Agenda 04/19/1990 C
PARKS AND RECREATION ADVISORY BOARD
AGENDA
APRIL 19, 1990
The Parks and Recreation Advisory Board meeting will be held Thursday, April
19, 1990, 8:30 a.m. at the Library in Immokalee, Florida.
I. Call to Order
II. Approval of Minutes
III. Tour of Immokalee Area Facilities
IV. Old Business
A. Election of Officers
41:1
B. Action List
C. Discussion of Beach Permit Parking
D. Absenteeism, Meeting Dates and Times
E. Beach Parking Signage
V. New Business
A. Comp Plan Discussion for Immokalee
B. Plastic Materials on the Beach
C. Boat Parking on the Beach
VI. Adjournment
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AcrION LIST
APRIL 19, 1990
1. Frank E. Mackle Building Expansion
2. Beach Parking Permits
3. Tigertail Vegetation Permit
4. Conklin Point Update
5. Baseball Field & Parking Lot North Naples Community Park.
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PARAB MEETING FOR 04/19/90
SUBJECT TAPE # SIDE TIME ZONE
I. CALL TO ORDER 1 A 00.0--?
II. APPROVAL OF MINUTES 1 A ?--?
III. TOUR OF IMNIDK LEE AREA
FACILITIES NONE NONE NONE
IV. OLD BUSINESS
A. Election of Officers 1 A 03.2--05.6
B. Action List
1. Frank E. Mackie
Building Expansion 1 A 05.7--end
1 B 00.0--13.2
® (Motion) 1 B 00.3--01.0
(Seconded) 1 B 01.1--01.2
(Discussion) 1 B 01.2--04.2
(Recinded) 1 B 04.2
(Motion) 1 B 05.2--05.3
(Amended) 1 B 08.4--09.5
(Seconded) 1 B 09.5--09.7
(Discussion) 1 B 09.8--12.3
(Vote) 1 B 12.4--12.7
V. NEW BUSINESS
A. Comprehensive Plan
Discussion for Immokalee 1 B 12.8--end
2 A 00.0--21.8
(Michelle Edwards &
John Whithger's
presentaton) 1 B 23.2--?
IV. OLD BUSINESS
C. Action List
2. Discussion of Beach
Parking Permit 2 B 07.2--42.3
4111) 3 A 00.0--06.2
(Motion) 2 B 28.1--28.2
(Second) 2 B 28.3--28.3
Page #2
PARAB--Time Zones
04/19/90 Meeting
0 SUBJECT TAPE # SIDE TIME ZONE
2. Discussion of the Beach Parking Permit (continued)
(Vote) 2 B 28.4--28.7
(Discussion) 2 B 28.7--end
3 A 00.0--04.9
(Mr. Kim Kobza's
statement) 2 B 31.4--31.9
(Motion) 3 A 04.9--05.3
(Second) 3 A 05.4--05.7
(Vote) 3 A 05.8--06.2
(Deferred) 3 A 06.3--07.1
3. Tigertail Veg. (Couldn't find on tapes) (erased)
Permit <> <> <>
4. Conklin Point (Couldn't find on tapes) (erased)
Update <> <> <>
5. Baseball Field & (Couldn't find on tapes) (erased)
Parking Lot NNCP <> <> <>
C. Discussion of Beach Parking
Permit (See Item IV. , B. , 2. above)
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D. Absenteeism, Meeting Dates
& Times 3 A 07.1--15.8
(Motion) 3 A 15.0--15.3
(Second) 3 A 15.4--15.4
(Vote) 3 A 15.5--15.8
E. Beach Parking Signage 3 A 15.9--17.2
V. NEW BUSINESS
B. Plastic Materials on the
Beach 3 A 17.3--20.6
C. Boat Parking on the Beach 3 A 20.8--23.1
D. Frank E. Mackle, Jr.
Street Light Update 3 A 23.2--23.8
E. Letter From Karen Davidson 3 A 23.9--24.3
F. Location for Next Meeting 3 A 24.4--24.9
VI. ADJOURNMENT 3 A 25.0--25.6
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GUIDELINES
1
COLLIER COUNTY PARKS AND RECREATION ADVISORY BOARD
.. C)
JANUARY 18 , 1990
ARTICLE I - Membership
Sec. 1 Pursuant to the authority of the Board of County Commissioners,
Collier County, Florida, and as provided by Florida Statutes,
the Collier County Parks and Recreation Advisory Board shall
consist of one (1) member from each voting district appointed
in increments of two and three each by the Board of County
Commissioners to serve for four years commencing on appropriate
odd numbered years.
Sec. 2 Members shall attend meetings regularly and serve as officers
of the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board to which they may be
appointed. In accordance with Board of County Commissioners
policy, if an advisory board member misses three (3) regularly
scheduled consecutive meetings without prior approval, he will
be considered terminated from the advisory board. Replacements
shall also be appointed in accordance with Board of County
Commissioners policy.
4C) ARTICLE II - Officers
Sec. 1 At the annual meeting (October) each year, the board members
will select from among their number a Chairman and a Vice
Chairman to take office at the next regular meeting and serve
for one year, with eligibility for re-election.
Sec. 2 The Chairman shall preside at all meetings, authorize calls for
any special meetings and generally perform the duties of
presiding officer.
Sec. 3 The Chairman shall be empowered to call a special election to
fill any officer vacancy.
Sec. 4 The Vice Chairman shall serve in the absence of the Chairman.
Sec. 5 The department staff shall keep a true and accurate account of
all proceedings of regular board meetings and, on authorization
by the Chairman, of any special meetings, shall have custody of
the minutes and other records of the board and shall notify the
Chairman when a vacancy occurs.
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AMI , PARAB Guidelines
NW 1/23/90
Page 2
ARTICLE III - Duties
Sec. 1 Functions, powers and duties of the Parks and Recreation
Advisory Board shall be as follows:
A. Act in an advisory capacity to the Board of County
Commissioners in policy matters relating to Parks and
Recreation affairs.
B. To respond to citizen interests or inquiries relating to
Parks and Recreation activities.
C. To promote citizen awareness and encourage community
understanding of the Parks and Recreation Department.
D. Identify, study, evaluate and provide recommendations to
the Board of County Commissioners on policy matters
relating to Parks and Recreation.
E. To accept policy study assignments from the Board of County
4111) Commissioners and present such recommendations to the
Commission for action.
F. Review the capital expenditures of the department and make
a recommendation to the County commission on all capital
expenditures in excess of $25, 000.
G. Annually review the proposed tentative budget of the
department.
H. Review, make recommendations on Master Planning of all park
facilities; particularly community parks, regional parks,
beach/water sites.
I. Maintain familiarity with department facilities and program
services through periodic visits.
ARTICLE IV - Parks and Recreation Director
Sec. 1 The Parks and Recreation Director will have charge of the
administration of the Department under the direction and
approval of the Public Services Division Administrator.
` Sec. 2 The Director will assure the care of buildings and equipment,
401)
direction of the staff, quality of the department's services
and operation of the Parks and Recreation department under the
financial conditions set forth in the annual budget.
All, PARAB Guidelines
' 1/25/90
Page 3
ARTICLE V - Meetings
Sec. 1 The regular meeting of the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board
shall be held at the call of the Chairman on the third Thursday
of each month at a Parks and Recreation Department location or
• other date approved by the board and properly advertised to the
public.
Sec. 2 The annual meeting shall be held immediately following the
close of the regular meeting in October at the same place.
Sec. 3 The Chairman may call special meetings when he deems it
necessary, or shall call such meetings upon the written request
of two board members for the transaction of only that business
stated in the call.
Sec. 4 All meetings of the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board are
held in conformance with the provisions of Chapter 286, Florida
Statutes.
Sec. 5 Three members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
all business of the board.
Sec. 6 The order of business for regular meetings shall be:
Call to Order
Approval of Minutes
Staff Report
Communications
Unfinished Business
General Considerations
Public Presentations
Adjournment
Sec. 7 Robert's Rules of Order, latest revised edition, shall govern
the parliamentary procedure of the board in all situations not
covered by these bylaws.
Mir
y3, _n ' Development Services Department
7-• ref � =' � Community Development Division / Collier County Government
,11‘;:', 2800 North Horseshoe Drive / Naples,FL 33942-6917
= .a-"p Phone:813 / 643-8400 PROJECT REVIEW SERVICES
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'i, A:;'March 23 , 1990
Ron Pergl AIA
Forsyth Architects Inc.
900 Sixth Avenue South
Naples, Florida 33940-6786
Re: Marco Community Recreation Center
• Dear Ron:
This letter is in regards to the plans for Marco Community Center.
After reviewing the plans, I was able to classify this building as
Assembly Class C. However, when this new addition is added, the
classification of this building will change to Class B Assembly.
When every A Building changes, an occupancies classification, the
entire building will have to be brought up to current code. (SBC
IC) 303 . 1) Some of my fire relative concerns are as follows:
1. Class B Assembly will require an automatic fire
sprinkler system. (NFPA 101:8-3 .5. 1)
2 . Class B Assembly will require a fire alarm system.
(NFPA 101:8-3 .4)
3 . Interior finish on a Class B Assembly will have to be
a minimum of Class B Finish. This includes any
material classified at more than 25, but not more
than 75 on the flame spread test scale and 450 or
less on the smoke test scale described in 6-5. 2 . 2 .
4 . Panic hardware will be required on all second means
of egress. (NFPA 101: 8-2 . 11. 1)
Ron, this is just some of the major concerns that I have. However, .
if a four (4) hour wall was installed then we would be looking at
two buildings and the existing side would still be Class C and the
new addition would also be Class C. If this building is Type V
construction, this fire wall must extend not less than three (3)
feet above the roof. A further and complete review will be done at
the time that the plans are submitted.
, ICI
GJ�,►.�E.`r
otJ$
Page 2
Mr. Ron Pergl AIA
March 23, 1990
Thank you for your interest in Fire and Life Safety. If I can be
of further help, please call me at 643-8471.
inc rel ,
Robert Sal 4. 010
Fire Plans Reviewer
RS/mh
cc: G. C. Mueller
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All
1717%
RETROFIT EXISTING FACILITY
I. Sprinkler system 18,000.
Replace and repair ceiling 4,300.
Remove existing wall 1,500.
G.C. overhead and profit 2,380. •
M Y 26,180.
II. BLdget 100,000.
Retrofit - 26,11-10.
2alance ft 73,820.
401)
Design Fees - 2,500.
total for construction $71,320.
New Building (4 $68. Sq. ft. 1064 Sq. Ft.
1064' - 46 = 23 additional feet
'; OR total of 3006 sq. ft. or total of 423 people
an increase of 146 people.
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PAESI Ar 1CRIATION CIE PLAN
•
CP.' FACILITIES FACILITIES MAO TO
. - IEONIRED AVAILABLE WILD 48.09 09.90 90.91 91-92 92-93 93-94 94.95
-C 700 croni tnnat.r 2 1 1 1 a-Ratites
100.000 p.r unit ' 100,000
703 B..abalt fields 7 3 4 1 0.Gat, 1 N.Naples 1 N.Naptes '
420,000 per unit 420,000 420,000 1 O.Gate •
840,000
703 Bass.[Oall/Volleyball 32.9 17 16 3 N.Naptas
17,500 per unit - 4(.Naples
• 3 P.[.Mackl.
3 Iasoka4es
3 Golden Gate
16•280,000 .
703 ChilgrrMs Playground 20 15 5 - 1 N.Naplr
22.550 p.r unit - 1 O.Gsts
. 1 E.wples
1 Iaociates
1 9.E.Mackta
' 5•112,750
•
703 Comity e.g.,. 1 2 S 1 N.Naples t 1asoesl.e 1 tataakalaa
610,000 p.r unit I[.Naples 1 0.Gala •
2• 2•
. - 1,220,000 1,2200,000 1.610,000
703 Community Pools 1 0 1 taodkal.e 1 l.mokales
600,000 par unit Cosign 552,000
• 48,000
703 Flamm Trails 7 0 a 2 E.Naples 1 0.Goto 2 Marco 1 N.Naples
50,000 per unit - 2 1 !social.. 2 1 taoska1..
100,000 2•100,000 100,000• 2•100,000
-
703 Po.tbitlocc.r 7 S - 3 1 Issoksl1 ECapitaM r 5.
1[.On. ..-__
.
225,500
.--
225,500 par unit • 225,500 22S,S00 225,500
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...»...s. ..».....».«._ ...._..« Names.» ....... .....«.-»..«.-..
705 Gymnasiums1.1 1 1 Design d 1[. •__«•••«-•
9N,000 per alit • d Facility 062,300
48,000
706 Jogging!rails-.files 4 tut .«.»«3.. «. 1 Cram, «-1 a.Naplr ilt
1 tae/es .
26,400 per unit 25.000 25,000 23.000
700 Olympic tuirin0 Poet 1 0 I Design 1 0 Gat. .
1,564,000 per unit 218,000 1,346,000
Picnic► illi. 13 1 12«- -
., . 2 N Naples
28,000 p.r unit - 3 6.06t.
2 E.Naplr
4•F.f.$.cSte
. -- 11.308,000
•
703 Racquet Ball Courts 26 16 10 2 O.Gte
Z 34,170 p.r unit
2 N.Napir
. 7,Immoka/es
2 E...plos
2 Mares
10.541,700
70;Shuttle lased Courts 13 23 - 2 N.Naptes
10,500 p.r unit 21,000
703 Softball flald 13.2 14 -
192,500 per unit
707 Tanis Courts 13.2 32 -
18,750 per unit
709 Tract and Field 1 8 1 Design 1 8.0.40
191,520 19,000 172,000
710 Boat Lama 19 7 12 2 0J111 2 Latus 2 Latus 2 Lanes alines
182.262 par unit 1 7 386,000 386,000 306,000 386,000
3.61[.000
111:) 702 Comity Perk 6th Purchase 1 Wild 81494111
26,000 par acro 860,000 1,4911,000 100,000
702 Caarsiity Perk 7th «.«. .. «.«.«. PiedOssa POaw 1 Plume 2
26,000 par acro 860.000 1,4201,000 446,000. 1,023,000
••
707[Sime/Perk Lad «........»..«... •••
Pr.-O.sllln PIs Ow
10,000 per acre 170.000 7,000,000
I-
f 4.10.69 Pepuiatian 186.348
1161
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-. SECTION F-1not be satisfied when surroun.t,:
many campers, and must seek s`,,,:. -= `
tion in a facility with greater acr
GENERAL PLANNING the camping area will easily sup. ,'
recreationists with a satisfactory":":'
experience in which exclusivity,Fe
important.
I.
WHEN PLANNING recreation areas, public works departments will be counted Types of outdoor recreation
several things must be considered: The on to provide services. aci 1
need for such facilities must be deter- When planning"outdoor recreational permitted also affect the capacity, "'.; #
mined as well as the capacity.Only when facilities, remember that most outdoor area. That is, for reason of safe ,:. '
these items have been considered can recreational activity takes place on capacity of a lake if wair,to.`:i.f,.: ,
swimming will be less if water sku', ",:0`.-
construction
begin. weekends. It has been found that more
Listening to the requests of citizens• than one half of total outdoor recreational
also allowed. Further, more swi
following recreation program that can utilize a large body of water- '
.plus aP g participation took place on weekends, water skiers. `'"'�
continually updates facilities that appear and those weekends that bear the greatest psychological constraints ma "S
i • to be in demand, will help satisfy needs. burden are summer weekends.This peak- limit the capacity of an area. C
t - Awareness of just how many individuals ing demand on weekends and holidays -
i; can comfortably use a given site, and necessitates the provision of much more significantly affects the quality
when the greatest demand will be capacity than would be necessary if the and once a crowded situation - i'• :
realized, will help determine_capacity. demands for outdoor recreational •q°��'of the experience •at than:',
,.., norates rapidly with the en •,``
facilities were constant.As a result,there additional person.
. u . are usually large amounts of excess The term"instant capacity" t
F 1.1 ESTIMATING capacity on weekdays for most types of identify a method of measuring'= ;
RECREATION NEEDS facilities.Since summer weekends handle Instant capacity is defined as that-.'
I Sometimes citizens will make their rec- the greatest demand, allocate enough of people that can use an area orf.
capacity to satisfy these recreation-
•
reation demands known. If the demandsintensive periods. one time.Instant capacity is in to•`,
li are valid,and space,funds,etc.are avail- Further,consideration must be given to upon standards— the number .
able,the municipality need only proceed thPer acre,square foot,miles,etc:a,,
e socioeconomic characteristics of the
to meet the specific requests. In other or area should be expected to acco `;
cases, however, the municipality may population you are serving: Sex, age, date at one point in time.; r<'�',
wish to anticipate citizen demands and place of residence (urban or rural), in- standards, as shown in Table I;-3 come, educational level, race, and geo-
graphic
•
periodically increase, decrease, or up- graphic location. pec ed to reflect the quality ley. "
(: grade facilities as part of a master recrea-
tion peBe a by the people being seri•' ,
plan. F-1.2 ESTIMATING CAPACITIES Be aware,however,that thee; E
s Obviously,citizens cannot expect their den pitfall in projecting outdo:".
every outdoor recreational whim to be When considering capacities of various ata :a demand solely on pop��,
catered to by recreation departments,and outdoor facilities,first keep in mind that Many people travel to recce;i
1 some facilities will best be handled by the there are several factors that can affect additional capacities may be.;,,,,-t.
private sector.Under some general head- the capacity a particular outdoor recrea (Where they are going,not where if--
from
f=
Ings,however,such as parks,picnic areas tion facility is capable of providing. from or live.This caution would •'•..,
and playgrounds, golf courses, outdoor Capacity is partially determined by how areas that experience a large i i
court sports, field sports, swimming intensively the area is used. An individual tourists and vacationers and not to l,,,
pools and beaches,and boating facilities, interested in wilderness recreation will communities that maintain a fairly--'4"."`
stant population and economic levels " ''''
Table 1 — Standards for Outdoor F-1.3 PLANNING RECREATI a .i' •
Recreation Facilities AREA FACILITIES
t. •
Facility Standard Once land has been set aside forr=«:.
Community, neighborhood parks,playgrounds tion,a question soon arises: What
1. and playfields 50 people per acre put on it? One clue to the answer '`
Outdoor swimming pools 4 swimmers per hundrea R• come from those people who will be c
�' the area. If no clear current or fu " •'
,tOutdoor swimming beaches 218 people per acre mand for a given recreation facility.;I
,. Picnic tables 5 people per table
Picnic areas 40 people per acre documented,it would be a waste
A : Developed camping sites 4 campers per site materials,and money to build sac;Y y
Boat slips and moorings 4 boatmen per slip ity. ,r
f Boat lanes 4 boatmen per lane On the other hand,minimum a.•f;'
Parking spaces at boat ramps 4 boatmen per space sports.irTotements must v available for:
' Tennis courts 4 players Tot lots or vestpocket park,3:
p y per court erally will not accommodate 01
Hiking trails 20 hikers per mile swimming pools no matter how .,'.
Horseback riding trails 20 Faders per mile people want to take a dip. Table 2 id,'
Bicycling trails 80 cyclists per mile tended to help planners decide what, •i..
Nature or Interpretive trails' 211 people per mile fit where. It includes dimensions of s. ;'
Golf courses general recreation facilities a mu' :.
Regtrses n 8 players per hole pality may be called upon to install;'
Executive the equivalent acreage necessaryfor.
Par 3 4 P�Yers per hole an installation.
per hole Another important consideration is>.
" 1 Based on a standard of one rson
Peper 25 feet of
4 trail players
planning of a recreational area to•_
4'' • L� •Y r•-•:•-•..4.4.-'''` Y-�t-F. •.i.371 -.-., 41..••4•4 T.f t 7�'9.w .._ ". ':'�'�"se
Ars.
F—OUTDOOR RECREATION
matology.The prevailing climate must Table 3—Vandalism Targets
Kvaluated in the planning process so Minor cosmetic or Non-Repainble Vandalism, Dysfunctional Facilities
Ail any physical modifications cf the site Rbl Vandalism But Still Functional Due to Vandalism
;--iii improve the microclimate. Always Reatroorne(doors, Restroorrta(roofs, Drinking fountains
power of wind,relative humidity, webs. 't doors) lights
sun exposure. ) Benches Waste containers
Shelters Electric meters Swings
Picnic tables Waste containers Plantings
F.1.4 DESIGNING OUTDOOR Waste ners Restrooms(plumbing)
Wass Benches
RECREATION FACILITIES Benches Basketball backstops Electric outlets 5��
suns every outdoor recreation facility Walls Drinking fountains Flagpoles
.d ilcrent in terms of site location and Drinking fountains Bleachers Fencing
,t,iirment users, standardization of de- lights Wooden climbers Whirls
,ign data is impossible. However, some Electric outlets Flagpoles Electric outlets
mints concerning park design for easier Fencing Guard railings Electric meters
construction and maintenance are com- SO* Play apparatus Guard railings
lion to all projects. Wooden climbers Bike racks Bleachers
Always design for quality construction Bleachers Fencing Teeters
use the best materials available,at the r ..:. :
-'most reasonable cost,which can be deli- ':
z•;:send and installed in the least amount of log specific recommendations in mind: mind;limit access to lighting controls and
time.Work with adequate plans and spec- Buildings. Use brick, stone, cement monitor usage; use heavy-duty switch-
:.ifications. Employ a qualified contractor block or clay-block for outside walls;use gear that is well-protected against van-
std allow for proper working conditions. wood stain instead of paintfor outside dalism. •
wea-therdelaystlte•work;doilot permit WOodbnm ateel-dours raffti cos- -goIIti'•subFroil°founda-
the contractor to rush carelessly to catch ings;minimum use of windows;and use tion is critical as is the proper thickness of
up. skylights and/or louvers for light and yen- materials,surface preparation,and mate-
The designer should be experienced tilation. rial application;consider design for alter-
and understand how the specified equip- Play apparatus.Use concrete footings; nate uses of courts,such as spraying for
meat is installed and how materials are edge play areas with wood timbers; soft ice skating in the winter.
correctly applied in the field. The de- surfaces such as licorice root, wood Pools.Use quality concrete and expert-
;liner should be able to spot the contras- chips,or shock absorbing synthetic sur- enced contractors;PVC pool piping and
tor's "shortcuts" and know when to faces should be used under equipment. modem filters for low-maintenance.
allow substitute materials or equipment Avoid grass. .. F-1.41 Vandalism
to be used. Athletic fields.Consider the soil charac-
The designer should meet with the bid- teristics and how•they will.allow for A wealth of material has been written _
ders before bids are received.This meet- adequate drainage;construct easily main- probing the psyche of the vdndal in an
lag will reveal inadequacies of the bid mined infields with•proper,drainage. attempt to reduce vandalism at its source.
documents and clarify questions of bid- Landscaping.Have<a well•,thought-out The average vandal is usually chatac-
ders. It is advisable to determine each landscape plan and use good materials; terized as an individual lacking a healthy
bidders' financial capability and require opt for large trees and bushes rather than
Q
self-image who attempts to strike out at
financial and experience references.Try small or easily damaged plantings.
athe establishment in retaliation. Numer-
�discern the successful bidder's attitude Lighting systems. Select durable poles
ous programs have been developed to
toward the project. and energy efficient luminaires. Keep provide vandals and potential vandals
With respect to design,keep the follow- maintenance, such as bulb changing, in with healthy outlets for their anger and
frustration. But the fact remains that a
Table 2— Dimensions and Acreages degree of vandalism will always exist,and
for Outdoor Recreation Facilities certain measures at the design,construc-
tion, and maintenance steps of outdoor •
• - Court/Rang./FN1d recreation facilities can also help to keep
Aalrly Dimensions'. . Acreage Needed the problem to a minimum.
Archery - . '•" '' . .`. s..' < -An 18-page booklet entitled Vandalism
50'yds.st180 yds, .:(410 .pr
evention:.Handbook .by Leonard E.
Baseball 350 x 450 .t---1-9 ,Philips.Jr.,`presentsan overview of the '
Basketball • 50 1r ,,,,.3 Pt ' 10 ,vandalism problem:,Thee following infor-
0011(18 holes) �— a �50w r
+ mation rs sit ,from.the booklet,
Oolf(9 holes) �n A„r from the
ar sqi.:.:,3,-. Copies Af wtu nti lre vbtamed
Golf(pllchlputq :-.4....'..;••••--- t ..7'•i -, t� a 10 .. handling
Handball autba 'oi' S plus S 1.50 for hand6 at
Horseshoes 30 x 40 `""""'`«- 5-Monson Drive,West Peabody,Massa-
Horse ho 10 it50 ,,. ...:, — chusetts 01960. •
Paddl Range 20 x 40 .• Design solutions begin with an identifi-
150 x 150 •50 cation of the most commonly vandalized
Skeet Shooting 150 x 150 •50 targets. Research by Dr. Monty Chris-
Softball 275 x 275 1.80
tiansen of the Pennsylvania State Univer-
Swimming,Olympic Course 50 x 185 .15 sity resulted in the material shown in
Swimming,Short Course 42 it.::75: .15 Table 3, which lists in descending order '
Tarsals. 50 st !s0 .11
the.frequency and degree'ofdamage of* :,s..- 1
crap Shooting ..,,�................... Me 11 50Q'. ......iw -silk anadyeetentinnikcilities.
Padre Tennis •3i„-,:l. :` s -.- -.10 i. Once tile vandal'targets have been de-
....,_ r r ,;:i,--:- ' - •1'...i..--.. ., termtned.the selection of materials be-
tt All dimensions areirt•Isftllnteu Otherwise' 1r ` bxconcdtllr7
mpfoeexs
F-5
0,1711.71MME. !I
Jayfro Corp.;yf J.A. Cissel Mfg. Co. Inc.; F-6.61 Manufacturers Scarifiers& Drags. Lely Corp„-
North American Sports & Recreation: Bros., Inc.; Smithco, Inc.; Ja i-.
Union Canvas Products:Carron Net Co.. Most equipment necessary to maintain Backstops. Quality Industri'"`i+, --
Inc.; Meyco Products, Inc. parks and golf courses— mowers, trim- Jayfro corp.; Miracle Recreati, ,'.
Basketball Goals& Backboards. North mers, turf vacuums, etc. - can also be Co.; Patterson-Williams; Ultra'
1 American Sports Recreation; Uni-Weld used to maintain baseball and softball tems, Inc.; American Playgr. ;t:
Basketball Backstops Co., Inc.; Huffy fields. Some special equipment, how- Co.; Sports Play Products,.Di :
Sports;Porter Athletic Equpt.Co.;Qual- ever, is desirable to properly equip and Ind.; North American Sports'&4•,`
ity Industries, Inc.; Ultra Play Systems, maintain these field. tion; Can-on Net Co., Inc.
Inc.;Gold Medal Recreational Products: Field Stripers. Binks Mfg. Co.; Trusco Bases, Pitching Rubbers, & FI_;I ' "
Jayfro Corp.; BCI Burke Co.; Miracle Mfg.Co.;Laurie Carlson&Assoc., Ltd.; kers. Jayfro Corp.; Hammatt C;:, .';
Recreation Equpt. Co.; Patterson- Hammatt& Sons, Inc.; Carron Net Co., MacGregor Sporting Goods;Gene-17,,.•-.,4'::.,Williams: American Playground Device Inc.; Linear Dynamics Inc.: Newstripe, & Rubber, Penn Athletic Products 7"'i%
Co •
.;Game Time,Inc.;Blue Valley Indus- Inc.; GRACO Inc. North American Sports & Recreati;,i
tries, Inc.; Sports Play Products. Di.. :.1
P.C.A.Ind.;Hammatt&Sons,Inc.; Iron ` • !
• Mountain Forge; Carron Net Co., Inc.; tw ;
Form Products, Div. Wausau Tile. SECTION F-7
j Ball Walls & Courts. Patterson-
Williams. 4.5,-. c
Court Striping Equipment. Binks Mfg. SWIMMING POOLS AND BEACa.
Co.
Platform Tennis Courts & Accessories. ~' ”
Courts Marketing, Inc. ,..
SWIMMING pool design and operation Continuous disinfection •e•••• •
Court Enclosures. Gold Medal Recre- are not to be left to an amateur.Ri 'd state
ational Products;Jayfro Corp.; gt practiced,where possible:In ge'�
Institute of Timber Construction; J.AmericanA. and municipal regulations must be satis- disinfection procedures used=fp ;'::
Cissel Mfg. Co. Inc.
I Pied, and for this reason only those ar- water supply systems also ap, ::
chitects, engineers, and contractors swimming pool water. These.
: Marking Tapes. Gold Medal Recre
familiar with pool construction should be scribed in Section C of this mane:'
ational Products; J.A. Cissel Mfg. Co. consulted by a municipality considering a exception should be noted: Hy,..J
Inc.; Carron Net Co., Inc.
Coin Meter Lighting Systems. Devoe pool. rites are generally employed as a:::,,.'.
Lighting Corp.; M.H. Rhodes, Inc.; of chlorine. zI {
POM, Inc. F-7.1 DESIGN Other concerns include:An "'Yr..
CONSIDERATIONS
swi
Court Surface Maintenance Equipment. potable water supply; discharg
Edwards Sports Products; Carron Net Some basic design considerations are pool water through an•air `:
Co., Inc.; American Water Broom Co.; worth mentioning.The site should be well Wastewater receiver,and rech:
Crown Mfg. drained and on solid, not filled, design forng pool through an air : . ,
Bleachers. Alumax/Magnoliaground. design "use loading"; eval '��,
Div.; R. The site should also be out of the wind and the effects of peak visitor days:u .'-
J.Thomas Mfg.Co.,Inc.;Anther Equpt.; in the sun.Trees,shrubs,and other plant-
BCI Burke Co.; Miracle Recreation ins should be kept far enoughaway quality and recreational use;an' ',
g pfrom examination of bacteriological s:11'.':••
Equpt. Co.; Game Time, Inc.; Belson the pool so as to prevent leaves from foul- taken from swimming pools and b :•,,,:•_.:
Mfg. Co.; Sports Seating Co.; Stadiums ing the water. Other areas of concern in-
' Unlimited,Inc.; Adirondack Direct Inc.; dude parking, litter control, and solid places. .:
Quality Industries, Inc.; Patterson- waste removal. Bathing water quality s
Williams; Ultra Play Systems,Inc.;Stur- control, however, is ofgreatest im- F-7.3 BATHHOUSES ,,;r
I disteel, Div. of Central Texas Iron us
portance.' A bathhouse generally houses:.~-: ,;.
Works, Inc.; Sports Play Products, Div. strooms, showers,personal lockers, r`
P.C.A.Ind.;Safway Steel Products; Kay F-7.2 BATHING WATER other accessories and comforts ft.„''
Park-Rec. Corp.; PortaBleacher Corp.; QUALITY swimmers. Bathhouses should co;!.
U.S.Games,Inc.;Reliable Seating,Inc.; ,.
one toilet for every 75 males,and. ,; •
I Doublet Inc.; Hannah Industries. Precise information on the health as- every 50 females. One urinal lib.,,
7:
Portable Tennis Courts. Jayfro Corp. pects of water quality can be obtained included for every 75 male s •, • -
from local and state health authorities. One lavatory is required for ev
General guidelines follow.
Biological The fecal_coliform den- males, and one for every 100 fe
F-6.6 FIELD SPORTS One shower for every 50 males +.`
sity should not exceed an arithmetic mean for every 50 females must be in
of 200/100 M with a sampling frequency of but never less than two showersfbr
There are many varieties of field five samples per 30-day period taken dur-
• sports, but those most commonly as- sex. One drinking fountain; ou , •�-,
ing peak recreational use.Not more than either toilet room, should be inchr, =,'
sociated with municipal recreation 10 percent of the samples'fecal coliform
facilities are baseball and softball fields. densities during any 30 day period should F-T.4 BEACHES '�k
Horseshoes is an activity that is also a exceed 400/100 ml. ,);. •
Y
is welcome addition to parks or picnic Chemical — No chemical that could The decision on whether or not to use:;'
areas. cause toxic reaction if ingested or irrita- natural bathing area should be based.
I Basic maintenance and operation con- tion to the skin or eyes upon contact the results of chemical analysis, b:`:
siderations for baseball and softball fields should be present in the bathing water. teriological examinations, and a sani •i'
remain the same as for many other recrea- The water's pH should be within the survey of the proposed bathing area.: '
tion facilities: Site selection, water sup- range 6.5 to 8.3. In a municipal pool when wate ;'
ply, restrooms,litter and refuse control, Physical-- Color should not exceed 15 drawn from a supply of drinking
adequate parking, drainage, fencing, standard.units and turbidity: should not quality,the presence of organisms
ispectator and player seating,and lighting. exceed 300 standard units. coliaerogenes group is ustta((ytt
•tF-26 • • ` 4 ..
elfalliffialaffilkesareeseeersow
Thompson-Hayward Chemical Co.; Inc.;Patterson-Williams: Sun-Aired Bag
{ Rhone-Poulenc Ag Co.; Tennessee Co.: Recreonics Corp.; Lyon Metal -= '
r - Chemical Co.
Products. Inc.
t-‘ Bromine & Brominators. Bicknell, Coin Operated Lockers. American ft
f
• s i -s'- -` Inc.; Capital Controls Co., Inc.: Hydro Locker Security Systems. Inc.:Town&
J •
Tech Chemicals, Inc., Sub. of Great Country Bridges, Div. DeBourgh Mfg. }
_ Lakes Chemical. Co.
Cleaning Equipment. American Prod- Pool Heaters. Bicknell. Inc.; Com-
ucts Co.; Aquality, Inc.; Bicknell, Inc.; fortzone Corp.; Fox Pool Corp.; Hyd-
Fox Pool Corp.;Hayward Pool Products; rotech Chemical Corp.; Raypak,Inc.;J.
♦� Meridian Intl./Imperial: Poolmaster; Robineau Associates Inc.;Trojan Pools,
, Rainbow Plastics; Ultra Play Systems, Div. AMI Intl, Ltd.;Sunglo Solar Ltd. i
e4
Inc.;Recreonics Corp.;Weda Pump Inc. Recirculation Systems. Chester Prod-
Pool Coatings. Bicknell Inc.: Glass- nets, Inc.: Paddock Pool Equpt. Co.,
Coat Systems, Inc.: Kelley Technical Inc.:ITT Marlow Pumps:Whitten Corp.: ,
Coatings: Meridian Int'I./Imperial; Pre- Recreonics Corp. f`
;; mium Finishes, Inc.; Linear Dynamics Buoys& Floats. Roylan Mfg.Co.,Inc.
•pecreonics has introduced a cellular hi- Inc.; Thoro System Products; Steelcote Package Pools.Chester Products. Inc.: n,
rate sand filtration system for pools. Mfg. Co.; Recreonics Corp.; General Paddock Pool Equpt.Co.;Bicknell,Inc.:
Polymers Corp.; Sandstrom Products Coleco Industries; Doughboy Recre- it
• Co.;Sau-Sea Swimming Pool Products, ational, Environmental Products Div.;
tion of fecal pollution_When such bac-
Inc.; Five Star Waterproofing Products - Fox Pool Corp.;Meridian Intl/Imperial; .4
Div:of Five Star Products,Inc, Sparkle Pools; Trojan Pools, div; AMI
feria is found in natural bathing places,
however,it may be only an indication of Controls. Capital Controls Co., Inc.; Int'l.,Ltd.;Weatherking Products;.Whit-
harmless soil bacteria: Stranco; Recreonics Corp.; Fischer & ten Corp.; Overly Mfg. Co.;Recreonics ,
That part of the total coliforin that is of Porter Co. Corp.;United McGill Corp.,Marine Div.
•
• fecal origin can vary greatly in surface Covers. Anchor Industries, Inc.; Vacuum Cleaners & Accessories.
water,but routine bacteriologic tests can Bicknell Inc.; L. M. Dearing Assocs. American Products Co.; Frost Co.,
detect the degree of the more hazardous Inc.; Dollar Check Co. Inc.; Fox Pool Swimming Pool Div.; Aqua-Vac Sys-
fecal contamination through fecal col- Corp.; Meyco Products,Inc.;Pantasote tems,Inc.;Bicknell,Inc.;Coastal Chem-
iform density determinations.In the case Inc.;Trojan Pools,Div.AMI Int'l.,Ltd.; ical Co.; Coleco Industries, Inc.;
of outdoor beaches, fecal contamination Weatherking Products; Recreonics Doughboy Recreational, Environmental
can come from sewage from boats, Corp.; Mac Ball Industries Inc. Products Div.;Fox Pool Corp.:Meridian
, homes, factories, public sewerage sys- Enclosures. Temcor; Climatrol, Inc.; Int'Ulmperial; Poolmaster, Inc.; Rain-
. lens,refuse dumping,or bathers. Recreonics Corp.;DuPont De Nemours, bow Plastics; Ultra Play Systems, Inc.;
Beaches often depend upon stream Inc.,E.I.; American Institute of Timber Trojan Pools,Div.AMI Int'l.,Ltd.;Re-
•
flow or water circulation for cleaning and Construction;Solar Structures Div.,IBG creonics Corp. t:
dilution. As a rule of thumb,a figure of Int'l.; Paddock Pool Equpt. Co., Inc.; Pump & Filter Units. American Prod-
500 gal of diluting water per bather per Thermo-Flex, Inc.; Structures Unlim- ucts Co.; Baker Hydro, Inc.; Bicknell,
day has been used in the past The"Be- -ital. t:., Inc. Doughboy.Recreational, Environ-
- cker"formula can be used to determine Filter Aids. Bicknell, Inc.; Bio-Lab, mental Products Div.; Fox Pool Corp.;
, necessary volume of diluting water for Inc.; Coastal Chemical Corp.; Eagle- Hayward Pool Products,Inc.; Meridian
beaches. The formula is Q = 6.25T2 Picher Industries;Georgia-Pacific Corp.; Int'UImperial;Pac-Fab,Inc. Hydrotech
where Q equals the quantity of water per, A 0 Manville Filtration&Minerals;N.Jonas Chemical Corp.;Trojan Pools,Div.AMI
ba:her in gallons and T equals the re-
& Co.; Thompson-Hayward Chemical Intl.,Ltd.; Recreonics Corp.
Co.
placement period in hours. Pool Renovation. Chester Products,
Filter Cleaners. Bicknell, Inc.; Bio Inc.; Ferrocement Systems Inc.; Glass-
F-7.5 MANUFACTURERS
Lab, Inc.; Coastal Chemical Co.; Fox Coat Systems,Inc.;TIFCO. t
Pool Corp.; Great Lakes Biochemical Beach Cleaners.H.Barber&Sons Inc.;
Many of the chemica'a and much of the Co.;Thompson-Hayward Chemical Co. Atwater Strong Inc.; Fuerst Brothers, 1
Q, equipment that is used to control swim- Filter Media. Northern Gravel Co.; Inc.; York Rakes; Rockland Mfg. Co.;
,j ming pool water quality is also used to Bicknell, Inc.; Coastal Chemical Co.; Clean Sweep Div.of Kratzer Industries,
treat drinking water.See Section C of this Dixie Tank Co.;Eagle-Picher Industries; Inc.; Glenmac Inc.;Cherrington Corp.
manual for equipment and chemicals such Harmsco; Manville Filtration & Minert
as chlorine,chlorinators,chemical feed- als; Meridian : Int'I./Imperial;
els,etc.Specialized equipment for pools, Thompson-Hayward Chemical Co,;•
bathhouses,and beaches follows. American Filter Sand. ffrtsf`c
AFW Co.of North America manufac- Filters.American Products Co.;Baker Vit` , =� i
•
tures moveable pool floors,railings;and Hydro, Inc.; Brcknell, Inc.; Chester r },' ,"P.... ��ti� r s'
stairs, Products, Inc_ :; Coleco Industries; ,: .,.1t•-"
Trans-Aid Corp, manufactures pool Doughboy Recreational,•Environmental
lifts for handicapped swimmers that make Products Div:;Hof ingerIndustries Inc - l _'_
swimming barrier free.The knits instail in Environmental Products l)iv;•Paddock -- �, J ---
r•' i above- and below-ground pools. AFW Pool Equpt. Co.,Inc.; Fox Pool Corp.;.
d Co.of North America also provides pool Harmsco; Hayward Pool Products;
b lifts for the handicapped. • Meridian Int'I./Imperial; Pac-Fab, Inc.;
i Algaecides. Applied Biochemists; Hydrotech Chemical Corp.; Rainbow
t..;' ' Bicknell, Inc.; Bio-Lab, Inc.; Coastal Plastics; J. Robineau Associates Inc.; .. .
:r,. Chemical Co.;Fox Pool Corp.;Georgia- Trojan Pools,Div.AMI Int'l.,Ltd.; Re- The Barber Utter Picker removes debris
Pacific Corp.; Great Lakes Biochemical creonics Corp.;Whitten Corp.;Separma- from grass and dirt areas.The company
f Co.;N. Jonas&Co.;Poolmaster.Inc.; tic Filter Co.;Mer-Made.Filter,Inc. also manufactures equipment that deans
• Hydrotech Chemical Corp Personal Lockera{Adirondack Direct, trash litter,and debris froRiybpadtes.,y -
,
i
.v.
s. •
CLEANING AMERICA'S BEACHES.
1988 National Beach Cleanup Results
Written by
Kathryn J.O'Hara and Patty Deb enham
Compiled and edited by
Rose Bierce
Artwork and layout by
•
Valerie Thatcher
Coordination Assistance by
Linda Maraniss
Foreword by
Judy Neilson
Published by
Center for Marine Conservation
(formerly Center for Environmental Education,est 1972)
1725 DeSales Street,NW,Suite 500
Washington,DC 20036
(202)429-5609
Copyright September 1959 Center fur Marine Conservation
The Center for Marine Conservation(CMC)established in 1972,is a marine conservation organization
dedicated to protectin?marine wildlife and conserving coastal and ocean resources. To further these
cor•.servalon goals,CMC conducts policy-oriented research;promotes public awareness,education,and
citizen involvement;supports domestic and international programs for marine wildlife and their habitats;
and advocates sound policies concerning the marine environment.CMC serves It 100,000 members from a
central office in Washington,D.C.and regional offices in California,Florida,Texas,and Virginia.
(7.0'd Ei::SO 8t/b0
•
•
9
INTRODUCTION
America's shorelines and coastal areas were once famous for their beauty and biological richness. In recent
years,however,our coastal areas have been most widely publicized for their concentrations of trash. From
the populated beaches of New York and New Jersey to the remote Islands of Hawaii,our beaches are awash
with debris,much of which arrives with each incoming tide.
Recent episodes have demonstrated that beads debris is not merely unsightly,but that it is dangerous to
human health and safety,and expensive for coastal communities burdened with repeated cleanup costs. But
the litter on our coasts is just an indica don of even greater amounts in the oceans,where it is less visible but
deadly. Thousands of marine mammals,sea turtles,seabirds,and fish die every year that become entangled
in debris items such as rope,nets,and monofilament fishing line,or from ingesting items like plastic bags and
sheeting,mistaking them for food. This floating debris can also be a hazard to navigation by fouling propel-
lers causing vessel damage and endangering human safety. Plastic debris items,because of their buoyancy,
•
strength,and longlasting nature,pose the greatest threat to the marine environment.
•
•
Fortunately,steps have been taken to stem the tide of marine debris. On December 31,1988 an interna-
tional treaty took effect that put a halt to the dumping of plastic garbage from ships at sea. Known as Annex
V of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships(or the MARPOL Treaty),the
treaty prohibits at-sea dumping of plastic materials and regulates the distance from shore that all other solid
waste materials may be dumped. The Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987(Public Law
100-220,Title II)is the U.S.implementing legislation for Annex V. While ocean disposal of garbage produced
on land has been prohibited by the Marine Protection,Research,and Sanctuaries Act and the Clean Water Act
since the early 1970s,two additional U.S.measures,the Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 and the Ocean
Dumping Ban Act of 1988,aim to reduce that portion of marine debris that is generated on land and contin-
ues to be illegally dumped at sea.
Will legislation reduce the marine debris problem? Moreover,how will we know? Because of the efforts
of more than 47,500 U.S.citizens,we now know the most prevalent types of marine debris and where it
•
comes from. These people participated In the most extensive effort to date to categorize the types and quanti-
"tics of marine debris found in U.S.coastal areas. The data collected by these volunteers established a baseline
of information from which we can now monitor the effectiveness of the MARPOL Treaty and other measures
to reduce the marine debris problem.
Information from this citizen monitoring effort was compiled by the Center for Marine Conservation
(formerly the Center for Environmental Education)as part of the first National Marine Debris Data Base. The
Data Base was established in 1988 for beach cleanups conducted during COASTWEEKS'88(September 17-
October 10). Sponsored in cooperation with the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administ:anon,and the U.S.Coast Guard,the Center's Data Base involves citizens in the
identification of debris problems in different parts of the country.
It should be noted that while the Data Base was organized by the Center for Marine Conservation(CMC),
the valuable information that was collected was the result of the hard work and dedication of a national
network of beach cleanup coordinators and volunteers.
•
.. _ '/5"*;1"::' .f;Nt taw w1,:1`1 c:i M'�?-.••,�?,\.""yi=wli`,"",,i,�!'"+
•
i :_ •
—
11
• 00.00
J.
RESULTS
In total,more than 47,500 volunteers participated in beach cleanups in 1988 in 25 U.S.states and territories
including Alabama,Alaska,California,Connecticut,Delaware,Florida,Georgia,Hawaii,Louisiana,Maine,
Maryland,Massachusetts,Mississippi,New Jersey,New York,North Carolina,Oregon,Pennsylvania,Puerto
Rico,Rhode island,South Carolina,Texas,Virginia,the US.Virgin Islands,and Washington(Figure 1).
• What is the most prevalent type of debris found on U.S.beaches?
To determine the types and quantities of debris found nationwide volunteers used a standardized data
card that was developed by CMC with input from state beach cleanup coordinators. The data card was
divided into eight major category types—plastic,glass,styrofoam,rubber,metal,paper,wood,and cloth
(Figure 2). The term"Styrofoam"was used on the data card instead of the more technical term"foamed
plastic"because it was believed that volunteers would more readily recognize this term. In total,the data
card listed 65 types of debris items. For all major material types,a category for"other"was included to insure
that items not specifically listed on the data.card would be recorded. Data cards also requested specific
information on the sources of foreign debris items as indicated by product labels or other markings,observa-
tions of entangled or stranded marine wildlife,observations of peculiar debris items,comments,and the
name and address of volunteers. Volunteers were also given a one-page guide which gives information on
how to use the data card,identifies(by photo)certain debris items listed on the card that may not be familiar
to volunteers,and explains how their data would be used to compile a national assessment of beach debris
(Figure 3).
in total,volunteers reported finding 1,973,995 debris items(Table 1)/1. The amount of plastic reported
surpasses all other categories,accounting for 1,222,708 of the debris items,or approximately 62 percent
(Figure 4). The predominance of plastic can be attributed not only to its increasing usage in society,but also
to its physical characteristics: it is lightweight and buoyant,enabling It to be brought ashore by winds and
currents. Since most plastics are manufactured to be durable and not degradable,they have the potential to
0 Iast much longer than any other material In the marine environment. The remaining debris items consist Of
approximately 11.8 percent paper,11.4 percent metal,9.5 percent glass,2.3 percent wood,1.8 percent rubber,
and 1.3 percent cloth.
e
The abundance of plastic debris is also apparent in analysis of debris on the state level;all 25 states re-
ported that plastics were the most prevalent type of debris ranging from 43.4 percent in Puerto Rico to a high
of 94.5 percent in New Jersey(Figure 5). Eight states reported higher amounts of plastics than the overall
national figure with seventeen states below the national figure. Those states with moreplastics than the
national percentage included Alabama(61.48),Connecticut(65.99),Louisiana(74.42),Mississippi(66.29),
New Jersey(94.53,New York(77.63),Oregon 70.16),Texas(7634).
The Dirty Dozen
The twelve most common debris items reported on our nation's coastline,or the Dirty Dozen of 1988,are
as follows in order of abundance:
1. plastic pieces(fragments of larger plastic items)
•
2. small foamed plastic pieces(styrofoam-like)
3. plastic eating utensils including cups,spoons,forks and straws
•
/1. Information on the types and quantities of debris items includes data collected in 23 states that used the standard-
ized national data card excluding the cleanups conducted ir,Alaska and the U.S.Virgin Islands which used an
earlier version of a data card developed by CAC,
i
I.
•
® - �
2�J v.1 .. _ - 1.2:S0 8i/t,0 06, tai Vdd
i. x .f
a lat `
13
CO 4. metal beverav cans
5. foamed plastic cups(styrofoam-like)
6. glass beverage bottles
7. plastic caps and lids
3. paper pieces(fragments of larger paper items)
9. plastic trash bags
10. miscellaneous types of plastic bags(other than trash or salt bags)
H. glass pieces(fragments of larger glass items)
12. plastic soda bottles
Collectively,these twelve debris items constituted more than 56 percent of all debris items recorded(Table
2). If these items were eliminated from our beaches,our beaches would be at least 50 percent cleaner.
Other debris items reported in abundance included metal bottle caps(42,671 reported),plastic six-pack
connector rings for beverage carts(30,808),plastic rope measuring two feet or shorter(29,897),plastic milk
and water jugs(26,148),paper cups(25,214),short pieces of plastic sheeting(27,633),and foamed plastic fast-
food containers(22,517).
Besides those items specifically listed on the data card,volunteers reported finding just about everything
imaginable on our nation's beaches including bedsprings,boats,cars,mattresses,munitions,and several
kitchen sinks. Many noted numerous pieces of men's and women's underwear to be"peculiar"and thou-
sands of cigarette filters as"disgusting." But not all the debris collected was trash. Several volunteers were
rewarded for their efforts by finding treasure--a total of 350 dollars In all. The most valuable finds were a one
hundred dollar bill in Texas,an uncashed bank check for sixty dollars in Delaware,and a diamond and
amethyst necklace found by a girl scout in Florida. And for those who wonder if anyone ever finds those
bottles with notes inside,volunteers reported finding eleven such messages including one note found in
Connecticut from an author in France.
Figure 4. Composition of Debris Collected During 1988 Beach Cleanups
0
2.34% 1.77% 1.25%
I
954%
Zt"
aMott,•
/ -?.*Z.':-,;. . .*.''
p '
l ® plasticu7 .•:-
. k,+ft
* � z "r� metal%•'+ § r:40,
11.77%
r!X2 ,'" / y�r'�s 'a s
iX +++' t ;
� paper
1;7:- '; 4t-:, `�,, 4 °i'p,.."d > nh til ;iR) 2
R xe' kli , ,,, , �'4r-4 61.94% ] glass
r ,y
' 1 wOOt" - r ?4r
.0,:t ... ` Y ] rubber11.36a � i-+ 4kA' •
Ii ` ,i 5� ami 4,4 Vis' a cloth
t li _ 3'r`.. . _ y ai; int - �` �s Z;
k' �.t 4a } y?M'yr
''V�, � 4 4F; f vii•
41111111111.111111111111111
12
0 Figure 1. Results From 1988 National Beach Cleanup
,.
, ,
.e
Alibi rra , kV Alb.= -1)
Alaska 1315 Masks 10 t
California7(97.4,,,.1,1.;.,"57o0 Carifcr* -4 t''',' '4‘aia;`,..4,,ris: --:At-r.....40..`,..sy,a,..,,....„ lI
CalCit14 Cavatiat 2
Palawan ..,............3 4,30 Mare/ 'kt 54
110nd4AATiviarMiar1172341P-1)?..274...,,,,,..-tstrlkavnistel 1 ws Raids LifaMIRMEZTEI 914 ii
Georgia i'•-..,,s
Corgi!p 3)
HawaiiaPrriZ3C07 Hartali ..":- 102i
Louisiana 116:73A 2700 Campo ... 71
Wine 313 Haim "t'''" 114
Maryland 171 *hard
Number 15
mamelumkts ,..,-,.. .. 22:0 M.1144601tH1 '.'..•,44i IX
of Volunteers
Misalasippi Niel 12C0
Valaillipil r •
New Jersey PO Nrot}rmy 153 Miles Cleaned
1Crw Yvrk.11 Is)
NY&t 41
North Carolina 77.74°,„ !_;'.:tr,-,,v." .‘.s.,:, N<rth Cuolm -gulor 150
ornon stzlic:431"nao
Cr4pri ÷:47 117
Pennsylva nia 174 PenMivaniit 7
Noah,Ituuluv
. het RIn 173
Rhode Island*.,, 502
filoilslarsi -./.%PT
South Carohna , i,i.,:-,9151. 3cc0 Soli Carlira
T.,. „,„."'.7,'..,.--"4:itf:;=''a t 1.”i...".,A2 5947 Tew
V lrgl MI 170
Vitn'a t 19/
Virgin Islands air 435
Vita Wadi 113
Washington ,,,,t,:,'...'" 104
,.1'
0 20:0 41:00 6C00 &CO 10:03 1=3
0 21 6 ECO C IO lia
. „.
Wawa n
, .... .
, Calitcril I.M.FUSER=
Camden 00 Clam' 111.72
Osmond 55
atiratit Ian •
ognrin Jizi
Flo1164 . 'EttSWELV.rro.AnaBEV=CaniAra FcM CO
. Cola ,_.M.Y.:;7-.r.:4ii.A. M2 nom urri ATZEPra,tmemalsocc0
Jim!!IcriaM I= Thad ,--,‘.-.r'''e- 477.A
War.'
L•04,01,4'''''AT..;="7. Arro
sAL,.%t = M.the MA
Minfia:rd t 375. / SCrryird a'it.13
lexte6osira mi 33
mossic.tzeis,i-Y,7171 5=
FaistzipFt f•-•' '..,1:2,Con Pounds of Debris worscli .„,,E'' LlaMfIlIZIMM2WMIlm
•
Newleney,i10Z1
Nog Yark 454 Yer Yale "' - 'OiS71
North Grid ' ... -MO No A ant= Xatil gig Founds of
own ma . CrIrs ,ns.c
Pampa:11A MS ?ensyfratit ' .R.43 Debris Per Nfile
Puerx lea INO Nan Kal 14-1-0 0•-•:-'7:14
groxle Lind L 15= WA tied ' 190
Folthurcha ' :Ce.30.) mr=ezmiy=fmv2Inn 5,41 Cacho •.•61,7,
Tan il:.......--.........' ' ‘ rim T. ,....,... ..,.....44,..Aalw.,,tiair; ,'0.4,SI:Attate4 PAZ
VlipLi ' 1311 `41b14 Areate,1.51
''',/bp Isli IA S "6," viip IAN...1/2 ray
Waal:vas i',„ ..:Af.10 wmiip, ",--•
o mm:7 X= =0 40310 9:0X12 0 10Z Xi 1 4I3 9X0
"+"indicates compete information not available.
. .
t,e'd 22:g0 3T/t0 06, 1,10e1
0 . .
•
•
15
IID ,�
Figure 2 (cont.). Data g Card Used by 1988 Beach Cleanup Volunteers (back).
•
ITEMS COLLECTED
Odd mayl•O it!hc!pfut TO work with a hdlg.o von clean
bVkarr!t one Of yogi pkking up tram.:vel the etner taking notes.l\t
sY Y ''''..Cr,track of Me It ems you find Y ^9t s The bon rsf
w total rcemr See sJmplc tx+nv/.
Total , .-
i cups ., - ;+,F.�' / I P ,
PLASTIC /` STYROFOAM* '""
h.x�s: for omr(antic foam( 7 M
butryt—.
trash . . L —_ Wept_i _1 -
;all __ _ •_ _' ___1 all cartons
tither— -- hsr-«x ! —
i ¢conrainerf —
bottles.
meat vat's .. I I
bever.tg.-Soda
• 7 I•
Pieces'.
o+e.xn,ueancr
. C.. I larger man a baseball
oil.IuDe_ + m _'
obYr _--- CL I satter Lein J bexban
-. . L I Other(tpeclyl_ —
buckrts.. f- ! - L-
agn.lrJs --' = T RU88ER
balloon<_
r,vlt.s,oa ,a„so _•.;rraws .( J rg I •-1
s
rfid,erf oves
dltrwsnole 1:r7tltett —J Other
+771
s
— I petit' _( .J
r,shingtine_ (-1 -
fisnirkioet —J
METAL
!xwfe`Lha•,2`e-r—. ___.. C i Demi.,taps _I
2feet n,tivrter r - ca,i.
• L__!
!loan is'lures _- I ae,vstx — - I
harm.,ls t•eYeragc
f _
u!7nruir.k; L.
Col) milk.w¢ergaLkr fogs L , other
pier.)_ J
. •
;opt theca;pros n,sur ._ 1 •1 S$9AIa+On,mt
i•---1—i. J
f•N*y'er(hXl7le;•t new h— !
.—l__ ,acct-- i
2 tear utto;er _ _— —
e
shcctinq "J puq tabs_ I
longer t!'dn 2 feet '-_-___J
wile— E
�fePvx sneerer•_ —� om,•r;gmd?YJ r I
—L__..:k-p.xk hofdc:.t_ PAPER
•
Strape,ini tunas_ __ = I oagt_ �(
.tyrlMJcs r Gfdtk)lyd _
ra,»Ixxla„�ra:r„t 1 cartrkn, r- I
•
hrys .--• —_ I I rips- L_
vegctabte.tarks_ ,_ �( ,f+'wwa,er— L •
"wnte prntn't!y,'rings—_ I plate,. 1
cuter(specify(_ _ _I 73 other rsoca/y) •I J
W000GLASS OOD(leave nriftwood on tine beach(
e bottles. «ronooaer vaps _ _I
.
b.,•verage_ -. ..rates !
•
food -- •I i _ —I )
p -
•
uthr ftper'M. I' - r !
- .
• .., pieces
•
•
Ruoreuer.Uiy!utubes_ — otncr(sfvr,ryI . .. 1 I
Liget bulbs •—I CLOTH
pieces=• Uutrnngrpvts - _f-1
other(sweeiyl ' —J
•
(OVER)
•
•
I'
O d SE:SO 8i/V0 06, WOad
if
•
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1411112 .._.... •
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:1:! 4! I 11 II " II 11 '!1 :1 t :1 M 1: 1 Ill II 111 111
If :3 321
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:2^:r1 1111 :3' 1:3: 3 1111 :235 ::11 I:H :I'7
'31121 :I1 .11 !II !1:1 IN S'• :IIII: 12. 411 IIII L1I 111 1141 III 1 ;IN ::N 1:() 1111 121 1:1 N!n
12: .i2 III III 2111 31 IH •'•1 13` 131 21 III II 111 141 2:) tI III 1!) !N 11'1 f :!1 111:1
1:: 11!1 :41 PI t
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,:I:l:r:'S1S
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4
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113151. 173 11 I II 1!II: IIS IN :I1 !I :11 4 !!:) :II 111 11112
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nr,11. 1111131 tin .114
. : :'1 :!i3 Ilrl :1171 1::! HIS N1 11:1 •~:P/ 1 ,y3 NN 711 11 :N}' 1111 111' !1!1 11! PI 1471
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•
0
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20
Figure 5. Plastic Debris Collected During 1988 Beach Cleanups.
National S ! 61.94
Alabama 61'
Connecticut = .r '—..,n g.,^TM-£-.--nr. 65.99
Delaware , z' —,459cmcgmeintrumm,,minumthei K2
Florida t ° • ,. A ,.�:oyi 54.67
Georg-ia r+.g 57.42
52.14
Louisiana :i6Yr'16135 74.42
Maine ..arrrxhrz :'facarar 59.69
Maryland `. 55.79
MAVACllu9Ctb . �,,.. �,,,.E2117
61.03
1,41sslasippi j Y. .,--. i 9¢• 661.29
New jersey ,--, ,,:.,tt,_,,- .r:,: — w 94 .1
New York 9: y7=677.63
North Carolina 57.6'1
Oregon . ., r 70.16
Pennsylvania .7a., . . • 53.8
Puerto Rico k µ- Mr • 4.3
36
Rhode Island :.;,:Y _ .,,a, - 60.63
Texas .. ..,.-....... ..•i•� .S.,_.,,...,......... . ., ,_.,.: - 7651
Virginia sy,w: xMscormaremstwagetaremand.-. 61.42
Virgin islands 6a;36
Washington 57 45
0 20 4: 10 00 100
pc mat
A word about bottle bills
A large portion of the debris found on our nation's coastline is beverage bottles and other goods associated
with the packaging of beverages. This includes..lastic,glass,and metal beverati• -na and bottles 'i addi-
tion to • astic six-pack rin:s,metal bo ' ps,arks meta pu. taos. Nationally,bottles and associated goods
constituted approxima e y 1, percent of all debris Items ri,p ,,, t igure 6). The highest amount of bottles
and associated goods were found in Puerto Rico with approximately 35 percent,or two times greater than the
national figure. High amounts were also reported in Georgia(2852 percent). In contrast,Oregon and
Connecticut had the lowest amount of these wastes with 6.42 and 8.82 percent respectively. It is of interest to
note that both Oregon and Connecticut have enacted"bottle hills"in which a deposit of a few cents is added
to the price of the beverage. This deposit is refunded when the container is returned by the consumer. The •
amount of bottles and associated goofs was also comparatively lower c and Massachusetts which
have also enacted' t~'^`•'.?'`. ;: • , e.;,r •t,t./arc a7;,-3 Now York have similar legislation,but the amount of •
these goods in these states was higher than the national figure. It is not possible,however,to determine
whether these higher numbers were caused by disposal of bottles and associated goods by Delaware and
�-� New York residents,Or if they were generated by offshore sources.
A word about degradable plastics
Recently,there has been increasing attention to degradable plastics technology. Both"biodegradable"
(degradation caused by microbial action)and"photodegradable"(degradation caused by exposure to ultra-
violet light)plastics are commercially available. However,degradable plastic technology is not a solution to
the marine debris problem.
As previously described,volunteers recorded information on the size of certain debris items. Of the
165,188 foamed plastic fragments recorded(including both large and small pieces),more than 75 percent
were small pieces four inches in diameter. Of the 35,016 large and small pieces of plastic sheeting reported,
approximately 80 percent were small pieces measuring two feet in length or shorter. Degradable plastic
technology will not help to eliminate these items because degradable plastics do not just disappear--they
merely break down into smaller and smaller plastic pieces. Moreover,while items such as degradable plastic
six-pack rings may help to reduce the time during which a marine animal may become entangled,it does
nothing to mitigate the problem of ingestion of plastic pieces by marine wildlife. In fact,increased use of
degradable plastics may compound the problem of inse5ti011.
Although plastic pieces or fragments are among the most common debris items reported,the number
represented by beach cleanup data is undoubtedly an underestimate of the true amounts. Many volunteers
commented on the prevalence of fragmented plastic by indicating the temts"lots,""millions,'and"too many
to count." While these comments provide insight into the pervasiveness of plastic fragments,they could not
be used for data,analysts.
Sources of Beach Debris
Beach cleanup data indicates that the
majority of debris items found on U.S.shorelines are packaging and
disposable plastic products. Since these wastes may be generated by a diversity of ocean and land-based
sources many items cannot be traced to a single source. Certain debris items listed on the data card,however,
could be used as"indicator items"traceable to specific debris sources. These indicator items were first
identified by CMC in 1986 with the assistance of the Texas Coastal Cleanup Steering Committee which
included representatives of marine industry groups who were familiar with the types of debris that could
potentially be generated by industry members. For instance,representatives of the fishing industry noted
that cyalume light sticks listed on the data card are used by longline fisheries,and petroleum industry
representatives identified that write-enable protection rings from computer tapes arc used by vessels con-
ducting seismic activitie .
Using this information,CMC has identified 28 indicator items which fall under four categories:1)galley-
type wastes generated by vessels,2)fishing and boating gear,3)operational wastes generated by vessels and
offshore petroleum operations,and 4)sewage-associated wastes indicative of inadequate sewage treatment
practices. In addition,a fifth category of medical wastes which includes plastic syringes was established due
to the recent publicity these items have received. It is important to recognize that there is variability in the
sources of some indicator items in different parts of the country. For instance,plastic trash bags,which are
used as an indicator of galley wastes from vessels at sea,may also be generated by people who have illegally
dumped household wastes on a beach,or from other sources. Therefore,while preliminary information can
be used to provide a means of comparison on a national level,it will be important for government,industry,
and other groups in each state and locality to assess the data reported from their area in teens of potential
sources of debris iterng,
• Data analysis indicates that these 28 indicator items account for more than 16 percent of the debris re-
ported nationwide(Table 3). This information should not be Interpreted to mean that these are the only
wastes generated by offshore sources. Rather,the presence of indicator items may show that some of the
untraceable debris items,such as disposable plastic products and packaging,may also be generated by these
sources.
1-'17,i1;"1-'•'7",""e-3,7
,
C�_a„1t Wastes
Why were 78,025 plastic trash bags,26,148 plastic milk and water jugs, 19,300 plastic bleach cleaner bottles,
14,721 foamed plastic meat trays, 9,526 egg cartons,and 6,770 plastic vegetable sacks found on our nation's
shoreline? These are items that are commonly used in the galleys of ships at sea and when it comes to taking
out the trash,over the rail it all 5oes.
Galley wastes were the most prevalent category of indicator items reported,accounting for approximately
7.8 percent of the trash collected nationwide(Figure 7), If these galley wastes were evenly distributed along
the 3,518 mites of coastline that was cleaned nationwide,then at least 22 plastic garbage bags,7 milk and
water gallon jugs,4 foamed plastic meat trays,5 plastic bleach and cleaner bottles,2 egg cartons,and
approximately 2 plastic vegetable sacks would be found od ever'mile of Mach.
Louisiana appears to be the best state to find these items since it had the highest amount of galley wastes
with 15.31 percent--nearly two times greater than the national figure(Figure 8). Plastic milk and water jugs
were the most common alley type waste reported in this state.
Other states with comparatively high amounts of galley-type wastes included Alabama,Mississippi,New
Jersey,and Texas. Once again,this information indicates that states that border the Culf of Mexico(with the
exception of Florida)appear to be the most negatively affected by offshore dumping of debris. The high
number of galley wastes reported in New Jersey is also noteworthy,yet the area covered in this state was
fairly small and therefore it is difficult to determine whether this is a state or local problem. It is hoped that a
larger data collection effort will take place in New Jersey in the future so that more information for this state
can he obtained and analyzed.
Wastes Attributable to Recreational and Commercial Fishing and Boating
Wastes generated by commercial and recreational fishermen are perhaps the most readily identifiable to . I
their source. This includes plastic salt bags used by commercial fishermen in preparing their catch,plastic
fishing nets,light sticks,floats and lures,fishing line,buoys,and metal and wooden traps. Other items
commonly used by fishermen are rubber gloves. Plastic rope and oil and lube bottles are also included in this
group although these items maybe generated by both commercial and recreational boating activities.
In total,6.1 percent of the debris items recorded nationwide is attributable to recreational and commercial
fishing and boating. The most commonly reported debris items in this category were both large and small
pieces of plastic rope,followed by pieces of plastic fishing line. Both of these items are known to pose a threat
to marine wildlife through entanglement and ingestion. In fact,volunteers reported 40 cases of birds im-
pacted by marine debris,of which 50 percent involved entanglement in plastic fishing line. During the
Florida beach cleanup,volunteers collected fishing line separately so that it could be weighed and measured;
a total of 305 miles of fishing line was collected from 915 miles of beach.
Information recorded on the length of plastic fishing nets and rope indicates that the distinction between
the size of these debris items was not significant,although pieces two feet in length or shorter are slightly
more common than longer pieces. In many cases,shorter pieces of rope and net may actually indicate
intentional discard of these items as waste materials,while larger pieces may indicate accidental losses.
However,smaller pieces may also result frotr breakage of larger pieces due to weathering,or from accidental
losses due to collisions with boat propellers. In any case,it is unfortunate to note that larger pieces of these
materials,which are more Iikely to pose a threat to marine wildlife in terms of entanglement,are nearly equal
in abundance to smaller pieces.
•
Maine had the highest concentration of boating and fishing wastes compared to all other.states(Figure 9).
Rope pieces were the most common debris item found in Maine and were probably attributable to the large
lobster trap fishery in this state which uses rope for connecting buoys and traps. Neighboring Massachusetts
also had a relatively large amount of boating and fishing wastes with rope also being the most common item
reported in this ggroup.
•
2
® Figure 6. Bottles and Associated:Goods Collected During1
1988 8 Beach Cleanups.
National /16.73
Alabama J 192
California „mow/20.1
Connecticut ��7 8212
Delaware 19.45
Florida /17.37
Georgia 1128.52
Hawaii 1888
Louisiana _ o/13.17
Maine -mond 11.65
Maryland r 16.85
Massachusetts 12J2
Mississippi op ....../1239
New Jersey • _. • _ _ 14.13
New York 17.86
North CarolinaP 6u 192
Oregon ... . .
Pennsylvania , ......../13.17
Puerto Rico _�__ 34'
Rhode Island 13.S1
0 South Carolina r1'6•a'
Texas ' �...�.1 13.6.5
Virginia . ..
i 1.01
Washington / 11.42
0 10 20 30 10
1>`t=t
Several states in the Gulf of Mexico,namely Louisiana,Mississippi,and Texas,also had high amounts of
fishing and boating wastes compared to other areas of the country. While rope was th'n,nst common of these
items found in Louisiana and T was,Mississippi had a large amount of plastic oil and Tube bottles. Recrea-
tional and commercial fishing and boating wastes appear to be less abundant in California,Connecticut,and
• Pennsylvania.
Orational Wastes
•
Another grouping of debris items found on our nation's coastline are those wastes generated during
offshore operations,such as petroleum industry activities,or gear and equipment used on cargo vessels.
These items included 11,665 plastic strapping bands,7,353 large pieces of plastic sheeting used to bind boxes
and crates,1,075 wooden crates,and 1,737 wooden pallets used to transport materials and packages. Other
y items attributable in part to offshore operations and vessels included the 6,905 glass light bulbs and 2,209 !
fluorescent light tubes. Items specifically traceable to petroleum industry operations included the 5,084
plastic pipe thread protectors and 3,054 plastic write-enable protection rings. In addition,many of the 857
plastic hard hats were probably generated by petroleum operations conducted offshore.
C
,
4
R
il
80'd :S0 BT,i':3 C6, 410eld
25
Figure 7. Indicator Items Reported from m 1988 Beach Cleanups.
. 10. -
7,83%
•
v 6.07%
o � - b A
_
`'
8 4 — h
fa. - 4
' 0* 2.03%
' A
+r# { '4,401,,;,- ,e ` -;, ° 0.38%
s
s�w ..'' y YaW -h.. 0.09%
Angum
n scar aq�, 07 .,, ,.Y in '
_U 4
ti
(� A y
® r3
h
v 3 es
::-1
o73 ro
,, N
fig,
0
W 49
lil
UJ
In total,2 percent of all wastes collected nationwide were operational type wastes. Texas appears to be the
best place to go to look for operational type wastes,specifically if you are interested in finding large pieces of
plastic sheeting(Figure 10). Other states with relatively high concentrations of operational type wastes
,. included Georgia,Louisiana,Mississippi,Virginia,and Washington. Operational type wastes appear to be
less abundant in California,Connecticut,and New York.
Sewage-Associated Wastes
With U.S.ratification of Annex V of the MARPOL Treaty,regulations are now in place to control offshore
sources of debris. However,these regulation do not address the problem of plastic dumping of debris.
However,these regulations do not address the problem of plastic debris generated by land-based sources.
Untold quantities of plastic enter the ocean via rivers,drainage systems,and estuaries. In some cases plastic
debris generated by land-based sources is easily traced. In other cases the sources of certain debris items are
not as clearly identifiec(,
0 .—
One of the better known land-based sources of plastic is sewage systems located along coastal waterways.
In some areas of the country,sewer systems discharge plastic items directly into marine areas. For instance,
•
16
many of New York City's sewage treatment systems are combined with storm water systems,termed com-
bined sewer overflows(CSO). In these systems,raw sewage mixes with rainwater. Under normal operating
conditions thea combined Viewer oycrflgws tri tens of thousands of iece: w
of solid?! 3t9.
year.
materials each
year. However,during times of heavy rainfall,the capacities of these y stems are exceeded and the overflow-
-unteeated sewage and accompanying solid waste materials—is diverted directly into local waterways. Plastic
tampon applicators were used as an indicator of inadequate sewage systems. In some parts of the country
tampon applicators are found commonly enough that people have jokingly named them"beach whistles"and
"New Jersey sea shells."
Nationwide,7,584 plastic tampon applicators were reported during beach cleanups,accounting for less
than one percent of all debris items reported. However,the amount of plastic tampon applicators reported in
New York was more than nine times greater than the national percentage(Figure 11). The amount in New
Figure 8. Galley Wastes Collected During 1988 Beach Cleanups.
National / #7.83
Alabama - 9.41
California �'... 3.
Connecticut Connecticut
a.ra
Delaware p 6.99
Florida . •:
Georgia
5.97
s.a
Hawaii p, 6.16
Louisiana
15.31
Maine ;n
Maryland 597
Massachusetts 1. 543
miumwrommmmmmimme
Mississippiof 974
New Jersey p: ....... _� 8.77
. ...
New York 6133
North Carolina /
Oregon
7.43
Pennsylvania 2
Puerto Rico 522
P.hode Island p6.76
South Carolina " `5
Texas ,1 13.46
Virginia • 752
Washington irA 6ao
T -, I • I • '
U 5 10 15 2Q •
® percent
0T 'd t':S0 3T.'*0 06. 6106.d
_.
27
41DJersey was more than eight times greater than the national percentage. In fact,this problem appears to be
concentrated in the northeast region of the United States since Massachusetts and Rhode Island also had
comparatively high amounts of plastic tampon applicators.
Inadequate sewer systems also appear to be a problem in lake Erie. Based on the data collected during the
beach cleanup conducted at Presque Isle State Park in Pennsylvania,the amount of plastic tampon applicators
reported was more than six times greater than the national avera5e.
Medical Wastes
•
Plastic syringes were used to indicate medical wastes since they have been a major problem in some areas
of the United States,principally in the New York-New Jersey area during the summers of 1987 and 1988.
Figure 9. Fishing and Boating Gear Collected During 1988 Beach Cleanup,
National 0if'kw .
Alabama ,
California ,.. .:^,.;ix,zauS"'
Z.1
Connecticut - '
Delaware ...:.,'''''.,:, 1
•
II
Florida .. , u, � .
` . .•
e , Georgia
' su
j '
Hawaii `. rte° sn
Louisiana ii-- __ t"
Maine 0.—..'''''''''''' 7
-S5
Maryland .-.:'—'---"----•.- _ TOM
Massachusetts r..— �. , . r_w ..
r
Mississippi .. a
4.
•
New Jersey 793
New York :...,. .
North Carolina r..: ; >...::-,' ,. ., In
Oregon �. , 9 "'
Pennsylvania .,, . ... . .. 7.0 iH
Puerto Rico jam. " '''-
Rhode Island '..,.,,,:`, :,... .:
South Carolina j,.' .- ill
Texas r".......-: :. ''' ..
Virginia '., :. ,....,:;,>.. . .. »
' Washington , -. r.e
0 2 , 4 I
10 ,2 /
n:=�nt .
2A
® Figure 10. gperational Wastes Collected During 1988 Beach Cleanups.
National 0$2.03
Alabama 1-99
California ,. r 071
Connecticut r 03
Delaware :, -:.,... 1.,
Florida ,.62
Georgia P ; 239
Hawaii ,m
Louisiana3.24
Maryland , . .:; 01 219
Massachusetts .�::r I•
94
New Jersey
New York „ Azar 071
•
North Carolina ..4 .,..:f.,.,' 133
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico . . zos
Rhode Island 2Ai
,n
South Carolina � w-�.��.�,:�:}. .,, ��w�
Virginia i »
Washington rr.;, r. - . ✓. ..
4
0 1 2 3 S
Fca,t
29
41) Figure 11. Sewage Associated Wastes Collected During 1988 Beach Cleanups.
National
0°33
Alabama ,
California —44' B1°
Connecticut r - 045
Delaware
Florida - 024
Georgia021
Hawaii i ` C2'
Louisiana %<0.12
Maine ay..,..:
Maryland :., ,»:: o.r3
Massachusetts , 2a1
Mississippi - "7
New Jersey i .. s'. y .... . .. _ 0 33
New York 3$I
_ North Carolina °16
® Oregon 021
Pennsylvania ... , 2.43
Puerto Rico 02
Rhode Island - 12
South Carolina + 0.13
Texas R 024
rf ..-
Virginia °-35
Washington r 03
4
Pacer t
le
- 31
41) Syringes were reported in all but two of the 23 states, However,in view of all the debris on our nation's
coastlines,syringes appear to be a very small percentage;the 1,718 syringes reported amount to less than 0.1
percent of the total debris. Yet in the New York and New Jersey areas,the amount of plastic syringes re-
ported was approximately three times greater than this national figure(Figure 12). Florida,Mississippi,
Puerto Rico,South Carolina,Texas,Virginia,and Washington also had higher levels of plastic syringes as
compared to the national figure. Florida,Mississippi,Puerto Rico,Texas,Virginia,and Washington also had
higher levels of plastic syringes as compared to the national figure.
In general,during the 1988 beach cleanup season,volunteers appeared to be sensitized to the problem of
medical wastes on beaches nationwide based on comments on the data cards. Many noted items other than
syringes that appeared to be medical related,including surgical gloves,masks and gowns,tubing and tritns-
Figure 12. Medical Waste Collected During 1988 Beach Cleanups.
/
National r 0.09
Alabama .,..,:�
,.v ' 0m
California '..,. 002
Connecticut °
•
Delaware ,- . .a,.,_ r 0.06
Florida r Y.. °.1
Georgia Pi 0.01
OD ...) Hawaii ..- _ . _..- ,' °.°7I ...
Louisiana �.,. -�.-, 0"
•
Maine -. °'02
Maryland r�a.01
Massachusetts „ ..:,a......... ... 0-w
Mississippi ij.. _.::,. ._,: , 0.2
New Jersey u25
New York -.-.._t ..< ...- ,.. -.: ,leasioeust0.26
North Carolina r . 0.05
Oregon ....,---. ... . . - 0.07
Pennsylvania J°
Puerto Rico . ,. _. ... _., . f , all
Rhod d r —
°.02
•
South Carolina - w.:-,,,,,;,,...-:.t..:,,,... :..k. , a.o9
Texas _, ,,, .,>- 0.0
Virginia _ r, .. 0.12
•
Washington '_. >., „ . , ,,. o.18
0.0 t v 4 ----,.........7.1
0,1 02
•
0 0]
Mint
—•- 3,3
fusion bags,blood vials,test tubes,and bandages. However,it is important to note that the nation's beaches,
contrary to what recent reports may have suggested,arc not awash in medical wastes.
• r
Recent findings into the cases of medical debris wash-ups on the beaches of New York and New Jersey
suggest that the majority of syringes found during the summer of 1988 were actually insulin-type disposable
syringes used by diabetics and often disposed in toilets or trash. According to a recent article in the New
York Daily News magazine,of the 4,369 medical items that washed onto New York's 13 city beaches between
the period of July 9 through August 12,1988,555 percent of these items,or 2,426,were syringes. The fact that
sewage-associated wastes were also prevalent in New York and New Jersey could suggest that there is a
direct correlation between sewage systems and medical debris in this area.
Foreign Sources of Beach Debris
In 1975 the National Academy of Sciences estimated that the United States could be the source of approxi-
mately one-third of all the garbage in the marine environment. However,marine debris is an international
• problem. In fact,a portion of the debris found in U.S.coastal areas is generated by foreign ships. In order to
identify foreign sources of debris,volunteers were asked to note all items that had foreign labels. More than
1,000 foreign label items were recorded from 45 countries including:Argentina,Bahamas,Barbados,Belgium,
Brazil,Bulgaria,Canada,Chile,Colombia,Cuba,Denmark,Dominican Republic,Federal Republic of Ger-
many,Finland,France,Greece,India,Ireland,Israel,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Malaysia,Mexico,Netherlands,
New Zealand,Norway,Pakistan,Panama,China,Peru,Portugal,Phillipines,Singapore,Spain,Sweden,
Switzerland,Taiwan,Thailand,Trinidad,Turkey,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,United Kingdom,
Venezuela,and Vietnam. In addition,many volunteers reported items as being from"Germany,""Korea,"
"Arabia,"or being "Latin,""Scandinavian,"or"oriental"in origin. A listing of all foreign debris items re-
ported in each state is given in Appendix 1.
Foreign debris was found in 22 of the 25 states;no foreign debris was reported in New Jersey,New York,
or Pennsylvania. Texas has the largest international assortment of debris where more than 500 foreign debt-is
items were reported from 39 countries with Mexico being the most commonly reported foreign source of
debris.
•
Much of the foreign debris found on US.beaches can be attributed to dumping by the international fleet of
commercial ships. Ironically,the majority of these foreign items were empty bottles of cleaning agents.
However,as previously reported,Annex V of the MARPOL Treaty now prohibits the discharge of plastic
wastes from ships at sea. Thc treaty applies to all ships of nations signatory to this treaty. In the United
States,no vessel from any country and of any size(ranging from super tankers to rubber rafts)may discharge
plastics within 200 miles of our coastline. This should reduce the amount of debris that is dumped and
subsequently washed onto our beaches. Among the foreign sources reported,the following countries are
signatory to the MARPOL Treaty:Belgium,Colombia,German Democratic Republic,Denmark,Federal
Republic of Germany,Finland,France,Greece,Italy,Japan,Netherlands,Norway,Panama,Peoples Republic
of China,Peru,Portugal,Sweden,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,and the United Kingdom. �•
In addition to recording information on foreign labels,some volunteers noted debris items traceable to
passenger cruise ships(Table 4). For instance,napkins,a jelly container,and plastic casino cups from Carni-
val Cruise Lines were reported in Florida and the Virgin Islands. Plastic shampoo bottles from Holland
America Lines and Premier Cruise Lines were found in South Carolina and several areas of Florida. A
Maryland cleanup volunteer reported finding a candy wrapper from Norwegian Cruise Lines while a plastic
cap found in St.Thomas and a small plastic food packet found in Florida were also traceable to this company.
And trash from Royal Caribbean Lines was reported in Florida,Puerto Rico,and the Virgin Islands. Other
debris traceable to cruise lines included a plastic bottle of hand lotion from Costa Cruises found in Louisiana,
plastic cups from Sitmar Cruises reported from Florida,a sugar packet from Home Lines reported from New
York,and a plastic bag from Commodore Cruise Lines found in Puerto Rico that was not only inscribed with
the name of the vessel,the MS Caribe I,but also gave the address and telephone number of the cruise line's
office in Miami,Florida,
At the time that the above debris was reported Annex V of the MARPOL Treaty was not in effect. How-
ever,in the future this type of information will be very useful in identifying cruise lines that may violate the
new international treat.
Table 4. Debris from Passenger Cruise Lines Reported during 1988 Beach Cleanups.
Location l ound Type of Debris Cruise Ship Indicated
Alaska bottle with note Noordam
Florida
Hobe Sound jelly containers Carnival Cruise Lines
Walton Rocks plastic ceps and napkins Carnival Cruise Lines
Biscayne National Park plastic shampoo bottle Holland America Lines
Fort Walton Beach plastic shampoo bottle Holland America Lines
St.George Island plastic shampoo bottle Holland America Lines
St.John's County plastic shampoo bottle Holland Amercia Lines
Key Biscayne small plastic food packet Norwegian Cruise Lines
• Daytona Beach plastic shampoo bottle Premier Cruise Lines
Cocoa plastic shampoo bottle Premier Cruise Lines
St.John's County plastic shampoo bottle Premier Cruise Lines
Biscayne National Park plastic cup Royal Caribbean
Miami plastic cups Sitrnar Cruise Lines-
,Amerikanis dr Jiritani�
Miami plastic cups unidentified
Sunrise City plastic bag Star of Norway
Sunrise City plastic cup Caribe I.MS Boheme
Jupiter shampoo bottle Holland Steamship
Louisiana plastic bottle,hand lotion Costa Cruises
® Maryland candyr
wrapper Norwegian Cruise Lines
New York sugar packet Home Lines
North Carolina shampoo bottle unidentified
Puerto Rico plastic bag Commodore Cruise
Lincs
many bottles and glasses Royal Caribbean Lines
South Carolina 4 plastic toiletry bottles Premier Cruise Lines t.
Virgin Islands plastic cups from casino Carnival Cruise Lines
plastic cap Norwegian Cruise Lines
shampoo bottle Royal Caribbean Lines
bottle with note unidentified
. 1
•
•
ii
Table 5. Wildlife Impacted by Debris Reported During 1988 Beach Cleanups.
t
State Type of Animal Type of Debris Other Comments
Alaska gull fishing line entangled
2 shore birds fishing line entangled
California gull plastic in mouth •
gull fishing line entangled
Florida pelican fishing line entangled(approx.50 yds/
30-lb. test fishing line)
2 gulls unidentified entangled .
1 skimmer(bird) fishing line entangled
pelican fishing line (15 feet)-hanging from mouth .
with bait and hook
attached--animal had
been there for many days
brown pelican fishing line entangled
dead bird plastic six-pack ring entangled
pelican(wing only) fishing line entangled
seabird (leg only) fishing line entangled
green sea turtle fishing line entangled
Louisiana seagull fishing hook --
Maine leatherback sea turtle plastic garbage bag ingested
herring gull wire lobster trap mesh caught
3 crabs,2 lobsters lobster trap released from trap
that had washed ashore
0 Maryland red fox plastic gill net found alive and released
Mississippi dolphin rope dead with rope looped l
around tail
North Carolina bird fishing line entangled
2 birds fishing line entangled
Dowitcher (bird) fishing line entangled,released
sandpiper type bird rubber band material with one leg wrapped,
nn use of leg
herring gull plastic six-pack ring leg entangled, looked as if it
may come off on its own
Oregon bird part fishing line
. 1 dead bird fishing line around legs
baby seagull plastic vegetable sack entangled
bird cassette tape entangled
bird kite string entangled «'
many dead birds fishing line --
seagull plastic in mouth,dead •
gull rope entangled
Rhode Island seagull balloon string one leg twisted in string
seagull fishing line wrapppcd around leg
seagull fishing line --
South Carolina seagull fishing line entangled
Texas entangled bones(bird ?) string -- ,
gull wire ring entangled
seagull • fishing line entangled (approx.40 inches)
bird debris entangled
seagull trash bag entangled •
seagull plastic six-pack ring entangled .
fish rope entangled
0 - •
•
91 'd ES:S0 St/t70 06, 1.10�2,
ArrommillillIllatt-
•
_ 1;
® t In two cases debris was attributed to ua indivi
d a cruise line passengers. In Alaska,one volunteer reported •
1 finding a bottle with a note from a passenger on the cruise ship Noordarn which was tossed overboard off
Skagaway,Alaska on June 17,1986. The note was found by this volunteer on June 25,1988. Students who'
participated in the cleanup in the Virgin Islands also found a bottle and note from cruise line passengers. In
both cases,the volunteers who reported these items commented that they intended to write back to the
authors of the notes to inform them of the new law,Annex V of the MARPOL Treaty!
Wildlife Entanglement
Finally,volunteers were asked to note any cases of wildlife entanglement or strandings found during the
beach cleanups. In total,volunteers reported more than 45 cases of entanglement or ingestion(Table 5). Of
these,more than 40 were birds,most of which were entangled in plastic fishing line. In addition,a dead
green sea turtle was found in Florida entangled in fishing line, a dead leatherhack sea turtle was found in
Maine that had ingested a plastic garbage bag,a dead dolphin was reported from Mississippi with a rope
looped around its tail,and in Maryland a red fox was released alive from entanglement in a plastic fishing
net. The numbers of these animals is alarming considering that these reports were noted on just a fraction of
our nation's coastline and within just three hours.
CONCLUSION
Citizen beach cleanups are an effective tool to help increase public awareness of the marine debris problem
and create a sense of stewardship and public support to solve this problem. Based on the results of the
National Marine Data Base 1988 data collection effort it has now been demonstrated that citizens who partici-
pate in beach cleanup efforts arc willing and able to assist in the development and evaluation of strategies to
reduce the problem, •
Realistically,due to the diversity of debris items and multiple uses of plastic Items,data collected during
I beach cleanups cannot be used to estimate total amounts of debris found in manne areas nor the precise
sources of debris items. However,comparison of relative amounts of debris can reveal important national,
state,and local trends in the types and distribution of beach debris. In particular,citizen beach cleanups have
demonstrated the predominance of plastic waste on our nation's shorelines. In the future,beach cleanups can
help to monitor legislative and other efforts to control the discharge of plastic wastes into marine areas.
Recognizing that it is difficult to use beach cleanup data to determine the major sources of debris on a
national level it will be important for groups on the state and local level to use beach cleanup data to deter-
mine regional sources. Moreover,since the majority of this debris consists of items that are used and subse-
quently disposed of by the general public,citizen monitoring of this debris contributes greatly to the underly-,.
ing theme of a beach cleanup—Increased awareness. By recording Information on these debris items,those
who participate in beach cleanups learn that marine industries are not the only sources of marine debris and
that the solution lies with us all. Others who do not participate in beach cleanups hear about data results in
the press and media and may consider proper disposal of their next six-pack ring or foamed plastic cup
knowing that someone is keeping count. Finally,it is hoped that those who manufacture or distribute
products that are reported as debris will realize the need to initiate and support efforts that encourage proper
disposal and prevent these items from becoming marine debris.
r
40
(11
4vO;R/40,
INWNO WATERWAY CLEANUP
FLORIDA ,a
r
September 24, 1988 Coordinated By:Edward Proffitt and
10,676 Volunteers Lee Hallman
914.6 Miles Cleaned Center for Marine Conservation
388,000 Pounds of Debris Collected Bayfront Tower
• 490,854 Debris Items Reported 1 Beach Drive SE,Suite 304
St.Petersburg,FL 33701
(813)895-2188
The Center for Marine Conservation's first statewide Florida Coastal Cleanup, held on September 24,
1988 opened many eyes to the extent of the marine debris problem in Florida and the willingness of
Floridians to become involved in the solution.A total of 10,706 volunteers cleaned 914.6 miles of beach
and estuary shoreline of more than 194 tons of debris.In terms of both miics covered and numbers of
volunteers, this was the largest single cleanup ever held anywhere in the world!
As expected due to the tremendous amount of fishing activity conducted year round,monofilament
fishing line was found in great amounts throughout the state.All told,279 miles of monofilament line
were cleaned from the beach,and another 26.4 miles were cut from artifical reefs off jacksonville.
Ten separate animal entanglement deaths and dismemberments due to monofilament line were reported
during the cleanup,which covered about 11 percent of Florida's total shoreline.Who knows how many
sea turtles,seabirds,and other animals we would find entangled if the entire 8,000 miles of Florida
coastline were survcr ?
The Florida Coastal Cleanup would not have been possible without the hard work and assistance of
many,many people throughout the state.Although organized primarily by CMC staff,members of
federal and state government agencies and private industry served on our steering committee to ensure
that all went smoothly. Primary funding was provided by the Anhueser-Busch Companies, the Society
of the Plastics Industry,Publix Supermarkets,Mrs.Allen F.Manning,the Curtis and Edith Munson
Foundation,and Waste Management of North America,Inc.Florida Sea Grant Extension agents helped
organize local cleanups,and provided scales to weigh monofilament line so that it could be measured.
Organized Fishermen of Florida were instrumental in cleaning waterways and estuaries,especially
those areas accessible only by boat.
In addition, First Brands Corporation donated 25,000 clear garbage bags so that certain materials,such
as aluminum cans and glass bottles,could be separated from the trash for recycling after the cleanup.In
Palm Beach County,plastic debris collected during the beach cleanup was sent to plastics recyclers in
New Jersey and later returned to Palm Beach in the form of fifteen park benches.
•
The cleanup attracted the attention and support of many of our national,state,and local leaders.
Governor Bob Martinez participated in the Jacksonville cleanup,and has subsequently introduced
legislation to address the debris problem in Florida including the serious hazards posed by derelict
fishing line.The entire Florida delegation of the U.S.Congress signed a letter of support for the
cleanup,and Senator Bob Graham helped to produce a radio public service announcement promoting the
cleanup. Senator Lawton Chiles helped at the Pinellas County site, and Representative Charles
Bennett did the same in jacksonvilie,
„ . . .
62
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77141 277 111 1 fl If 241 11 If 111 A HI IT It II Snit
, .
.....
...
The huge success of the cleanup is a tribute to the 39 Zone Captains who did a tremendous job of local
organizing,and to the citizens of Florida who turned out in record numbers on an exceedingly hot day.To . .
all who helped— thank you! .
--.
cl,rfarci Proffitt
. .
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----
PERCENT COMPOSITION Qf
FLORIDA'S BEACH DEBRIS:
1.30%
10.3%2.7 0% 1.3 0%
?..: •;:l... :-.
...1
si-X-,-. 1-:-.==.`'-'-...:.--..::,-...‘• u plastic .
114% A.-- 4:17•-.. 1-.....-K-*:17:,-;t,.*:4.;..")iz' 0 metal
:,,i"„-Fer—i,.4r#fiz.,. "3..'il•---.:,..---4-›.-z."----- ..
:....."-.46".4*!:::;...4i.za,V-',,-A,•,-.Vw;;;*' RI paper
glass
..-:-.7,-.--.;-tFt.:»14,:;'. :,...., :: 1.Z.-2.;',...i.,..-:'i;•
•--"-....—...—::::f:4-V-• ,,,t,"4–.7','.i-'••""';',..-,2-i El wood
....
"—,..--t-vo'.1.1::•-:. 44......4--,,-.,.-9---,-.
59.7% 2 rubber
Ini.r4,‘ Ali -.:;,0.ka.....,14,r,f,r.7 0 cloth
1 3.3% -It r- ',-411-4..11-.11'-,..:*
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toms sot 41.4 II III III MI 1113 III 14 III :it II III ICI II II 71 PI 1/411 • .
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1 4 :: :: 1 a ;: 1) 1 1)
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71271.7 1151 11 :1' 41' 2.55 2211 i42 111 :it 01 n ::: 11 +ft ti t2 lit :f22f
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it: " ,I1 41 ::1: HI/ 41 it, 11 212 21 :011 if II 11 ;1; $!1;
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•
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..,
TYPES AND SOURCES OF FLORIDA'S BEACH DEBRIS;
.. Type of Debris Percent of 101 / .41 Debris Reported
•
Bottles rtd Associated Good$ 17.37
Galley Wastes 5.97
Fishing/Boating Gear 5.45
Operational W a stes 1.62
Sewage%Vastcs 0.24
Medical Wastes 0,10
...
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.. 911:1'1I'.LfIIT "rte 'l1!' OIJLn.•a I Sl114
.171217.. Kee tt'e=1 lac 1.miu K,r Nu,/ Ir nl'.fn 11,11,74
•,.,..... S.nn•Ito,., Gu:1 I,har!ca:e ffiT7:
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11;O?t: 2% . 3(2
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1'11![2 11 I 9 1 11 1 ;f t 1 11 111
t[it; II) 7% 211 :I! 171 311 31 t:f IP. r. :11 J: !S 11 1 77 14I1
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24 72: , t:7291 !:7 II 1I1 II 11 71 L 23 1 27% :1 y
1!9;[112 1211 71! 1117 71, MI: ;4JI 11) :?1) 111 1131 1:1 111 71 ;I 11 1371
1473 :: 21 117 121 III 141 717 ;14 :11 111!1
Cu: 4i it :41 ,13 I!1 !1) 11 1S 11 4I 4 ti 1 It IS :7% 1741
C17)irUi J 21 ! 1 I ![ i I' 3 Il !
• 1I(': 7'317 '. I 9 II S1 11 I y 2 1 i ) 1 7J 413
•'1235 !74 ii `it SI If 173 lit !!S :! `ll II I! 11 .!f f Si 44 ! IT 1113 •
rat II Ill S! :27 Ill 'i!t! I' 171 9 S!i !7 II 11 11 ![! 1d1
:9Ef1 !!S III 5!11 :fl 94? 194: J )! 4 " ! ! :t 1474
24117 -•--• 1:1 117 '1 !1 l: .41 !: 1; 7 :! c.
791:
ii.'1:1112% Ill 4t 11; IS 1:: In .9 91 if :71 13 1
27932773 a II4 :•7 I1 1; 9 :: 97 nu
:174"12 211 11 114 171 'I' I:1 !1% '74 II 91 fl 41 11 •!:11 11 1; 1+ 11 2713
1'1 I. IM I7 11 17 ai 7434
li:+ :n :1t at +; 11 4 117 1; 20 31 17 1;. tllf
1111'17u ): :7 171 It 111 117 III IIf 1! 11 S 21 S
Itic1: 1:7 :n 415: III 24:1 !!Jt SII 17:1 !7 4:1 ! . s 2 4± 1110 .
17111 717 III l9! II 111 191 ii Its 1 S3. II •27 !.3 j' 11102
139
'9$ .. 117[ Ill 1!1 7S ;i .I !! {9! Jl[!t
•
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i U 1 'n 11 I H 1.11
1111
:913 313 2! 59 :11 •r 111 III :71 71 L'
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r 41 7¶ :i!:! 2'12 !1!1 „:I'! 115: ..1:1:u:114151
I •
FLORIDA'S DIRTY DOZEN: Total Number Percent of Total
Reported Debris Collected
1. plastic cups,spoons,forks,straws 40,572 8.27
2. metal beverage cans 33,394 6.80
•
•
3. small foamed plastic pieces 31,816 6.48
4. glass beverage bottles 29,389 5,99
• 5. foamed plastic cups 27r914 5,69
6. plastic pieces 27,821 5.67 •
7. plastic caps and lids 23,173 4.72
8. paper pieces 19,402 3.95
9. plastic trash bags 16,540 3.37
10. miscellaneous (other)plastic bags 15,092 3.07
• 11. glass pieces 15,035 3.06
12. plastic beverage,soda bottles 12,473 2.54
Total 292,621 59,6
1
f.
66
0 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DEBRIS IN EACH ZONE
.c
Zone Name Percent Plastic Most Prevalent Debris Item Reported
1. St.John's County 59.26 plastic cups,spoons,forks,straws
2. Duval County 57.64 plastic cups,spoons,forks,straws
3. Duval Underwater Cleanup 23.27 metal wire
4. Plaster County 62.79 plastic cups,spoons,forks,straws
5. Volusia County 68.76 plastic cups,spoons,forks,straws
6. Brevard County 68.95 plastic cups,spoons,forks,straws
7. Indian River County 66.12 foamed plastic cups
8. St Lucie and Martin Counties 57.26 foamed plastic cups
9. Palm Beach County 66.14 plastic cups,spoons,forks,straws
10. Boynton Beach 67.53 small foamed plastic pieces
11. Broward County 67.77 plastic cups,spoons,forks,straws
12. Dade County 61.17 plastic cups,spoons,forks,straws
13. Biscayne National Park 67.94 small foamed plastic pieces
14. Key Largo,Pcnnicamp,French Reef 67.61 glass beverage bottles
15. Marathon,Grassy Key 63.11 plastic trash bags
16. Kcy West 56.12 plastic cups,spoons,forks,straws
17. Collier County 47.75 plastic cups,spoons,forks,straws
18. Lee County 52.32 metal beverage cans
19. Sarasota and Manatee Counties 54.16 small foamed plastic pieces
20. Hillsborough and Pinellas Counties 56.37 glass beverage bottles
21. Tampa Bay •58.79 plastic cups,spoons,forks,straws
e 22. Pasco County 45,45 glace beverage bottles
23. Wakulla County 4106 metal beverase cans
24. Franklin County 55.13 glass beverage bottles
25. Bay County 65.65 small foamed plastic pieces `
26. Walton County 81.66 plastic pieces (fragments)
27, Okaloosa County 58,93 plastic caps, lids
28. Santa Rosa County 62.72 plastic caps, lids
29. Gulf County 57.05 glass beverage bottles
30. Dixie County 51.35 metal beverage cans
31. Charolctte County 50.92 metal beverage cans •
STRANDED AND/OR ENTANGLED WILDLIFE REPORTED:
Debris Related Other Reports
pelican wing entangled in approx. 19 birds(several pelicans)
50 yds.30-lb. test fishing line 15 sea turtles(8 hatchlings)
2 Fulls entangled . 1 softshcll turtle
1 skimmer(bird)entangled in 1 alligator (tail gone) •
. fishin6 line dead turtle tied to tree ,
pelican with 15 feet of fishing turtle eggs
line hanging from mouth with bait
and hook attached, animal had
tN'en there for several days
brown pelican with fishing line
® dead bird entangled in plastic six-pack ring
pelican(wing only)entangled in fishing line
seabird(leg only)entangled in fishing line
Breen sea turtle entangled in fiishin&line
G7
0 - _.
MOST PECULIAR DEBRIS=YTS REPORTED:
. aerosol blood clotter, air conditioner, antique radio tube, bag of syringes, bandages, Christmas lights,
condoms, Coast Guard emergency drinking water packet,cruise ship trash, diamond and amethyst
necklace,dog pacifier, douche kit, forty dollars,golf bag, intravenous bag of sodium chloride (100 ml.),
kitchen sink,machete, many full begs of garbage, medical vial, micro-brief underwear, no dumping
sign, portable potty(full),sex toy("analysis pending"), shotgun shells, six left shoes, surgical masks,
swimming pool, toilet scats, two bottles with notes inside, urinary catheter.
FOR MORE INFORMATION ON}LORIDA'S 1989 BEACH CLEANUP CONTACT;
Ed Frgffitt
Center for Marine Conservation
i3ayfront Tower
1 Beach Drive SE,Suite 304
St,Petersburry n33701
(813)895-2188
C . 1989 CLEANUP DATE Saturday,September Z3
, i ttit. ,(7.,i...cii!Fi;r.ilk 4441,:i iizl.'--11,-.4.::...c..-: ::: ' r,t4-.- ..•• .._ •,- - , , _.— ,,,
y_. T. TT
rt-y • .11,• Itj�� c• . i / .. JJ' x+14 •�C.', I`,
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LFA: -;6. A • l -*`tel' t 72.‘",
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fF�Y.y�j A f�Y,x lr` , wt \� • . ..�tJ_•
Voluntrcts returning with Ira.h at Blswynr YalionjI 1'.,rk, Florida.
•
i
1),6? /- / coin I 400j:41,
� " RECE1 ED
;1 30 Pl i L: 01 MAR 3 0 1990
�r- -;� .. „M-.E M O R ANDUM
RL:,Li . Lu/I Ir;ILLL
Public Services Div.
TO: Kevin O'Donnell, Public Services Administrator
FROM: Ramiro Manalich, Assistant County Attorney
DATE: March 28 , 1990
RE: RLS #PUB 11 27 89 01; County Beach Parking Fees ,
"Generally, the purpose of public parks is to
secure the common good of mankind. The use of such
areas is of more than local interest, and becomes \�\'
the concern of the State. Such public parks are ,�
held not for the sole use of the people of a �
particular community, but for the use of the
general
general public without reference to the residence
of the user. " 38 Fla. Jur. 2d. 519.
There have been two Attorney General Opinions in regard to this
subject. The first, AGO 76-124 , opined that although a
municipality may charge a fee for individual use of a
municipally-owned park or other municipal recreational facility
which is reasonably related to the expense incurred in operating
and maintaining the park or facility, the municipality may not
charge a higher fee to non-residents than residents unless all
relevant economic factors establish a rational foundation for such
differentiation. The rational foundation test must be met in
order to comply with the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth
Amendment of the United States Constitution, as well as the
Privileges and Immunities and the Interstate Commerce clauses of
said Constitution. Whether a sufficient rational basis has been
established will depend upon the facts of each particular
situation, and it is usually resolved in the context of a lawsuit,
through a determination by a court of law. Among the factors
which the Attorney General recommends to be considered in
determining if a rational basis exists for different fees for
residents and non-residents of a locality are the following: the
amount of federal and state money that has supported the
construction and maintenance of the park or recreational facility
in question; the general economic benefit accruing to the
municipality by reason of the influx of persons to use the park or
recreational facility; and, all other economic factors applicable
to the locale. The analysis cannot stop at a mere review of the
memo to Kevin O'Donnell
Page 2
March 28 , 1990
quantum of tax dollars contributed by residents versus park
maintenance costs. AGO 76-124 concludes by stating that "in light
of the obvious difficulty in establishing the proposition that a
higher fee for non-residents than residents for the use of a
municipal-owned park or other municipal recreational facility is ,
justified because of municipal tax allocations, it is suggested
that instead of establishing a fee schedule which differentiates
on the basis of residency, a municipality may wish to consider
removing the maintenance and operation expense of such park or
facility from the municipality's general budget and financing the
park or facility entirely from fees charged equally to all park
facility users. (emphasis added) . . . this approach would be
more consistent with the accepted notion that public parks are
held not only for the sole use of a particular community, but for
the use of the general public without reference to the residence
of the user. " AGO 76-124 at page 230.
AGO 87-58 stated that non-state residents could be charged more
for access and use of a state park system than State of Florida
411, residents provided that the fee differential had a rational basis.
AGO 87-58 specifically distinguished this opinion from AGO 76-124
(mentioned above) and commented that "ordinarily land held by a
municipality for park purposes is held for the benefit for the
people of the state at large and not only for the benefit of local
inhabitants. " AGO 87-58 at page 159 . It thus appears that the
AGO's find it easier to justify differences in recreational fees
between residents and non-residents when said differences exist as
between residents of different states as opposed to differences
imposed between residents of the same state. This distinction
appears to stem from Section 253 . 001, F. S. , providing that land
held in the name of the Board of Trustees of the Internal
Improvement Trust Funds are held in trust for the use and benefit
of .the people of the entire State of Florida.
There are two other critical factors which must be considered in
assessing the propriety of beach parking fees. The first is that
Tiger Tail and Bayview Parks have already received money from
state grants under contracts which prevent the County from
charging higher fees to non-residents. The contracts specifically
provide that any such discrimination'would require the County to
refund all or part of said funds to the State. The second factor
is that any discrimination in fees at other County parks (such as
memo to Kevin O'Donnell
Page 3
March 28, 1990
Clam Pass) which is not properly imposed by the Board of County
Commissioners upon a careful examination of all relevant economic
factors could result in the impairment of future state grants to
the County for items such as beach renourishment.
In conclusion, it is the advice of the Office of the County
Attorney that beach parking fees should not discriminate between
residents and non-residents.
cc: Kenneth B. Cuyler, County Attorney
David C. Weigel, Chief Assistant County Attorney
Brenda C. Wilson, Assistant County Attorney
rm/bh/2337
ITEM NO.:/us ,(' 0 / ATE RECEIVED
NOV 271989
FILE NO.:
ROUTED TO: t\
DO NOT WRITE ABOVETIIIS SPACE(orig.9/89) '" y
REQUEST FOR LEGAL SERVICES
(Please type or print)
Date: 27 November 1989
(Date)
To: Office of the County Attorney, Attention: Dave Weigel
From: Kevin O'Donnell , Public Services Administrator
(Name) (Title)
Public Services Division ,
(Division) (Department)
Re: Review of Executive Summary re. Current Beach Parking Policy
(Subject)
BACKGROUND OF REQUEST/PROBLEM:
(Describe problem and give background information-be specific,concise,and articulate).
(Are there documents or other information needed to review this matter? If yes,attach and reference this information).
This item has/has not been previously submitted.
(If previously submitted provide County Attorney's Office file no.)
ACTION REQUESTED:
(Be very specific. Identify exactly what you need in the way of legal services.)
Review of Executive Summary re. Current Beach Policy so that it may be
placed on the Agenda ASAP
OTHER COMMENTS:
D _ _
(pit requests must be copied to your appropriate
Division Head or Constitutional Officer).
:115
/W25)
MEMORANDUM
e77-# e-2-7 .371.?7qp
TO: All Parks and Recreation Advisory Board Members
FROM: Cliff Crawford, Director
Collier County Park and Recreation Department
SUBJECT: Beach Parking Fees
DATE: March 26, 1990
From the Minutes Tape for the 11/16/89 PARAB--meeting.
III. Old Business
D. Beach Parking - Recommendation to Initiate Parking Permits—Kevin
O'Donnell: At the last meeting, you asked me to maintain a status
quo on the beach parking, and also to look at a Beach Parking
Parr.:it. We're prepared to propose, if we go into a Beach Parking
Permit System, that the easiest system for us to implement is simply
honor the City permits. It has a number of advantages from our
perspective, let me just comment on a couple of them. One is we
don't get involved in ordering, issuing, or any administrative
expenses connected with the permits. You go aver to City Hall, you
pick it up. They are constantly replenishing their stocks, and they
have to administratively make those arrangements for us. All our
people have to do is honor the permit when they pull into the
parking lot. So, from that perspective it's nice and easy and
simple. The negative aspect of it is that there is approximately
about 50,000 or so stickers out there right now. Potentially all
those people would be parking free. We have a real concern relative
to what this is going to do on revenue projections. We just really
don't know. I'd like to propose that if we do it, let's pick a date
certain, and we could easily implement it within the next couple of
weeks because the City is already issuing permits and we don't
have to go through the process of ordering. But, let's do it for
this season. Let's see what the revenue projection loss would be,
then we could came back to PARAB and put it into effect maybe
through May 1st or something. We could came back to you in your May
meeting, and let's say OK, we know haw much revenue we would
generally generate fLUut a January or December through May cycle. We
have good records on that, and we could show you what the record
loss is if there is any, and say "OK! We need to either modify
that. . .". or say, "Hey! It's a great program, it's working great,
you know, let's do it year round." But, I'd like to at least see it
implemented with some kind
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D. Beach Parking - Recommendation to Initiate Parking Permits
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of short term duration point on it. Scott McQuillin: You are saying
that the places where it would really be impacted would be the three
places that we have collections on. Do you think that the guards in
the booths would be able to keep a tally of how many cars had
permits? Kevin O'Donnell: Sure! They could probably do that,
Scott, because they do right now particularly at Clam Pass. I know,
the attendant, Bob can figure out. . . Cliff Crawford: I'd like to
introduce to you. . . I don't know who our guest is, but Mr. Bob
Legler, is our Beach and Water Park Supervisor, and immediately to
his left, is Nan Klein, Park Ranger Supervisor. If you don't mind,
I'd like to have Mr. Legler. . . Gil Dueller: Larry Basic, long time
resident of Marco Island, and Observer of Tigertail Beach. Cliff
Crawford: OK! We'd like to have Mr. Legler, who is directly
responsible for our parking lot, Scott, maybe comment on that. Bob
Legler: The only comment that we would have is that my guys can't
see the sticker directly on the back bumper. I'm thinking of
Tigertail, and I think that we can put up a mirror there on that
post at Tigertail. You see, if they drive up the attendant collects
a dollar, so they would have a problem with seeing that sticker
that's on the back bumper. Gil Dueller: Do you think a mirror
would work, Bob? Bob Legler: I don't know what else to do. Kevin
Q O'Donnell: That literally is the only problem. Bob Legler: We
count the out-of-town cars down there. Scott MCQuillin: How do
you count them. How do you know that they are Collier County? By
the plate? Bob Legler: By the License Plate. Scott McQuillin: So
you have to look at the license plate. Bob Legler: Yes. Scott
MMQuillin: I just meant that if you just ask them whether of not
they've got a. . . Bob Legler: Of course they know a rental car.
They tell that by the. . . Charles Stevens: Where are these City
stickers, please? Scott MaQuillin: They're on the back bumper to
the left. Kevin O'Donnell: Usually the left rear bumper. Gil
Dueller: When you observe the license plates, it'll be a little
more difficult to see the sticker. Kevin O'Donnell: I can see that
when you drive up, we say "pay your dollar". You hand us a dollar,
we don't see the plate until you pull in. The guy is going to say
I've got my sticker. Bob's going to tell his people, OK, let the
guy through, he's going to look back, see the sticker, and let him
through. Maybe occasionally somebody might try to bluff him on it,
depending on haw crowded it gets, but some kind of mirror system
would probable accommodate it. Bob Legler: When we had a system,
we used to have to put it on the windshield, on the driver's side.
You'd spot that green thing right away! Kevin O'Donnell: The
reason we didn't want to get into our own sticker was we didn't want
to add confusion. Right now, obviously, there are 50,000 stickers
out there. People are using them, it's easy to sit back and say,
AMOMMINOMMOMMW
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D. Beach Parking - Recommendation to Initiate Parking Permits
(continued)-
"If you have a City sticker, we'll honor it!". We also don't get
into the issue of making the definition as to who qualifies, who
doesn't. We're honoring the program that the City has. The City is
basically saying that if you're a permanent resident, or if you own
property dawn here, then you qualify for a beach parking sticker.
OK! If we mirror that, we're not doing anything different. It will
be a little bit difficult on Bob's people, particularly in the
beginning, but they have proved to be really adaptable at everything
else we've thrown at them. I don't see any reason why we can't do
that, it seems to be the simplest, cleanest way of doing it, there
is no cost to us. Bob's fellows would probably stretch their necks
a little bit looking around back of the car, we'll have a few
dollars of expenses connected with buying them some mirrors but
that's it. But, I would like to see it probably just for the
season, then we came back to you and say "OK! Based upon
implementation of this program, we've lost X dollars", or ". . .it had
a fiscal impact of Y." That's the real thing I'm just not sure of
and what I feel uncomfortable about. Charles Stevens: What do you
think of putting out a little sign or something, that would say
"City of Naples Permits honored"? Kevin O'Donnell: We would do a
Press Release, have signs made up, that type of thing. Charles
Stevens: It should say something about it's on a temporary basis.
Kevin O'Donnell: Yes. This would have to go to the Commissioners
since it's changing the fee structure. Within the Executive Summary
it would specify that we are doing it for a specified duration.
That's your recommendation. Cliff Crawford: Of course that also
addresses, as you all knave, one of the concerns that we've heard
from frequent users of same of our staffed beach areas, that the
cost if you drive into the area on a daily basis becomes quite
expensive. So this certainly would enhance the regular user of the
beaches. We're real interested, if it's agrccable to the Board, to
move forward and see whether or not there's an impact on increasing
the use of facilities that may be not used to capacity right now.
We're interested in looking at and evaluating if any impact on
concessions, specifically at Clam Pass and at Tigertail. It would
be interesting to see because we're particularly interested in
improving some of the participation at some of the beaches, and this
might have some of that type of positive impact if people don't have
the dollar fee responsibility. Kevin O'Donnell: Following up with
Cliff's comments, we noticed that when the guard house at Clam Pass
was damaged this past summer, more cars were parked in there during
the two to three month period of time that we weren't charging than
before. Traditionally summer is our slow time at the beaches, so
that was suggesting to us, that yes, maybe people were staying away
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D. Beach Parking - Recommendation to Initiate Parking Permits
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from the beaches because of the charge. I've gotten periodically,
and Cliff's office gets it a lot more than I do, people saying,
"Hey! We go to the beach every day, or very frequently. Why can't
we buy scene kind of year round pass type of thing?". Kim Robza:
Haw does the revenue equation work here? I guess, through
implementation of this permit system, we could theoretically suffer
a net loss of revenue through the intake at the gate. Right? Cliff
Crawford: Yes Kim Kobza: To scene extent maybe that would be
offset by concession revenue at, what percent? But there is no
other means of revenue gain if I am reading this situation
correctly? Kevin O'Donnell: Right! I'm cautious on a few things.
One is due to the number of permits that are currently out there.
That means a lot of vehicles will potentially came in free and what
impact that will have. Right now, it's Pacy, anybody that drives
through pays the dollar. If revenues do decline, which is very,
very possible, we're going to see it balance off by seeing an
increase in concession level. We could come back and tell you we're
making more money because the concessionaires are making more and we
get a percentage, - we did a great thing, and let's keep it going.
At the same token, we may turn around and say, we're losing, or
we're not losing as much, so maybe we want to raise the fee
401) instrumentally, to help offset that. There's a number of options,
we just don't know, and that is why I suggested it for a limited
period of time. I think the season would give it a good test, that's
obviously the peak when we're going to generate the most revenue.
We've have real good figures over the last few years to compare.
December to May would be a good reading. Kim Robza: On the other
hand, what we might accomplish is we would increase revenues for the
city, potentially. If more people buy permit stickers. . . Cliff
Crawford: They don't buy them. They're issued. Kim Kobza: Oh!
They're just given out. Cliff Crawford: They're given out, and
there's a separate contractual arrangement between Collier County
and the city on that. Mr. Basic: Aren't the revenues that are made
from the concessions, minute co pared to revenues that could be
obtained by an increase in price per car? I think they pay only. . .
What do they pay? Ten percent of their revenue? Cliff Crawford:
Twenty percent. Actually, 20.5 percent. Kevin O'Donnell: No, I
wouldn't say it's convenient. We don't have an exact breakdown.
Mr. Basic: For instance at Tigertail, how much revenue does that
bring you totally? Bob Legler: I would say it would be a minimum
of about $2100 Cliff Crawford: $2100 a month just on the
concession, our revenue dawn there is about $60,000 plus a year.
Mr. Basic: For Tigertail? Cliff Crawford: Yes, Sir! Kevin
O'Donnell: The total? Cliff Crawford: Yes. Mr. Basic: That's
with the cars, the parking fees,
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D. Beach Parking - Recommendation to Initiate Parking Permits
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or just the concession? Cliff Crawford: Just the parking, is. . .
Do you know off hand Bob? Scott MaQuillin: Isn't about $39,000.00
from the concessionaires there? Cliff Crawford: Yes. That's
correct. Charlie Stevens: That's quite a bit! Kevin O'Donnell:
The minimum the concessionaire has to, all three concessionaires
would be paying us, Clam Pass and Tiger Tail would be $25,200 and
we're to the minimum. Cliff Crawford: So, that's just between
those two concessionaires. Dawn at Tigertail, is over $50,000 just
in the minimum dates, and nobody has ever taken minimum monthly yet.
Kevin O'Donnell: I think it a worthwhile thing to try. It doesn't
cost us a whole lot to get into it, a few mirrors to be purchased,
but we're not looking at a big Administrative cost for printing up
forms, we're not looking at deluging Cliff's staff with issuing
permits and everything associated with it. From that end, that's
the easiest way of doing it. Bob Legler: We would lose 15-20
percent of parking revenues. That's the only percentage we have of
Collier County people. . . I would anticipate that we would have more
people using the beach, but not that much more cost & revenue.
Kevin O'Donnell: That's the thing that we can't quantify for you.
So, we're saying, "OK! Please put same timetable on it". Cliff
Crawford: Bob's actual monthly report's over two years show . . .
C Bob Legler: Parking would go up, but I wouldn't think that the
revenue would canna dawn any. Scott MoQuillin: But if a dollar is
really significant to people, it's possible for people with permits
to carne to the beach more often, whereby precluding the people who
are from out of the county from using any of those parking spaces.
Bob Legler: We get most of our complaint from Vanderbilt and Clam
Pass. Scott MoQuillin: Complaints on a dollar? Bob Legler: Yes.
Kevin O'Donnell: Yes. We've been charging at Tigertail for years,
and I think it's pretty well entrenched. Clam Pass has only been in
effect for a year, and Vanderbilt at least. . . Bob Legler: May I
ask, what are you looking on doing about the parking meters. Gil
Mueller: Before you get into the parking meters. . . I don't know if
this will be of any advantage to anyone, but the Board of Directors
at the Residents Beach at Marco Island are facing same problems
concerning the issuing of permits. Perhaps, Bob, someone, or
myself, could go down there and we might benefit. Some of the
things that they are facing, decisions they're making, and so forth.
I don't know. Cliff Crawford: Yes. They're on the permit system.
Gil Mueller: They're on the permit system, but they've got some
very severe problems concerning permits. If we can benefit from
their consideration of these problems, why it might be to our
advantage. Just a suggestion! Scott McQuillin: Is there any other
discussion. Kim, go ahead. Kim Kobza: No, I was just going to
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D. Beach Parking - Recommendation to Initiate Parking Permits
(continued)-
offer a motion. I would like, Mr. Chairman, that we adopt Mr.
O'Donnell's arra staff reconmrendation to recommend to the County
Board, that at the local County parks we honor the City Parking
permits for a period, as Mr. O'Donnell suggested through May 1st.,
1990, beginning ... Kevin O'Donnell: We have a Board meeting for
November 28, 1989 so we should be able to get it on the Agenda for
the 28th. Scott McQuillin: You want the full month. Kevin
O'Donnell: I think it would be easier. Cliff Crawford: Yes, Mr.
Chairman. Kevin O'Donnell: I don't see why, at this point we
couldn't make it December 1st. Scott McQuillin: Did I interrupt
you with your motion? Kim Kobza: No! That's my motion. Scott
McQuillin: Do I hear a second? Gil Mueller: Yes. Scott
McQuillin: Is there any further discussion? All those in favor,
respond by saying "I". Any opposed? That motion passes
unanimously.
CC:rtd:2155
IC cp:y e
2 /e MEMORANDUM
DATE: 21 November 1989
TO: Neil Dorrill, County Manager
Richard Shanahan, County Commissioner
FROM: Kevin O'Donnell Public Services Administrator
/O•
RE: Memo dated November 15, 1989
s
Mr. Mueller's comments to Commissioner Shanahan are an accurate
reflection of what PARAB has been considering relative to the
beach parking charges.
Attached is an Executive Summary that I have prepared as a result
of PARAB's recent recommendation (November 16th) . However; in a
conversation that I had with John Yonkosky, Finance Director, and
Dave Weigel, Assistant County Attorney, they brought up that the
recently approved contract for the State Grant the County is
receiving for Beach Renourishment precludes discrimination at
beach facilities.
As a result there is a major legal concern relative to our ability
to implement the PARAB recommendation dealing with honoring the
City of Naples Beach Parking Permit.
I requested that the County Attorney's Office review the matter
and advise me accordingly. In the interim stautus quo will be
maintained and the City of Naples Beach Parking Permit will not be
accepted at Vanderbilt, Clam Pass and Tigertail.
Should yoc have any further questions, please advise.
KO'D/cms
cc: C'tiff Crawford, Director of Parks and Recreation
Parks and Recreation Advisory Board
• e
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MEMORANDUM
DATE: 21 November 1989
TO: Dave Weigel, Assistant County Attorney
FROM: Kevin O'Donnell, Public Services Administrato /51 A v�
RE: Recommendation to Current Beach Parking Policy
As we discussed on Friday, I am attaching a copy of the Executive
Summary that I have prepared pertaining to the recommendation of
the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board at its November 16th
meeting wherein by a 4-0 vote it recommended to maintain the $1. 00
• per vehicle charge at Clam Pass, Tigertail and at Vanderbilt and
to honor the City of Naples Beach Parking Permits.
In light of the concerns you raised relative to the
non-discrimination clause in a current contract the County has
with the State for Grant Beach Renourishment Funds please review
the Executive Summary and determine should this policy be
implemented by the Board of County Commissioners, whether or not
we would be in jeopardy 'in being in non compliance with our •
contractural obligations.
PARAB had anticipated this item being able to go before the
Commission at its November 28th meeting for action effective
December 1. In light of your conversation with me on Friday the
17th I will refrain from formally submitting this to the agenda
pending your review.
Your prompt to this matter is most appreciated.
KO'D/cros
cc: Keil Dorrill, County Manager
,Cliff Crawford, Parks & Recreation Director
3
410
4111,
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
RECOMMENDATION REGARDING COUNTY BEACH PARKING
OBJECTIVE: To have the Board of County Commissioners maintain the
current $1. 00 per vehicle charge at Vanderbilt, Clam Pass and
Tigertail and to honor the City of Naples Beach Parking Permit in
lieu of the $1. 00 charge at the above three (3) locations.
CONSIDERATION: During the budget deliberations the Board of .
County Commissioners questioned the $1. 00 per vehicle parking
charge. This was an outgrowth of information staff had compiled
that indicated that the •cost of the attendents vs. the revenue
generated from parking fees resulted in approximately a deficit of
$19,000.
Several options were discussed. The Commission felt that the
Parks and Recreation Advisory Board should review this matter.
PARAB had several exhausted meetings and concluded that the $1. 00
per day per vehicle charge should be maintained and consideration
of some permanent "free permit" should be explored.
Staff had advised the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board that
administratively, and most easily understood by the staff and
general public alike, is to honor the City of Naples Beach Parking
Permit. However; implementation of such a program may have a
severe impact on revenues due to the fact that there are
approximatly 50, 000 permits currently issued.
Therefore; it was decided to proceed with the permit concept on an
experimental trial basis lasting from December 1, 1989 through May
1, 1990.
•
FISCAL IMPACT: Undetermined at this time. Reason, item is being
•
•
recommended only on a trial basis from December 1, 1989 to May 1,
• 1990.
• GROWTH MANAGEMENT IMPACT: Not Applicable.
RECOMMENDATION: That the Board of County Commissioners maintain
the $1. 00 per day per vehicle charge at Clam Pass, Tigertail and
Vanderbilt for beach parking and honor the City of Naples Beach
Parking Permit in lieu of the $1. 00 charge.
Prepared by: Date:
• Kevin O'Donnell
Public Services Administrator
KO'D/cms
11/21/89
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