Loading...
The URL can be used to link to this page
Your browser does not support the video tag.
EAC Agenda 12/19/1990
"REVISED 12/12/90" ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY COUNCIL AGENDA December 19, 1990 8:45 A.M. I. ROLL CALL II. APPROVAL OF MINUTES III. ADDENDA IV. STAFF REPORT A. PROPOSED ADMINISTRATIVE APPROVAL 1. PU-90-32 : Mario LaMendola of Mario LaMendola, Architect, representing M. D. Johnstin Corporation; requesting a provisional use "e" of I zoning district for a child care center. 2 . R-90-25: Michael H. Marcus of Morris-Depew Assoc. Inc. , representing Desha N. Sanders, Jr. , Trustee; requesting a zoning change from RSF-4 to C-4 for retail shopping center/business offices. 3 . PU-90-28: Crews Salvage; requesting a provisional use "b" of 8. 10 for a transfer station. V. OLD BUSINESS VI. PUBLIC HEARINGS A. PU-90-22 : Richard L. Houghton; requesting a provisional use 3 (b) of A-1 zoning district for a hunting camp. B. R-90-27/SMP-90-31: Beau Keene of Evers, Neal and Purse, Inc. , representing Mr. Dan Peppers; requesting a zoning change from A-2 to PUD "Waterford Estates" and Subdivision Master Plan approval. C. PU-90-33 : Paul Bowdoin, P. E. of Boyle Engineering Corporation, representing Collier County Utilities; requesting a provisional use Section 8. 10 of A-2 for a water treatment plant. D. R-90-8: Robert L. Duane, AICP of Hole, Montes & Associates, Inc. , representing Elhanon and Sandra Combs; requesting a zoning change from RSF-4 to PUD "Island Oasis" . VII. NEW BUSINESS VIII. DISCUSSION OF ADDENDA IX. ADJOURNMENT X. WORKSHOP A. Environmental Advisory Boards ************************************************************* NOTES: A. Notify PROJECT REVIEW SERVICES (Environmental Staff) (643-8470) no later than 5 P.M. on Monday December 17, 1990, if you cannot attend this meeting or if you have conflict and thus will abstain from voting on a particular petition. B. Please refer to notice on first floor, Building F, for the location of the E.A.C. meeting. C. Items added after agenda was sent out. D. No action since last Council meeting. E. On January 7, 1987 the E.A.C. adopted a policy that any person addressing the E.A.C. on behalf of any organization must present a letter from said organization acknowledging them as a representative empowered to make policy related comments on that subject. ************************************************************* PERSON WHO DECIDES TO APPEAL A DECISION OF THIS BOARD WILL NEED A RECORD OF THE PROCEEDINGS PERTAINING THERETO, AND THEREFORE MAY NEED TO ENSURE THAT A VERBATIM RECORD OF THE PROCEEDINGS IS MADE, WHICH RECORD INCLUDES THE TESTIMONY AND EVIDENCE UPON WHICH THE APPEAL IS TO BE BASED. ********** *********** ********** ************************************************************* -2- PROJECT REVIEW SERVICES (Environmental Review) STAFF REPORT FOR EAC MEETING 12/19/1990 Petition: PU-90-32 : Mario LaMendola of Mario LaMendola, Architect, representing M. D. Johnstin Corporation; requesting a provisional use "e" of I zoning district for a child care center. Considerations: The applicant is requesting a provisional use "e" of I zoning district for a child care center. The petitioner proposes a building, parking lot and playground area on the 1. 043 acre parcel, located off South Horseshoe Drive in the Collier Park of Commerce. There are no trees on the subject property and no other environmental concerns. Staff approves of the provisional use and due to the lack of environmental issues, recommends administrative approval. Recommendations: In consideration of the above, staff recommends administrative approval of petition PU-90-32 without stipulations. PREPARED BY: c2tihza -/ -- kit �,,-I,?ATE: /2 j i, BARBARA S. BURGEON ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST I REVIEWED BY: '�� DATE: 1.213 bO ERIC D. WORSHAM CHIEF ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST REVIEWED BY: 1 I ,. i r- /\ 1DATE: 12.E,3 71.1) JOHN F. MAiJ JEWSKI, P. E. IfPROJECT RE IEW SERVICES MANAGER Staff Reports, PU-90-32 , ew PROJECT REVIEW SERVICES (Environmental Review) STAFF REPORT FOR EAC MEETING 12/19/1990 Petition: R-90-25: Michael H. Marcus of Morris-Depew Assoc. , Inc. , representing Desha N. Sanders, Jr. , Trustee, requesting a zoning change from RSF-4 to C-4 for retail shopping center/business offices. Considerations: The applicant is applying for a rezone from RSF-4 to C-4 for con- struction of a retail shopping center/business offices. The site consists of a 4 . 2 +/- acre parcel with residential single-family homes, bounded on the east and south by single-family homes and on the west by commercial property. The petitioner proposes removal of the single-family homes and construction of a commercial center. Approximately twenty-five percent (25%) of the site will remain as pervious area (buffer area and retention) with all native vegetation within the designated buffer/open space areas to be retained on-site. A gopher tortoise burrow was observed on-site near the southwest corner of the property. The petitioner has contacted Ms. Kimberly Dryden, Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, for recom- mendations and assistance in relocating any gopher tortoise found on-site. Sand pines are located along the south boundary and southeast corner of the site. The petitioner will retain all sand pines on site which are not under the proposed building envelope. Individ- ual parking spaces may be relocated in order to retain sand pine that may fall in a parking lot. Recommendations: In consideration of the above, staff recommends administrative approval of Petition R-90-25 subject to the following stipula- tions: 1. Prior to any future development order approvals, the peti- tioner shall conduct a gopher tortoise survey in accordance with the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission protocols and obtain any necessary permits and/or approvals for on-site preservation or off-site relocation. Staff Report R-90-25 EAC Meeting 12/19/90 Page 2 2 . Prior to any future development order approvals, the peti- tioner shall survey the locations of all sand pines greater than or equal to 4 inches DBH and indicate on the site plan the locations of all sand pines proposed for removal and those sand pines proposed to be retained on site. PREPARED BY: /, ', ,t ,, : ' ./ -&TE: i BARBARA S. BURGESON �` ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST I // r REVIEWED BY: �.L. SCJ DATE: Ig /3/96 ERIC D. WORSHAM CHIEF ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST REVIEWED BY: `„ ,; .4 , iJ DATE: /Zi ,3 /90 C F. MAtJEWSKI, P. E. JECT RE IEW SERVICES MANAGER Staff Reports, R-90-25, ew PROJECT REVIEW SERVICES (Environmental Review) STAFF REPORT FOR EAC MEETING 12/19/1990 Petition: PU-90-28: Crews Salvage; requesting a provisional use "b" of 8. 10 for a transfer station. Considerations: Petitioner proposes to operate a transfer station for the purposes of recycling non ferrous, non-hazardous waste materials. It should be noted that automobile batteries will be stored on site. Automobile batteries are not considered to be a hazardous waste, but constituents of automobile batteries which have been released to the environment can be considered a hazardous substance. The site is located in Immokalee in the New Market Subdivision, Block 44 , Lots 9, 10, 11 and 12 . The aerial indicates an existing building and sparse vegetation which includes cabbage palms (Sabal palmetto) . Recommendations: Staff recommends administrative approval of petition PU-90-28 subject to the following stipulations: 1. Any future proposed expansion of the facility shall require a separate and additional "Provisional Use" approval. 2 . Provisional use approval does not authorize the storage and/or processing of hazardous materials on site. If the storage and/or processing of hazardous materials occurs or is proposed, the petitioner shall contact Collier County Development Services, Planning Section to determine if a Site Development Plan is required to determine applicable local, state or federal regulations and permit requirements. 3 . Petitioner shall retain the existing sabal palms on site. PREPARED BY: _r;,,., DATE: / /4/76' BARBARA •RYNOSKI ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST II REVIEWED BY: 41,:,t1„ a bt.) DATE: /,Z/G /l`-0 ERIC D. WORSHAM CHIEF ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST REVIEWED BY: \m "- DATE: v i DAVID P' ROW DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DIRECTOR PROJECT REVIEW SERVICES (Environmental Review) STAFF REPORT FOR EAC MEETING 12/19/1990 Petition: PU-90-22 : Richard L. Houghton; requesting a provisional use 3 (b) of A-1 zoning district for a hunting camp. Considerations: The petitioner is requesting an after-the-fact provisional use in an A-1/ST zoning district for the construction of a boardwalk (75 feet long by 32 inches wide) and a hunting camp. Upon completion of two site visits it is staffs recommendation that the provisional use be granted and stipulated to respond to the items which are needed to bring this project into compliance. Several trees were removed in construction of this project. In discussions with the petitioner, staff has decided that a certain number of trees shall be replanted as mitigation. If the existing additional hunting camp is found to be in compliance with the zoning ordinance and the use of the building is found to be in compliance with the determined acceptable use of the Big Cypress National Preserve by the Secretary of the Interior or their designee (Mr. Fred J. Fagergren, Superintendent of the Big Cypress National Preserve) , staff would support the structure and its current use. Recommendations: Staff recommends approval of petition PU-90-22 with the following stipulations: 1. The petitioner shall plant twelve trees to mitigate for the trees removed during construction. The trees shall be native species which will enhance the existing habitat for protected species, such as the liguus snails, observed during previous site visits. 2 . If the hunting camp is found not to be an acceptable use as was stated in the letter from Mr. Fagergren of August 8, 1990 to Mr. Houghton, the kitchen and bathroom shall be removed, and the building shall be used for storage or other acceptable use. Staff Report PU-90-22 EAC Meeting 12/19/90 Page 2 3 . Prior to issuance of Special Treatment (ST) development permits and/or tree removal permits, the petitioner shall obtain all applicable state and federal permits or approvals including the requirements of the Big Cypress Preserve as noted in Ordinance No. 82-2 , Section 9. 1 and Ordinance No. 75-21 as amended. PREPARED BY: �1 )ar h&�,, - ' / ". BARBARA S. BURGESON ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST I REVIEWED BY: 2-A..c. D. vn.2DATE: / 13/1-d. ERIC D. WORSHAM CHIEF ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST REVIEWED BY: , v . 4 / • I DATE: 43A4, JOH ' F. MArJEWSKI, P. E. PROJECT RE 7EW SERVICES MANAGER Staff Reports, PU-90-22 , ew PROJECT REVIEW SERVICES (Environmental Review) STAFF REPORT FOR EAC MEETING 12/19/1990 Petition: R-90-27/SMP-90-31: Beau Keene of Evers, Neal and Purse, Inc. , representing Mr. Dan Peppers; requesting a zoning change from A-2 to PUD "Waterford Estates" and Subdivision Master Plan approval. Considerations: The petitioner is requesting a zoning change from A-2 to PUD and Subdivision Master Plan approvals. The petitioner proposes a subdivision of ±17 . 9 acres. The subdivision master plan proposes sixty-six (66) building lots. One quarter of the property is currently being used as a nursery. The balance of the site is undeveloped. The property is mostly pine flatwoods, melaleuca and mixed pine/cypress forest. Staff has visited the site with the — environmental consultant and has agreed with the wetland lines that were flagged. No wildlife concerns are known for this project. Recommendations: Staff recommends approval of petition R-90-27/SMP-90-31 subject to the following stipulations: 1. All proposed mitigation for impacts to Collier County jurisdictional wetlands shall comply with the ratios and requirements of Appendix 7 of the South Florida Water Management District rules. Mitigation areas shall be surveyed prior to final construction plan approval and designated as a conservation easement and/or tract with protective covenants pursuant to Florida Statues, Chapter 704 . 06. At a minimum the petitioner shall re-vegetate thirty percent (30%) of each of the lakes at a 6: 1 slope. Those areas shall be planted with native emergent aquatic vegetation from one foot above to two feet below the mean water line. Staff Report R-90-27/SMP-90-31 EAC Meeting 12/19/90 Page 2 2 . Prior to final plat/construction plan approval, the petitioner shall submit a typical building lot site clearing plan to be included in the homeowners document. PREPARED BY: j,3«) 1 A I `e, C7t DATE: BARBARA S. BUR'GESON ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST II REVIEWED BY: GA (54 .-c--- DATE: -)/ b.° ERIC D. WORSHAM CHIEF ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST REVIEWED BY: \ ft/iV, --- DATE: %a -C -90 DAVID PETT'OW DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DIRECTOR Staff Reports, R-90-27/SMP-90-31, ew PROJECT REVIEW SERVICES (Environmental Review) STAFF REPORT FOR EAC MEETING 12/19/1990 Petition: PU-90-33 : Paul Bowdoin, P. E. of Boyle Engineering Corporation, representing Collier County Utilities; requesting a provisional use Section 8. 10 of A-2 for a water treatment plant. Considerations: Subject property is a 20. 3 acre parcel in Section 35 of Township 48 South, Range 26 East, on the north side of 8th Avenue Northwest. Properties neighboring on the north, west, and east are undeveloped and are zone A-2 . Across the street from the south property line is Estates zoning. Collier County Utilities proposes the construction of a water treatment plant, storage tanks, and associated structures on 6. 66 acres of the site. The parcel is vegetated by pine flatwoods interspersed with wetlands. The largest (3 .86 acre) wetland will be excluded from the proposed development. The major portion of the project is planned for a previously disturbed area (5.28 acres) . The project will have a direct impact on 0.72 acres of wetland. Recommendations: In consideration of the limited environmental impacts of this proposal, staff recommends approval of petition PU-90-33, subject to the following stipulations: 1. Proof of ownership shall be submitted prior to issuance of any final development order or site work. 2 . All proposed mitigation for impacts to Collier County jurisdictional wetlands shall comply with the ratios and requirements of Appendix 7 of the South Florida Water Management District rules. Mitigation areas shall be Staff Report PU-90-33 EAC Meeting 12/19/90 Page 2 surveyed prior to final site development plan approval and designated as a conservation easement and/or tract with protective covenants pursuant to Florida Statutes, Chapter 704 . 06. L e PREPARED BY: DATE: Ae v3• 5o FRED EISCHL ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST I REVIEWED BY: �. (� . DATE: /2 /i3 /770 ERIC D. WORSHAM CHIEF ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST 01 / REVIEWED BY:. 7f• r,4 / DATE: /21/4v JOHN F. MA�i•JEWSKI, P. E. PROJECT RE' IEW SERVICES MANAGER Staff Reports, PU-90-33, ew PROJECT REVIEW SERVICES (Environmental Review) STAFF REPORT FOR EAC MEETING 12/19/1990 Petition: R-90-8 : Robert L. Duane, AICP of Hole, Montes & Associates, Inc. , representing Elhanon and Sandra Combs; requesting a zoning change from RSF-4 to PUD "Island Oasis" . Considerations: Petitioner requests a zoning change for the development of single-family and multi-family residential units with a recreation area that includes a pool, clubhouse, and tennis facilities on the 5. 6 acre site. The subject property is located off Marco Lake Drive on Marco Island and is bounded on the north and west by property zoned C-4, and on the east and south by RSF-4 zoning. Most of the site is a submerged wetland created by borrow pit activities. The dominant vegetation is cattails (Typha spp. ) . Many birds were observed on site, and American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) have been reported. Recommendations: Since human activity has had a great impact on the site, staff recommends approval of petition R-90-8 subject to the following stipulations: 1. Habitats and their boundaries (consistent with FLUCCS) shall be identified on an aerial photo of the site (Ordinance No. 82-2 as amended by Ordinance No. 89-49) prior to approval of subdivision master plan. 2 . The master plan shall reflect the fact that twenty five percent (25%) of native vegetation (as determined from data supplied in stipulation one) shall be retained or recreated (Ordinance No. 82-2 as amended by Ordinance No. 89-49) prior to approval of subdivision master plan. 3 . A proposed mitigation plan for wetland impacts (a minimum ratio of 1. 5: 1 onsite and/or 3 : 1 offsite) shall be submitted (Collier County Growth Management Plan - Conservation and Coastal Management Element Policies 6.2 . 5; 6.2 .8; 6. 2 . 10; 6. 2 . 12 ; and 6. 3 . 2) prior to approval of subdivision master plan. Staff Report R-90-8 EAC Meeting 12/19/90 Page 2 4 . The applicant shall modify the proposed lake cross section to raise bottom elevation to -4 . 0 NGVD (Ordinance No. 70-2) , or, if a deeper excavation is desired, test borings and periodic water quality monitoring shall be required to prove that no salt water intrusion will occur, prior to approval of the plat and construction plans. 5. An appropriate protected species survey, using current methodology of the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission (FGFWFC) shall be performed (Collier County Growth Management Plan - Conservation and Coastal Management Element Policies 7. 3 .4 and 7 . 3 .8) prior to approval of subdivision master plan. FGFWFC permits or letters of exemption shall be presented prior to plat approval. 6. Section 7 . 1B of the PUD document shall be revised to incorporate the provisions of Ordinance No. 82-2 , Section 8. 30 as amended by Ordinance No. 89-57 . PREPARED BY: � DATE: FREISCHL ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST I REVIEWED BY: 6,4--c=2 1-1 �J��DATE: /2//3/90 ERIC D. WORSHAM CHIEF ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST REVIEWED BY: / DATE: 48 Ad IOHN F. MADA'EWSKI, P. E. PROJECT REVIEW SERVICES MANAGER Staff Reports, R-90-8 , ew Gu - �'F' Ooapd i630-it 6joinnu o zers, .;i COLLIER COUNTY COURTHOUSE COMPLEX C, .0- 4 NAPLES. FLORIDA 33962-4977 (JUN' 'S ANNE GOODNIGHT RICHARD S.SHANAHAN MAX A. HASSE.JR. COMMISSIONER COMMISSIONER COMMISSIONER BURT L. SAUNDERS MICHAEL J. VOLPE JAMES C.GILES COMMISSIONER COMMISSIONER CLERK November 14 , 1990 George A. LLano, Ph.D 450 Palm Circle West Naples, Florida 33940 Subject: Environmental Advisory Council Dear Dr. LLano: While convened in regular session on November 13 , 1990, the Board of County Commissioners regretfully accepted your resignation and appointed your replacement to the subject advisory committee. On behalf of the Board of County Commissioners, I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for the fine work you have done as a member of the Environmental Advisory Council. Enclosed is a Certificate of Appreciation to represent our gratitude for your valuable assistance. Best wishes for success in your future endeavors. A::::) Ztruly yours, ae Max A. Hasse, Jr. , Chairman Commissioner, District 3 MAH:sf Enclosure cc: John Madajewski, Project Review Services Manager \: 1 o. Q mCYN o It 4.00 rd spa i ...,,,* us/ ite.4_, _..... ,, 0 \ VE0i0 VA dilik '70.4 1,01 0 rd ?n .4:0 % ' \ Ill 1.- Or 4E: i v a o,,, _A "' \� � IA ' p100_ as 151' 4Z'' ,e -4 # W.t AA 15' AA G lee 1Strd -a 0 Q 0 44 Y - ` Xpww \ Oa p 0 p C� es 0 Q Moot Mootd d d .; RESOLUTION NO. 90-536 h { A RESOLUTION APPOINTING JOHN W. MARTIN, JR. AND RONALD J. BROWN ,. TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY COUNCIL WHEREAS, the Environmental Advisory Council was created in February, 1970 and the Council shall be composed of five (5) members and an alternate; and WHEREAS, James R. Snyder and George A. Llano have resigned thereby creating two vacancies on the Environmental Advisory Council; and WHEREAS, the terms of the two members that resigned expire on December 31, 1990; and WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners previously provided public notice soliciting applications from interested parties. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY 1 COMMISSIONERS OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA, that John W. Martin, Jr. and Ronald J. Brown are hereby appointed to the Environmental Advisory Council for four year terms, said term commencing on January 1, 1991 and expiring on December 31, 1994. This Resolution adopted after motion, second and majority vote. DATED: 3.Noyember 13, 1990 - -2a ATTEST: ( - BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Y JAMES C. GILES, Clerk COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA id ' f/i 4 .e . BY: -,\Vis' MAX A. HASSE, J . , Chai an App'oved as to f. II and legal sufficiency: d Kenneth B. Cuyler County Attorney rP1.- ir 1990 0CT 26 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY k • k, jLbt Pro .1.0 services APPOINTMENT OF TWO MEMBERS TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY COUNCIL OBJECTIVE: To appoint two members to the Environmental Advisory Council. CONSIDERATIONS: Two members have resigned, James R. Snyder to direct his energies elsewhere, and George A. Llano for personal reasons. A press release was issued and resumes were received from the following people: David S. Maehr Larry W. Richardson John W. Martin, Jr. Ronald J. Brown All applicants are electors and residents of Collier County. The EAC reviews development projects and makes recommendations to the BCC concerning the environmental impact on Collier County. A memorandum was received from the Project Review Services Manager, advising that they have reviewed the resumes and have recommended the appointments of David S. Maehr and Larry W. Richardson. Since the expirations of these vacant terms are on 12/31/90, I would suggest that the appointments be for four year terms, expiring on December 31, 1994 . FISCAL IMPACT: NONE GROWTH MANAGEMENT IMPACT: NONE RECOMMENDATION: That the Board of County Commissioners consider the recommendation to appoint David S. Maehr and Larry W. Richardson to four year terms, expiring on December 31, 1994, and request the County Attorney to prepare a resolution confirming the appointments. Prepared By: S. Filson Date: November 13 , 1990 R Cot: t�.L Ab = ;%% Development Services Department -0tw- J Community Development Division I Collier County Government I ' .��. 2800 North Horseshoe Drive I Naples, FL 33942-6917 "i .\+'� / a:. jt Phone: 8131643-8400 PROJECT REVIEW SERVICES I'll AND C- November 14, 1990 Ronald J. Brown 163 Caribbean Road Naples, FL 33963 Dear Mr. Brown: Please accept staffs welcome to the Environmental Advisory Council (EAC) membership. The EAC meets on the 3rd Wednesday of each month at 8:45 a.m. in the 3rd floor board room of Bldg. F., Collier County Government Complex. Agendas and packets of information are mailed to members approximately two weeks before the meeting date. The next meeting will be held on November 21, 1990. The agenda, staff reports and back-up materials for this meeting are enclosed for your review. I have also enclosed environmental ordinances for your use in reviewing petitions. Before the next meetin I a copy of the Collier g will send Management Element to you.County Conservation and Coastal If you have any questions, please feel free to contact staff at 643-8470, We look forward to meeting you on November 21, 1990. Sincerely, I /J Earlene M. Weber Secretary II Enclosures cc: Eric D. Worsham Chrono File Chief Environmental Specialist EAC File 'r "r1.4.:71,14 an c;VIi15 % Development Services Department Community Development Division/Collier County Government �A - = 2800 North Horseshoe Drive/ Naples, FL 33942-6917 1 1',,, i Via, r Phone:8131643.8400 PROJECT REVIEW SERVICES 7. -- -;,.--i. ',#:.-• A• ,r i a_ ti. November 14, 1990 John W. Martin, Jr. 3624 Cottage Club Lane Naples, FL 33942 Dear Mr. Martin: Please accept staffs welcome to the Environmental Advisory Council (EAC) membership. The EAC meets on the 3rd Wednesday of each month at 8:45 a.m. in the 3rd floor board room of Bldg. F. , Collier County Government Complex. Agendas and packets of information are mailed to members approximately two weeks before the meeting date. The next meeting will be held on November 21, 1990. The agenda, staff reports and back-up materials for this meeting are enclosed for your review. I have also enclosed environmental ordinances for your use in reviewing petitions. Before the next meeting I will send a copy of the Collier County Conservation and Coastal Management Element to you. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact staff at 643-8470. We look forward to meeting you on November 21, 1990. Sincerely, j,dt4. 44 _-' Earlene M. Weber Secretary II Enclosures cc: Eric D. Worsham, Chief Environmental Specialist Chrono File EAC File P doh N-c MEMORANDUM IliOCT 2 �? 1990 L ._i Ltii P ojfect R L' 'vl TO: John Madajewski, Project Review Services Manager FROM: Sue Filson, Administrative Assistant i g ., Board of County Commissioners OCT 9; 199 i 25 1990 RE: Environmental Advisory Council ; r 4 DATE: October 19, 1990 We have received four resumes for the vacant positions on the Environmental Advisory Council as a result of the press release issued on October 3 , 1990. I have attached copies of the resumes from the following: John W. Martin, Jr. Larry W. Richardson 3624 Cottage Club Lane ©4433 18th Place, S.W. Naples, Florida 33942 Naples, Florida 33999 �/ David S. Maehr Ronald J. Brown tl V 331 27th Street, N.W. g 163 Caribbean Road ,J Naples, Florida 33964 Naples, Florida 33963 I have forwarded a memorandum to the Elections office to verify that each applicant is an elector and resident of Collier County. Please review the attached resumes and let me know, in writing, your recommendations for appointment and I will prepare an agenda item for the Board's consideration. If you have any questions regarding the appointment process, please do not hesitate to contact me at 774-8097 . Thank you for your assistance. Sue Filson, Administrative Assistant SF Attachments • RECEIVED 1310 15th St . S,.W. Naples, FL 33964 I". etzn.y C,trzt:alEssiotzors September 25, 1990 Max Hasse, Chairman Collier County Board of Commissioners County Government Center Naples, FL 33962 Dear Mr . Hasse : This letter is to advise you that I am resigning my position on the Environmental Advisory Council effective November 1, 1990 . I have enjoyed the opportunity to volunteer my services to the citizens of Collier County for the past few years, but feel I must now redirect my energies elsewhere . It has been a pleasure to work with the other members of the Council and with the County staff . Sincerely, J\ ames R. Snyder, Chairman Environmental Advisory Council cc : EAC members Development Services Department Natural Resource Department Iii Ji' G e^ ti_ ' �—. JU( i f 1- 90 gd•co:r:r Lorn• sypoao:p s 450 Palm Circle West Naples, Fl . 33940 July 6, 1990 Ms. S. Filson County Managers Office 3301 Tami ami Trail East Bldg E Naples, Florida 33962. Dear Ms. Filson: Subject: Environmental Advisory Council i I regret that I must withdraw from the ( Environmental Advisory Council for personal reasons effective as of this date. Sincerely yours, 74 i./ ,----i-t,_ 57--- 7Geor 1 A A. L_Lan��, Ph. D. 0"?.(14? A D 1 `, M9TI\ CHIROPRACTIC 'ASSOCITES ` Sports Chiropractic • Pediatrics • Family Practice Tr0,; 975 Sixth Avenue South P.O. Box 941 ;,1�1�� Suite 101 Naples, Florida 33940-0941 mco THE MARTIN BUILDING - John W. Martin, Jr., D.C. Naples, Florida 33940 }� l\ �; f Certified Chiropractic Sports Physician 813-261-3366 Gordon V. Bowe 2�; 1990 Acupuncture Physician n �� f 1. f � � 4 �J October 17 , 1990 spy' Ms . Sue Filson i 4 . 0 .oa Administrative Assistant �� 1Q Board of Collier County Commissioners —unix 3301 U. S . 41 East �� ¢$sioflets Naples , Florida 33962 Dear Ms . Filson: Enclosed please find my resume, submitted with respect to the position on the Collier County Environmental Advisory Council . t trust that you will find all in order, and should you need any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me direct at 261-3366 . Respectfully, John W. Martin, Jr. D . C. , CCSP JwM: j rd 36.2(-1 Ca s e C/u g Enc . Chiropractic - The Natural Way to Health VITAE DATAE JOHN W. MARTIN, JR. , B .A. , B . S . , D. C. , C. C. S . P . Chiropractor/Nutritionist The Martin Building 975 Sixth Avenue South Naples , Florida 33940 Age : 40 DOB: 8/8/50 ( 813 ) 261-3366 HT. : 5 ' 9" WT. : 170 LBS. Hair: Blonde Eyes :Green P . O. Box 941 Health: Excellent Naples , Florida 33839-0941 Married - Wife, Lauren; Daughter, Nicole, age 7 AVOCATIONAL ACTIVITIES : Scuba, Soccer, Sailing, Racquetball , Fishing, Moto-Cross , Photography, Organic Gardening EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: Life Chiropractic College, Marietta, Georgia - Doctor of Chiropractic, D. C. , 1986 CCSP Examination, March 1990 - Certified Chiropractic Sports Physician Life Chiropractic College, Marietta, Georgia - Bachelor of Science/Clinical Nutrition, B . S . 1986 Daytona Beach Community College, Daytona Beach, Florida - CPR, First Aid, Life Saving, Certification, 1982 University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida - Bachelor of Arts , Pre-Med, Natural Sciences/Zoology, B.A. , 1973 University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida - Pre-Med, 1970 G.D . Chamberlain H. S . , Tampa, Florida - Honors Graduate, 1968 CHIROPRACTIC STUDY/WORK EXPERIENCE : Clinic Director, Martin Chiropractic Associates Naples , Florida, 09/02/88 to Present Associate Doctor, Dr. Kirk M. Crist & Associates, P .A. , Naples , Florida, October 1987 to September 1 , 1988 Associate Doctor, Hutchins Chiropractic Clinic, Spring Hill , Florida, May to October 1987 Associate Doctor, Center for Holistic Care, South Miami, Florida, January, February 1987 VITAE DATAE/JOHN W. MARTIN, JR. ( continued) CHIROPRACTIC STUDY/WORK EXPERIENCE : (continued) Clinic Assistant, Life Extension Clinic, Orlando, Florida, 1984 to 1985 , responsible for assigned physical examinations , X-ray analyses, report( s ) of findings, patient education, attended therapies . Bachelor of Science Degree in Nutrition, 1983-1986 Guest Lecturer, LCC - Chiropractic Ecology, Nutrition, Public Health, Psychology and Public Relations , 1983-1986 Applied Kinesiology 2X - 100 Hour Course, ICAK, 1984 & 1989 Gonstead Study Club and Seminars, 1983-1986 Motion Palpation Club and Seminars , 1983-1986 Junior Intern - X-Ray Supervisor, 1985-1986 X-Ray Intern - Assistant Technician, 1984-1985 SICA & SACA Member, 1983-1986 ( Roentgenology and Technology Society Member, 1984-1986 R.A.T. S . Club Secretary, 1986 ADDITIONAL PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT (While attending LCC full-time) : Soccer Referee/United States Soccer Federation, Atlanta, Georgia Representative/Agent, A. L. Williams/MILICO, Life & Health Insurance, Securities and Investments , Dunwoody, Georgia Health Coordinator/Sales , Exercise Technician, SportsLife, Marietta, Georgia Kennesaw Kindling/Firewood Sales and Delivery, Sole Proprietor, Kennesaw, Georgia WORK EXPERIENCE/PRE-CHIROPRACTIC: Biologist/Ecological Consultant serving via natural resource management/development organizations , responsibilities including, but not limited to: Environmental Impact Assessment development or critique, baseline wildlife inventories ( fauna and. flora) , quality control officer/waterfront construction, NASA facility sitings , port authority and powerplant expansion/utility corridor selection, hazardous waste inven- tory, storage and disposal . VITAE DATAE/JOHN W. MARTIN, JR. ( continued) August 1979 Russell & Avon Engineers-Planners- Architects, Inc . Daytona Beach, Florida Environmental Planner/Ecological Consultant Conducted required investigations and analyses , prepared project proposals and final reports respective to Environmental Impact Assessments for EPA water works projects 201/208 Reports , CDBG, UDAG, NASA CPRC Port Authority projects and Municipal wellfields . (Copies of Reports and Publications available upon request) . December 1977 St . Johns River Water Management to May 1979 District Palatka, Florida Environmental Specialist/Environmental Sciences Department Co-investigator, Vertebrate Community Structure for the Upper St . Johns River Basin Plan, Co-manager, (problem) Aquatic Vegetation Control Program, Environmental Impacts of Power Plant siting and Transmission lines corridors , Environmental Permit Review Coordinator for all District WOD, MSS, and Joint DER/COE Dredge and Fill Applications, Acting Assistant Department Director/spring and summer, 1978 . December 1977 Florida Department of Environmental Regulation Gainesville, Florida (Palatka Field Office) Environmental Specialist/Field Inspector Review and critique of Joint DER/COE Dredge and Fill permit applications . Enforcement Officer for Putnam, St . Johns Clay, and Flagler Counties . June 1977 Florida Department of Transportation, December 1977 District V Deland, Florida Environmental Specialist/Project Development & Environment Permit coordinator for wetland construction proposals , State Bridge Rehabilitation Program impact assessments . Project data gathering and report writing for FDOT ( a) .-. EIS ' s , (b) Negative Declarations , (c) Non-Major Projects , and (d) Re-evaluations . Indian River Estuary VITAE DATAE/JOHN W. MARTIN, JR. (continued) studies , multi-site noise monitoring and analyses . District liason to regulatory agencies . April 1977 Mangrove Systems , Inc . June 1977 Tampa, Florida Research Assistant/Field Technician Assisted in all phases of Marine Vegetation, Species Inventory, Florida spoil islands , in conjunction with the USCOE Tampa Bay Harbor Deepening Project . January 1977 Hendry Corporation to April 1977 Tampa, Florida Environment Control Officer/Marine Environmental Services Responsible for the establishment and operation of WQM Lab in Gautier, Mississippi . Marine construction firm liason to the Mississippi State Highway Department, for Interstate 10 bridge crossing of the Pascagoula Marsh. WQM and analyses , and project Quality Control . Clerical duties included Daily Operating Report and Payroll . June 1973 Hillsborough County Environmental to July 1976 Protection Commission Tampa, Florida Environmental Specialist/Biology Department Establishment of Dredge and Fill Review Section . Agency representative to the Tampa Port Authority Environmental Advisory Committee . Environmental affairs lecturer . Complaints Investigator . WOM Tampa Bay and its Tributaries . STP efficiency monitoring and analyses . ADDITIONAL TRAINING/INTERESTS : Marine Sciences , Scuba Instruction , Physical Education and Health Sciences , Landscaping Design, Resource Recovery and Management, Hazardous Waste Detection and Confinement r 1 VITAE DATAE/JOHN W. MARTIN, JR. ( continued) PAST & PRESENT PROFESSIONAL AND SERVICE ORGANIZATION AFFILIATIONS : Air Pollution Control Association American Chiropractic Association ACA Council on Sports Injuries & Physical Fitness , ACA Council on Nutrition, ACA Council on Diagnostic Imaging American Society of Zoologists American Water Resources Association Collier County Center for Career Development/ Advisory Committee Collier County Chiropractic Society Collier County Officials Association Conservancy Nature Center Docent Program Florida Aquatic Plant Management Society Florida Audubon Society Florida Chiropractic Association Florida Wildlife Federation Florida State Soccer Association Kiwanis/Naples-on-the-Gulf (^ National Audubon Society National Federation Interscholastic Officials Association National Wildlife Federation Volusia/Flagler Sierra Club The Conservancy Offices and Nature Center • 1450 Merrihue Drive • Naples, Florida 33942 • 813-262-0304 (located off Goodlette Road at 14th Avenue North) October 16 , 1990 Ms. Sue Filson Board of County Commissioners RECEIVED 3301 East Tamiami Trail Naples, Florida 33962 `;G i lu 1000 Dear M s. Filson: 8d-County Commissioners Dr. James Snyder, the current chairman of the Environmental Advisory Council (EAC) , has informed The Conservancy, Inc. (TCI ) that he will be resigning from the EAC effective Nov. 1, 1990 . While TCI is aware that both the EAC and the Water Management Advisory Board will be dissolved and replaced by a new entity (Environmental Advisory Board {EAB} ) in the near future, we believe that it is very important that the County fill the two current vacancies on the EAC before the new board is formed. By filling the vacancies on the EAC, the County will insure that there will be a larger group of well qualified, experienced individuals available to serve on the new EAB, thereby insuring continuity and providing for a smooth transition period. l� Given Dr. Snyder' s years of experience with the Big Cypress National Preserve and his expertise on wildlife issues, it would be in the public' s best interest if we were fortunate enough to be able to replace him with an individual with a similar background. Interestingly enough, TCI recently received a resume from a Mr. Larry Richardson who has just such professional qualifications. In his cover letter, he indicated that he is very interested in serving on the EAC and has submitted a letter of application to your office. His broad background and experience with the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge make Mr. Richardson an excellent candidate for the EAC. TCI enthusiastically supports his application and encourages the Board of County Commissioners to do the same. If you have any questions or would like additional information, please do not hesitate to contact our offices. Sin - el A0.-/e0Alv Ze: '. vo Tamme 'resident cc: Mr. Max Hasse Ms. Anne Goodnight Mr. Burt Saunders Mr. Michael Volpe Mr. Richard Shanahan ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION • LAND PRESERVATION • ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH • NATURE EDUCATION Printed on Recycled Paper ;` : t.^^` co, 13 October , 1990 331 27th St . N .W. Naples , FL 33964 ( 813 ) 455-8122 ( h ) 643-4220 (w) Ms . Sue Filson Board of Collier County Commissioners 3301 U . S . 41 E . Naples , FL 33962 Dear Ms . Filson , I am writing in response to the announcement in the 8 October Naples Daily News concerning vacancies on the Collier County Environmental Advisory Council , and would like to express an interest in serving the county as a council member . Please find the enclosed resume and a sampling of reprints from some of my recently published papers . In addition to the papers listed or enclosed , I am co-author of the recent book Florida ' s Birds published this year by Pineapple Press (Sarasota , FL) . My professional career has been primarily with the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission as a research wildlife biologist . I have specialized primarily on mammalian carnivores including bobcats , black bears and Florida panthers . Previous to this , I studied phosphate mine bird communities in north Florida for the University of Florida . Because of the wide distribution of bobcats and bears , my work has familiarized me with much of the natural areas and their problems in the State of Florida . Over the last five years as panther research supervisor in southwest Florida , I have become extremely familiar with Collier County and its natural and denaturized environments . It is this familiarity , and the realization that Collier County can be a conservation leader in Florida , that has stimulated me to seek a position on the Environmental Council . I believe my broad experience with Florida wildlife and recent experience in southwest Florida will permit me to make valuable input in regards to the wise use and growth of Collier County . I look forward to hearing from you . Sin - ely , P././4 Da " d S . Maehr Wildlife Biologist PROFESSIONAL VITA David S.Maehr Office Adress: Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission 566 Commercial Blvd. Naples, FL 33942 (813) 643-4220 Home Adress: 331 27th St. N.W. Naples, FL 33964 (813) 455-8122 Personal History: Born- Fairbanks,Alaska, 9/18/55 Married- 11/5177 Wife- Diane Son- Clif(9) Daughter- Erin(7) Interests- Handball, Birdwatching, Photography, Drawing, Backpacking Height: 5' 11",Weight: 165 lbs. Education: University of Florida,Gainesville 1/79- 12/80 Degree:M.S.Wildlife Ecology ^ Thesis Title:Avian abundance and habitat preferences on new habitat created by phosphate mining Major Professor: Dr.Wayne R.Marion The Ohio State University, Columbus 9/73- 6/77 Degree: B.S.Wildlife Management Advisor: Dr.Thomas W.Townsend Belmont Technical College, St. Clairesvilie,OH 9/78- 12/78 Course: Explosives and blasting Purpose: State Certification(No. 10258) University of Cincinnati, College of Design Art and Architecture, 6/75- 8/75 Course: Drawing and Perspective Certified Wildlife Biologist: 2/27/83 Ernployrnentand Experience: Biological Administrator 1 Florida Game&Fresh Water Fish Commission 11!,135- My duties as the south Florida Panther Fiesearcn S upervisor are to conduct field research on this endangered subspecies that will provide information needed for its recovery. Projects include home range and movement patterns,predator/prey interactions,social interactions,reproductive and recruitrnentpotential,food habits,and impacts of management and disturt once on panthers and their prey. Biological Scientist II Florida Game&Fresh Water Fish Commission 9/80-11185 In this position I primarily was responsible for designing and conducting research on black.bears. Sorne of these projects included a radio-telemetry study,food habits descriptions,and a beekeeper-bear conflict survey. In addition I also was involved in population and food habits studies of otters and bobcats. Environmental Affairs S upervisor Merco Mining, Inc., Moxaha.la,OH 2178- 12178 In this position I set up and maintained water quality,soil sampling,and reporting programs;advised on state and federal strip-mining rules and regulations;supervised reclamation,prospecting,and explosives operations. Strip Mine Inspector Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Columbus,OH, 7177- 12177 Through the National Pollutant and Discharge Elimination System(NPDES) I conducted inspections of strip mines in 26 counties.These activities resulted in enforcement of and assistance complying with Ohio strip mine laws. Naturalist 4-H Camp Whitewood,Windsor,OH 6/77- 7177 Here I conducted an outdoor education program for 0-15 year-old children, utilizing 200 acres of forest, take, and streams. Natural Resources Assoc. Editor,Artist, Photographer The Ohio State University, Buckeye Triune Magazine 2176- 5177 I wrote and edited articles pertaining to current nater a resources issues,designed layout,and provider illustrations and photographs for covers and amc'e;ss. I •, j. Bird Treatment Center Intern Huntington Audubon Society, Huntington, NY 6/76- 9/76 I assisted in surgical operations on injured birds(mainly amputations),prepared bird study skins(mainly from lost patients),and participated in a long-term banding study of least terns. Artist and Layout Designer Cooperative Extension Service,Ohio State University 6/76- 9/76 I created numerous original illustrations for an 8-volume overhead brochure series. Instructor of Spelunking i 1 Creative Arts Program,Ohio State University, 9/75- 2/75 I instructed students,staff,and fa.c uity on cave biology, history, geology,and caving techniques.This was followed by field trips to caves in Kentucky and Indiana. Resident Artist As a zoo artist I created hand drawn animal illustrations for use on signs,and covers of publications such as Your Zoo News,and Volunteer Voice. • Other Activities: • Member- Florida Committee on Rare and Endangered Plants and Animals(mammals) 1986- Editor- Seventh Eastern Workshop on Black Bear Management and Research 1984 Assistant Editor- Colonia.l'Waterbirds 1983-1988 Florida Representative- Southeastern Section of the Wildlife Society/Florida. Chapter 1985-1987 Compiler- National Audubon Christmas Bird Count, Hamilton, Co., Fl 1979-1984 Co-chairman-Wildlife Graduate Student Council, University of Florida 1980 Vice President- School of Forest Resources and Conservation Graduate Student Council, University of Florida 1980 Student Representative- U n ivers ity of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation Faculty Search and Screen Committee 1979-1980 Referee-J.WildI.Manage., Proc.Annu. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Fish Wildl.Agencies., Internat. Bear Conf. Proc., J.Marnrnal., Fla. Field Nat., Florida Nongarne Program, Man and the Biosphere, National Science Foundation, National Geographic Society,Am.Midi. Nat. Memberships: The Wildlife Society Florida Chapter of The Wildlife Society Southeastern Section of The Wildlife society Bear Biology Association Florida Ornithological Society U.S. Handball Association Awards: Merit/ward for Artworl<, National Speleological Societi 1974 1st Place, Cincinnati Nature Center Annual Photography -Contest 1975, 1978 Agricultural Communications Award,The Ohio Farmer 1976 The Aaron M. Bagg Memorial Award,Wilson Ornithological Society 1979 Publications Maehr, D.S. 1981. Bird use of a north-central Florida phosphate mine. Fla. Field Nat. 9:28-32. 1983. Black bear depredations on bee yards in Florida. Pages 133- 135 in D.J. Decker(ed.) Proc. First East.Wildi. Damage Control Conf. Ithaca, NY. . 1984. Distribution of black bears in eastern North America. Proc. East.Workshop Black Bear Manage. Res. 7:74. . 1984.The black bear as a seed disperser in Florida. Fla. Field Nat. 12:40-42. . 1984. Status of birds using phosphate-ruined lands in Florida. Am. Birds. 38:28-31. . 1984.Two field guides(special review). Fla. Field Nat. 12:72-75. ,and J.R. Brady. 1982. Florida black bear-beekeeper conflict: 1981 beekeeper surrey. Am. Bee J. 122:372-375. and J. Hintemiister. 1982. A possible white ibis-scarlet ibis hybrid in Alachua County, Florida. Fla. Field Nat. 10:78. and J.R. Brady. 1982. Fall food habits of black bears in Baker and Columbia counties, Florida. Proc.Annu. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Fish and Wildl.Agencies. 36:565-570. M. Conner,and J. Stenberg. 1982. Bird diversity and abundance in three plant communities in Putnam County, Florida. Fla. Field Nat. 10:69-73. A.G. Spratt,and D.K.Voigts. 1983. Bird casualties ata central Florida power plant. Fla. Field Nat. 11:45-49. and J.R. Brady. 1984. Florida status report. Proc. East.Workshop Black bear Manage. Res. 7:2-3. ,and W.R.Marion. 1984. Bird abundance and distribution in a north Florida phosphate mine. Proc.Annu. Conf. Southeast.Assoc. Fish. and Wild!.Agencies. 38:111-120. ,and J.R. Brady. 1984. Food habits of Florida Black bears.J.Wild. Manage.48:230-235. and J.R. Brady. 1984. Comparison of food habits in two north Florida black bear populations. Fla. Scientist.47:171-175. R.V . Repenning,and H.D. Couch,Jr. 1984. Three unusual waterfowl in north Florida phosphate mines. Fla. Field Nat. 12:105-107. ,and J.T. DeFazio. 1985. Foods of black bear; in Florida. Fla. Field Nat. 1 3:8-12. ,and J.A. Rodgers,Jr. 1985. Colonial waterbir ds:an elusive definition. Colonial Waterbirds. 8:186-187. and J.R. Brady. 1986. Food habits of bobcats in Florida. J.Mammal. 67:133-138. ,and J.Q. Smith. 1988. Bird casualties at a cent a i Florida power - plant: 1982-1986. Fla. Field Nat. 16:57-64. ,J.L. Schortemeyer, E.G. Land,and D.K.Jansen. 1988.An unusual nest site for purple martins. Ha. Field Nat. 16:35-37. ,J.N. Layne, E.C. Land,J.W.McCown,and J. Roof. 1988 Long distance rnovernents of a Florida black bear. Fla. Field Nat. 16:1-6. E.D. Land,J.C. Roof,and J.W.McCown. 1990. Eary maternal behavior in the Florida panther.Am.Midi. Nat. 122: in press. • ,J.C. Roof, E.D. Land,J.W.McCown, R.C. Belden,and W.B. Frankenburger. 1989. Fates of wild hogs introduced into occupied panther home ranges. Ha. Field Nat. 17:42-43. ,J.C. Roof, E.D. Land,and J.W.McCown. 1989. First reproduction in a Florida panther(Fells concolorcoryJin southern Florida, U.S A. Mammalia 53:inpress. Marion,W.R.,T.E.O'Meara,and D.S.Machr. 1981. Use of playback recordings in sampling elusive or secretive birds. Studies in Avian Biol. 6:81-85. Marion,W.R., D.S.Maehr,and R.K. Frohlich. 1982. Phosphate mine reclamation and habitats for wildlife. Pages 501-505 in Nat. Symp.on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedirnentology,and Reclamation. Univ.of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. Brady,J.R.,and D.S.Maehr. 1982. Florida status report. Proc. East.Workshop Black Bear Manage. Res. 6:in press. ,and D.S.t,rlaehr. 1982. A new method for dealing with apiary-raiding r-. black bears. Proc.Annu. Conf. Southeast.Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agencies. 36:571-577. Brady,J.R.,and D.S.Machr. 1985. Distribution of black bears in Florida.. Fla. Field Nat. 13:1-7. Wenner,A.S., D.S.Maehr,and S.A. Nesbit 1984.A leucistic eastern phoebe in Alachua County, Florida. Fla. Field Nat. 12:97-98. Roof,J.C.,arid D.S.Maehr. 1988. Sign surreys for Florida.panthers on peripheral areas of their known range. Fla. Held Nat. 16: 31-05. Popular Literature Maehr, D.S. 1982. Beekeeping enters the solar age.Arn. Bee J. 122:280-281. , 1982. The adapb.ble least tern. Fla.. Nat. 55(3):7-10. 1905. The Dry Tortugas. Fla. Nat. 57(4):10. . 1989. Radio telernetry:window on the wildlife world. Fla.Wild'. 43(2):40-41. S.K. Stafford,and H.D. Couch. 1984.Osceola bird colony. Fla.Wild!. 32(4):31-33. Frohlich, R.K.,and D.S.Maehr. 1982. Wasteland wildlife. Fla.Wild!. 35(5):28-31. Rodgers,J.A.,Jr.,and D.S.Maehr. 1982. Wading birds and wetlands. Fla.Wildl. 36(2):30-33. FOOD HABITS OF BOBCATS IN FLORIDA DAVID S. MAEHR AND JAMES R. BRADY Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission,4005 S.Main St., Gainesville,FL 32601(DSM and JRB) Present address of DSM:Big Cypress Wildlife Field Office, 3212 Kelley Rd.,Naples,FL 33942 ABSTRACT—No sex,age,or regional differences in food habits were detected in a study of 413 Florida bobcat stomachs collected from 1977-1983.Seasonal changes in the diet were attributed to variations in prey species abundance due to recruitment(small mammals), hunter mortality (deer/hogs), and migration (wintering bird species). Annual differences in food habits were attributed to a decline in cotton rat availability during 1981. Florida bobcats are specialists on small prey, utilizing birds more frequently and ungulates less frequently than more northern populations. The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is a widely utilized furbearer in Florida, providing over $85,000 annually in pelt sales(Spratt and Brady, 1984). Recent establishment of strict export criteria by the Office of Scientific Authority has increased interest in the management and natural history of this species. Food habits of bobcats in North America have been well documented.However,no published information exists for Florida, and few studies have examined effects of sex and age on prey selection. Further,most work has emphasized winter diets with little or no mention of seasonal or annual variation. Temporal changes in food availability may affect productivity,population density,and movement patterns. This report describes the food of Florida bobcats and discusses effects of sex, age, season, and year on food habits. METHODS Bobcat carcasses were provided by trappers and fur dealers from November 1978 through February 1981. In addition, road-killed and nuisance bobcats were collected opportunistically from 1976-1983. Stomachs were removed,frozen,and identified by county,date,sex,and age.Ages were determined using cementum annuli following Crowe(1975). After thawing, stomach contents were measured (undried) by volumetric displacement in graduated cylinders. Food items not readily identified were stored in alcohol for subsequent comparison with hair keys, field guides, and museum collections. Volume and frequency of occurrence were used to derive aggregate percentages (Martin et al., 1946) which are useful in comparing samples of different volumes (Swanson et al., 1974). Percent frequency was calculated as the total frequency of an item divided by the sum of all frequencies. In many previous studies of bobcat food habits, species occurrences were divided by the total number of samples (stomachs). These figures reflect the proportion of samples containing a particular food item without considering the importance of other species. Where our results are compared with these studies,we present corrected percent occurrence figures. Regions were established by combining counties with similar vegetational patterns following Davis(1967) and Hartman(1978).The Panhandle uplands are dominated by mixed hardwood-pine associations;the Gulf coastline includes tidal marshes,pine flatwoods,and hardwood swamps;the central highlands include pine flatwoods,longleaf pine(Pinus palustris)-xerophytic oak woodlands,hardwood hammocks,and freshwater marshes;the southern region includes scrub cypress,cypress swamp,tropical hammocks,freshwater marshes, and mangrove swamp.Seasons were defined as summer:April-October;fall:November-December;winter: January-March. Scientific names of prey species are indicated in Table 1. Species were lumped into taxonomic or abundance groupings to facilitate statistical analyses.These groups were cotton rats,rabbits,small mammals,deer/hogs,birds,domestic chickens,and plant matter. Frequency of occurrence was examined using Chi-square(Bishop et al., 1975).Aggregate percentages were compared using the von Mises distribution (Stephens, 1982), with class variables, sex, age, region, season, and year. This method is useful "for the analysis of data which are proportions of a continuum such as time or volume"(Stephens,1982:197). J.Mamm.,67(1):133-138,1986 133 134 JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY Vol.67,No. 1 TABLE 1.-Foods of Florida bobcats(1977-1983),based on 413 stomachs. Aggregate Percent Food item Frequency percent' occurrence Mammals 353 84.9 72 Lagomorphs 120 29.1 25 r • Eastern cottontail(Sylvilagus floridanus) 19 5.0 4 .' Marsh rabbit(S.palustris) 13 3.5 3 Unknown rabbit 88 20.6 18 a Rodents and Insectivores 175 40.5 36 Hispid cotton rat(Sigmodon hispidus) 127 31.8 26 Gray squirrel(Sciurus carolinensis) 17 4.0 3 Eastern woodrat(Neotoma floridana) 8 1.7 2 Cotton mouse(Peromyscus gossypinus) 5 1.0 1 Golden mouse(Ochrotomys nuttalli) 3 0.5 <1 Southern flying squirrel(Glaucomys volans) 2 0.3 <1 House mouse(Mus musculus) 2 0.2 <1 Vole(Microtus spp.) 1 t <1 Round-tailed muskrat(Neofiber alleni) 1 0.3 <1 Florida mouse(Podomys floridanus) 1 0.3 <1 Southeastern pocket gopher(Geomys pinetis) 1 0.1 <1 Peromyscus spp. 1 0.3 <1 Unknown rodent 4 t <1 Least shrew(Cryptotia parva) 1 t <1 Unknown shrew 1 t <1 White-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus) 10 2.8 2 Feral pig(Sus scrofa) 7 1.9 1 Opossum(Didelphis virginiana) 7 1.7 1 Raccoon(Procyon lotor) 4 0.9 <1 Unknown mammal 30 8.0 6 Birds 77 10.4 16 Domestic chicken(Gallus gallus) 16 3.4 3 Rufous-sided towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) 7 0.8 1 Northern bobwhite(Colinus virginianus) 6 0.2 1 Carolina wren(Thryothorus ludovicianus) 6 0.4 1 American robin(Turdus migratorius) 5 0.7 <1 Gray catbird(Dumetella carolinensis) 2 0.3 <1 Brown thrasher(Toxostoma rufum) 2 0.6 <1 Common moorhen(Gallinula chloropus) 1 0.3 <1 American coot(Fulica americana) 1 0.2 <1 House wren(Troglodytes aedon) 1 t <1 Common yellowthroat(Geothlypis trichas) 1 t <1 Northern cardinal(Cardinalis cardinalis) 1 0.3 <1 Swamp sparrow(Melospiza georgiana) 1 t <1 Unknown sparrow 1 t <1 Common grackle(Quiscalus quiscula) 1 0.3 <1 Unknown bird 25 2.9 5 Reptiles 2 0.1 <1 Pygmy rattlesnake(Sistrurus miliarius) 1 0.1 <1 Unknown snake 1 t <1 Plant material 56 4.4 11 iTi 'Aggregate percent of species a=-7-,c, N ,where V=volume of species a in stomach i,T=total volume of stomach i,and N=total number of stomachs. F, 2 Percent occurrence=F[,where F,is the total frequency of a species,and F,is the sum of all frequencies. t February 1986 MAEHR AND BRADY—FOOD HABITS OF BOBCATS 135 TABLE 2.—Comparison of food habits in North American bobcats. Percent frequency Rabbit/ Small Study hare mammals Deer Birds ‘ Coastal Plain X 36 31 3 11 This study 25 36 2 16 Fickett(1971) 49 28 <1 11 �� Miller and Speake(1978) 29 14 8 11 Hall(1978) 46 32 0 13 Fritts and Sealander(1978) 39 21 7 8 Fooks(1961) 19 47 6 6 Guenther(1980) 47 38 0 10 Southern Appalachians X 25 40 11 5 Progulske(1955) 30 51 5 6 Kitchings and Story(1979) 35 47 10 5 Fox and Fox(1982) 9 22 18 3 Northeastern U.S.X 32 22 26 5 Pollack(1951) 43 16 23 4 Hamilton and Hunter(1939) 16 31 16 9 Westfall(1956) 15 25 30 9 Berg(1979) 40 25 24 0 Rollings(1945) 44 13 35 2 Western U.S.X 28 34 7 9 Gashwiler et al. (1960) 30 21 20 5 Bailey(1979) 56 17 9 16 Jones and Smith(1979) 19 33 1 7 Toweill(1980) 22 52 3 9 Beasom and Moore(1977) 11 48 2 10 Total X 31 31 12 8 RESULTS P"'N Bobcat prey species contained in 413 stomachs included 18 mammals, 14 birds, and two reptiles(Table 1). Grasses,or other herbaceous monocots occurred in 14% (56)of the stomachs. Cotton rats were the most frequently encountered species, followed by rabbits, gray squirrels, and white-tailed deer. Domestic chickens were the most frequently consumed bird, followed by rufous-sided towhees, northern bobwhites,and Carolina wrens. According to Chi-square analyses,no significant relationships were found between frequency of occurrence of food groups and sex(P >0.1, d.f. =6), age(P >0.1, d.f. =18), season(P > 0.1, d.f. =12), or region (P > 0.1, d.f. =18). Florida bobcats appear to consume rabbits and small mammals in similar proportions to other North American populations (Table 2); deer occurred less frequently while birds were consumed more frequently than reported elsewhere. Analysis of aggregate percent using the von Mises distribution isolated two significant effects. These were, season (P <0.01, F=2.01; numerator d.f. = 12, denominator d.f. =144), and year(P < 0.001;F=3.26;numerator d.f. =12;denominator d.f. = 1,260). DISCUSSION Rabbits and cotton rats combined accounted for 66%-78% of the diet throughout the year, and were the most important foods in all seasons(Fig. 1). Seasonal differences apparently were due to increased presence of rabbits and domestic chickens during summer, increased use of small mammals and deer/hogs in autumn, continued use of deer/hogs and increased use of j birds during winter. Cotton rat use did not change appreciably throughout the year. Our findings support the suggestion by McCord and Cardoza(1982:744)that cotton rats may be more important than rabbits in the southeast Coastal Plain. Presumably, this is due to rela- tively high numbers of cotton rats and fewer rabbits compared with more northern parts of the bobcat's range. 136 JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY Vol.67,No.1 /is\ 50 1979 40 1990 1991 20 ..9 6 10 IN rEfW Daar/ Chicken Bird Small Rabbit Cotton a Hog Mammal Rat -� Q 1030 --' 20 FALL 40 WINTER SPRING FIG. 1.—Annual and seasonal variation in Florida bobcat foods. Ungulate predation by bobcats has long been a concern of sportsmen and wildlife managers in North America. Several studies suggest that bobcat predation on deer peaks during or just after the hunting season when wounded individuals or carrion are more available (Fritts and Sealander, 1978; Pollack, 1951; and others). Others suggest that predation depends upon fawn availability (McCord and Cardoza, 1982:744). In Florida, white-tailed deer parturition occurs from February through November with great intrastate variation(Harlow and Jones, 1965:121; Richter, 1981). Similarly, wild hog births occur year-round in Florida with a peak in late fall t"–, (W. Frankenberger,pers.comm.). No deer or hog remains were found in bobcat stomachs from south Florida,suggesting that other,more easily obtained food is available year-round. In north and central Florida, deer and hogs were found only during fall and winter. Fall occurrences probably were the result of high fawn availability,whereas winter remains were a combination of this and hunter crippling/mortality. Regardless of the method of obtaining deer or hogs, bobcat predation on these species in Florida is very low. This is not the case throughout much of North America where ungulate use increases with latitude (Table 2). Apparently, in higher latitudes,extremely low temperatures and deep snow restrict small mammal activity and make deer one of the most available winter prey. Relatively warm Florida winters encourage rodent and insectivore activity and keep available this abundant and more easily obtained food source. Further, the fall peak in use of small mammals coincides with a peak in recruitment for many of these species(Layne, 1974). Birds, especially ground-dwelling,migrant passerines and northern bobwhites,accounted for a sizeable portion of the winter diet. This contrasts with most northern studies where birds were taken less frequently(Table 2). Although Florida has a depauperate breeding bird species fauna (Crook, 1969) an influx of migrant individuals makes this subtropical state an important win- tering habitat for birds(Robertson and Kushlan, 1974). Further,because most North American migrants spend little time on their breeding grounds(Keast, 1980;Lincoln, 1939:18),bobcats in northern latitudes have limited opportunity to utilize birds. While bobcats in Florida may not alter their winter hunting behavior, they probably consume birds in proportion to their avail- ability. This is illustrated on a regional scale in Table 2 where bird use is high in the Coastal Plain due to increased winter abundance, low in the southern Appalachians and northeastern United States due to the departure of migrants, and moderate in the topographically diverse West where fewer species are latitudinal migrants,but shift their habitat use altitudinally. The February 1986 MAEHR AND BRADY—FOOD HABITS OF BOBCATS 137 occurrence of domestic chickens in our sample reflects local depredation problems and, espe- cially, bait use; most chicken remains were recovered from trapped individuals. Our findings probably represent a somewhat inflated picture of chicken use by Florida bobcats, but overall patterns in prey selection are not affected.Because of this possible bias,chickens are represented separately in Fig. 1. The significant effect of year on bobcat food habits apparently was caused by a greater than 50% drop in cotton rat use during 1981 (Fig. 1). While rabbit use did not change that year, ' other foods were used more frequently. Large, annual fluctuations in population levels have been reported for cotton rats in the Southeast (Layne, 1974; Odum, 1955). Further, cold and dry winters may cause nutritional stress and reduced reproductive activity (Layne, 1974). An examination of climatological data (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1979, 1980, 1981)indicated that December 1980 and January 1981 were low temperature and rainfall months. In particular,January 1981 was 8-9°F below and about 5 cm below normal conditions. Effects of cold and dry weather on food availability may have been initiated in December 1980, but were not manifested in a cotton rat population response until January 1981. Effects of low cotton rat availability on bobcats are unknown;however,we suggest that the continued availability of other small mammals and rabbits and an increase in winter bird abundance may be sufficient to offset this temporary resource shortage. According to Rosenzweig (1966), the bobcat specializes on medium-sized prey. Although rabbits account for a large proportion of the diet, cotton rats, other small mammals, and birds account for over 50% (aggregate percent). Apparently, in Florida, bobcats are small prey spe- cialists. The nine-banded armadillo(Dasypus novemcinctus)is a very abundant,medium-sized Florida mammal, and both Carr (1983) and Humphrey (1974) suggest that bobcats may be important predators. Further,armadillos are a commonly"road-killed"animal in Florida(Gal- breath, 1982:77) and are abundant as carrion. It is interesting that no remains of armadillos have been found in any studies of food habits of southeastern bobcats. It is possible that the bony carapace and armored extremities provide an effective defense against all but the largest r„, predators such as black bears(Ursus americanus)(Maehr and Brady,1984)and Florida panthers (Felts concolor) (C. Belden, pers. comm.). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank C. L. Abercrombie for his persistence with refining and conducting critical aspects of data analysis.T.Weber and J.Cox,Florida State Museum,assisted with specimen identification.S.T.Schwikert assisted with specimen collection and necropsies. B. O'Brien assisted with computer programming and L. D. Harris, J. A. Rodgers, Jr., J. E. Cardoza, and W. J. Hamilton, Jr., made suggestions improving the manuscript. This is a contribution of Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Program, Florida Pittman-Rob- ertson Project W-41-R. LITERATURE CITED BAILEY, T. N. 1979. Den ecology, population pa- CROOK,R.E. 1969. Variation in species density of rameters and diet of eastern Idaho bobcats. Pp. North American birds.Syst. Zool., 18:63-84. 62-69, in Bobcat research conference proceed- CROWE,D.M. 1975. Aspects of aging,growth,and ings.Sci.Tech. Ser.6,Nat.Wildl.Fed., 1-137. reproduction of bobcats from Wyoming. J. BEASOM, S. L., AND R. A. MOORE. 1977. Bobcat Mamm.,56:177-198. food habit response to a change in prey abun- DAVIS,J. H. 1967. General map of natural vege- dance.Southwestern Nat.,21:451-457. tation of Florida. Circular,Inst. Food Agric.Sci., BERG,W.E. 1979. Ecology of bobcats in northern Agric.Expt. Sta.,Univ. Florida,S-178:1. • Minnesota.Pp.55-61,in Bobcat research confer- FICKETT,S. B.,JR. 1971. Food habits data for the ence proceedings. Sci. Tech. Ser. 6, Nat. Wildl. bobcat in Florida.Florida Game and Fresh Water Fed., 1-137. Fish Comm.,W-41-R-18:15. BISHOP, Y. M. M., S. E. FIENBERG, AND P. W. FOOKS,L.G. 1961. Food habits of indigenous Can- HOLLAND. 1975. Discrete multivariate analyses: idae and Felidae in Arkansas based on complete theory and practice. The MIT Press,Cambridge, and sample analyses of stomach contents.Unpubl. 557 pp. M.S.thesis,Univ.Arkansas,Monticello,52 pp. CARR,A. 1983. Armadillo dilemma.Animal King- Fox, L. B.,AND J. S. Fox. 1982. Population char- dom.85(5):40-43. acteristics and food habits of bobcats in West Vir- 138 JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY Vol.67,No. 1 •"""N,ginia.Proc.Ann.Conf.S.E.Fish and Wildl.Agen- MAEHR,D.S.,AND J.R.BRADY. 1984. Food habits cies,36:671-677. of Florida black bears. J. Wildl. Mgmt., 48:230- FRITTS,S.H.,AND J. A.SEALANDER. 1978. Diets of 235. bobcats in Arkansas with special reference to age MARTIN, A. C., R. H. GENSCH, AND C. P. BROWN. and sex differences.J.Wildl. Mgmt.,42:533-539. 1946. Alternative methods in upland gamebird GALBREATH,G. J. 1982. Armadillo. Pp. 71-79,in food analysis.J.Wildl.Mgmt., 10:8-12. Wild mammals of North America(J.A.Chapman McCoRD,C.M.,AND J.E.CARDOZA. 1982. Bobcat and G. A. Feldhamer,eds.). John Hopkins Univ. and lynx.Pp.728-766,in Wild mammals of North Press,Baltimore, 1,147 pp. America (J. A. Chapman and G. A. Feldhamer, t s GASHWILER, J. S., W. L. ROBINETTE, AND O. W. eds.).John Hopkins Univ.Press,Baltimore, 1,147 MORRIS. 1960. Food of bobcats in Utah and east- pp. em Nevada.J. Wildl. Mgmt.24:226-229. MILLER,S.D.,AND D.W.SPEAKE. 1978. Prey uti- GUENTHER,D. D. 1980. Home range,social orga- lization by bobcats on quail plantations in south- nization, and movement patterns of the bobcat, ern Alabama.Proc.Ann.Conf.S.E.Fish and Wildl. Lynx rufus, from spring to fall in south-central Agencies,32:100-111. Florida.Unpubl.M.S.thesis,Univ.of South Flor- NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRA- ida,Tampa,66 pp. TION. 1979-1981. Climatological data annual HALL,H. T.,JR. 1973. An ecological study of the summary-Florida., Natl. Climatic Cent., Ashe- bobcat in southern Louisiana.Unpubl.M.S.thesis, ville,N.C.,83(13):1-11. Louisiana State Univ.,Baton Rouge, 132 pp. ODUM,E.P. 1955. An eleven-year history of a Sig- HAMILTON, W. J., JR., AND R. P. HUNTER. 1939. modon population.J. Mamm.,36:368-378. Fall and winter food habits of Vermont bobcats. POLLACK, E. M. 1951. Food habits of the bobcat J.Wildl. Mgmt.,3:99-103. in the New England states. J. Wildl. Mgmt., 15: HARLOW,R.F.,AND F.K.JONES. 1965. The white- 209-213. tailed deer in Florida.Tech. Bull.,Florida Game PROGULSKE,D. R. 1955. Game animals utilized as and Fresh Water Fish Comm.,9:1-240. food by the bobcat in the southern Appalachians. HARTMAN,B. 1978. Description of major terrestrial J. Wildl.Mgmt.,19:249-253. and wetland habitats of Florida. Pp. xiii-xvi, in RICHTER,A.R. 1981. Comparisons of reproductive Rare and endangered biota of Florida-mammals characteristics in geographically disjunct white- (J. N. Layne, ed.). Univ. Presses of Florida, tailed deer herds in Florida. Unpubl. M.S. thesis, Gainesville,52 pp. Univ.of Florida,Gainesville,81 pp. HUMPHREY,S.R. 1974. Zoogeography of the nine- ROBERTSON, W. B.,JR., AND J. A. KUSHLAN. 1974. banded armadillo(Dasypus novemcinctus)in the The southern Florida avifauna. Pp. 414-452 in United States. BioScience,24:457-462. Environments of south Florida: present and past JoNEs,J.H.,AND N.S.SMITH. 1979. Bobcat density (P. J. Gleason, ed.). Miami Geological Society, and prey selection in central Arizona. J. Wildl. Miami,452 pp. Mgmt.,43:666-672. ROLLINGS,C. T. 1945. Habits,foods and parasites KEAST,A. 1980. Spatial relationships between mi- of the bobcat in Minnesota. J. Wildl. Mgmt., gratory parulid warblers and their ecological 9:131-145. counterparts in the neotropics. Pp. 109-130, in ROSENZWEIG,M.L. 1966. Community structure in Migrant birds in the neotropics:ecology,behavior, sympatric Carnivora.J.Mamm.,47:602-612. distribution,and conservation(A.Keast and E.S. SPRATT, A. G., AND J. R. BRADY. 1984. Furbearer Morton, eds.). Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washing- status report,1983-1984.Florida Game and Fresh ton,D.C.,576 pp. Water Fish Comm.,Tallahassee,mimeo,8 pp. KITCHINGS, J. T., AND J. D. STORY. 1979. Home STEPHENS, M. A. 1982. Use of the von Mises dis- range and diet of bobcats in eastern Tennessee. tribution to analyse continuous proportions. Bio- Pp. 47-52, in Bobcat research conference pre- metrika,69:197-203. ceedings. Sci. Tech. Ser. 6, Nat. Wildl. Fed., 1- SWANSON,G.A.,G.L.KARPU,J.L.BARTONEK,J.R. 137. SERIE,AND D.H.JOHNSON. 1974. Advantages in LAYNE,J. N. 1974. Ecology of small mammals in mathematically weighting waterfowl food habits a flatwoods habitat in northcentral Florida, with data.J. Wildl. Mgmt.,38:302-307. emphasis on the cotton rat(Sigmodon hispidus). TOWEILL, D. E. 1980. Sex and age structure in Amer. Mus.Novitates,2544:1-48. Oregon bobcat populations.Oregon Dept.Fish and LINCOLN,F.C. 1939. The migration of American Wildl.Research Report.,W-70-R, 1-32. birds.Doubleday,Doran and Company,Inc.New WESTFALL,C. Z. 1956. Foods eaten by bobcats in York, 189 pp. Maine.J. Wildl.Mgmt.,20:199-200. Submitted 10 February 1985.Accepted 22 July 1985. ARTIFICIAL HABITAT Status of birds using phosphate-mined lands in Florida A look at the birdlife of a manmade habitat in its early stages of succession David S. Maehr SURFACE MINING IS OFTEN associated Table 1. Birds of Florida phosphate mines. with degradation of the landscape and LEGEND: the elimination of avian habitat. Al- Habitats Status Relative Abundance though some studies on birds have noted UM Unreclaimed Mines r Year Round Resident A Abundant benefits to a few opportunistic bird spe- ESSP Early Successional m Migrant C Common cies(Allaire 1978b,Kimmel and Samuel Settling Ponds s Summer Resident U Uncommon 1978,Whitmore and Hall 1978,Wray et LSSP Late Successional w Winter Resident I Incidental Settling Ponds n Nesting al. 1978), most research indicates that RM Reclaimed Mines surface mining decreases bird use in both v abundance and species richness(Brewer Relative Abundance 1958, Karr 1968, Allaire 1978a, Craw- SPECIES STATUS UM ESSP LSSP RM ford et al. 1978). Although the observa- Corn. Loon m I tions and trends reported in the above Pied-billed Grebe rn C A C C studies may reflect surface mining of coal Horned Grebes w U in general, they do not reflect conse- Am. White Pelican wm C quences of all surface mining activities. Double-crested Cormorant rn C A C C This paper is an attempt to summarize the Anhinga rn C C C C Amstatus of 176 bird species that have been Least Biittte m U Bittern sn C C identified on phosphate-mined lands in Great Blue Heron r C C C C Florida. It also is intended to focus atten- Great Egret' rn C A C C tion on a temporary landscape that is ap- Snowy Egret' rn C C C C parently attractive to and heavily used by Little Blue Heron' rn C C C C a variety of bird species. Tricolored Heron rn C C C C Phosphate mining is a rapidly increas Cattle Egret m. C C A C Green-backed Heron rn C C A C ing land-use in the United States. Meth- Black-crowned Night-Heron' rn C C C C ods of extraction are similar to surface White Ibis' rn C mining of coal,but local geology,topog- Glossy Ibis' sn C raphy, and phosphate-processing meth- Wood Stork' s U U ods contribute to the creation of dissimi- Tundra Swana w I lar landscapes.Florida has produced over Greater White-fronted Gooses w I I 90%of the phosphate mined in the Unit- SnowGoose w U Canada P Canaada Goose w I I ed States and accounts for approximately Wood Duck rn C C C C one-third of world production (Zellars Green-winged Teal w C C and Williams 1978). Over 77,000 hec- Am. Black Duck w U tares have been mined in Florida since the Mottled Duck r U late 1800s (Hawkins 1979) and projec- Mallard r U U U N./"�, tions forecast the exhaustion of high- Bl - g w C Bluee-ww innC ed Teal wrn A A A U quality domestic reserves within 30 years Cinnamon Teal" w I (Lincer 1979). N. Shoveler w C A A Reprinted from: AMERICAN BIRDS, January-February 1984, Vol. 38, No. 1, p. 28-31 Published by THE NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY Printed in U.S. A. i Table 1. (Continued) In the United States,phosphate mining Relative Abundance is concentrated in the marine sediments of northern and west-central Florida.Flat SPECIES STATUS UM ESSP LSSP RM terrain and high pH substrates are not Gadwall w C C characterized by rapid surface run-off Wiw C C and acid mine drainage, problems com- Am.Canvasback w U U monly associated with coal extraction. Redhead w U Habitats associated with phosphate Ring-necked Duck w A mining are highly variable.Dragline-cre- Lesser Scaup w A ated mine pits fill rapidly with water and Oldsquaw w U result in finger lakes bisected by tall spoil Surf Scoter' w I piles.Scant vegetation is characteristic of White-winged Scoter w I Corn. Goldeneyed w U heavily eroded spoil piles and of deeply Bufflehead w C flooded mine pits.The most conspicuous Hooded Merganser w A A features of modern phosphate mines are Corn. Merganser° w I huge impoundments (settling ponds) Red-breasted Mergansers w U used for the disposal of phosphate-proc- Ruddy Duck wrn A A essing waste. This waste is a phosphate- Black Vulture r C C C C rich clay slurry that is pumped consider- Turkey Vulture r C C C C Osprey2 r C C C able distances to settling ponds for Bald Eaglet r U U dewatering and consolidation. Because N. Harrier w C C C C slurry is highly adsorptive and dries very Sharp-shinned Hawk w U slowly, it may still contain 70% water Cooper's Hawka,4w U even after 20 years of dewatering and Red-shouldered Hawk r C C C consolidation (Farmer and Blue 1978). Red-tailed Hawk r C C C Further, because the volume of slurry Kestrel w C C C C is Peregrine Falcona m U U greater than the volume of ore removed, N. Bobwhite r C C C C the swollen clay necessitates above- King Raila w C ground storage. Slurry is pumped into Virginia Raila w U previously mined or unmined diked im- Sora w A poundments characterized by scattered Corn. Purple Gallinule sn C Moorhen rn C A A C spoil islands and flooded flatwoods trees, Am. Coot w A A A A respectively. Younger settling ponds Limpkinc•4 r C (early successional)are characterized by Sandhill Cranea•2 m U expanses of open water and scattered Black-bellied Ploverb m U Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes), Semipalmated Plover m U while older settling ponds (late succes- Killdeer r C C C C Black-necked Stilt sn C C C sional)are invaded by Coastal Plain Wil- Am. Avocetd•4 m U low (Salix caroliniana), cat-tails (Typha Greater Yellowlegs w C C C C spp.)and other aquatic and semi-aquatic Lesser Yellowlegs w C C C C plants. Settling areas with dead trees or Solitary Sandpiper w U U U U willow thickets often contain extensive Spotted Sandpiper w U U U U colonies of Double-crested Cormorants, Semipalmated Sandpiper m C C C C W. Sandpiper m C Anhingas, Black crowned Night-Her- Least ight HerLeast Sandpiper m C C C C ons, Cattle and Great egrets, Wood White-rumped Sandpiperb m U Storks, and White Ibises. Pectoral Sandpiper m C C C Reclamation of affected areas is re- Dunlinb m U quired by state and local laws but unlike Stilt Sandpiperb m U coal mining, phosphate-mine reclama- Long-billed Dowitcher m U U U tion does not fall under anyFederal uris- Lom. SnipeCurrently, reclaimedw C C C C Laughing Gull w C C diction. most land Bonaparte's Gull w U U is created by flattening and contouring Ring-billed Gull w A A C U spoil piles and planting Bahia Grass(Pa- Herring Gull" w U U spalum notatum). The resultant land- Gull-billed Tema m U U scape consists of grass-covered uplands Caspian Tern• m U Corn. Tern' m U interspersed with deep finger lakes. Forster's Tern w C Least Tern2 sn C C C HE VARIETY OF NEW LANDSCAPES as- Mourning Dove rn C C phosphate mining Black Tern m U 1 sociated with hos hatehas „.,,,\ Corn. Ground Dove rn C provided habitats previously unavailable Yellow-billed Cuckoo s C to birds in the mined regions of Florida. Smooth-billed Ani° s U However, phosphate mining also has eliminated habitat for many woodland Table 1. (Continued) species (Maehr 1980:39). The majority of unreclaimed phosphate-mined habitats Relative Abundance are now dominated by wetlands, and the SPECIES STATUS UM ESSP LSSP RM species using them are characteristic of natural marshes and swamps.The impor- Corn. Barn-Owl` r U Gr tance of aquatic habitats to birds in phos- ort Short-earedHoeded OO Owls r U wl w I phate-mined lands is reflected by the 95 Com. Nighthawk s C C wetland species(54%of total)identified Chuck-will's widow' s U in three major phosphate mine ecology Chimney Swift s C C studies (Nat'l Fish and Wildlife Labora- Ruby-throated Hummingbird s U U tory 1978, Maehr 1980, Schnoes and Belted Kingfisher r C C C C Humphrey 1980). According to Kale Red-bellied Woodpecker r U U U Yellow-bellied Sapsucker w U (1978), two species (1.2%) are listed as Downy Woodpecker r U U endangered, four species (2.3%) as Hairy Woodpeckert•4 r U U threatened, two species (1.2%) as rare, N. Flicker r C U U and 13 species(7.5%)as species of spe- Pileated Woodpecker` r U cial concern (Table 1). The majority E. Wood-Peweea m U (86%)of the above species are also asso E. Phoebe w C C C C ciated with wetlands. Great Crested Flycatcher s U C E. Kingbird s U C U Table 1 is a synthesis of the three re- Purple Martin" s U U cent studies of animal communities on Tree Swallow w A A A A phosphate-mined lands in Florida as well N. Rough-winged Swallow sn C C C C as some additional records. The first Bank Swallows m C C C C Barn Swallow m C C C C study on phosphate-mined lands in Flor- Blue Jay` r C ida was conducted in Hamilton County, Am. Crow r C C C C in northern Florida, by the U.S. Fish & Fish Crow r C C C C Wildlife Service(Nat'l Fish and Wildlife Tufted Titmouse' r C Laboratory 1978) to determine potential Carolina Wren r C C impacts of mining on federally listed House Wren w C C C Sedge Wren w C wildlife species. This same site was also Marsh Wren` w U U r^.. studied by Maehr (1980) to document Ruby-crowned Kinglet w C A seasonal habitat use by birds. Schnoes Blue-gray Gnatcatcher° w C C and Humphrey (1980) studied wildlife E. Bluebird r C C C communities on a variety of sites in cen Hermit Thrush` w U Wood tral Florida. Because censusing tech Thrush w U Am. Am. Robin w A A A A niques were different among these stud- Gray Catbird w U C U ies, direct comparisons of data were N. Mockingbird rn C C C C impossible.However,general patterns in Brown Thrasher rn U U abundance were discernible, so the bird Water Pipit w U species lists were combined and subjec- Cedar Waxwing` w C C tive abundance values were assigned to Loggerhead Shrike m C C each species. The information should be Eur. Starling rn C C C C White-eyed Vireo rn U U C viewed with the realization that wetlands Tennessee Warblera m U in the United States are disappearing at a Orange-crowned Warbler m C C rapid rate(Stegman 1976),and that most N. Parula sn U U phosphate-mined habitats (except those Yellow Warbler' m U reclaimed) are relatively temporary and Yellow-rumped Warbler w A A A A short-lived. Therefore, the species com Prairie Warbler m U Palm Warbler w C U C U position of these areas is expected to Black-and-white Warbler` w U change drastically as a result of current Am. Redstart`3 m U U trends in mining, reclamation proce- Prothonotary Warblers s U dures,and ecological succession on these Louisiana Waterthrusha3 s C sites. Corn. Yellowthroat rn C C A C Summer Tanager sn U C Although the needs of wildlife are par- N. Cardinal rn C C C U tially addressed in recent reclamation Blue Grosbeak s U U U regulations, the technology for replace- Indigo Bunting s U U U ment of natural wetlands (wet prairies, Painted Bunting w U pine flatwoods, cypress and gum Rufous-sided Towhee rn C C U "1 swamps,etc.) is in its infancy. This fact Chipping Sparrow w C Savannah Sparrow w A U U A is supported by the observation that fewer Song Sparrow w C C C C species use reclaimed habitats, all of Swamp Sparrow w C C A C a s , • Table 1. (Continued) RATORY. 1978. Osceola Nat'l Forest phosphate extraction and processing: im- Relative Abundance pacts on federally listed threatened or en- SPECIES STATUS UM ESSP LSSP RM dangered and other species of concern. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gaines- ,"\ White-throated Sparrow' w C ville, FL. 414pp. Dark-eyed Junco" w U SCHNOES, R. S., and S. R. HUMPHREY. Bobolink m U U C 1980. Terrestrial plant and wildlife corn- Red-winged Blackbird m A A A A munities on phosphate-mined lands in cen- E. Meadowlark r C C C C tral Florida.Florida State Mus.Spec.Sci. Rusty Blackbird w C C Rep. No. 3,Gainesville, FL 192pp. Boat-tailed Grackle rn A A A C STAFFORD, S. K. 1979. Inland records of Corn. Grackle m U U U U Oldsquaws and Surf Scoter from north Brown-headed Cowbird m U U U U Florida. Florida Field Nat. 7:25-26. Orchard Orioles m C STEGMAN,J.L. 1976.Overview of current Total Species 96 148 109 85 wetland classification and inventories in Total Species for all habitats 176 the United States and Canada: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv.Pages 102-120 in J.H. aFrom Maehr 1980. bFrom National Fish and Wildlife Laboratory 1978. Sather, Ed. Nat'l Wetland Classification From Schnoes and Humphrey 1980. and Inventory Workshop Proceedings- dFrom Florida Game&Fresh Water Fish Commission harvest records. 1975, Univ. of Maryland. U.S. Fish and 'From Stafford 1979. Wildlife Serv.., Washington, D.C. 'Listed as endangered(Kale 1978). WHITMORE,R.C.,and G.A.HALL. 1978. 2Listed as threatened(Kale 1978). The response of passerine species to a new 3Listed as rare(Kale 1978). resource:reclaimed surface mines in West 'Listed as species of special concern(Kale 1978). Virginia. Am. Birds 32:6-9. WRAY,T.,II,P.B.WACKENHUT,and R. which are highly altered, disturbed land- ginia. Pages 241-246 in D. E. Samuel,J. C.WHITMORE. 1978.The reproductive g y biology of passerine birds breeding on re- sca es, than anyof the others studied R.Stauffer,C.H.Hocutt,and W.T.Ma- p son,Eds. Surface Mining and Fish/Wild claimed surface mines in northern West (Table 1). Apparently, current reclama- Virginia.Pages 333-344 in D.E.Samuel, life Needs in the Eastern United States, tion practices replace landscape features J. R. Stauffer, C. H. Hocutt, and W. T. West Virginia Univ./Fish and Wildlife Mason, Eds. Surface miningand Fish/ and habitat diversity attractive to birds Serv. (USDI). Morgantown, WV. with a relatively sterile, little-used habi- FARMER, E. E., and W.G. BLUE. 1978. Wildlife Needs in the Eastern United tat. This information should serve as a Reclamation of lands mined for phos- States, West Virginia Univ./Fish and baseline for comparisons between to- phate. Pages 585-607 in F. W. Schaller WV life Serv. (USDI). Morgantown, day's phosphate-mine bird communities and P.Sutton,Eds.Reclamation of Drasti- ZELLARS, M. E., and S. M. WILLIAMS. d.'"\ tally Disturbed Lands, Proceedings of a and those found in the future as a cons'- 1978. Evaluation of the phosphate depos- Symposium. Ohio Agric. Res. and Exp. quence of changes in mining and recla- Stn., Wooster, OH. its of Florida using the minerals availabil- mation procedures, succession, or the HAWKINS,W.H. 1979.Reclamation of dis- ity system.USDI,Pittsburgh,PA. 196pp. eventual cessation of mining in Florida. turbed phosphate land in central Florida- past,present,and future. Paper presented -Florida Game & Fresh Water ACKNOWLEDGMENTS at the workshop Reclamation of Surface- Fish Commission, mined Lands in the Southeastern Coastal 4005 South Main Street, My appreciation is extended to Herbert Plains, Gainesville, FL. Gainesville, Florida 32601. KALE, H. W., II (Ed.) 1978. Rare and En- W.Kale,II for invaluable suggestions on dangered Biota of Florida. Vol. 2, Birds. improving the manuscript,and to Wayne Univ. Presses of Florida, Gainesville, R. Marion for support during my field 121pp. work. KARR,J.R. 1968.Habitat and avian diversi- ty on strip-mined land in east-central Illi- LITERATURE CITED nois. Condor 70:348-357. KIMMEL,R.O.,and D.E.SAMUEL. 1978. ALLAIRE, P. N. 1978a. Effects on avian Ruffed Grouse use of a twenty-year-old populations adjacent to an active strip- surface mine. Pages 345-351 in D. E. t4 Yi mine site.Pages 232-240 in D.E.Samuel, Samuel,J.R.Stauffer,C.H. Hocutt,and ;,. J. R. Stauffer, C. H. Hocott, and W. T. W. T. Mason, Eds. Surface Mining and4 � a• ; Reprinted from Proceedings Seventh Eastern Workshop on Black Bear Research and Management DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK BEARS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA DAVID S. MAEHR,Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission,4005 S.Main St., Gainesville,FL 32601 Black bears apparently were once widespread founder effect (Carson 1983), and the greater impact throughout the forested regions of North America of natural and unnatural disasters on fragmented (Pelton 1982). As a result of habitat destruction and populations should cause concern for many of our persecution by man, black bears are now restricted to "island" black bear populations. Diamond (1978) large tracts of remote woodlands. The distribution of states, "If immigration rates are zero, then it is only a black bears in eastern North America seems to be a question of time before even the largest population dynamic one; some populations on the decline, while with the most extensive range fluctuates out of others are stable or increasing their range. Several esistence." The area of greatest concern appears to be range maps detail, with varying accuracy, the distri- all of the sotheastern United States, especially in light bution of black bears in North America (Burt and of the increasing rate of human immigration and con- Grossenheider 1976:49, Jonkel 1978:229, Pelton 1982, comittant pressure on natural resources. Rue 1967:127). All of these maps indicate relatively I gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of Gary large patches of inhabited range, overestimating cov- Alt, Harold Barber, Arnold Boer, Jim Brady, Louis erage in some areas while underestimating in others. Brunett, James Cardoza, Pat Carr, John Collins, Dick These inconsistencies are based, in part, on small map Conley, Bill Crawford, Dave Garshelis, Ken Grahl, size and inaccurate distribution data. Figure 1 is a Keith Guyse,Joe Hamilton,W.J.Hamrick,El Harger, representation of the modern distribution of black Paul Herig, Hélène Jolicoeur, Bruce Kohn, George bears in eastern North America, based on the best Kolenosky, Shane Mahoney, Denny Martin, George available information. Matula, Pat McConnell, Craig McLaughlin, Karen Blank range maps, usually on standard size typing Noyce, John O'Pezio, Eric Orff, A. E. Patton, Larry paper, were sent to biologists working with black Pharris, Joe Rieffenberger, Lynn Rogers, Pat Ruble, ^ bears, or others familiar with bear distribution in each Leroy Rutske, Gary Taylor, and Charles Willey. With- state or province known to support a black bear popu- out their knowledge and expertise this map would be lation. Respondents were requested to indicate known nothing more than a good idea. Thanks, also, to Pat occupied range, areas of occasional sightings, and areas Klause and Larry Wilson for help with map construc- of unknown status. Because very few "unknown" areas tion. were reported, this classification was deleted in the final map. Individual responses were transferred to a LITERATURE CITED tracing paper overlay on a 50 x 60 cm image (scale 17mm = 100km).Participants of the 7th Eastern Black Burt,W. H., and R. P. Grossenheider. 1976. A field guide to the Bear Workshop were requested to comment on the mammals. Third edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. overlay by indicating needed distribution changes. Be Boston,Massachusetts.289 pp. 1 Cause countyor townshipboundaries would have Carson, H. L. 1983. The genetics of founder effect. Pages 189-200 in C. M. S. Schonewald-Cox, S. M. Chambers, B. MacBryde, cluttered the appearance of the map, state and prov- and W. L. Thomas, eds. Genetics and conservation. The ince boundaries as well as major rivers were indicated Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. Menlo Park, to act as political and geographic landmarks. California. Range maps can be useful, not onlyas indicators Diamond, J. M. 1978. Critical areas for maintaining viable g P populations of species. Pages 27-40 in M. W. Holdgate and of local (time specific) distribution, but also as indices M. J. Woodman, eds. The breakdown and restoration of to population dynamics (Udvardy 1981). The maps ecosystems. Plenum Press. New York. mentioned earlier have little usefulness for tracking Frankel, 0. H., and M. E. Soule. 1981. Conservation and evolu- tion. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. population g 327 pp. Figure 1, distribution changes on a local scale may be Hall, E. R., and K. R. Kelson. 1959. The mammals of North discernable when a future map revision is made. America. Volume II. The Ronald Press Company, New York. A very patchy, fragmented distribution is apparent 1161 pp. in parts of Figure 1. This, apparently, is considerably Jonkel, C. 1978. Black, brown (grizzly), and polar bears. Pages 227-248 in J. L. Schmidt and D. L. Gilbert, eds. Big game of different from the black bear's historic range which North America. Stackpole Books. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. covered all of the eastern United States and Canada Pelton, M. R. 1983. Black bear. Pages 504-514 in J. A. Chapman and G. A. Feldhammer, eds. Wild mammals of North Amer- except Prince Edward Island and the northern-most ica. The John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Mary- reaches of Quebec and Newfoundland (Hall and Kel- land. son 1959). In the east,black bears have been extirpated Rue, L. L., III. 1967. Pictorial guide to the mammals of North from approximately half of their historic range. The America.Thomas Y. Crowell Company, New York.299 pp. n isolation of once interacting black bear populations Udvardy, M. D. F. 1981. An overview of grid-based atlas works in ortnithology. Pages 103-109 in C. J. Ralph and J. M. may have significant negative impacts on the species. Scott, eds. Estimating numbers of terrestrial birds. Stud. Inbreeding depression (Frankel and Soule 1981:3.3), Avian Biol.6. 74 PROC.EAST.WORKSHOP BLACK BEAR MANAGE.RES.7: 1984 v • 2 .:•.:-.-..:::::.::...-1.......-•...::::...11.1.;,:l.g.:•...1111.1:::ilillill:Ii.:111i:Ii..:::::!:•::::k0:11:::::::1111:11iIII:ilill...1111111..11111111111:ilil.:11......:11....1:::1..:111111....:1,:::::.11:.::11:ii:1111:11...1!.!:!..!!!::::!!:!.::::.:',...!.......aiiiifilt.:•:::•.!:::!...:::,!':,;,.!!.!"..!:7...!::::.::::,::: :.::-..:11:1.1.:11.1.:1:.1::::::.:1::."'::::::::.:i1::::11'111.:!.:1111:11:1:::11:1.1.-11!::.!....1::!::::::1:!:::....:.:::::::::.:::.:::::::::::::...i1.!:::111.::1..:1:::1:::-.illli.1.11i.111i.l......111...........!::::::1:11:::.:::111:ill...".1111........1:1.1.......:::::.1:::Illi:11111111:::111::::111111....:11::::::::".111......!..:11..........I'll......i'llii.11.......:11111...!1::::!111:::1111.....:1111111.11:::1111:11111.......::::::1::::::1:1!".:1::...:::::111:::111:.:111;11...............11.:::1..:::1:1::..11:1:::11171..........i:::ii::::::ii:1::::11:11.:::::::::..1:::1111.11:::::::::::::i..., ri- S a w o»< .„41.4g..... �E: :S 3a, $ R. d. � � J 8 ,b>£ Q3$ "b{3s P .S . g %a b:> �o :,S,a+ » y.R' »..R' 4$ 4` :K to �.$$gS$.... x$: s ..,•:,,,...,,,,,,,,. YJf'<'" o� ;111° t*,?4,e,„ 8 :,a e 5:>; Rx d� i"�v W ,>TQc5 rR '64 t Qvf, ff�0 >4 S -1I °{ R:< E' d ,P to w $' E a ° t�S > ^: hs k ..;.i.',-.,.......„... ty'd. ° -`„ E tgba>. WP? W<?'<b: 3W"��:Qbi , ^.rq,W,0,,. °R.`Q 11 .Y..°. !:5 3 oK d R ;V '»:S ::a"«. L 8 0• .ta. :¢.<� +oa a 4P• -P ;� y 4 b+ W°gigllIlllgIIIIIIIIIIIIF b.0 a :: P aE$"; ,.t,. +gid a 3.� u <8�4 s.> `:4` f<�b> 0`4"3 ,a,k ,C4,bv Q>Pt{i R ,b: a 5. o,t }.4?. oxwb 4:'S!yu< 37,0 ,$. a> W tb. .sib, �;4 3 EE$o 4 f S„ r,bw :<5. W� bs,.a��� SQc :a+ 4 k3,b. ,bY� W / +Y u> R.. b o:,a� b.0> <80> Ek, t Q>,t :f,0 °wc>i'u b 0 .:63',� + !4 4>,P:PQ'� W` 0�45n �a>< t.E><a° "n) `? °'8 <$ W ooar3 r ��9y s,o 8 t <80 r>' ,b i.$ w.0 +».3i Q,E: ,8$> Rs xW a 8 9 S oy » Eiw Y"0 8N< S a>:r {Q>.y .. 4 R.< cY< "'S a .@. c.;3 b :8+ i, S:W :% R 4> A.. s,8 ;n� w, a$ w i 8 a:, P+; b' ,Q$r ca.: :o4:.a� <�� S:W °Q5R{ rou a n } �$, b?@,^°d r, P !,E 'kn Wu Re d 4 o>4RF°�4 8* '� 3 S 1.::.., G YG ..P',40.0 dqg 3a:��I/ A: >a e>`�@•14: ,.° Ybgedac,.3°o.$oso'b'' d.' .6 C4�? - RF if k .[Q/// a. QRo:,0,.{4a3 bb '�Y Po$ga$$g8885`�»'4 a y�_• .< 8:„,..s kE:.. .8+l .:A� �,�,s a xt<'i88 tmooa?>{°�8�`r as�::o cN��$y°a%a°ta8w�+5$.o>"$as<uBg,— r".�.s�;. {E»<»;!:� w oc+w' p e>>eg�.��y/ :. ^"miss k 10.160a$b'4 4>BP,.fi<b 'P44 o,Uo34: r.8P ./ ,'d>+CA bg< 0 R :A// /,,,..:..--., R R °d.< a b gP :.,o R ,! ,�.. 5: b <w 0.$>o $7 •`,g$E;E3:5 $E3''YfVil E$> b <>E°'`$ £E a i:O 4' :$4 +t P.. wva o3$sE,E W<o:wE�> E N° .�['•bw°vb° <� 6 F,'b� � / u+4.n '�Se<3` / °,i:WR >sW"o 4>w .sk'E` 2u$P <S.5 `$e E?.san,y°' °o$oW o oE'o.. #. 'R':4>.gY.". :w!Ff$:.°,oW'� ?.b. ..<t b>^:,.N..t. Q..:iS.e!:$. >qv :vim. R$,8">" q:.yj! :iiii .... ....... i dR>:.3:b3:3>:n>F`:<:>''�$' 6$"° .r.£4..g'.i %.x:CO, � $'`saf q'.tea yy 9R$' $8: •�. a: --! a-wig$o:?uhb$:$ts`01`o°'• :Q'o`,»<7>8,:ate`. ��66BB$>ohs. `P.'$R$Sg.$>ow/.!' U 'gaq :'w[.$°a _''°c> s?`.< {oib!6 '$3>WOK`oE$jEuB.A, rieQ48S�»°I� :>R P 45� g.•,:d. 04 u P Ni R!' .Qgw ,�r� 0�R`�` s§ 4. S y� R>.,. ? D V ^"bQEY.a : 7 .�iiii:il�?iiiiiiiii: :8a5:EE 6 0 / �I 8o,8Q / a�s`E s . h I) 4 k bad S b » F RF, b P:.: O 6 .::::: :::::::::::::.:.... 03:::::.• { 7:3%; » gg 0/ {, b ab.o s • a< [.w 7V` g,> .r: ?a �: { oa, ?k >,3 <b'o b. yd 7 c I • P 53- o 'ii :,s,b w: .,Ps:, �kYi E> 'T a a: b Q- 3. ° P A his P. .W.: 3 ?��f 'r yytt��uu 1�S�al3n d" G'3: ar' $4 !!!!!!.!!!!.!.!!..!•,.,...4.,!., .................... : :.aka......... ........................ // .i ri.k $8Ga fiWa a 93 ........ ..................... • • • ........ ...................... . ........ ..................... ............................... ............................... ................................ ax..,?.0.,,,,..:%!......!:!••:,:!,„. r M: ai• /. �8 .. RsBa tr aL _� '::';:. i 'Y .T� k�N a'4>a a:'F LEoN!$ B, b, •.:.,41,.! .xb >s> a, €s k a 8$ s4.........,"...,,,,,,,,,,,,,N,%:::,,..:4,.._,d ' ',' $C>:AsasobF:'ti. °o>`e8:8>,ao3 4 b :JQ85;�':.Z.ogb>oyoo../; g -b s S'.".!_'b $ s s 3 :of s$ Z'b S b Q 8 a$$$'Ya: cW S °`g„'',$,8 ::s S. Y a 3 8” :L$:5.. »». .do'�$%'A!:$' :<e$u.,n., .:8?•,.:<x8>:$,:W>:�3ne3'Ee.$p�xR.$2$ae°.;<o".'A'.,;.,..F$' .,: . b'r 6>'W A..e..0.. ,..R g <.>x£>'e>Py ............... ....... 8>`4`'::8 > o::o":.$4.... .»a :.o-0: .ro::N <;4LS3>. {oM. b o 0:.3,.... L..gd 4xio..u.."rr< :.,8 80 ':a' ar'!.A.W:u"� y�� °.,Y:c£>83 c ti x >''o+c <aoo..sksR : 'r;,kR oQa.', .,$>S,:N: .. ,g 8z�'-k�>:<Rx�. ^sP.,P $`'8R8°' :r' ..4...i8�. b'.': era:° ,3.: .�:::0 4::R>:>.5...0, ...R:.4.:$:`%' >'.S:<!"b'<S>� eg.,.:sT{a ;a°$. 4K '? 'Y4... '2. .ar{ Q:EB%5 ✓R uY.oP: dx! ti. k3�4 «3. :.R :EE:> R: .;•0:,: `. b"„ :>:0$�$4v. vM .:b �r4? ..........?....:*?.::::.::-:** *-..:-...::...: ..... .. ..h.:�'11. ?�iiiji::. 's" w W[. :R'F:`o. . ..<3'v�C`3 i. !3:Y • y .... <;s`Ew. uF4i$.A`•:.:o35g 0:i.'�:.'..,.�'.,•s • .'!$,.$3$�S44::.tt'k. ,. 8S 8 r $aP!$8$y "'Ys'. .gP. ............. 0 •O N -o ,p 'a . c m s c ••,....:i.,.......:.......:•:::::....E.......i...:•::::::•...........::::ii........i....i.l.i.....!......i.....i....!......!..!.......*:.!:::...i..!........i..!.....!......!:.:::.....:::::: RS C.) ca • E 'o V O -o Y L a C C - C 'a O CCIQ C C 0 7 N -o N 'N CI) CO V • CU t+V t- :::::.:::::::::::.::::::::,:::::::: OVO :.:....::::::.i..::::::::::::::::::.:::::....:::::::::::::::.:::.:::..:::.:.::.:::.:::.:::.:::...::.:...::..::..:::::.::..::::::.::::::::..:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:: JLcD V ZaO -o 2 ': iii>i>'i;'{:iiii 'i?::'' ::> iiiiL' �'"``"'�iiiiii: :i . a :iiii::< .? ' ' ^'":ii;;: :;k ``` `ii ? : >' iii> '�� :'r '"`::?':: :`:�:: >i:_ : Elimi W� : ': 43) ..........2............:::i... "" CI C RSy ,...,,.:::.: wilt iff,.:,,•],.. ,., ,-....,!,:7!...........,...'.,:............_.:::::::::":::::: ::.:T...:.::..7.......T.:-....7......7.............7.•!......7...!........7.:!...7.:77......... ...!.:.............. .............. . .... ..::::::::::::::::::::::::::.*:.::::* *?:::::.?.:::.:::::::.::: a) N L • co A, '..':(1:,. -.,„„:„.. 4 ••• ... ..... ., .................••....................................... ". ..,. ••• •• ••• •••••••.....•........,•..... r -----:"...-:4::::::::::::::::::::::::::i:::::::.::.,:::,:i....... ............:......:::.-.....,,,...: • ' RS 4' 4111r.''. ' • i � s'': F. :. • :::i: :if:;::iiiii�:i iiiiiii:i:ii::.i:>2ii5 :. CO • ;w � moi,. :<2:7>::5>7 % .: .!!'.,.:::....::Y<?; .�'>:;.: i.: 11:.::::.:.:�: ... 4. : s s ...: :..........ft... ...:::::.:::::.•::: :!...!:.::.:!::::!........!!!!!!!!!! IL. • ..g...:.1..,11:[:1...,:::,.::1.,,..-.::1.,..-.::1:1„:::1..„[....1„.....1„.....1::.........-:.•:,„ii.„...„.1.„1„.„::::.1„...::::::1,....:„.....::„.......::..„:„.„.„„:„:......................:•••.,.....................„••••.........:::...........::................•:.........::::................................:......„......„.....„„.:....,„„.....:,:„.„:: 1 CI-err_.:._ ::;: <>;:... :<:>:::.: ::::;;>::.:::::: >::>::>:>:>::»::. r r ...omon.....,....::........1:..................-.....!;.............."::.........!.............:......•...•:......:.........:...::....:...::......:::::.........................,..............-.....................................-.......:.......s..........:.......-........:........:.......:.........:..........:.........:.........:.........:........i.........i......................,......................,...................!......!..........................................................i......i........................................ .. :::..............••••%:.•.....1.•:...1•1•:....................:.,..i.::.:::..........::"....:..................."......"......".::::.•......•......•......"............•.....•.....•......•............................................................•....•........:::::..•......:.• • / LL lrAl:-...11))PS ‘''' ,.........'" ''''''' lel' 111‘''' "�,Nt .SA l�P } 1 P I +4 t `',, . Sla��y �l +yPt n'S„ rr '� n d , ...:',‘,0.4%,g•P. ..✓ 1 /� ,dt P.. } . dtl',` 01;:AP P,nttd6 ,,,d, 1 d+ �S r., P.,. 'tnP.. ha`'a p . / i�`:Nit+ua n�a 0a. `�tih' EP d; .d i`C nL. as .n,q:t.. `a�,. u,Sa*., l 0 dad ,..0t Co.'. n1 P ::::::::::::::::::::: : :::::::::::::::::::: ::`;'''.Fin'"t `` `Xa±g v y x. i G n I I