Agenda 11/15/2016 Item #11D 11D
11/15/2016
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Recommendation to approve outdoor lighting best practices that improve efficiency, reduce light
pollution, and lower the County's total cost of ownership and maintenance; and to direct the
County Manager or his designee to update the Land Development Code (LDC) after vetting the
best practices with stakeholders, utility companies, and the Florida Department of Transportation
(FDOT).
OBJECTIVE: To adopt best practices for the illumination of Collier County to ensure that lighting
enhances safety,is efficient and reduces light pollution through standardized policies and codes.
CONSIDERATIONS: Collier County is responsible for the management of both indoor and outdoor
lighting at a variety of locations throughout the County including roadways, facilities, parks, beaches,
airports,and utility sites. In April of 2016,the County Manager's Office established a self-managed team
to research best practices for lighting standards. The team focused on reducing light pollution, improving
efficiency, and lowering the total overall cost of ownership and maintenance.
The team contacted International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) to explore how other jurisdictions created
public policy that protect night skies and promote quality outdoor lighting. IDA encourages the following
concepts to reduce light pollution:
• The use of cutoff fixtures that direct light towards the intended location
• The establishment of lighting zones that consider lighting outputs based upon human activity and
proximity to sensitive areas
• Utilizing self-activated lighting and time adjusted lighting outputs
The team then evaluated innovative technologies that have been field tested, such as Light Emitting
Diodes (LED), sensor activated lighting, and time controlled lighting. Research and field trials indicate
that transitioning to LED lighting systems could reduce the energy costs of lighting systems by
approximately 60% through lower energy requirements as well as provide a reduction in ongoing
maintenance costs (see the "Return on Investment Overview" attachment for further details). For
example, the planned roadway lighting retrofit project includes the replacement of almost 5,000 fixtures,
which will recuperate initial expenditure within 5-7 years and is anticipated to provide a net discounted
savings of$3,600,000 over the course of the next twenty years. This project utilizes LED technology and
integrates "Dark Sky" as well as industry standard best practices in its design. Similar savings are
anticipated for building lighting systems as well, along with reduced cooling requirements due to lower
heat production from lighting fixtures.
During the discussion of Item 9B at the March 12,2013 rezoning review for Top Hat Auto PUD,the BCC
requested staff to address ambient outdoor lighting in what is becoming a growing trend by changing
technologies for light transmission onto private property and its impact to the neighboring environment.
During this same discussion, support was voiced for the use of"Dark Skies"lighting principles within the
community. The BCC mentioned that lighting as well as noise should not be a nuisance to the
community, regardless of the purpose. On March 22, 2016, Item 11E,the BCC approved the use of LED
luminaires in a County wide roadway lighting upgrade project with guidance to continue to evaluate the
return on investment and the environmental benefits of"Dark Skies"lighting.
The self-managed team has completed its analysis and recommends adopting the proposed standards.
These standards will first be applicable to County owned and/or maintained sites and structures and allow
the County to demonstrate to the community its commitment to financial and environmental stewardship.
Utilizing ROI in the decision-making process for retrofit projects will enable County staff to make
fiscally responsible decisions and prioritize the projects with the highest expected returns. The inclusion
Packet Pg'.245
11.D
11/15/2016
of full-cutoff lighting fixtures in retrofit projects will greatly reduce glare, light trespass, and skyglow.
These improvements will minimize impact on neighboring properties and natural habitats while ensuring
safety, security, utility, productivity, commerce, livability, and enjoyment for the community as a whole.
Additionally,the standards and best practices implemented by Collier County will set an example for the
responsible use of lighting in private communities and commercial developments.
FISCAL IMPACT: There is no immediate financial impact to adopting the lighting standards on the
Fiscal Year 2017 budget. The ROI analysis will be discussed as part of the budget guidance for the
development of the FY18 budget.
GROWTH MANAGEMENT IMPACT: This item does not conflict with the Growth Management
Plan.
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS: This item has been reviewed by the County Attorney, raises no legal
issue at this time, and requires majority vote for approval. -JAK
RECOMMENDATIONS: That the Board of County Commissioners directs the County Manager to:
1. Establish best practices and standards for interior and exterior lighting at BCC Agency owned
and/or maintained sites and structures.
2. Vet Land Development Code updates that incorporate and expound upon the principles contained
in the County Lighting Standards.
3. Evaluate the acceleration of LED lighting projects for a positive return on investment, starting in
Fiscal Year 2018.
4. Continue working with Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) and utility companies,
regarding the adoption of standards that incorporate the principles contained in the County
Lighting Standards.
Prepared by: Josh Hammond,Applications Analyst,Facilities Management
Geoff Willig,Operations Analyst for the County Managers Office
ATTACHMENT(S)
1. [Draft] Lighting Standards Guidebook (PDF)
2.ROI-Operations and Maintenance Non-Discounted (XLSX)
3.ROI-Scenario 1 Streetlight Fixtures (XLSX)
4.ROI-Scenario 2 Small Building Retrofit (XLSX)
5.2016-11-15 Lighting Standards Presentation to BCC (PPTX)
Packet Pg. 246
`11.D'
11/15/2016
COLLIER COUNTY
Board of County Commissioners
Item Number: 11.D
Item Summary: Recommendation to approve outdoor lighting best practices that improve
efficiency,reduce light pollution, and lower the County's total cost of ownership and maintenance; and to
direct the County Manager or his designee to update the Land Development Code(LDC)after vetting the
best practices with stakeholders, utility companies, and the Florida Department of Transportation
(FDOT). (Len Price,Administrative Services Department Head)
Meeting Date: 11/15/2016
Prepared by:
Title: Executive Secretary to County Manager—County Manager's Office
Name: MaryJo Brock
11/07/2016 8:24 AM
Submitted by:
Title: County Manager—County Manager's Office
Name: Leo E.Ochs
11/07/2016 8:24 AM
Approved By:
Review:
Administrative Services Department MaryJo Brock Level 1 Division Reviewer Skipped 11/07/2016 8:23 AM
Facilities Management Miguel Carballo Additional Reviewer Completed 11/07/2016 11:23 AM
Administrative Services Department Len Price Level 2 Division Administrator Review Completed 11/07/2016 10:18 AM
County Attorneys Office Jeffrey A.Klatzkow Level 3 County Attorney's Office Review Completed 11/07/2016 10:25 AM
Office of Management and Budget Valerie Fleming Level 3 OMB Gatekeeper Review Completed 11/07/2016 10:59 AM
Office of Management and Budget Laura Wells Additional Reviewer Completed 11/07/2016 11:37 AM
County Manager's Office Nick Casalanguida Level 4 County Manager Review Completed 11/07/2016 2:57 PM
Board of County Commissioners MaryJo Brock Meeting Pending 11/15/2016 9:00 AM
Packet Pg.247
LIGHTING STANDARDS
The most recent version of this document can be found at:
http://www.colliergov.net/your-government/divisions-a-e/county-manager-s-office/standards
ISSUED BY: COUNTY-WIDE LIGHTING TEAM
ISSUED: TBD
REVISED: 2016-10-08
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 2
Vision ............................................................................................................... 3
Mission ............................................................................................................ 3
Guiding Principles ............................................................................................ 3
APPLICABILITY ......................................................................................................... 4
STANDARDS - GENERAL ............................................................................................. 4
Accessible Design Consideratfons ..................................................................... 5
Crime Deterrence & Security Consideratfons .................................................... 5
Informatfon Technology Consideratfons ........................................................... 6
Exemptfons ...................................................................................................... 7
STANDARDS - OUTDOOR ............................................................................................ 7
Architectural and Landscape Lightfng .............................................................. 9
Constructfon Lightfng ....................................................................................... 9
Flags ................................................................................................................ 9
Light Poles ...................................................................................................... 10
Temporary Lightfng ........................................................................................ 10
“Dark Sky” Lightfng Zones and Outdoor Lightfng Restrictfons......................... 10
Table 1 – Lightfng Zone Classificatfons ........................................................... 12
Table 2 – Lightfng Zone-Based Restrictfons ..................................................... 13
Exemptfons .................................................................................................... 13
STANDARDS - INDOOR ............................................................................................. 14
Daylightfng .................................................................................................... 14
CURRENCY OF STANDARDS ....................................................................................... 15
COUNTY SELF-MANAGED LIGHTING TEAM MEMBERS ..................................................... 15
APPENDIX A – SPECIALTY LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS & CONSIDERATIONS ............................ 16
APPENDIX B – RELATED COUNTY CONSTRUCTIONS STANDARDS ......................................... 16
APPENDIX C – GLOSSARY OF TERMS ........................................................................... 16
APPENDIX D – REFERENCES ...................................................................................... 16
APPENDIX E – RECOMMENDED REFERENCES FOR LIGHTING DESIGN ................................... 20
CODES AND OTHER REGULATION ................................................................... 20
DESIGN CRITERIA ........................................................................................... 21
STANDARDS ................................................................................................... 21
GUIDEBOOKS & GUIDELINES .......................................................................... 21
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Lightfng is an important aspect to Collier County’s residents and visitors for safety, security, livability, and
enjoyment. Well-coordinated and designed lightfng systems are an effectfve way to enhance the feeling
of security and comfort throughout the
County. Presently, outdoor lightfng standards
are included in parts of the existfng land
development code, zoning ordinance or code
of laws for automobile fueling facilitfes,
convenience stores, golf courses, parking
facilitfes, security requirements and general
shielding standards. Additfonal standards
have been determined on a case-by-case basis
during a zoning process or as the result of
hazardous interference with automotfve and
pedestrian traffic on an adjoining street.
Subsequently an integrated approach has
been taken to describe and define what
should be best management and common
practfces for the illuminatfon and installatfon
of all non-residentfal outdoor lightfng is
essentfal to benefit county residents and visitors.
The Collier County Board of County Commissioners (hereby referred to as “BCC” or “County”) is
responsible for the management of both indoor and outdoor lightfng at a variety of locatfons throughout
the County including roadways, facilitfes, parks, beaches, airports, and utflity sites. The BCC desires to
establish within its code, guidelines that preserve and enhance the character of the County and ensure
that lightfng does not become a nuisance within the community. In March of 2013 during the PUD
rezoning review for Top Hat Auto PUD, the BCC requested staff to address ambient outdoor lightfng in
what is becoming a growing trend by changing technologies for light transmission onto private property
and its impact to the neighboring environment. It is by the establishment of an outdoor lightfng policy,
guidance in the proper design, installatfon and in the long term operatfons that sustainable lightfng
practfces and standards can be upheld. In March of 2016, the BCC highlighted not only the cost and
environmental benefits of “Dark Skies” lightfng, but also the safety benefits as well.
In April of 2016, the CMO (CMO) created a self-managed team comprised of the major lightfng
stakeholders throughout the agency divisions and tasked the team with the following goals:
Assess the current state of lightfng throughout the County
Determine the current best practfces for lightfng employed by other government agencies and
private businesses
Find ways to incorporate Internatfonal Dark-Sky Associatfon (IDA) guidelines and
recommendatfons to reduce the amount of artfficial light that is projected into neighboring
propertfes, environmentally sensitfve areas, as well as the atmosphere
Develop a set of lightfng standards and guidelines that would apply across the agency for all
County-owned and/or maintained sites and structures
Prepare a return on investment (ROI) analysis for transitfoning existfng County lightfng to more
energy efficient optfons while incorporatfng the new standards and guidelines
The initfal study was to determine what needs to happen as common practfce, who are the relevant
stakeholders and a general knowledge of illuminatfon, excessive light spillage or trespass and dark sky
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 3
outdoor lightfng technology. After reviewing other jurisdictfons’ (including out of state) practfces and
installatfon experiences, the team consulted with IDA’s staff to obtain their recommended guidelines for
exterior lightfng best practfces and guidelines. It then became clear that good outdoor lightfng should
shield light when it is needed, minimize energy consumptfon, curtail negatfve impacts to the
environment and people, and maintain uniformity of illuminatfon.
The team reached a consensus for the County to start a process to improve the quality of life for its
citfzens with a simple and practfcal approach. This approach will involve the County finding ways to
improve the lightfng at its own structures and sites. The lightfng team firmly believes that the County
leading by example will be the most effectfve approach to getting the buy-in of its businesses, citfzens,
and visitors to adopt similar practfces. The first step of the process is to apply the establishment of
guidelines and standards for interior and exterior lightfng at County-owned and/or maintained
propertfes.
VISION
To be a state and natfonal leader in community lightfng standards and practfces, while protectfng and
preserving the natural environment and view of the night sky.
MISSION
To develop standards and practfces to effectfvely, efficiently, responsibly, safely, and securely illuminate
Collier County.
This mission will be achieved by obtaining BCC directfon and approval to implement consistent lightfng
systems, practfces, and standards for each of the County’s owned and/or maintained roadways, facilitfes
and structures, utflitfes sites and structures, parks, and beaches.
Once the lightfng standards have been adopted by the BCC for County-owned and/or maintained sites
and structures, the Lightfng Team envisions a transparent process for offering stakeholders an
opportunity to provide input and obtain public feedback prior to the adoptfon of the lightfng standards
through any ordinance or amendments to the Land Development Code. This will assist the various
departments, plan reviewers, and code enforcers in the identfficatfon of minimum and maximum
illuminatfon standards such as performance, prescriptfve, or a hybrid of both methods based upon
differentfal land use zoning categories or by an overlay lightfng district.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Lightfng designs should minimize light trespass/pollutfon and impact on neighboring propertfes and
natural habitats while ensuring safety, security, utflity, productfvity, commerce, livability, and enjoyment.
Lightfng equipment should be responsibly selected and sourced through careful consideratfon of the
short and long-term financial, environmental, and social costs incurred through lightfng.
Energy and resources should be conserved to the greatest extent possible.
Designs should be practfcal as well as financially and technologically feasible, based on industry-
acceptable best practfces.
Lightfng systems should be properly implemented, maintained, and managed.
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 4
APPLICABILITY
The standards set forth in this administratfve guidebook shall apply to all propertfes, infrastructure, and
facilitfes owned and/or maintained by Collier County, a politfcal subdivision of the State of Florida, and
the Collier County Water-Sewer District. These locatfons include (but are not limited to) roadways,
facilitfes, structures, campuses, airports, utflity locatfons, parks, and beaches. It is encouraged that other
governmental agencies that own and/or maintain propertfes, infrastructure, and/or facilitfes within the
confines of Collier County adopt the standards described in this guidebook. However, this guidebook is
not intended, nor does it have the legal authority, to apply to entftfes outside of the BCC. Similarly, these
standards do not apply to private residences and businesses.
The standards contained herein are prospectfve and will not require existfng lightfng systems to be
immediately retrofitted or replaced to ensure compliance. Instead, the primary goal is to ensure all new
and retrofitted lightfng meets the standards from this point forward. Compliance with the standards will
be required during new installatfons as well as major repairs, remodels, and modernizatfons.
These standards shall be referenced in all future bids, contracts, purchase orders, and any other type of
purchases that involve the installatfon or modificatfon of lightfng systems. All CMO Departments and
Divisions that maintain constructfon standards shall reference this guidebook in their constructfon
standards documents.
The standards contained within this guidebook shall be considered minimum requirements for projects
at County-owned and/or maintained sites and structures, which do not relieve the Design Professional
or Contractor from mandatory code compliance and/or coordinatfon on specific project requirements.
No portfon of this guidebook may be copied and used as the sole specificatfon for any project.
Any exceptfons to these standards must be approved in writfng by the CMO division(s) responsible for
the oversight and maintenance of the lightfng system(s). All constructfon design drawings are to be
approved by the responsible CMO division(s) prior to commencement of the project.
STANDARDS - GENERAL
This sectfon applies broadly to all artfficially lighted areas.
Lightfng shall, at a minimum, meet all applicable local, state, and federal codes and regulatfons.
o If the standards contained herein conflict with the codes and regulatfons mentfoned above,
the most restrictfve standards shall prevail.
Lightfng shall meet the illuminatfon levels and uniformity ratfos in accordance with the current
recommended practfces of the Illuminatfng Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) or as
otherwise specified herein.
o Illuminatfon levels shall not exceed the maximums set forth by IESNA.
All lightfng systems shall be regularly maintained such that they contfnue to provide acceptable
illuminatfon levels, glare control, and minimize light trespass.
All lightfng equipment must be of commercial quality and Underwriters Laboratories (U.L.) listed,
at a minimum.
The color rendering index (CRI), or other similar color accuracy specificatfons, of lightfng products
shall be considered when designing and installing lightfng systems to ensure that the color
accuracy of the provided illuminatfon meets or exceeds the needs of the applicatfon.
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 5
ACCESSIBLE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The design of lightfng systems shall meet the Americans with Disabilitfes (ADA) requirements as
outlined below.
“State and local government facilitfes must follow the requirements of the U.S. Department of
Justfce 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, including both the Title II regulatfons at 28
CFR 35.151; and the 2004 ADAAG at 36 CFR part 1191, appendices B and D.” The requirements
include:
o “Each facility or part of a facility constructed by, on behalf of, or for the use of a public entfty
shall be designed and constructed in such manner that the facility or part of the facility is
readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilitfes.”
o “Each facility or part of a facility altered by, on behalf of, or for the use of a public entfty in a
manner that affects or could affect the usability of the facility or part of the facility shall, to
the maximum extent feasible, be altered in such manner that the altered portfon of the
facility is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilitfes.”
More broadly, lightfng systems should be designed in a way that affords the highest practfcable
level of accessibility to all staff, citfzens, and visitors to ensure the usability and enjoyment of
County facilitfes for everyone.
CRIME DETERRENCE & SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
Lightfng may provide both a real and psychological deterrent for contfnuous or periodic observatfon by a
potentfal threat. Darkness can instfll a sense of insecurity as it is very challenging for humans to determine
threats and unsafe conditfons without sufficient light. Without the feeling of safety that proper lightfng
can provide, people may choose to avoid dark spaces and thus hinder their enjoyment of the area.
Conversely, areas that are overly illuminated can also negatfvely affect the perceptfon of safety. Since the
human eye can take some tfme to adjust to different lightfng scenarios, overly bright areas can sometfmes
result in temporary blindness-type symptoms while the eye adjusts to large changes in illuminatfon levels.
Overly bright areas may also give the impression that the area is high-risk, which can discourage people
from occupying the space.
The left photo below illustrates how dark areas in a scene paired with an overly bright security light (using
a suboptfmal fixture type) can make it very challenging to see a potentfal threat. The photo on the right
illustrates how the proper use of shielded light can enhance threat detectfon.
Photos courtesy of the Internatfonal Dark-Sky Associatfon / FAU
The role of security lightfng in deterring crime can often be subject to contentfous debate. Historically, it
was thought that increased lightfng levels allows for better surveillance of potentfal offenders through
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 6
increased visibility and a greater likelihood people occupying spaces. It is also argued that higher lightfng
levels can lead to increased pride in the community, cohesiveness, and informal social control. On the
opposite side of the argument, it is asserted that the judicious applicatfon of light in combinatfon with
motfon-actfvated security lightfng can prove to be a better deterrent. In factoring in the various lightfng
consideratfons and industry best practfces, the Lightfng Team became more closely aligned with the
judicious applicatfon of lightfng perspectfve and these lightfng standards reflect that viewpoint.
At the most basic level, lightfng designed for crime deterrence and security purposes should provide the
ability for people to be able to:
See at a sufficient distance to detect, and have adequate tfme to react to, a threat, and
See where to go for safety or refuge if needed.
The objectfve is to illuminate threat without spotlightfng the potentfal victfm(s). More specifically, this type
of lightfng should provide the ability for someone to see the faces and bodies of people nearby without
harsh or strongly directfonal shadows, identffy whether they are a friend or potentfal foe, and whether
they are exhibitfng malicious body language and/or weapons. High risk areas, areas that could be used to
conceal potentfal threats, or be used to entrap potentfal victfms should generally have higher illuminatfon
areas than those designed for general use and actfvitfes. Some uniformity of lightfng on the ground should
also be provided to provide reassurance that there is no danger hiding in the shadows between the person
and the area of refuge. Care should be taken to ensure that light sources are properly shielded and
positfoned to reduce glare, as glare limits the ability for people to see beyond lighted areas. Crime
deterrence and security lightfng is most effectfve when the contrast between very bright and very dark
areas is reduced and shadows are minimized. The absolute level of light is less critfcal than the uniformity
of the light for security purposes.
When contfnuous lightfng for is required for crime deterrence and security purposes, care should be
exercised in the design and implementatfon of lightfng systems to ensure the desired outcomes are
achieved. The illustratfon below shows how the proper selectfon and installatfon of a lightfng system can
reduce glare, skyglow, and light trespass effects while improving security and threat detectfon.
Illustratfon courtesy of the Florida Atlantfc University
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CONSIDERATIONS
Any system that will be connected to the agency network must be reviewed and approved by the
BCC Informatfon Technology (IT) Division.
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 7
o This process will include an architectural review along with an informatfon security review
of the product.
Procurement and Lifecycle Management of any system connected to the agency network must
adhere to CMO Administratfve Procedures (CMA) # 5401.
When remote automatfon/control systems are deployed for controlling light systems, the Design
Professional / Contractor shall integrate those systems with existfng County systems. During the
project review process, the responsible CMO division(s) will advise which system (if any) is
responsible for remote automatfon/control.
The primary objectfve of this requirement is to ensure the County will not have the
responsibility of supportfng and maintaining multfple systems that perform the same
functfons.
Some example requirements for integrated systems are:
Systems that provide remote automatfon/control for facility lightfng shall be
integrated with the Facilitfes Management building automatfon system.
Systems that provide remote automatfon/control for roadway lightfng shall be
integrated with the Traffic Management Center’s lightfng control system.
EXEMPTIONS
Emergency Declarations
o The standards herein shall be temporarily suspended if Collier County is included in a formal
state of emergency declaratfon by local, state, or federal actfon.
o The standards shall apply again once the declared emergency and associated clean-up
actfvitfes, if applicable, are officially concluded.
Emergency Lighting for Non-Structural/Temporary Purposes
o Law enforcement, fire service, emergency medical services, and emergency management
lightfng not affixed to a structure or otherwise installed in a permanent manner are exempt
from the requirements contained herein.
Holiday Lights
Holiday lights are exempt from the standards provided they meet all of the following conditfons:
o Are installed properly and in compliance with all applicable codes and regulatfons.
o Do not pose a threat to the safety and security of:
Occupants and Visitors [Interior Lights]
Motorists and Passersby [Exterior Lights]
o Are temporary in nature:
Turned on two weeks or less before the celebrated holiday/season.
Turned off two weeks or less after the celebrated holiday/season.
Live and Recorded Performances
o Film, stage, and video broadcastfng equipment for use in live or recorded performances.
STANDARDS - OUTDOOR
This sectfon applies broadly to all outdoor lightfng areas covered by the Applicability sectfon above.
Exterior lightfng should not exceed the minimum levels specified in the IESNA recommended
practfces for night-tfme safety, utflity, security, productfvity, enjoyment, and commerce.
IDA approved lightfng fixtures, or those that meet the same shielding (full cutoff) and downward
orientatfon requirements, should be used whenever possible.
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 8
o For the lightfng of predominantly horizontal surfaces, luminaires shall be aimed straight
down, have no uplight and shall meet latest IESNA full-cutoff/fully shielded criteria.
o Below are examples of different shielding/cutoff levels:
Images courtesy of Del Mar Fan & Lightfng
o The photos below demonstrate the disadvantages of unshielded light fixtures:
Photos courtesy of Joshua Hammond and Richard Henderlong (Collier County Lightfng Team)
Below is an example of the differences between unshielded (left) and shielded (right) fixtures:
Image courtesy of eSchoolToday
Exterior lightfng shall not be designed, installed, or maintained in a way that constftutes a hazard
or nuisance to neighboring propertfes or the traveling public.
o Search lights, strobe lights, lasers and other high intensity light sources are prohibited.
This prohibitfon does not apply to lights used for traffic signaling purposes or by law
enforcement, security, and other public safety staff operatfng in an official capacity.
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 9
o Lights that could be confused for traffic control devices are also prohibited.
Lightfng should be accessible enough to maintain while not being easy to tamper with.
Landscaping shall not be planted or installed in a way that will obscure the required light levels
of the site throughout the expected lifetfme of the lightfng system(s).
o The design and locatfon of lightfng systems shall be arranged in a manner that considers in
the ultfmate growth of landscaping and tree canopies to minimize or prevent conflicts
between landscaping and lightfng systems.
o Below are examples of improper landscaping placement [too close to light poles]:
Photos courtesy of Joshua Hammond (Collier County Lightfng Team)
ARCHITECTURAL AND LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
Landscape and architectural lightfng encompasses lights used to illuminate landscape areas, signs (without
integrated light source), statues, and other objects mounted on pedestals, poles, or platiorms.
Architectural and landscape lightfng should be designed, installed, and controlled to ensure that
the lights only illuminate the intended object(s).
o To the extent practfcal and where possible, lightfng fixtures shall be directed downward
rather than upward. Directfonal shielding shall be implemented to minimize or prevent glare,
light trespass, and skyglow.
When uplightfng is required, lightfng systems should be low in intensity and incorporate
full shielding.
CONSTRUCTION LIGHTING
All constructfon site lightfng fixtures must be full cut-off or directfonally shielded fixtures that are
aimed and controlled so the directed light is substantfally confined to the object intended to be
illuminated and not directly visible outside of the property.
Interior constructfon lights shall be extfnguished after the work has been completed for the day
unless needed to ensure safety, security, or legal compliance.
A building is no longer considered under constructfon once exterior walls and windows are
installed and permanent lightfng replaces temporary lightfng as the primary source of light for
the building.
FLAGS
The United States of America, POW/MIA, State of Florida, and Collier County flags may be
illuminated during hours of darkness.
o 4 U.S.C. § (U.S. Flag Code) requires the American Flag to be “properly illuminated”, but does
not provide specific illuminatfon requirements or standards. The Congressional Research
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 10
Service’s United States Flag: Federal Law Relating to Display and Associated Questions
suggests that lightfng should preserve the dignity of the flag by preventfng it from being
enveloped in darkness, but that 4 U.S.C. § does not require that flags be illuminated directly.
Artfficial lightfng for flags should use downlights, rather than uplights, whenever possible.
o If downlight illuminatfon is not practfcable, uplights shall meet the following requirements:
Employ full shielding to minimize skyglow, light trespass, and glare to ensure that the
light(s) only illuminate the intended flag(s)
Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) value less than or equal to 2700 Degrees Kelvin,
regardless of lightfng zone.
Use the least amount of illuminatfon necessary to preserve the dignity of the flag(s).
o Proper Flag Illuminatfon Example:
Image courtesy of Clean-energies.org
LIGHT POLES
Free-standing light poles shall be protected and located in areas that prevent them from being
easily damaged by vehicles and other equipment.
Maximum light pole height requirements are contained in the Collier County Land Development
Code and may vary depending on site-specific conditfons.
Light poles shall not be placed within the antfcipated fifteen (15) year canopy or within twelve
(12) feet of any tree.
TEMPORARY LIGHTING
For the purposes of this guidebook, temporary lightfng is comprised of light sources not covered
elsewhere in this guidebook that will be in use for less than seven (7) calendar days per year.
All temporary lightfng shall be aimed and controlled so that light is confined to the site or object(s)
intended to be lit and minimally contribute to glare and skyglow.
Below is an example of improper temporary lightfng that should be avoided:
Photo courtesy of Diana Umpierre (IDA)
“DARK SKY” LIGHTING ZONES AND OUTDOOR LIGHTING RESTRICTIONS
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 11
The Illuminatfng Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) and the Internatfonal Dark-Sky
Associatfon (IDA) developed a Model Lightfng Ordinance (MLO) in the June 2011 to provide communitfes
with a framework for enactfng outdoor lightfng standards and associated legislatfon. The Collier County
Lightfng Team thoroughly reviewed the MLO and engaged in subsequent discussions with IDA staff. The
Collier County Lightfng Team also reviewed codes, ordinances, and standards of other governmental
organizatfons as well as industry best practfces. Through extensive research and deliberatfon, the Collier
County Lightfng Team came to the unanimous decision that many of the core ideas in the MLO should
be adopted in Collier County’s outdoor lightfng standards.
One of the foundatfonal concepts behind the MLO is the use of lightfng zones (LZ) based on the desired
ambient light levels of a community. This approach affords flexibility in lightfng standards based on the
safety, security, and environmental needs of specific areas. The use of lightfng zones was first developed
by the Internatfonal Commission on Illuminatfon (CIE) in 1997 and was adopted by the Illuminatfon
Engineering Society as a recommended outdoor practfce in 1999. Since that tfme, many government
agencies have adopted the use of lightfng zones in their outdoor lightfng standards and land
development codes. Notable examples include Palm Beach County, Florida with their Model Lighting
Ordinance and the United States Department of Defense with their Unified Facilities Criteria.
The MLO lightfng zones that will be included in the Collier County lightfng standards are as follows:
LZ0 No ambient lightfng
o Areas where the natural environment will be seriously and adversely affected by lightfng or
where occupants have expressed a strong desire that light trespass be strictly limited.
Impacts include disturbing the biological cycles of flora and fauna and/or detractfng from
human enjoyment and appreciatfon of the natural environment. The vision of human
residents and users is adapted to total darkness, and they expect to see little or no lightfng.
LZ1 Low ambient lightfng
o Areas where lightfng might adversely affect flora and fauna or disturb the character of the
area. The vision of human residents and users is adapted to low light levels. Lightfng may be
used for safety, security and/or convenience but it is not necessarily uniform or contfnuous.
LZ2 Moderate ambient lightfng
o Areas of human actfvity where the vision of human residents and users is adapted to
moderate light levels. Lightfng may typically be used for safety, security and/or convenience
but it is not necessarily uniform or contfnuous.
LZ3 Moderately high ambient lightfng
o Areas of human actfvity where the vision of human residents and users is adapted to
moderately high light levels. Lightfng is generally desired for safety, security and/or
convenience and it is often uniform and/or contfnuous.
Based on the safety, security, and environmental needs at the locatfons as well as the guidance
provided by the MLO, County-owned and/or maintained sites and structures have been categorized
into the lightfng zones listed below. If and when the Land Development Code (LDC) is updated to
include lightfng zones, the most stringent lightfng restrictfons will prevail.
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 12
TABLE 1 – LIGHTING ZONE CLASSIFICATIONS
Lighting Zones Site and Structure Classifications
LZ0
No Ambient Lighting
Beaches
Boat Launch Sites
Cemeteries
Nature Trails & Pathways
Parks - Neighborhood
Preserves
Remote Utility Stations
Wellfields
LZ1
Low Ambient Lighting
Campuses – Rural
Fueling Stations - Rural
General Office Buildings
Landfills
Museums
Recycling Centers
Outdoor Swimming Pools
Parking Lots & Garages - Urban
Parks - Community
Roadways – Local, Rural Collectors
Water Parks - Rural
LZ2
Moderate Ambient Lighting
Airports – Rural
Corrections Facilities - Rural
Fueling Stations - Urban
Master Pump Stations
Parking Lots & Garages - Urban
Parks – Regional
Roadways – Rural Arterial, Urban Collectors
Temporary Events – Rural
Water & Wastewater Plants – Rural
Water Parks - Urban
LZ3
Moderately High Ambient Lighting
Airports - Urban
Campuses - Urban
Corrections Facilities - Urban
Roadways – Urban Arterial
Temporary Events – Urban
Water & Wastewater Plants – Urban
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 13
The following outdoor lightfng restrictfons will apply to sites and structures based on their assigned
lightfng zone:
TABLE 2 – LIGHTING ZONE-BASED RESTRICTIONS
Lighting
Zones
Color Temperature
CCT Allowed Range 1
Light Reduction
R = Required / V = Voluntary
Maximum Light
Output Percentage
LZ0 1900K – 3000K R - 1 Hour after close of business 25%
LZ1 1900K – 3000K R- 1 ½ Hours after close of business 25%
LZ2 1900K – 3500K2 R - 2 Hours after close of business 50%
LZ3 1900K – 4800K3 V - 2 Hours after close of business 50%
1 The health and environmental impacts of nighttime lightfng that incorporate the blue portfon
of the color spectrum are currently subject to ongoing research and debate. As of the tfme of
the first publicatfon of these standards, the American Medical Associatfon and IDA currently
recommend warmer color temperatures (3000K or less) for outdoor installatfons to reduce the
amount of blue-light emissions at nighttime.
2 While LZ2 and LZ3 have higher allowable color temperature ranges, it is stfll strongly
recommended to use warmer color temperatures (3000K or lower) whenever practfcable. Cooler
color temperatures (greater than 3000K) shall be reserved for instances where there are special
requirements or regulatfons that necessitate higher values.
3 Due to the large range of allowable color temperatures in LZ3, care should be taken to prevent
harsh transitfons between cool and warm color temperatures in neighboring areas. As a general
rule of thumb, the difference in CCT values should not be greater than 1000K when transitfoning
between areas of differing color temperatures.
EXEMPTIONS
Arterial roadway light fixtures are not required to be included in the IDA's Fixture Seal of Approval
(FSA) program, however roadway fixtures should incorporate the same design requirements (e.g.
shielding) whenever practfcable and minimally contribute to skyglow.
The following locatfons are exempt from the tfme-based light restrictfons outlined in TABLE 2
above, however it is strongly encouraged that these locatfons voluntarily partfcipate when doing
so would not pose any substantfal risk to safety, security, and legal requirements:
o Airports
o Areas undergoing nighttime constructfon, preparatfon, or clean-up actfvitfes
o Locatfons that are staffed and operate on an around-the-clock basis
o Roadways
Airports are also exempt from the color temperature restrictfons.
The maximum light output percentage restrictfons only apply to lights that are on contfnuously
throughout dark hours.
o Motfon-actfvated lights do not have a maximum light output percentage requirement.
o Depending on the applicatfon, it may be more beneficial to shut of lights completely and
only turn on specific lights when motfon is detected for safety and security purposes.
Maintenance actfvitfes (e.g. repairs, setup, and tear-down) may supersede the lightfng
restrictfons to ensure the safety and security of maintenance staff.
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 14
STANDARDS - INDOOR
This sectfon applies broadly to all interior lightfng areas covered by the Applicability sectfon above unless
superseded by specialty requirements listed below.
Indoor lightfng systems should provide the levels of illuminatfon necessary to comfortably and
efficiently complete tasks and navigate through spaces.
Care should be taken when designing, installing, and operatfng indoor lightfng so that it does not
introduce significant glare, light trespass, and skyglow through windows or building openings at
nighttime.
Lightfng should primarily be directed onto walls and ceilings to allow for better eye adaptatfon
and occupant comfort.
Glare, especially on electronic screens should be restricted as much as possible.
Artfculatfng task lights should be considered in office environments to assist occupants with
balancing light levels at their workspaces.
All spaces should incorporate controls, sensors, or other means of automatfon to turn off lights
when the spaces are not in use.
o The interior spaces of vacant buildings shall not be contfnuously illuminated during hours of
darkness unless there are specific consideratfons that require contfnuous illuminatfon.
o Care should be exercised in the design, installatfon, and maintenance of sensors to prevent
lights from being turned off while occupants are present.
Spaces larger than 100 square feet should incorporate multf-level lightfng controls or contfnuous
dimming with manual on/off capabilitfes whenever practfcable.
The treads in stairwells should be illuminated in a way that ensures that they are easily
distfnguishable from the above step.
DAYLIGHTING
Daylightfng, the inclusion of natural lightfng into interior spaces, should be incorporated
whenever practfcable in the design of interior spaces to provide natural light and reduce energy
requirements of artfficial lightfng during the daytfme.
When considering daylightfng, the potentfal lightfng system energy savings should be evaluated
against increases in cooling and heatfng loads.
Special consideratfon should be made to ensure glare, brightness, and contrast levels are
comfortable to occupants regardless of the tfme of day.
To ensure daylightfng is effectfve at reducing energy consumptfon, the lightfng controls should be
responsive to the natural lightfng levels (i.e. dim when there is sufficient natural light and get
brighter as night approaches).
o The controls should also prevent rapid cycling based on changes in sky conditfons and
gradually fade between light levels while dimming.
“Manual-On” occupancy sensors should be utflized in daylighted areas to save on electrical
energy consumptfon.
o Proper calibratfon and commissioning of the sensors shall be performed during daytfme as
well as nighttime to ensure the lightfng system is performing satfsfactorily.
Proper window and skylight orientatfon, design, and glazing should be incorporated to control
solar heat gain and loss while preventfng glare and excessive brightness/contrast from negatfvely
impactfng the occupants.
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 15
C URRENCY OF STANDARDS
The standards described in this guidebook are intended to be dynamic and evolve over tfme based on
the needs, financial resources, technological capabilitfes, and other important factors as deemed
appropriate by the County Manager or BCC. This guidebook is valid until one (1) year after the latest
revision date indicated on the top of Page 1. After one (1) year has passed from the latest revision, it is
the responsibility of the Design Professional/Contractor to obtain the latest version. While the County
reserves the right to revise and enforce the standards in this guidebook at any tfme, it will be the
responsibility of the County to inform the Design Professional/Contractor if they are required to adhere
to the latest revision prior to the one (1) year expiratfon date.
COUNTY SELF -MANAGED LIGHTING TEA M MEMBERS
Nick Casalanguida Deputy County Manager
Print First and Last Name Title Signature Date
Derrick Garby Lightfng Team Member
Print First and Last Name Title Signature Date
Joshua Hammond Lightfng Team Member
Print First and Last Name Title Signature Date
Richard Henderlong Lightfng Team Member
Print First and Last Name Title Signature Date
John Miller Lightfng Team Member
Print First and Last Name Title Signature Date
Neil Randall Lightfng Team Member
Print First and Last Name Title Signature Date
Angel Rodriguez Lightfng Team Member
Partner (Printed Name) Title Signature Date
Geoffrey Willig Lightfng Team Member
Print First and Last Name Title Signature Date
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 16
APPENDIX A – SPECIALTY LIGHTING R EQUIREMENTS & CONSID ERATIONS
Lighting Standards Special Considerations Guidebook
o http://www.colliergov.net/your-government/divisions-a-e/county-manager-s-
office/standards
APPENDIX B – RELATED COUNTY CONST RUCTIONS STANDARDS
Facilities
o http://www.colliergov.net/your-government/divisions-f-r/facilitfes-
management/vertfcal-constructfon-standards
Information Technology
o http://www.colliergov.net/your-government/divisions-f-r/facilitfes-
management/vertfcal-constructfon-standards
Right-of-Way
o http://www.colliergov.net/home/showdocument?id=46480
Roadway
o http://www.colliergov.net/your-government/divisions-s-z/traffic-operatfons/traffic-
technical-special-provisions
Utilities
o http://www.colliergov.net/your-government/divisions-f-r/public-utflitfes-planning-and-
project-management/utflitfes-standards-manual
APPENDIX C – GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Lighting Standards Glossary – Collier County BCC Lightfng Team
o http://www.colliergov.net/your-government/divisions-a-e/county-manager-s-
office/standards
APPENDIX D – REFERENCES
AMA Adopts Community Guidance to Reduce the Harmful Human and Environmental Effects
of High Intensity Street Lighting – American Medical Associatfon
o http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/news/news/2016/2016-06-14-community-
guidance-street-lightfng.page
Are Smart Street Lights the Future of Security Tech? – Emergency Management Magazine
o http://www.emergencymgmt.com/safety/Smart-Street-Lights-Security-Tech.html
At Newark Airport, the Lights Are On, and They’re Watching You – New York Times
o http://www.nytfmes.com/2014/02/18/business/at-newark-airport-the-lights-are-on-
and-theyre-watching-you.html?_r=0
Blinded by the Light: The Enforcement of Outdoor Municipal Lighting Ordinances in Texas –
Ryan Kellus Turner
o http:// www.tmcec.com/index.php/download_file/view/5036/525/
Blue Light Has a Dark Side – Harvard Medical School
o http://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/blue-light-has-a-dark-side
Changing our Glow for Efficiency – City of Los Angeles, California
o http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publicatfons/pdfs/ssl/msslc_la2012_ebrahimia
n.pdf
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 17
Dark Sky Ordinances: How to Separate the Light from the Darkness - David B. Kopel and
Michael Loatman
o http://davekopel.org/env/DarkSkies.pdf
Davis (California) Will Spend $350,000 to Replace LED Lights After Neighbor Complaints – CBS
Sacramento
o http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2014/10/21/davis-will-spend-350000-to-replace-led-
lights-after-neighbor-complaints/
Do White LEDs Disrupt our Biological Clocks? – Inside Science
o https://www.insidescience.org/news/do-white-leds-disrupt-our-biological-clocks
Eavesdropping LED Street Lights of Las Vegas – West Florida Components
o https://www.westiloridacomponents.com/blog/the-eavesdropping-led-street-lights-of-
las-vegas/
Effect of Better Street Lighting on Crime and Fear: A Review - Malcolm Ramsay and Rosemary
Newton
o http://www.ocpa-
oh.org/Evaluatfon%20and%20Research/Effect%20of%20Street%20Lightfng%20on%20C
rime%20-%20UK.pdf
Effects of Improved Street Lighting on Crime - Brandon P. Welsh and David C. Farrington
o http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/people/academic_research/david_farrington/light.pdf
Evaluation Report: Wireless Control and Communication of LED Streetlights and Other
Devices – San Francisco (California) Public Utflitfes Commission
o https://sfwater.org/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentfd=5972
Good Lighting for Museums, Galleries and Exhibitions – Fördergemeinschaft Gutes Licht
o http://www.licht.de/fileadmin/Publikatfonen_Downloads/lichtwissen18_light_museu
ms_galleries.pdf
Guide to Fairfax County’s Outdoor Lighting Standards – Fairfax County, Virginia
o http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/code/lightfng/
Guide to FEMP-Designated Parking Lot Lighting – U.S Department of Energy
o http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/02/f7/parking_lots_guide.pdf
Guide to FEMP-Designated Parking Structure Lighting – U.S Department of Energy
o http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/02/f7/parking_structure_lightfng_guide.pdf
Guide to the Raleigh Lighting Ordinance - City of Raleigh, North Carolina
o https://www.raleighnc.gov/content/BoardsCommissions/Documents/AppearanceCom
mission/Resources/ACRaleighLightfngOrdinanceGuide.pdf
How LEDs Are Going to Change the Way We Look at Cities – Forbes
o http://www.forbes.com/sites/uciliawang/2014/09/10/bright-lights-big-
profits/#52fcb53c7a57
Human and Environmental Effects of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Community Lighting –
American Medical Associatfon
o http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-people/ama-councils/council-
science-public-health/reports/2016-reports.page
Improved Street Lighting and Crime Prevention: A Systematic Review - Swedish Natfonal
Council for Crime Preventfon
o http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/people/academic_research/david_farrington/lightsw.pdf
Influence of Street Lighting on Crime and Fear of Crime - Stephen Atkins, Sohail Husain and
Angele Storey
o http://www.celfosc.org/biblio/seguridad/atkins.pdf
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 18
LA’s Using Energy Savings from LED Streetlights to Charge Electric Vehicles – Wired Magazine
o https://www.wired.com/2016/06/las-using-energy-savings-led-streetlights-charge-
electric-vehicles/
Land Development Code Article 14 Chapter A: Outdoor Lighting – Palm Beach County, Florida
o http://www.pbcgov.com/pzb/uldc/artfcles/Artfcle14.pdf
LED Streetlight Application Assessment Project: Pilot Study – Seattle (Washington) City Light
o http://www.seattle.gov/light/streetlight/led/docs/SCL%20LED%20Consultant%20Repo
rt.pdf
LED Streetlights in Brooklyn (New York) Are Saving Energy but Exhausting Residents – New
York Times
o http://www.nytfmes.com/2015/03/24/nyregion/new-led-streetlights-shine-too-
brightly-for-some-in-brooklyn.html
LEED BD+C: New Construction v4: Light Pollution Reduction (1 Point) – U.S. Green Building
Council
o http://www.usgbc.org/node/2600382?return=/credits
Life-Cycle Assessment of Energy and Environmental Impacts of LED Lighting Products Part 3 –
U.S. Department of Energy
o http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publicatfons/pdfs/ssl/2013_led_lca-pt3.pdf
Light Pollution and Uplight Ratings – Ian Ashdown
o http://agi32.com/blog/category/idaies-model-lightfng-ordinance/
Light Pollution Endangers Our Security and Our Safety – Department of Physics, Florida
Atlantfc University
o http://physics.fau.edu/observatory/lightpol-security.html
Lighting for Libraries – David Malman and Libris Design Project
o http://www.iar.unicamp.br/lab/luz/ld/Arquitetural/diversos/Lightfng%20for%20Librari
es.pdf
Lighting Ordinances and Dark Sky Incentives – Paul Davis
o http://osceola.ifas.ufl.edu/nat_res/pdf/lightfng_ordinances_and_dark_sky_incentfves.
pdf
Lighting Standards for Parks and Related Public Facilities – City of Moreno Valley, California
o http://www.moreno-valley.ca.us/city_hall/forms/parks/park-facilitylightfng-
standards0111.pdf
Limiting The Impact of Light Pollution on Human Health, Environment and Stellar Visibility -
Fabio Falchia, Pierantonio Cinzanoa, Christopher D. Elvidgeb, David M. Keithc, and Abraham
Haimd
o Journal of Environmental Management - Volume 92, Issue 10, October 2011, Pages
2714–2722
Mayor Caldwell (Honolulu, Hawaii) Retreats from LED Streetlight Plan – Civil Beat
o http://www.civilbeat.org/2015/11/curt-sanburn-mayor-caldwell-retreats-from-led-
streetlight-plan/
Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO) – Illuminatfng Engineering Society / Internatfonal Dark-Sky
Associatfon
o http://darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-
manager/16_MLO_FINAL_JUNE2011.PDF
Model Lighting Ordinance for Marine Turtle Protection – Florida Department of State
o https://www.flrules.org/gateway/ChapterHome.asp?Chapter=62B-55
Municipal Lighting - Pennsylvania Outdoor Lighting Council
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 19
o http://www.polcouncil.org/
Ordinance No. 99-7 – City of Marco Island, FL
o http://www.cityofmarcoisland.com/index.aspx?page=98
OSH Answers Fact Sheets: Lighting Ergonomics – Canadian Centre for Occupatfonal Health and
Safety
o https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/ergonomics/lightfng_general.html
Outdoor Lighting Standards - California Energy Commission
o http://www.energy.ca.gov/2012publicatfons/CEC-400-2012-004/CEC-400-2012-004-
15DAY.pdf
Outdoor Lighting Task Force Proposed Ordinance Presentation - City of Cambridge
o https://www.cambridgema.gov/cdd/projects/econdev/~/media/798EE6E1531D4909A
DAD9F94C2098DB2.ashx
Park and Park Facilities Standards Manual – City of Irvine, California
o http://www.cityofirvine.org/development-engineering/park-standards-manual
Pedestrian Friendly Outdoor Lighting – United States Department of Energy
o http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publicatfons/pdfs/ssl/2013_gateway_pedestria
n.pdf
Review of Street Lighting Evaluations: Crime Reducing Effects – Ken Pease of the University of
Huddersfield
o http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.361.9663&rep=rep1&type
=pdf
Seattle’s (Washington) new LED-lit streets: Blinded by the lights – Crosscut
o http://crosscut.com/2013/03/streetlights-seattle-led/
Security Lighting: Guide for Security Managers – United Kingdom Centre for the Protectfon of
Natfonal Infrastructure
o https://www.cpni.gov.uk/documents/publicatfons/2015/04-march-2015-security-
lightfng.pdf?epslanguage=en-gb
Service Station Lighting – Flagstaff Dark Skies Coalitfon
o http://www.flagstaffdarkskies.org/dark-sky-solutfons/dark-sky-solutfons-2/service-
statfon-lightfng/
Solid-State Lighting Technology Fact Sheet: Energy Efficiency of LEDs – U.S. Department of
Energy
o http://energy.gov/eere/ssl/solid-state-lightfng
Street Lights and Circadian Sleep Cycles – City of Cambridge, Massachusetts
o https://www.cambridgema.gov/electrical/steetlightsandcircadiansleepcycles
Streetlight Retrofit: LED Lighting – City of Berkley, California
o https://www.cityobferkeley.info/streetlights/
Unified Development Bylaw Chapter 24: Outdoor Lighting – Town of Williston, Vermont
o http://www.town.williston.vt.us/vertfcal/sites/%7BF506B13C-605B-4878-8062-
87E5927E49F0%7D/uploads/Williston_Development_Bylaw_June_22_2009_with_Revi
sions_September_29_2010.pdf
United States Flag: Federal Law Relating to Display and Associated Questions – U.S.
Congressional Research Service
o http://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/RL30243.pdf
Why Hollywood Will Never Look the Same Again on Film: LEDs Hit the Streets of LA & NY –
No Film School
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 20
o http://nofilmschool.com/2014/02/why-hollywood-will-never-look-the-same-again-on-
film-leds-in-la-ny
Yosemite National Park Lighting Guidelines – U.S. Natfonal Park Service
o https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/nature/upload/Lightfng-Guidlines-05062011.pdf
Zoning Ordinance Chapter 28 Article VI: Outdoor Lighting – Stafford County, Virginia
o https://www.municode.com/library/va/stafford_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?n
odeId=COCO_CH28ZOOR_ARTVIBUYALASCOULI_S28-81PU
Zoning Ordinance Chapter 38 Article I Section 38-1: Outdoor Lighting – Jackson County, North
Carolina
o http://www.jacksonnc.org/_literature_212992/Sylva_Zoning_Ordinance
Zoning Ordinance Chapter 78 Article VI Division 5 Section 78-668: Lighting Standards –
Buncombe County, North Carolina
o https://www.buncombecounty.org/common/planning/zoning/zoning-ordinance.pdf
APPENDIX E – RECOMMENDED REFERENC ES FOR LIGHTING DESI GN
CODES AND OTHER REGULATION
Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design – U.S. Department of Justfce
o https://www.ada.gov/2010ADAstandards_index.htm
Endangered Species Act of 1973 – United States Congress
o http://www.epw.senate.gov/esa73.pdf
Florida Building Code – Internatfonal Code Council
o ISBN: 978-1-60983-557-6
Florida Building Code: Energy Conservation – Internatfonal Code Council
o ISBN: 978-1-60983-565-1
Florida Marine Turtle Protection Act – Florida Statutes
o http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?mode=View%20Statutes&SubMenu=1&
App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=Marine+Turtle+Protectfon+Act&URL=0300
-0399/0379/Sectfons/0379.2431.html
Land Development Code – Collier County BCC
o http://www.colliergov.net/your-government/divisions-a-e/development-review/land-
development-code-and-amendments
Ordinance 04-11 – City of Marco Island
Ordinance 05-10814 – City of Naples
NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) – Natfonal Fire Protectfon Associatfon
o ISBN: 978-1455906727
NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code – Natfonal Fire Protectfon Associatfon
o ISBN: 978-1455906727
NFPA 101: Life Safety Code – Natfonal Fire Protectfon Associatfon
o ISBN: 978-1455908240
U.S.C. Title 4 Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and the States: Chapter 1 – The Flag – U.S.
o https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-tftle4/html/USCODE-2011-tftle4-
chap1.htm
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 21
DESIGN CRITERIA
AC 150/5340-30H: Design and Installation Details for Airport Visual Aids – Federal Aviatfon
Administratfon
o http://www.faa.gov/airports/resources/advisory_circulars/index.cfm/go/document.cur
rent/documentNumber/150_5340-30
AC 150/5360-13: Planning and Design Guidelines for Airport Terminal Facilities – Federal
Aviatfon Administratfon
o http://www.faa.gov/airports/resources/advisory_circulars/index.cfm/go/document.cur
rent/documentNumber/150_5360-13
ADA Standards for Accessible Design – United States Department of Justfce
o https://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAstandards.htm#tftleII
Fixture Seal of Approval – Internatfonal Dark-Sky Associatfon
o http://darksky.org/fsa/
Manual of Uniform Minimum Standards for Design, Construction and Maintenance for
Streets and Highways [a.k.a. Florida Greenbook] – Florida Department of Transportatfon
o http://www.dot.state.fl.us/rddesign/FloridaGreenbook/FGB.shtm
STANDARDS
Aquatic Recreation Facilities – ANSI/APSP
o Standard: ANSI/APSP–9 2005
Design of High-Performance Green Buildings - ANSI/ASHRAE/IES
o Standard: ASH-ST189.1-14
Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings - ANSI/ASHRAE/IES
o Standard: ASH-ST100-15
Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Building (ASNI Approved) –
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES
o Standard: ASH-ST90.1-13
Environmental Design of Control Centres - Internatfonal Organizatfon for Standardizatfon
o Standard: ISO 11064-6:2005
Facilities Standards for the Public Buildings Service P100 – U.S. General Services Administratfon
o http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/104821
FDOT Design Standards – Florida Department of Transportatfon
o http://www.dot.state.fl.us/rddesign/DS/17/STDs.shtm
FDOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction – Florida Department of
Transportatfon
o http://www.dot.state.fl.us/programmanagement/Implemented/SpecBooks/July2016/Fil
es/716eBook.pdf
Florida Model Jail Standards Manual – Florida Sheriffs Associatfon
o https://www.flsheriffs.org/our_program/florida-model-jail-standards/fmjs-manual/
Lighting of Work Places – Internatfonal Organizatfon for Standardizatfon
o Standard: ISO 8995-1:2002
Public Swimming Pools – ANSI/APSP/Internatfonal Code Council
o Standard: ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014
GUIDEBOOKS & GUIDELINES
General Lightfng
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 22
Choosing Light Sources for General Lighting - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-254-9
Human Factors in Lighting - Peter Robert Boyce
o ISBN: 9781439874882
Light + Design: A Guide to Designing Quality Lighting for People and Buildings - Illuminatfng
Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-231-0
Lighting Controls for Energy Management - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-279-2
Lighting for Exterior Environments - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-301-0
The Lighting Handbook - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-241-9
Recommended Practice for the Economic Analysis of Lighting - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-290-7
Sustainable Lighting: An Introduction to the Environmental Impacts of Lighting - Illuminatfng
Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-87995-258-7
Network Security
CIS Critical Security Controls – Center for Internet Security
o https://www.cisecurity.org/critfcal-controls.cfm
Cybersecurity Framework- Natfonal Instftute of Standards & Technology
o http://www.nist.gov/cyberframework/
Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security - Natfonal Instftute of Standards &
Technology
o http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublicatfons/NIST.SP.800-82r2.pdf
Office Building Lightfng
American National Standard Practice for Office Lighting (ANSI Approved) - Illuminatfng
Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-262-4
Energy Efficiency Guide for Existing Commercial Buildings: Technical Implementation -
Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 9781936504176
IES Guidelines for Upgrading Lighting Systems in Commercial and Institutional Spaces -
Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-280-8
Recommended Practice for Daylighting Buildings - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-281-5
Roadway Lightfng
Design Guide for Residential Street Lighting - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-313-3
Guide for Selection, Installation, Operations and Maintenance of Roadway Lighting Control
Systems - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-314-0
2016-10-08 Lightfng Standards 23
Roadway Lighting ANSI/IES - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-299-0
Roadway Lighting Design Guide - American Associatfon of State Highway and Transportatfon
Officials
o ISBN: 978-1-56051-325-4
Security & Crime Preventfon Lightfng
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design – Timothy Crowe & Lawrence Fennelly
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-241-9
Facilities Physical Security Measures Guideline – ASIS Internatfonal
o ISBN: 978-1-887056-95-3
Guideline on Security Lighting for People, Property, and Public Spaces - Illuminatfng
Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-190-0
Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings – Department of
Homeland Security
o https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/st/st-bips-06.pdf
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC): Interior and Exterior Lighting Systems and Controls – United
States Department of Defense
o https://www.wbdg.org/ccb/DOD/UFC/ufc_3_530_01.pdf
Specialty Lightfng
Guidelines for Developing Non-Motorized Boat Launches in Florida – Florida Fish and Wildlife
Conservatfon Commission
o http://myfwc.com/media/1340507/Non-motorizedBoatfngAccessGuidelinesVer4.pdf
Lighting for Parking Facilities - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-300-3
Museum Handbook – U.S. Natfonal Park Service
o https://www.nps.gov/museum/publicatfons/handbook.html
Museum Standards and Best Practices – American Alliance of Museums
o http://www.aam-us.org/resources/ethics-standards-and-best-practfces/standards
National Cemetery Administration (NCA) Facilities Design Guide - U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs
o http://www.cfm.va.gov/tfl/nca.asp
Outdoor Lighting for Airport Environments - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-322-5
Recommended Practice for Library Lighting - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-278-5
Sports and Recreational Area Lighting - Illuminatfng Engineering Society
o ISBN: 978-0-87995-311-9
Item A19 Incandescent A19 Fluorescent A19 LED T8 Fluorescent T8 LED E39 Mogul MH HID E39 Mogul LED
Bulb Cost $1.49 $5.49 $4.99 $5.49 $6.97 $26.99 $98.57
Cost Premium to Use LED Bulb Instead of Existing Type $3.50 -$0.50 -$1.48 -$71.58 -
Bulb Wattage 60 14 10 32 17 175 45
HVAC Load (Watts) Per Bulb 19.8 4.6 3.3 10.6 5.6 0 0
Bulb Life Expectancy (Hours)1,500 12,500 25,000 36,000 36,000 20,000 50,000
Bulbs Needed Per 25,000 Hours of Usage 17 2 1 1 1 2 1
Bulb Cost Per 25,000 Hours of Usage $25.33 $10.98 $4.99 $5.49 $6.97 $53.98 $98.57
Disposal Fee Per Bulb $0.00 $1.00 $0.00 $1.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Disposal Fees Per 25,000 Hours of Usage $0.00 $2.00 $0.00 $1.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Maintenance Cost Per 25,000 Hours of Usage $120.36 $14.16 $7.08 $7.08 $7.08 $14.16 $7.08
KWH Used Per 25,000 Hours of Usage (Includes HVAC)1,995 466 333 1,064 565 4,375 1,125
Energy Cost Per 25,000 Hours of Usage $159.60 $37.24 $26.60 $85.12 $45.22 $350.00 $90.00
Bulb, Energy, and Maintenance Costs Per 25,000 Hours of Usage $305.29 $64.38 $38.67 $98.69 $59.27 $418.14 $195.65
KWH Energy Savings Per 25,000 Hours When Switching to LED 1,663 133 -499 -3,250 -
Total Savings Per 25,000 Hours When Switching to LED $266.62 $25.71 -$39.42 -$222.49 -
Bulbs Needed Per 36,000 Hours of Usage 24 3 2 1 1 2 1
Bulb Cost Per 36,000 Hours of Usage $35.76 $16.47 $9.98 $5.49 $6.97 $53.98 $98.57
Disposal Fee Per Bulb $0.00 $1.00 $0.00 $1.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Disposal Fees Per 36,000 Hours of Usage $0.00 $3.00 $0.00 $1.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Maintenance Cost Per 36,000 Hours of Usage $169.92 $21.24 $14.16 $7.08 $7.08 $14.16 $7.08
KWH Used Per 36,000 Hours of Usage (Includes HVAC)2,873 670 479 1,532 814 6,300 1,620
Energy Cost Per 36,000 Hours of Usage $229.82 $53.63 $38.30 $122.57 $65.12 $504.00 $129.60
Bulb, Energy, and Maintenance Costs Per 36,000 Hours of Usage $435.50 $94.34 $62.44 $136.14 $79.17 $572.14 $235.25
KWH Energy Savings Per 36,000 Hours When Switching to LED 2,394 192 -718 -4,680 -
Total Savings Per 36,000 Hours When Switching to LED $373.06 $31.89 -$56.98 -$336.89 -
Bulbs Needed Per 50,000 Hours of Usage 34 4 2 2 2 3 1
Bulb Cost Per 50,000 Hours of Usage $50.66 $21.96 $9.98 $10.98 $13.94 $80.97 $98.57
Disposal Fee Per Bulb $0.00 $1.00 $0.00 $1.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Disposal Fees Per 50,000 Hours of Usage $0.00 $4.00 $0.00 $2.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Maintenance Cost Per 50,000 Hours of Usage $240.72 $28.32 $14.16 $14.16 $14.16 $21.24 $7.08
KWH Used Per 50,000 Hours of Usage (Includes HVAC)3,990 931 665 2,128 1,131 8,750 2,250
Energy Cost Per 50,000 Hours of Usage $319.20 $74.48 $53.20 $170.24 $90.44 $700.00 $180.00
Bulb, Energy, and Maintenance Costs Per 50,000 Hours of Usage $610.58 $128.76 $77.34 $197.38 $118.54 $802.21 $285.65
KWH Energy Savings Per 50,000 When Switching to LED 3,325 266 -998 -6,500 -
Total Savings Per 50,000 Hours When Switching to LED $533.24 $51.42 -$78.84 -$516.56 -
Life Expectancy (Years) @ 2 Hours of Use Per Business Day 3.0 25.1 50.2 72.3 72.3 40.2 100.4
Life Expectancy (Years) @ 10 Hours of Use Per Business Day 0.6 5.0 10.0 14.5 14.5 8.0 20.1
Life Expectancy (Years) @ 24 Hours of Use Per Day (All Year)0.2 1.4 2.9 4.1 4.1 2.3 5.7
Operations & Maintenance Overview
Non-Discounted Lifecycle Costs Per Bulb for Different Technology Types
Results Summary
Scenario: Small Building LED Retrofit
Year
Annual Capital
Expenditure Rebate
Annual O&M
Savings (incl.
energy)
Annual Non-
energy O&M
Savings
Annual CO2e
Penalty
Savings
Annual
Cashflow
Cumulative
Cashflow
Annual Energy
Savings ($)
Annual Energy
Savings (kWh)
Annual CO2e
Avoided
(Tonnes/Yr)
Old Annual
O&M ($)
Old Annual
Non-energy
O&M ($)
Old Annual
Energy Costs
($)
Old Annual
Energy
Consumption
(kWh)
New Annual
O&M ($)
New Annual
Non-energy
O&M ($)
New Annual
Energy Costs
($)
New Annual
Energy
Consumption
(kWh)Material Labor Vehicle Disposal Overhead
# of Fixtures Installed 95 1 3,466$ -$ 524$ 2$ -$ (2,942)$ (2,942)$ 522$ 6,523 7 1,063$ 170$ 893$ 11,161 539$ 168$ 371$ 4,638 2,011$ 514$ 59$ 120$ 762$
Implementation Period (years)1 2 -$ -$ 535$ 2$ -$ 535$ (2,407)$ 532$ 6,523 7 1,084$ 174$ 911$ 11,161 550$ 171$ 378$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
3 -$ -$ 545$ 2$ -$ 545$ (1,862)$ 543$ 6,523 7 1,106$ 177$ 929$ 11,161 561$ 175$ 386$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
Analysis Period 15 4 -$ -$ 556$ 2$ -$ 556$ (1,306)$ 554$ 6,523 7 1,128$ 181$ 948$ 11,161 572$ 178$ 394$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
5 -$ -$ 567$ 3$ -$ 567$ (738)$ 565$ 6,523 7 1,151$ 184$ 966$ 11,161 583$ 182$ 402$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
Simple Payback (years)6.3 6 -$ -$ 579$ 3$ -$ 579$ (160)$ 576$ 6,523 7 1,174$ 188$ 986$ 11,161 595$ 185$ 410$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
15-Year Unlevered IRR 17.73%7 -$ -$ 590$ 3$ -$ 590$ 431$ 588$ 6,523 7 1,197$ 192$ 1,006$ 11,161 607$ 189$ 418$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
15-Year Unlevered NPV ($)3,523$ 8 -$ -$ 602$ 3$ -$ 602$ 1,033$ 599$ 6,523 7 1,221$ 195$ 1,026$ 11,161 619$ 193$ 426$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
15-Year Capital Expenditure ($)3,466$ 9 -$ -$ 614$ 3$ -$ 614$ 1,647$ 611$ 6,523 7 1,245$ 199$ 1,046$ 11,161 631$ 197$ 435$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
15-Year Cap. Ex. $/kWh Saved 0.0354$ 10 -$ -$ 626$ 3$ -$ 626$ 2,273$ 624$ 6,523 7 1,270$ 203$ 1,067$ 11,161 644$ 201$ 443$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
15-Year Cap. Ex. $/ton CO2e Saved 31.4879$ 11 -$ -$ 639$ 3$ -$ 639$ 2,912$ 636$ 6,523 7 1,296$ 207$ 1,088$ 11,161 657$ 205$ 452$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
12 -$ -$ 652$ 3$ -$ 652$ 3,564$ 649$ 6,523 7 1,322$ 212$ 1,110$ 11,161 670$ 209$ 461$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
Annual kWh Savings 6,523 13 -$ -$ 665$ 3$ -$ 665$ 4,229$ 662$ 6,523 7 1,348$ 216$ 1,132$ 11,161 683$ 213$ 471$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
Annual Energy Cost Savings ($)522$ 14 -$ -$ 678$ 3$ -$ 678$ 4,907$ 675$ 6,523 7 1,375$ 220$ 1,155$ 11,161 697$ 217$ 480$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
Annual GHG Savings (tCO2e)7 15 -$ -$ 692$ 3$ -$ 692$ 5,598$ 689$ 6,523 7 1,403$ 224$ 1,178$ 11,161 711$ 221$ 490$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
Old Baseline Annual kWh Use 11,161 16 -$ -$ 705$ 3$ -$ 705$ 6,304$ 702$ 6,523 7 1,431$ 229$ 1,202$ 11,161 725$ 226$ 499$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
Old Baseline Annual Energy Cost ($)893$ 17 -$ -$ 720$ 3$ -$ 720$ 7,023$ 716$ 6,523 7 1,459$ 234$ 1,226$ 11,161 740$ 230$ 509$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
Old Baseline Annual GHGs (tCO2e)13 18 -$ -$ 734$ 3$ -$ 734$ 7,757$ 731$ 6,523 7 1,488$ 238$ 1,250$ 11,161 755$ 235$ 520$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
New Baseline Annual kWh Use 4,638 19 -$ -$ 749$ 3$ -$ 749$ 8,506$ 745$ 6,523 7 1,518$ 243$ 1,275$ 11,161 770$ 240$ 530$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
New Baseline Annual Energy Cost ($)371$ 20 -$ -$ 764$ 3$ -$ 764$ 9,269$ 760$ 6,523 7 1,549$ 248$ 1,301$ 11,161 785$ 244$ 541$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
New Baseline Annual GHGs (tCO2e)5 21 -$ -$ 779$ 3$ -$ 779$ 10,048$ 775$ 6,523 7 1,580$ 253$ 1,327$ 11,161 801$ 249$ 551$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
`22 -$ -$ 794$ 4$ -$ 794$ 10,842$ 791$ 6,523 7 1,611$ 258$ 1,353$ 11,161 817$ 254$ 562$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
First-Year Avg. Capital Expend. per Unit ($)36$ 23 -$ -$ 810$ 4$ -$ 810$ 11,653$ 807$ 6,523 7 1,643$ 263$ 1,380$ 11,161 833$ 259$ 574$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
First-Year Avg. Material Cost per Unit ($)21$ 24 -$ -$ 827$ 4$ -$ 827$ 12,479$ 823$ 6,523 7 1,676$ 268$ 1,408$ 11,161 850$ 265$ 585$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
First-Year Avg. Labor Cost per Unit ($)5$ 25 -$ -$ 843$ 4$ -$ 843$ 13,322$ 839$ 6,523 7 1,710$ 274$ 1,436$ 11,161 867$ 270$ 597$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
First-Year Avg. Vehicle Cost per Unit ($)1$ 26 -$ -$ 860$ 4$ -$ 860$ 14,182$ 856$ 6,523 7 1,744$ 279$ 1,465$ 11,161 884$ 275$ 609$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
First-Year Avg. Disposal Cost per Unit ($)1$ 27 -$ -$ 877$ 4$ -$ 877$ 15,059$ 873$ 6,523 7 1,779$ 285$ 1,494$ 11,161 902$ 281$ 621$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
First-Year Avg. Overhead Cost per Unit ($)8$ 28 -$ -$ 895$ 4$ -$ 895$ 15,954$ 891$ 6,523 7 1,814$ 290$ 1,524$ 11,161 920$ 286$ 633$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
29 -$ -$ 913$ 4$ -$ 913$ 16,866$ 909$ 6,523 7 1,851$ 296$ 1,554$ 11,161 938$ 292$ 646$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
30 -$ -$ 931$ 4$ -$ 931$ 17,797$ 927$ 6,523 7 1,888$ 302$ 1,586$ 11,161 957$ 298$ 659$ 4,638 -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
Capital Expenditure ComponentsPre-Finance Results Summary Simple Cashflows Environmental Savings Summary Selected Pre- and Post-Project Data
$(4)
$(3)
$(2)
$(1)
$-
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
$6
$7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Thousands
Year
Simple Cumulative Cashflow
100.0%41.6%0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Old Baseline Annual kWh Use New Baseline Annual kWh UseThousands kWhEnergy Impacts
$(4)
$(4)
$(3)
$(3)
$(2)
$(2)
$(1)
$(1)
$-
$1
$1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Thousands
Year
Annual Cashflow with Components
Annual Energy Savings ($)
Annual CO2e Penalty Savings
Annual Non-energy O&M Savings
Rebate
Annual Capital Expenditure
Annual Cashflow
November 15th, 2016
Prepared by the Lighting Team
Presented by Joshua Hammond
County
Lighting
Evaluation
Collier County Lighting Team Over view
•Created in April 2016
•Comprised of major lighting stakeholders within the County
•Ta sked with:
•Assessing the current state of lighting in Collier County
•Researching best practices for lighting standards and policies
•Including safety, security, ef ficiency, and “Dark Sky” considerations
•Developing standards for County owned/maintained sites and structures
•Analyzing Return On Investment (ROI) for potential retrofit projects
•Laying the foundation for Land Development Code updates
Vision, Mission, and Guiding Principles
Vision: To be leader in community lighting standards and practices, while
protecting and preserving the natural environment and view of the night sky.
Mission: To develop standards, policies, and codes that effectively, efficiently,
responsibly, safely, and securely illuminate Collier County.
Guiding Principles:
•Lighting designs should minimize light trespass/pollution and impact on neighboring
properties and natural habitats while ensuring safety, security, utility, productivity,
commerce, livability, and enjoyment.
•Lighting equipment should be responsibly selected and sourced through careful
consideration of the short and long-term financial, environmental, and social costs
incurred through lighting.
•Energy and resources should be conserved to the greatest extent possible.
•Designs should be practical as well as financially and technologically feasible, based
on industry-acceptable best practices.
•Lighting systems should be properly implemented, maintained, and managed.
LED Lighting Evaluation
•Longer lifespan
•Decreased maintenance costs
•~ 60% energy savings
•~ 5 to 7 year break-even point for retrofits
•Fixtures to Replace: 4,958
•To tal Undiscounted Capital Expenditure: $3,850,000
•Break-even Point: approximately 5-7 Years
•To tal Discounted Savings (20 Years): $3,600,000
•Annual Undiscounted Energy Savings: $345,000 (60%)
•Annual Undiscounted O&M Savings: $158,000
ROI Example: Roadway Lighting
•Units to Replace: 71 1
•To tal Undiscounted Capital Expenditure: $24,000
•Break-even Point: 5-6 Years
•To tal Discounted Savings (15 Years): $43,000
•Annual Undiscounted Energy Savings: $4,000 (58%)
ROI Scenario: Large Building Retrofit
Basic Principles of Ef ficient & Ef fective Lighting
•Use light only when you need it
•Be no brighter than necessar y
•Only light intended areas
•Limit glare, light trespass, and skyglow
Lighting Basics for Crime Prevention and Safety
•Allow for the detection of potential threats
•Don’t spotlight potential victim(s)
•Avoid harsh shadows and glare
•Uniformity of light is more impor tant than overall light levels
Unshielded Light SourceShielded Light Source
County Lighting Standards
Appropriate Fixture Selection
Direct
Light
Downward
County Lighting Standards
Automation
•Utilize light / occupancy sensors
•Don’t illuminate empty spaces
•Don’t light exteriors during the day
•Reduce light output when possible
•Maximum intensity isn’t needed
when people have left the area
County Lighting Standards
Lighting Zones
Lighting
Zones
Light Reduction
R = Required / V = Voluntary
Maximum Light Output
Percentage
LZ0 R -1 Hour after close of business 25%
LZ1 R-1 ½ Hours after close of business 25%
LZ2 R -2 Hours after close of business 50%
LZ3 V -2 Hours after close of business 50%
Broward / Miami-Dade
(~ 55 to 70 miles away)
Everglades City
(~ 18 miles away)
Naples / For t Myers
(possibly Tampa as well)
Environmental Considerations for Lighting
•Wa sted Resources (energy & materials)
•Environmental Impacts (flora & fauna)
•Health Effects (sleep cycles)
prospective
County Lighting Standards Applicability
•Sites and structures owned and/or maintained by the BCC Agency
•Referenced in all Department/Division construction standards documents
•Referenced in contracts and purchase orders for lighting-related projects
•Designed to be prospective and will not require immediate retrofits
•Does not apply to private businesses or residences (at this time)
Recommendations
1.Establish best practices and standards for lighting at BCC Agency
owned and/or maintained sites and structures.
2.Ve t Land Development Code updates that incorporate and expound
upon the principles contained in the County Lighting Standards.
3.Work with OMB to evaluate the acceleration of LED lighting projects
for a positive return on investment, starting in FY18.
4.Continue working with FDOT and utility companies, regarding the
adoption of standards that incorporate the principles contained in the
County Lighting Standards.