) FGCU will without limitation provide Collier County whatever access may be required
at,above or below ground as may be required with copies of all keys or access codes provided co
to Collier County.
(k)Collier County will continue to operate Freedom Park for its for its own purpose
(1) FGCU at its own cost will return the area to its present turfed and graded condition with a)
sole responsibility for removing all equipment and will do so within 90 days of conclusion ."
of the WETLACULTURE MESOCOSM experiment or notice to vacate. Upon vacation,the
area will be restored to its previous turfed condition and all equipment removed at sole cost
and responsibility of FGCU within the 90 day period. In the event FGCU fails in fully ,
complying with this provision, FGCU will be liable for costs incurred by Collier County in
its implementation.
18. Entire Agreement: This Agreement with its exhibits constitutes the entire agreement
between the Parties and supersedes and replaces any and all previous understandings,
commitments, or agreements,whether oral or written,relating to the performance of this
Agreement.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF,FGCU and the County,have each,respectively,by an authorized person
or agent,hereunder set their hands and seals on the date and year first above written.
BOARD OF CO I TY COMMISSIONERS
ATTEST: COLLIER C• T FLORID o
Dwight E. Brock, Clerk of Courts
By:
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ANDY SOLIS,Chairman
Attest Gs to Chairman's
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Approved as to form and 73
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ssistant County Attorney
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Colleen a El(-een 0,
Print Name
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to
Florida Gulf Coast University
Board of Trustees a°?,
By: 0t/1�
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een Burn ' '��'/r'
Associate General Counsel
Florida Gulf Coast University
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Exhibit A
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A Proposal for a Wetlaculture Mesocosm Experiment at Freedom Park,Naples,Florida
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Everglades Wetland Research Park
Florida Gulf Coast University a
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Naples,FL 34135
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1, What Is Wetlaculture?
Wetlaculture is a landscape-scale integration of wetland retention of nutrients(phosphorus and
nitrogen)from polluted agricultural and urban runoff with systematic recycling of those nutrients
to agriculture, horticulture, or forestry. Our long-term research plan involves the development of E.
interlinking physical, mathematical,and business models to optimize design parameters in £
different climates,soils, landscapes and waterscapes.The wetlaculture term comes from a)
wetlands+ agriculture. The nutrient,energy,and water fluxes in conventional agriculture is
compared to agriculture with wetlaculture systems added in Figure 1.In conventional agriculture E
(Figure 1 a), manufactured fertilizers are added to agricultural fields that produce food for the
human economy. Both runoff from agricultural fields and treated wastewater from urban
environments discharge nutrients to lakes,river,and estuaries directly with little to no recycling
of the nutrients, In this system, there is eventual oversaturation of both land and water with
nutrients, sometimes referred to legacy nutrients. These nutrients accumulate year after year in
farm fields and in sediments of lakes, rivers, and estuaries leading to persistent and almost
unsolvable harmful algal blooms(Paerl and Paul,2011; Paerl et al.,2012;Michalak et al.,2013; 701
Scavia et al.,2017; Mitsch, 2017).
Wetlaculture (Figure 1 b)utilizes wetlands to reduce some of the nutrient fluxes from JC
agriculture and cities that otherwise would go directly to lakes, rivers,and estuaries. When a
designed properly,treatment wetlands are a key way to reduce nutrients flowing to downstream
aquatic ecosystems (Pathway 1 in Figure 3b). But in most cases,we are simply replacing °
wetland and especially their soils as nutrient storage systems instead of allowing nutrients to
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accumulate in downstream ecosystems. o•n
The second aspect of wetlaculture is what distinguishes it from a linear combination of
agriculture and treatment wetlands. There is overwhelming evidence that wetlands retain
nitrogen and phosphorus for many years (summary in Mitsch and Gosselink,2015),with perhaps c0
two or three years needed for the wetland to become a sink if the wetland is constructed on high-
nutrient agricultural fields (Mitsch et al., 1998, 2015). In wetlaculture,the wetland, in x number
of years, would be"flipped"to an agricultural field, with the idea that the food-production crop
would grow well without adding any additional fertilizers on the nutrients that the wetland has
accumulated over those"x"years (pathway 2 in Figure 1 b). Then after"y"years the agricultural
field would be"flipped"back to being a wetland. Our mesocosm models especially will help us
begin to understand what those"x"and"y"years are for different climates,soils, and nutrient
loading rates.
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2. Physical and Experimental Design of Freedom Park Mesocosms
We will have designed, constructed, and be operating,by summer 2019, four wetlaculture
mesocosm compounds,two each in Ohio and Florida. We would like to have one of the Florida
sites at Freedom Park (Table 1). At the largest scale then, we will eventually be able to compare
wetlaculture in two distinct climates in eastern USA: subtropical climate of south Florida and
temperate climate of central and northwestern Ohio. That is why we need to have the same
mesocosm design at all locations.
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Figure 1. Diagram of a) current system that leads to excessive nutrients reaching our lakes, co
rivers, and estuaries, and b) treatment wetlands, integrated with agriculture (wetlaculture
landscape) that can contribute to both 1) water quality improvement by wetlands in the region ,-
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and 2) recycling of nutrients leading to reduction of the need for new fertilizer applications. -0
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The Mitsch lab (Ohio and now Florida)have has extensive experience in wetland mesocosm
models for investigating hydrologic,biogeochemical and vegetation processes in small(1 to 6
m2) wetland models in replicated experiments(Ahn et al.,2001; Svensouk and Mitsch,2001; EE
Ahn and Mitsch, 2002; Anderson and Mitsch,2005; Altor and Mitsch, 2008;Mitsch et al., 2015;
Marois et al.,2015). Such physical models have the advantage of providing replicated treatments <
while providing ample time for wetlands processes to stabilize and provide results that c
reasonably replicate larger wetland ecosystems(Ahn and Mitsch, 2002). a
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We have already installed an operating mesocosm compound at Buckeye Lake(Figure 2) and rx
have collected a full growing season of nutrient retention data at that site(Figure 3). The 28 v
mesocosms there retained 36±7%of the total phosphorus inflow and 39± 5 %of the total E
nitrogen inflow in their first growing season in 2017. A second mesocosm compound is currently
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under construction in northwest Ohio near Lake Erie and should be operational by spring 2018. aC
Freedom Park mesocosms are one of at least 2 mesocosm compounds planned for south Florida
to investigate the wetlaculture approach(Table 1).
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Table 1. Summary of 4 mesocosm wetlaculture experiments planned or already constructed in
Florida and Ohio. Wetlands mesocosms will be converted to agricultural crop mesocosms at a c
rate of two mesocosms each year beginning with the third year, pending sufficient nutrient
accumulation by the wetlands. 0
Site Name Freedom Park FL Immokalee Buckeye Lake, Defiance 01
Road, FL* OH County (near E
Lake Erie), OH o
Status Not constructed Not Constructed in Construction ou
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constructed 2016-17 underway in ai
2017-18 2
Location Freedom Park, Naples Univ.of Florida Village of Lenhart Farm in
FL Agricultural Buckeye Lake, the region of the 3
Research central Ohio, former Great 0
Center, adjacent to Black Swamp, 0
Immokalee, FL eutrophic lake Defiance, Ohio ,c
Location 26°10'31.252"N 26°27.71'N, 39°55.84'N, 41°21.71'N, a
81°47'25.403"W 81°26.16'W 82°30.07'W 84°17.95'W 0<
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Climate subtropical subtropical temperate, temperate, o
continental continental '°
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Soil unit Blanton fine sand Basinger fine Algiers silt barn Hoytville clayco
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name sand loam
Hydric soil? no yes yes yes
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Wetland Cladium jamaicense Cladium Schoenoplectus Schoenoplectus
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species to (sawgrass) jamaicense tabernaemontani tabernaemontani
be planted (sawgrass) (bulrush) (bulrush)
initially in all co
mesocosms
Probable Sugarcane Sugarcane Corn Corn c
agricultural co
crop to be 0
cycled into
mesocosms a
Water Urban runoff from Experimental High nutrient Drainage ditch E
source drainage ditch from station river(South Fork with agricultural
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Naples FL agricultural of Licking River) runoff in former tY
runoff discharging from Great Black
Buckeye Lake Swamp
* pending extramural funding
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Figure 2. Completed mesocosm compound at Buckeye Lake site in Ohio, July 2017. E
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Figure 3. Preliminary percent retention of phosphorus and nitrogen species at the Buckeye Lake
experimental mesocosms from summer/fall 2017.
4
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Location and Design of the Mesocosm Experiment at Freedom Park
The general location of the experimental mesocosms and the source of inflow water at Freedom
Park are shown in Figure 4. Its location relative to underground plumbing on a map provided by
Collier County (Figure 5) illustrates that the mesocosm tubs will not interfere with a manhole in 5
the location and will not be placed deep enough in the soil to interfere with the underground E
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ground in a 4 x 7 array with appropriate plumbing designed to deliver the desired hydraulic o
loading rates(HLR) to each of the 28 tubs installed at the location(Figure 6). The total footprint o
of the mesocosm compounds,including the water supply tanks will be about 860 square feet(18
ft x 48 ft). The mesocosm tubs will be placed in shallow holes 8 to 12 inches deep in the array
shown in Figure 6. The soil excavated from these holes will be saved to be the top soil in the a
mesocosms. We will have the appropriate amount of top soil delivered to the site to build
mounds of about 12 to 16 inches around the mesocosm tubs to insulate them from high summer c
temperatures that might affect the experiments. On the north edge of this mound,another 3-foot
mound will be constructed as the location for the water supply tanks that will feed water by 6.
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gravity to the mesocosm tubs in the proper weekly loading. We anticipate one tank will provide r�
water sufficient for the low-flow HLR to 14 mesocosms and two tanks will provide water o
sufficient for high-flow HLR to 14 mesocosms.The mesocosm compound, including the water m
tanks will be fenced with a chain link fence for protection of the research from vandalism.
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inside the green fence area in the upper center. Coordinates for the corners of the mesocosm
fenced area are also provided.
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Hydrologic experiment—The initial experiment in each of the four mesocosm compounds will a
be hydrologic--to compare high and low hydraulic loading rates (HLR)to these 28 wetland
mesocosms (Table 2). Mesocosm water levels will also be maintained at two different levels-- a
saturated soil level and 10 cm above the soil to introduce a second hydrologic variable. Water
will be delivered to each mesocosm tub via gravity from the large tanks. The tanks will be E
refilled manually at the beginning of every week to match the loading rates in Table 2. Water 0
will overflow from the mesocosm outflows within a few minutes to hours after water is added.
2
Filtered and unfiltered water samples(250 mL)will be taken in acid-washed bottles from
representative inflows and from all 28 mesocosm outflows on a biweekly basis. Water samples 47.
will be taken directly to the Everglades Wetland Research Park in Naples Florida and analyzed
for N and P(SRP,total P,NO3,TKN),and turbidity according to standard methods(U.S. EPA,
1983a, b, c as amended; APHA and AWWA, 2012). Manual measurements of pH, water
temperature, redox potential,and conductivity will be taken during each sampling period with a
YSI sonde. Soil samples will be taken every other year(surface to 20 cm)and analyzed for total a.
phosphorus,total nitrogen content periodically to determine if there is depletion or addition of
these nutrients in the wetland mesocosms.
Table 2. Hydraulic loading rates (HLR) that will be maintained at all four wetland mesocosm ••
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sites.
Flow condition Hydraulic Volume per 14 Volume per 14
loading rate mesocosms mesocosms 00
(HLR)
cm/week m3/week gal/week
High flow 30 4.2 1110
Low flow 10 1.4 370
Total flow 5.6 1479 ;'
Appropriate statistical methods will be applied to compare results from the combined effects of
the HLR and the two water depths.
Nutrient Recycling Experiment—The initial wetland vegetation that we will plant in the
mesocosms at Freedom Park will probably be sawgrass(Cladium jamaicense,Table 1). Once the
mesocosm soils begin to increase their nutrient(P and N)concentrations and/or the inflow-
outflow measurements indicate significant decreases in nutrients, we will begin to convert(flip)
4 mesocosms per year to simulated agricultural fields by turning off the inflowing water(the
mesocosm will still receive precipitation) and removing the outflow standpipe allow the soil to
drain. We will introduce agricultural crops most common in the area,probably sugar cane in this
case(see two drained mesocosms in first row in Figure 6.
We are aware that all the mesocosm models may not achieve a nutrient sink status after only 2
years of operation. Usually mesocosms take 1 or 2 years to become functional ecosystems. Based
on our previous experience with mesocosms(see discussion in Alm and Mitsch, 2002 and Mitsch
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et al., 2015),we expect that the mesocosm wetlands may reach a"maturity" after 2 to 4 years of
operation. Therefore, we will not begin this nutrient recycling of converting wetland mesocosms
annually to agricultural crops (hence the name "wetlaculture") until the wetlands have achieved a
full two or three years of nutrient retention, i.e., the outflow is greater than the inflow.A
potential time frame for this experiment could be 10 years, but we will investigate progress of a)
nutrient retention,wetland productivity, and agricultural production on an annual basis. Because E
there are 28 mesocosm tanks, "flipping"four of the tanks annually means that this experiment
can run for up to 7 years of sequential conversion to agriculture if we continue to obtain useful Q
data on the time span between wetlands and agriculture. The possible scheduling of changing E
some of the mesocosms to agriculture is illustrated in our project schedule shown in Table 3. v
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The possible scheduling of changing some of the mesocosms to agriculture is illustrated in our l
project schedule shown in Figure 7. The experiment could be terminated by either FGCU or
Collier County with 90-day notice. FGCU will agree to remove all material related to this o
experiment when the study is complete. a
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Figure 7. Potential 10-year time frame of the wetlaculture experiment of exchanging wetlands
for agriculture. The length of the study will depend on whether we continue to get data useful to
determine the time span between mesocosms as wetlands and as agriculture. Green squares
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indicate academic semester when 4 wetland mesocosms would be flipped to agriculture if
sufficient nutrients are accumulated.
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4. Broader Impacts for Collier County Reputation,Protecting the Environment, E
Sustainable Agriculture and State/National/International Research Collaboration at
Freedom Park d
The physical modeling research described here of integrating wetland nutrient removal by R
wetlands with recycling of those nutrients to agriculture provides a middle ground that allows for to
ecosystem services of wetlands to be utilized in conjunction with a more sustainable agriculture w
to provide cleaner water in our lakes,reservoirs, estuaries, and rivers,but also economic c
incentives for farmers. The net result could be increased wetland conservation, more sustainable c
food production,and lower energy costs for water quality improvement. u
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We expect this mesocosm project in Collier County,Florida,to very much be in the public eye
throughout this study. That is already happening with newspaper stories in the Naples Daily
News in 2016 and a post from Hello SWFL on the internet on Saturday February 17, 2018 that is
now being actively read on Linkedln. With only one growing season of research underway at our
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wetland mesocosm compound in central Ohio, we had 3 front-page stories in the Columbus
Dispatch and the Toledo Blade in July to September 2017 and a supporting editorial in the
Columbus Dispatch for this unique research approach on October 4,2017(see attached). Those
articles are attached to this proposal. Our Great Black Swamp restoration to save Lake Erie is
already a lively topic on social media such as Linked-In.
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We will involve many students and stakeholders in our projects in Florida and Ohio, in addition
to the project's undergraduate and graduate students who will be using the modeling as part of
their theses and dissertations. We have already linked with University of Florida and University E
of South Florida on the Freedom Park mesocosm study. We plan to nominate minority students 0
with good research projects to the Society of Wetland Scientist's SWS Multicultural Mentoring
Program(SWaMMP)to attend and receive full travel benefits to participate in SWS Annual
Meetings. Also through our continued dialogue and collaboration scientists with China and
Sweden,we also expect that these physical models(mesocosms)we develop will improve
collaboration among ecologists, agriculturalists,economists,and engineers in the USA and other 0
parts of the world. We expect many visits to the Freedom Park mesocosms by scientists from
around the world who will have heard about our approach for sustainably solving harmful algal
blooms in the USA and around the world.
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References
Aim, C., W.J. Mitsch, and W.E. Wolfe. 2001.Effects of recycled FGD liner material on water
quality and macrophytes of constructed wetlands: A mesocosm experiment. Water Research 35:
633-642.
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Ahn, C. and W.J. Mitsch. 2002. Scaling considerations of mesocosm wetlands in simulating
large created freshwater marshes. Ecological Engineering 18: 327-342.
E
Altor,A.E. and W.J. Mitsch. 2008. Methane emissions and carbon dioxide fluxes in created
wetland mesocosms: Effects of hydrologic regime and hydric soils.Ecological Applications 18:
1307-1320.
American Public Health Association, & American Water Works Association,2012. Standard
methods for the examination of water and wastewater: selected analytical methods approved and
cited by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (22 ed). American Public Health d
Association, Washington DC.
Anderson, C.J. and W.J.Mitsch. 2005. Effect of pulsing on macrophyte productivity and
nutrient uptake: A wetland mesocosm experiment. American Midland Naturalist 154: 305-319.
Marois, D. E. W.J., Mitsch, K. Song, S. Miao, L. Zhang,and C.Nguyen.2015.Estimating the
importance of aquatic primary productivity for phosphorus retention in Florida Everglades
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mesocosms. Wetlands 35:357-368.
Michalak,A.M.,et al. 2013. Record-setting algal bloom in Lake Erie caused by agricultural and co
meteorological trends consistent with expected future conditions. Proceedings National Academy Cr;
of Sciences 110: 6524-6529.
Mitsch, W.J. 2017. Solving Lake Erie's harmful algal blooms by restoring the Great Black
Swamp in Ohio. Ecological Engineering 108: 406-413. c
Mitsch, W.J.,X. Wu, R.W. Nairn,P.E. Weihe,N. Wang, R. Deal, C.E. Boucher. 1998. Creating
and restoring wetlands: A whole-ecosystem experiment in self-design. BioScience 48: 1019 13)
-
1030.
Mitsch, W.J., L. Zhang, D. Marois,and K. Song. 2015. Protecting the Florida Everglades to
wetlands with wetlands: Can stormwater phosphorus be reduced to oligotrophic conditions?
Ecological Engineering 80: 8-19.
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Mitsch, W.J. and J.G. Gosselink. 2015. Wetlands, 5ih ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,Hoboken,NJ. i
744 pp.
Paerl,H.W.,N.S. Hall,and E.S. Calandrino. 2011. Controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms
in a world experiencing anthropogenic and climatic-induced change.Science of the Total
Environment 409: 1739-1745.
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Paerl, H.W. and V.J. Paul. 2012. Climate change: Links to global expansion of harmful
cyanobacteria. Water Research 46: 1349-1363.
Scavia, D., Kalcic,M., Muenich,R.L.,Reed,J.,Aloysius,N.,Bertani,I.,Boles,C.,Confesor,R.,
DePinto,J.,Gildow,M., Martin, J.,Redder,T., Sowa,S., Wang,Y.-C.,Yen,H.,2017. Multiple E
models guide strategies for agricultural nutrient reductions. Front. Ecol. Environ. 15, 126-132.
0)
Svengsouk, L.M.and W. J. Mitsch. 2001. Dynamics of mixtures of Typha latifolia and E
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani in nutrient-enrichment wetland experiments.American a
Midland Naturalist 145: 309-324.
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United States Environmental Protection Agency [US EPA]. 1993a. Method 351.2: Determination
of total Kjeldahl nitrogen by semi-automated colorimetry(Revision 2.0). Cincinnati,Ohio.
United States Environmental Protection Agency [US EPA]. 1993b. Method 353.2:
Determination of nitrate-nitrite nitrogen by automated colorimetry(Revision 2.0). Cincinnati,
Ohio.
a
United States Environmental Protection Agency [US EPA]. 1993c. Method 365.1: Determination
of phosphorus by semi-automated colorimetry(Revision 2.0). Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Wednesday October 4,2017
Posted at 12:01 AM Updated at 6 15 AM
Wetlands could fix pollution from farms
Persuading farmers to set aside productive land and restore it to swamp conditions will be an
uphill slog,even for Bill Mitsch,an Ohio State University professor emeritus who is one of the
world's foremost experts on wetlands and the pollution that results when they're absent.But
all those who are sincere in their desire to fight the sickening,bright-green algae blooms that
choke the life out of Lake Erie and other bodies of water most years should listen.
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While industrial pollution and sewage contribute to the algae blooms,excess fertilizer running
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off of farm fields is by far the largest contributor.Mitsch believes temporarily re-establishing
wetlands and returning them to cultivation after a few years can reduce the flow of phosphorus
into streams by 40 percent. co
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Joe Comely,spokesman for the Ohio Farm Bureau,said"I think there are a lot of other ways to
go about fixing the problem that are not quite so dramatic."If so,farmers should come forward co
with those solutions.Ohioans haven't forgotten the super bloom of 2014 that invaded Toledo's
water-intake plant and left the city without drinkable water for three days.If climate change
makes the algae problem worse,as expected,people will demand radical change.
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Mitsch's research project could provide a critical head start.
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